tpRthrj;jpdhy; ePjpkhd; gpiog;ghd;

(Nuhkh; epUgj;jpw;F xU mwpKfk;)

vk;.v];.tre;jFkhh;
mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTypd; epUgq;fspy; mjpfsT mjpfhuq;fisf; nfhz;l
Gj;jfkhfTk;> fpwp];jt khh;ff
; j;jpd; mbg;gil cgNjrj;ijf; fpukkhd
Kiwapy; mwpaj;jUk; MtzkhfTk;> mth; NuhkUf;F vOjpa epUgk; cs;sJ.
,e;epUgj;jpy;> ghtpahd kdpjdhy; vg;gb ghpRj;jkhd NjtDf;F Kd;
ePjpkhdhf epw;f KbAk;? vd;Dk; kdpjdpd; mbg;gil Md;kf
P f; Nfs;tpf;fhd
gjpiyg; gTy; tpsf;fkhf vOjpAs;shh;. ghtpahd kdpjd; ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd;
kPJ itf;Fk; tpRthrk; mtidj; NjtDf;F Kd; ePjpkhdhf epw;f
itf;fpd;wJ vd;Dk; fpwp];jt khh;ff
; j;jpd; rj;jpaj;ij ,e;epUgk; cyf
kf;fSf;F mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ. cz;ikapy; ,JNt fpwp];jtk; cyfj;jpw;F
mwptpf;Fk; ew;nra;jpahFk;.
cyf khe;jh; midtUk; ghtpfshfNt ,Uf;fpd;wdh;.1 ,jdhy; kdpjuhy;
ghpRj;jkhd NjtNdhL njhlh;G nfhs;s Kbahky; cs;sJ (Vrh.59:2).2
,e;epiyia khw;wp> kdpjUf;Fk; NjtDf;Fk; ,ilapy; xU cwit
Vw;gLj;Jtjw;fhf> kdpjh;fSila ghtj;ijg; Nghf;Fk; gypahf ,NaRfpwp];J
jk;ikj; jhNk rpYitapy; gypahf;fpdhh;.3 ,jdhy;> ,NaRfpwp];J jdf;fhf
khpj;jhh; vd;gijj; jdpg;gl;l hPjpahf tpRthrpj;J> jd;Dila ghtq;fspypUe;J
kde;jpUk;gp ,NaRfpwp];lJtplk; kd;dpg;Gf;fha; kd;whLgtDila ghtj;ij
mtdpypUe;J vLj;Jg; NghLk; ,NaRfpwp];J> mtDf;Fj; jk;Kila ePjpiaf;
nfhLf;fpd;whh;. vdNt> kde;jpUk;gpa ghtp ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; ePjpiag; ngw;Wf;
nfhz;l epiyapy; NjtNdhL [PtDs;s cwTf;Fs; te;jtdhf mtUf;F
Kd;ghf ePjpkhdhf epw;fpd;whd;. ,JNt tpRthrj;jpdhy; ePjpkhdhf;fg;gLjy;
vd;W Nuhkh; epUgj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nuhkh; epUgj;jpy; fpwp];jtj;jpd;
,e;j mbg;gil cgNjrk; tphpthd tpsf;fj;Jld; vOjg;gl;Ls;sikahy;> ,J
kDf;Fyj;jpw;fhd NjtDila ew;nra;jpiaf; nfhz;l Gj;jfkhf cs;sJ.4
Nuhkh; epUgj;jpd; ngUk;ghyhd gFjp gTy; gpurq;fpj;J te;j RtpNr~r;

cyf khe;jh; midtUk; Kjy; kdpjdhfpa Mjhkpd; re;jjpahuhf ,Ug;gjdhy; (mg;.17:26)>

kdpjh;fs; midtUk; gpwtpapNyNa ghtpfshf ,Uf;fpd;wdh; (Nuh.5:12> 5:17-18).
2
khdpl ghtk; NjtDf;Fk; kdpjDf;Fk; ,ilNa gphpit Vw;gLj;jpAs;sij Vrhah 59:2
mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ.
3
,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; rpYitg; gyp kdpjh;fSila ghtj;jpw;fhd gyp vd;gij vNgrpah; 1:7>
nfhNyhnrah; 1:14> vgpNuah; 9:12 Nghd;w trdq;fs; mwpaj;jUfpd;wd. cz;ikapy;
,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; ,uj;jNk kdpjUila rfy ghtq;fisAk; ePf;fp mth;fisr; Rj;jpfhpf;fpd;
wJ (1Nahth.1:7). mNjrkak;> ,NaRfpwp];J jk;Kila rpYit kuzj;jpdhy; kdpjiuj;
NjtNdhL xg;Guthf;fpAs;sijg; gw;wp Nuhkh; 5:10> 2nfhhpe;jpah; 5:18-19> vNgrpah; 2:13-16 Nghd;w
trdq;fs; mwpaj;jUfpd;wd.
4
fp.gp.16k; E}w;whz;by; tho;e;j rig rPh;jpUj;jthjpahd khl;bd; Y}j;jh; ,e;epUgj;ij
\\J}a;ikahd ew;nra;jp|| vd;Wk;> \\guNyhfj;jpw;fhd thry;|| vd;Wk; th;zpj;Js;shh;.

1
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

nra;jpapd; tptuzkhf ,Ug;gjdhy;> ,J \\gTypd; cgNjr mwpf;if||5 vd;Wk;>

\\gTypDila ,iwapay; rpe;jidfspd; njhFg;G||6 vd;Wk;> \\fpwp];jt
khh;ff
; j;jpd; RUf;fTiu||7 vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. cz;ikapy; ,e;epUgj;jp
NyNa \\fpwp];jt RtpNr~k; njspthfTk; tpsf;fkhfTk; vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ.||8
\\mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTy; NtW epUgq;fs; vJTk; vOjhky; Nuhkh; epUgj;ij
kl;LNk vOjpapUe;jhYk;$l mth; ,d;W tiu fpwp];jt cyfpy; epiyj;
jpUf;Fk;

cd;dj

kdpjuhfNt

,Ue;jpUg;ghh;.||9

Vndd;why;>

,e;epUgk;

cz;ikahd RtpNr~j;ij mwpe;Jnfhs;tjw;fhd Gj;jfkhfTk;> rhpahd

rj;jpaj;ij ,dq;fz;Lnfhs;s cjTk; fUtpahfTk; cs;sJ.10 \\fpwp];jt
,iwapaypYk;> fpwp];jt tpRthr tho;tpYk; ,e;epUgj;ijg; Nghy jdJ
Kj;jpiuiag;
gjpj;Js;s
Gj;jfk;
Ntjhfkj;jpy;
NtnwJTkpy;iy.||11
,e;epUgk;
ghtpahd gyuJ tho;itg; ghpRj;jKs;sjhf;fpAs;sNjhL> cyff;
fpwp];jtr; rigapd; rhpj;jpuj;jpy; Kf;fpa jpUg;gq;fis Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
cz;ikapy;> \\fpwp];jt rhpj;jpuj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd fhyfl;lq;fspy; ,e;
epUgj;jpd; ty;yik ntspg;gl;Ls;sij ehk; mtjhdpf;fyhk;.||12 fpwp];jt
cyfpy; \\J}a xf];Bd;| vd;W ,d;Wtiu Gfog;gLk; fp.gp.4k; E}w;whz;ilr;
Nrh;ej
; rigg; gpjhthd xf];Bd; vd;gth; ,ul;rpf;fg;gLtjw;F Nuhkh; epUgj;jpd;
trdq;fNs fhuzkha; ,Ue;jd. xOf;ff;Nflhd Kiwapy; tho;eJ
; te;j ,th;>
mf;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;j jj;Jtg; Nghjidfspy; jd; kdijr; nrYj;jp mjd;
%yk; jdJ ght tho;tpypUe;J tpLglKw;gl;lhh;. Mdhy; mtuJ Kaw;rpfs;
vJTk; gydspf;fhj epiyapy;> Njhy;tpAlDk; tpuf;jpAlDk; ,j;jhypapYs;s
\\kpyhd;|| vd;Dkplj;jpypUe;j Njhl;lnkhd;wpy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ (fp.gp.386y;) \\vLj;j
thrp|| vd;W xU rpWtd; $Wtijg; gy jlitfs; Nfl;lhh;. ,ij>
Ntjhfkj;ij thrpf;Fk;gbahd Njtfl;lisahff; fUjpa xf];Bd;> Ntjhfkj;
ij thrpf;fj; njhlq;fpdhh;. md;iwa jpdk; mth; thrpj;j Ntjg; gFjp Nuhkh;
13:13-14 MFk;.13 ,t;trdq;fs; xf];BDila ,jaj;ij cUtf; Fj;jpaik
ahy; jdJ ghttho;fi
; fiag; gw;wp kdKile;J jdJ ghtj;ijj; Njtdplk;

5
6
7

G.G.Findlay, The Epistles of Paul, p. 137.

M.Goguel, The Birth of Christianity, p. 316.

16k; E}w;whz;L fpwp];jt rigr; rPh;jpUj;jthjpfs; ,t;thNw Nuhkh; Gj;jfj;ij th;zpj;jdh;.

A.Nygren, Commentary on Romans, pp. 1-9.

F.Godet, Commentary on St. Pauls Epistle to the Romans, p. x.
10
G.B.Wilson, Romans: A Digest of Reformed Comment, p. 11.
11
J.R.Edwards, Romans: New International Biblical Commentary, p. 1.
12
L.Morris, Romans: The Pillar New Testament Commentary, p.

13

Nuhkh; 13:13-14y;> \\fspahl;Lk; ntwpAk;> Ntrpj;jdKk; fhktpfhuKk;> thf;FthjKk;

nghwhikAk; cs;sth;fsha; elthky;> gfypNy elf;fpwth;fs; Nghy rPuhf elf;ff;flNthk;.
Jh; ,r;irfSf;F ,lkhf cliyg; NgzhkypUe;J> fh;j;juhfpa ,NaRfpwp];Jitj; jhpj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;|| vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

2
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

mwpf;ifapl;L kd;dpg;igg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lNjhL> gpw;fhyj;jpy;

rigapd; Kf;fpakhd jiyth;fspy; xUtuhf khwpdhh;.14

fpwp];jt

ghtpahd xf];Bidj; J}a xf];Bdhf khw;wpa Nuhkh; epUgk;> ghuk;ghpag;

NghjidfSk;>

rlq;fhr;rhuq;fSk;

fpwp];jt

rigiar;

rpiwg;gLj;jpapUe;j

fhyj;jpy;> kWgbAkhf rhpahd rj;jpaj;ij kDf;Fyj;jpw;F mwptpg;gjw;Fk;

fhuzkha;

,Ue;Js;sJ.

fp.gp.16k;

E}w;whz;by;

rigapy;

rPhj
; ;jpUj;jj;ij

Vw;gLj;jpa khl;bd; Y}j;jhpd; tho;T khw;wkile;J> mth; rigiar; rPhj

; pUj;j
fhuzk;> mth; Nuhkh; epUgj;jpd; %yk; fpwp];jt khh;ff
; j;jpd; rhpahd
cgNjrj;ij
mwpe;J
nfhz;lNjahFk;.
N[h;kdpapYs;s
\\tpl;ld;Ngh;f|; |
gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; fpwp];jt ,iwapaypy; fyhepjpg; gl;lk; ngw;W> mq;F
Ntjhfkj;ijg; Nghjpf;Fk; tphpTiuahsuhf ,Ue;j khl;bd; Y}j;jh;> Ntjhfk
trdq;fis Mokhf Muha; Kw;gl;lNghJ ngUk; Md;kf
P g; Nghuhl;lq;fSf;F
cl;gl;lhh;. fLikahd xOf;f newpAld; tsh;ff
; g;gl;L> JwTklj;jpy;
fl;Lg;ghLfSld; ghpRj;jkhf tho;eJ
;
te;j Y}j;jh;> Ntjthf;fpaq;fis
Muha;ej
; NghJ Njtd; kf;fsplk; vjph;ghh;fF
; k; ePjpf;Fk;> jd;Dila RaePjpf;Fk;
,ilapy; ghhpa NtWghL ,Ug;gijf; fz;Lnfhz;lhh;. mNjrkak;> kf;fsplk;
ePjpia vjph;ghh;fF
; k; Njtd;> fpUigAk; md;Gk; epiwe;jth; vd;gijAk; khl;bd;
Y}j;jh; Ntjhfkj;jpd; %yk; mwpe;J nfhz;lNghJ mtuJ Mj;kf
P g; Nghuhl;lk;
mjpfhpj;jJ. Mdhy;> mth; Nuhkh; 1:17I Muha;eJ
;
gbf;Fk; NghJ>
\\,NaRfpwp];Jtpy; kdpjd; itf;Fk; tpRthrNk> NjtDf;F Kd;ghf mtid
ePjpkhdhf;FfpwJ|| vd;Dk; cz;ikiaf; fz;Lnfhz;lhh;. ,jdhy;> ,NaR
fpwp];Jit tpRthrpj;J Vw;Wf;nfhz;l khl;bd; Y}j;jh;> jdJ Mj;kf
P g;
Nghuhl;lk;
ePqf
; patuhf>
cs;shd
kdr;rkhjhdj;ijAk;
mDgtpj;jhh;.
cz;ikapy;> Nuhkh; 1:17d; %ykhf> rigapd; rlq;fhr;rhuq;fs;> MrhuKiwfs;>
Mr;rpuk Jwtwtho;T vd;gd kdpjid ePjpkhdhf;fhJ vd;gij mDgthPjpahf
khl;bd; Y}j;jh; mwpe;J nfhz;lhh;. ,jdhy; fp.gp.1517y; rigiar; rPhj
; pUj;Jk;
gzpfis Muhk;gpj;jhh;. ,J fpwp];jt rigapd; rhpj;jpuj;ijNa khw;wptpl;lJ.15
fpwp];jt rigapd;
NuhkUf;F vOjpa
fh;jj
; hthd N[hd;
Mz;L Nk khjk;

rPh;jpUj;jj;jpw;F kl;Lky;y> rigapd; kWkyh;r;rpf;Fk; gTy;

epUgNk fhuzkha; cs;sJ. \\nkjb];l|; | rigapd; Muk;g
nt];yp> kdKile;J Nrhh;tile;jpUe;j epiyapy; 1738k;
24k; jpfjp yz;ld; efhpy; eilngw;w $l;lnkhd;wpw;Fr;

14

fp.gp.387y; Qhd];ehdk; ngw;w xf];Bd; 395y; tl Mgphpf;f rigapd; jiytuhfpdhh;. 395

Kjy; 430 tiu \\`pg;Nghg;|| vd;Dkplj;jpypUe;j rigapd; jiytuhfg; gzpGhpe;jhh;. gy
fpwp];jt ,iwapay; E}y;fis vOjpAs;s ,th;> Nuhkd; fj;Njhypf;fr; rigapduhy; \\J}a
xf];Bdhff;|| fUjg;gLtNjhL> 16k; E}w;whz;L rPh;jpUj;jthjpfspd; tho;tpYk; jdJ Gj;jfq;f
spd; %yk; ngUk; nry;thf;F nrYj;jpAs;shh; (J.D.Woodbridge, ed., Great Leaders of the Christian
Church, pp. 85-90; G.Hanks, 70 Great Christians Changing the World, pp. 50-54).
15
khl;bd; Y}j;jhpd; rPh;jpUj;jg; gzpapd; tpisthfNt> rlq;fhr;rhuq;fSf;Fk; khdplg;
ghuk;ghpaq;fSf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;Jte;j Nuhk rigapapd; MjPff
; j;jpypUe;J fpwp];jt
rig tpLgl;L rPh;jpUj;j Gul;l];jhe;J rigfs; cUthfpd.

3
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

nrd;whh;. mq;F Nuhkh; epUgj;jpw;F khl;bd; Y}j;jh; vOjpa KfTiuapypUe;J

xU
gpurq;fk;
nra;ag;gl;lJ.
,r;nra;jp
nt];ypapDila
Md;kf
P f;
Nfs;tpfSf;F gjpyha; mike;jNjhL> mtiu ,ul;rpg;Gf;Fs;Sk; topelj;jpaJ.
,ijg; gw;wp mth; jd;Dila ehl;Fwpg;gpy; \\vd; ,jak; c~;zkiltij
czh;eN
; jd;.

,ul;rpg;Gf;fhf

czh;eN
; jd;.

vd;Dila

,NaRfpwp];Jit

ghtq;fs;

vy;yhk;

kl;Lk;

ehd;

tpRthrpg;gjhf

kd;dpf;fg;gl;Ltpl;lJ

vd;Dk;

cWjp vdf;F Vw;gl;lJ|| vd;W vOjpAs;shh;. N[hd; nt];ypapd; tho;tpy;

md;iwa jpdk; Vw;gl;l Mtpf;Fhpa khw;wNk> nkjb];l; rig cUthFtjw;Fk;>
gpw;fhyj;jpy; cyfpd; gy ehLfSf;F ,r;rig kp~dhpfis mDg;gp
me;ehLfspy;
fpwp];jtk;
guTtjw;Ff;
fhuzkha;
,Ue;jJ.
NkYk;>
\\Nkl;rg;gpuahzk;|| vd;Dk; gpugykhd E}iy vOjpa \\N[hd; gdpad;||
vd;gtUila tho;T khw;wkiltjw;Fk; gTy; NuhkUf;F vOjpa epUgNk
fhuzkha;
,Ue;Js;sJ.
rhjhuz
xU
njhopyhspahapUe;j
gdpad;
rpiwapypUf;Fk; NghJ> Nuhkh; epUgj;jpd; rj;jpaq;fs; mtUila kdijg;
gw;wpg;gpbj;jikapdhy; mtuJ tho;fi
; f khw;wkile;jJ. ,jd; tpisthf mth;
Mapuf;fzf;fhd kf;fSila Mtpf;Fhpa tho;Tf;Fg; gadspj;j Nkhl;rg;
gpuahzk; vd;Dk; E}iy vOjpdhh;.
fpwp];jt rigapd; rhpj;jpuj;jpy; Vw;gl;l rPhj
; pUj;jk;> kWkyh;rr
; p> vOg;Gjy;
midj;jpw;Fk;> gTy; Nuhkh; epUgj;jpy; vOjpAs;s rj;jpaNk fhuzkha;
,Ue;Js;sJ. cz;ikapy;> fpwp];jt rigapd; jiyth;fSila tho;fi
; fapy;
kl;Lky;y> Nfhbf;fzf;fhd rhjhuz kf;fSila tho;tpYk; Nuhkh; epUgk;
ngUk; nry;thf;F nrYj;jpAs;sJ. ,jdhy;> ,d;Wk;$l ,e;epUgj;ijf;
fUj;Jld; thrpg;gth;fs; Mtpf;Fhpa MrPht
; hjq;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdh;.
,ij mwpe;jpUe;j 4k; E}w;whz;ilr; Nrh;ej
;
rigg;gpjhthd \\N[hd;
16
fpwp];nrh];njhk;|| (fp.gp.350-407) vd;gth;>
Nuhkh; epUgj;jpy; jhd; nra;j
gpurq;fq;fis xU fpoikf;F ,uz;L jlitfs; ,d;DnkhUth; thrpf;ff;
Nfl;Lf;nfhz;bUg;gijj; jd; gof;fkhff; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. rigr;rhP ;jpUj;jthjp
khl;bd; Y}j;jh;> \\Nuhkh; epUgk; KOtijAk; trdk; trdkhf kddk; nra;J
xt;nthU ehSk; ,t;trdq;fis ehk; jpahdpf;fNtz;Lk;|| vd;W mwpTWj;jp
As;sNjhL> \\,e;epUgj;NjhL ehk; vt;tsT Neuk; nrytopf;fpd;NwhNkh> me;j
mstpw;F MrPht
; hjj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Nthk;|| vd;Wk;> ,JNt ekJ md;whl
Mtpf;Fhpa czthf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;|| vd;Wk; njhptpj;Js;shh;.17 cz;ikapy;
gpugy Ntj tpahf;fpahdp \\kj;jpA n`d;wp|| Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghy> \\gTypDila
Vida epUgq;fs; el;rj;jpuq;fisg; Nghy gpufhrpf;ifapy; mth; NuhkUf;F
vOjpa epUgk; kl;Lk; #hpaidg; Nghy ntspr;rk; jUfpd;wJ.|| vdNt>
16

,th; Muk;gj;jpy; \\me;jpNahfpa|| rigapy; gpurq;fpahfTk;> gpw;fhyj;jpy; \\nfhd;];jhe;jp

Nehgps;|| rigapd; gp~g;ghfTk; gzpahw;wpdhh;.
17

Cf. Preface of Luthers Commentary on Romans.

4
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

fpwp];jth;fshfpa ehk; midtUk; ,e;epUgj;ijf; fpukkhd Kiwapy; thrpj;J>

,jd; nra;jpia rhpahdtpjj;jpy; mwpe;J nfhs;sNtz;baJ mtrpak;.

Nuhk rigapd;
rigapd; cUthf;fk;
mg;Ngh];jydhfpa

gTy;

vOjpa

epUgq;fspy;>

mtuhy;

];jhgpf;fg;glhj

rigf;F vOjg;gl;l fbjkhf mth; Nuhk rigf;F vOjpa epUgk; cs;sJ.18

mJkl;Lky;y> gTy; ,e;epUgj;ij Nuhk rigf;F vOjpdhYk;> mf;fhyj;jpy;
mth; mr;rigapd; tpRthrpfis KfKfkhar; re;jpf;fhjtuhfNt ,Ue;jhh;.19
gTy;
fpwp];jtuhfpajd;
gpd;dh;
gy
jlitfs;
NuhKf;Fr;
nrd;W
RtpNr~j;ij mwptpf;f Kw;gl;l NghjpYk;> mjw;F vt;tpj re;jh;gg
; Kk;
20
mtUf;Ff; fpilf;ftpy;iy (Nuh.1:10-13). cz;ikapy;> ,d;DnkhUth; Nghl;l
mj;jpthuj;jpd; Nky; jhd; rigiaf; fl;lf;$lhJ vd;Dk; nfhs;ifAld; gTy;
,Ue;jikapdhNyNa> Vw;fdNt xU rig ,Ue;j NuhKf;Fr; nry;tij mth;
jtph;jJ
;
te;jhh; (Nuh.15:21-22). ,jdhy;> Nuhk rig vt;thW cUthdJ
vd;gijg; gw;wp mg;Ngh];jyUila elgbfs; Gj;jfj;jpy; vJTk; Fwpg;gplg;gl
tpy;iy.
rpy fpwp];jt ghuk;ghpaq;fs;> mg;Ngh];jydhfpa NgJUtpdhNyNa Nuhk rig
];jhgpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W $wpdhYk;> ,it ek;gfkw;wJk;> rhpj;jpu Mjhukw;wJ
khd fw;gidf; fijfshfNt cs;sd.21 Nuhk rig cz;ikapNyNa
NgJUtpdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy;> NgJUitg; gw;wp gTy; VjhtJ
vOjpapUg;ghh;. NgJUitg; gw;wp ve;j xU Fwpg;Gk; gTy; NuhkUf;F vOjpa
epUgj;jpy; ,y;yhjpUg;gjdhy;> mr;rig NgJUtpdhy; ];jhgpf;fg;gltpy;iy
vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fspy; xd;whf cs;sJ.22 cz;ikapy;> NgJU NuhKf;Fr;
nry;tjw;Fk; Kd;Ng> mth; vUrNykpypUe;j fhyj;jpNyNa Nuhkpy; rig
,Ue;jJ.23 \\Nuhkh; epUgj;jpy; gTy; NgJUTf;F tho;jJ
; r; nra;jpnahd;iwf;
Fwpg;gplhky;
,Ug;gJk;>
mf;fhyj;jpy;
NgJU
Nuhkpy;
,Uf;ftpy;iy
18

Nuhkh; epUgj;jpd; Kjyhk; trdj;jpy; mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTNy ,e;epUgj;ij vOjpath;

vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs; ,e;epUgk; gTypdhNyNa vOjg;gl;lJ
vd;gjpy; vt;tpj re;NjfKk; ,y;iy vd;gij mwpaj;je;Js;sdh;. ,jdhy;> Ntjhfkj;jpd;
Vida Gj;jfq;fisg;Nghy> ,e;epUgj;ij vOjpath; ahh; vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;Nfh>
my;yJ> gTNy ,e;epUgj;ij vOjpdhh; vd;gij ep&gpg;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fisj; NjLtjw;Nfh
vt;tj mtrpaKk; Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fSf;F ,Jtiuapy; Vw;gl;ljpy;iy.
19
fpwp];jtuhfpa gpd;dh; gTy; Kjw; jlitahf fp.gp. 60k; Mz;bNyNa NuhKf;Fr; nrd;whh;.
Mdhy; mth; NuhkUf;F vOjpa epUgk; fp.gp.56y; vOjg;gl;lJ.
20
gTy; NuhKf;Fr; nry;Yk; NghJ Nuhk murpd; ifjpahfNt fp.gp.60y; mq;F nrd;whh;.
21
fp.gp.180 mstpy; NgJU kl;Lky;y gTYk; Nrh;eN
; j Nuhk rigia ];jhgpj;jdh; vd;W rigg;
gpjhf;fspy; xUtuhf ,Nudpa]; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh; (Adv. Haer.3.1.2.). gpw;fhy rigg; ghuk;ghpaq;fs;
NgJUNt Nuhk rigapd; ];jhgfUk; KjyhtJ gp~g;Gkhf ,Ue;jjhff; $Wfpd;wd. Mdhy;
gTy; rig tpRthrpfisj; jdpg;gl hPjpahf mwpahjtuhfNt ,Ue;jhh; vd;gij Nukh;
epUgj;jpy; mth; vOjpAs;s tplaq;fs; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wd (Nuh.1:10> 1:13> 15:22). vdNt> gTy;
Nuhk rigia ];jhgpj;jhh; vd;W $WtJ jtwFk;.
22
23

D.Guthrie, New Testament Introduction, pp. 393-394.

A.Wikenhauser, New Testament Introduction, p. 399.

5
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

vd;gjw;fhd Mjhukhf cs;sJ.||24 NkYk;> mg;Ngh];jyh; 15k; mjpfhuj;jpy;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s rk;gtk; fp.gp.49y; eilngw;wJ. mr;rkak; NgJU vUrNykpy;
,Ue;Js;sij mt;tjpfhuk; mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ. mjw;Fk; Kw;gl;l fhyj;jpy;
NgJU vUrNyKf;F ntspapy; FWfpa J}uKs;s ,lq;fSf;F kl;LNk
nrd;Ws;shh;

(mg;.9:32-11:18).

,Ue;Js;sikahy;>
KbahJ.

Mdhy;

NgJUtpdhy;

Nuhk

mjw;Fk;
rig

Kd;Ng

Nuhkpy;

];jhgpf;fg;gl;lJ

vd;W

rig
$w

25

fp.gp.49w;Fk; Kw;gl;l fhyj;jpy; Nuhkpy; fpwp];jt rig ,Ue;Js;s ikf;F

,d;DnkhU Mjhuk; \\Nrhl;Nlhdpa];|| vd;Dk; Nuhk tuyhw;whrphpahpd;
Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;sJ. NuhkpypUe;j A+jh;fs; kj;jpapy; ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd;
ngauhy; mbf;fb fytuq;fs; Vw;gl;L te;jikahy;> fp.gp.49y; Nuhkr;
rf;futh;jj
; pahd
\\fpyTjpA
uhad;||
NukpypUe;j
A+jh;fis
efiutpl;L
ntspNaw;wpAs;sjhfr; Nrhl;Nlhdpa];rpd; tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;G mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ.26
,t;thW fp.gp.49y; NuhkpypUe;J ntspNaw;wg;gl;l A+jh;fspy; Mf;fpy;yhTk;
gphp];fpy;yhTk; Vw;fdNt fpwp];jth;fshf ,Ue;jikahy; (mg;.18:2)>27 mjw;Fk;
Kw;gl;l fhyj;jpNyNa Nuhkpy; fpwp];jt rig ,Ue;Js;sJ njspthfpd;wJ.28
vdNt> NgJU NuhKf;Fr; nry;tjw;Fk; Kd;Ng Nuhkpy; rig ,Ue;Js;sij
vt;tpjj;jpYk; kWf;fKbahJs;sJ. cz;ikapy;> \\,aNRfpwp];Jtpd; caph;j;
njOjy; eilngw;w tUlj;jpw;F mLj;j tUlj;jpNyNa mtiu Nkrpahthf
Vw;Wf;nfhz;l A+jh;fs; Nuhkpy; ,Ue;jdh;.||29
Nuhk rig NghJUtpdhNyNah> gTypdhNyNah ,y;iynad;why; NtW ve;j
xU mg;Ngh];jyhpdhNyh ];jhgpf;fg;gltpy;iy.30 mg;Ngh];jyh;fspdhNyNa
rigfis ];jhgpf;f KbAk;> my;yJ mth;fs; %ykhf mw;Gj milahsq;fs;
ntspg;gl;lhy; kl;LNk rigfs; cUthFk; vd;Dk; rpyuJ cgNjrk;
KOikahf
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba
fUj;J
my;y
vd;gJ
,jpypUe;J

24

E.F.Harrison, Introduction to the New Testament, p. 301.

Oscar Cullmann, Peter: Disciple, Apostle, Martyr, pp. 72-157.
26
Suetonius, Life of Claudius, 25.2. ,J gw;wp mg;Ngh];jyh; 18:2Yk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
25

27

mg;Ngh];jyh; 88:2y;> nfhhpe;J gl;lzj;jpw;Fr; nrd;w gTy; (mg;.18:1)> \\A+jnuy;yhUk;

NuhkhGhpia tpl;Lg; NghFk;gb fpyTjpuhad; fl;lisapl;lgbapdhNy> ,j;jhypahtpypUe;J
(,j;jhypapd; jiy efuNk Nuhk;) Gjpjha; te;jpUe;j nghe;J Njrj;jhdhfpa Mf;fpy;yh vd;Dk;
ehkKs;s xU A+jidAk; mtd; kidtpahfpa gphp];fpy;yhisAk; mq;Nf fz;L> mth;fsplj;
jpw;Fg; Nghdhd;|| vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
28
NgJUtpdhy; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;l rigf;Fg; gTy; Nuhkh; 1:8-15y; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s tpjkhd xU
tp[aj;jpw;F jpl;lkpl;bUe;jhh; vd;W $wKbahJ (D.A.Carson, D.J.Moo, & L.Morris, An Introduction to
the New Testament, p. 242).
29
F.J.Foakes-Jackson, Peter: Prince of Apostles, p. 195.
30

fp.gp.4k; E}w;whz;ilr; Nrh;ej

;
rigf; Fwpg;Gfs;> NgJUTk; gTYk; Nuhkpy; kuzkile;
Js;sijg; gw;wp mwpaj;jUfpd;w NghjpYk; (Clement of Rome Ad Cor. v.4), mth;fs; Nuhkpy;
rigia ];jhgpj;jijg; gw;wp ,f;Fwpg;Gfs; vJTk; $wtpy;iy (D.Guthrie, New Testament
Introduction, p. 394).

6
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

njspthfpd;wJ.31
cz;ikapy;>
Nuhk
rig
rhjhuz
tpRthrpfspdhy;
cUthf;fg;gl;l xU rigahFk;. nge;njnfh];Nj jpdj;jd;W NuhkpypUe;J
vUrNyKf;F te;jpUe;j A+jh;fspy; rpyh; ,NaRfpwp];Jit Nkrpahthf
Vw;Wf;nfhz;L ,ul;rpf;fg;gl;ldh; (mg;.2:10). ,th;fs; kWgbAkhfj; jq;fs;
nrhe;j

ehl;Lf;Fj;

jpUk;gpr;

nrd;w

gpd;dh;

mq;Fs;s

kw;w

A+jh;fSf;Fk;

,NaRfpwp];Jitg; gw;wp mwptpj;J te;jikahy; Nuhkpy; xU fpwp];jt rig

cUthfpaJ.32 ,jpypUe;J rhjhuz tpRthrpfspdhYk; rigfis cUthf;f
KbAk; vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ. mg;Ngh];jyh;fSk; Vida Copaf;fhuh;fSk;
kl;Lky;y fpwp];jth;fs; midtUNk ,NaRfpwp];Jtpw;Fr; rhl;rpahf ,Ue;J>
kw;wth;fSf;Fr; RtpNr~j;ij mwptpj;J rigfis cUthf;f flikg;gl;Ls;
shh;fs;. Kjyhk; E}w;whz;by; vUrNykpy; ,Ue;j rigf;F cgj;jputq;fs;
Vw;gl;L rig tpRthrpfs; rpjwpg;Nghd fhyj;jpYk; mth;fs; vq;Fe;jphpe;J
RtpNr~j;ij mwptpj;jij mg;Ngh];jyh; 8:1-4 mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ. ,jd; %yk;
cUthd rigfspy; xd;Nw me;jpNahfpahtpypUe;j rigahFk;. cgj;jputk;
fhuzkhf
rpjwpg;Nghd
tpRthrpfspdhNyNa
RtpN~j;ij
mwptpf;f
KbAnkd;why; nrsfhpakhf thOk; ehk; mijtpl mjpfkhf mwptpf;ff;
flikg;gl;Ls;Nshk; vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy.33

Nuhk rigapd; tpRthrpfs;

nge;njnfh];Nj ehspy; ,NaRfpwp];Jit Vw;Wf;nfhz;l A+jh;fspd; RtpNr~g;
gzpapdhy; Nuhkpy; cUthd rigapy; Muk;gj;jpy; A+jh;fNs mjpfkhf
31

E.F.Harrison, Introduction to the New Testament, p. 302. fp.gp.4k; E}w;whz;ilr; Nrh;ej

;
\\mk;GNuhrpa];lh;|| vd;Dk; rigg; gpjh> Nuhk rigahdJ ve;j xU mg;Ngh];jyidAk;>
mw;Gjq;fisAk; fhzhj epiyapy; cUthdJ|| vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh; (Ambrosiaster, Patrologia
Latina, col.46).
32

nge;njnfh];Nj ehspy; ,ul;rpf;fg;gl;l A+jh;fs; rigia ];jhgpf;ff;$ba msTf;F Ntjhfk

mwpTk; fpwp];jt mDgtKk; mw;wth;fs; vd;Dk; rpyuJ jh;ff
; k; (W.Sanday & A.C.Headlam,
Romans: International Critical Commentary, p. xxviii) Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$banjhd;wy;y.
A+j
fpwp];jth;fs; gioa Vw;ghl;L Ntjthf;fpaq;fis ed;fwpe;jpUe;jikahy; mth;fis Ntj
mwpT Fiwe;jth;fs; vd;W $wKbahJ (D.Guthrie, New Testament Introduction, p. 394). NkYk;>
mg;Ngh];jyh;fs; ,y;yhj epiyapy; xU rig cUthf KbahJ vd;Dk; ,th;fsJ jh;f;fKk;
cz;ikf;Fk; Gwk;ghdJ (B.Wiss, Manual Introduction to the New Testament, p. 295). vUrNyk; rigf;F
cgj;jputk; Vw;gl;l fhyj;jpy; mg;Ngh];jyh;fs; vUrNykpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ> rpjwpg;Nghd
tpRthrpfs; RtpNr~j;ij mwptpj;J rigia cUthf;fpAs;sdh; (mg;.8:1-4). mg;Ngh];jyh;
8:4y;> \\vq;Fe;jphpe;J|| vd;W jkpopy; nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;Ls;s nrhw;gpuNahfk; (%ynkhopapy;)
elgbfs; Gj;jfj;jpy; \\RtpNr~g; gzpgpuahzj;jpw;F cgNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;s rpwg;ghdnjhU
gjkhFk;.|| mNjNghy> ,t;trdj;jpy; \\RtpNr~trdj;ijg; gpurq;fpj;jhh;fs;|| vd;gJk; RtpNr~g;
gzpapy; <LgLk; kp~dhpfspd; gzpiaf; Fwpg;gpl Y}f;fh cgNahfpj;Js;s nrhw;gpuNahfkhFk;||
(.J.Williams, Acts: New International Biblical Commentary, p. 154). vdNt> rpjwpg;Nghd tpRthrpfSk;
mg;Ngh];jyh;fisg; NghyNt RtpNr~g;gzpapy; <Lgl;Ls;sdh; vd;gij kWf;fKbahJs;sJ.
33
\\me;jpNahfpa rigapypUe;j tpRthrpfspdhNyNa Nuhk rig cUthdJ|| (E.F.Harrison,
Introduction to the New Testament, p. 300) vd;Dk; rpyuJ fUj;J Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,y;iy.
nge;njnfh];Nj ehspy; NuhkpypUe;J A+jh;fs; vUrNyKf;F te;jpUe;jijg; gw;wp mwpaj;jUk;
mg;Ngh];jyUila elgbfs; me;jpNahfpahtpypUe;J tpRthrpfs; NuhKf;Fr; nrd;wijg; gw;wp
vJTk; $wtpy;iy. NkYk;> vUrNykpypUe;J me;jpNahfpahtpw;F tpRthrpfspdhy; RtpNr~k;
nrd;wijg; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk; Y}f;fh (mg;.11:19-20). me;jpNahfpa rigapypUe;J gTYk; ghdghTk;
gpw;fhyj;jpy; kp~dhpfshf RtpNr~g;gzpf;fhf NtW ehLfSf;Fr; nrd;wijg; gw;wp
mwpaj;je;jhYk; (mg;.13) ,r;rigapd; tpRthrpfs; RtpNr~g; gzpapy; <Lgl;lJ gw;wp vJTk;
$wtpy;iy.

7
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

,Ue;jdh;.34 Mdhy;> fp.gp.49y; A+jh;fs; NuhkpypUe;J ntspNaw;wg;gl;l gpd;dh;

Gw[hjpahhpd; vz;zpf;if rigapy; mjpfhpj;jJ. fp.gp.49y; cUthd A+jh;fis
ntspNaw;Wk; rl;lk; rpy tUlq;fspd; gpd;dh; jsh;jj
; g;gl;likahy; kWgbAk;
35
A+jh;fs; Nuhkpy; FbNawj; njhlq;fpdh;. ,jdhy;> gTy; NuhkUf;F epUgk;
vOjpa

fhyj;jpy;

Nuhk

rig

A+jh;-Gw[hjpahh;

,UtiuAk;

cs;slf;fpa

rigahf ,Ue;jJ. mf;fhyj;jpy; A+jh;fNs Nuhk rigapy; ngUk;ghd;ikapduhf

,Ue;jjhfr; rpy Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs; fUJifapy;> Vidath;fs; rigapy;
Gw[hjpapdNu mjpfstpy; ,Ue;jjhff; $Wfpd;wdh;.
Nuhk rigapy; A+jh;fNs mjpfstpy; ,Ue;jdh; vd;W jh;ff
; pg;gth;fs;> Nuhkh;
8Kjy; 11tiuapyhd mjpfhuq;fspNyNa ,e;epUgj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd tplaq;fs;
,Ug;gjfTk;> ,t;tjpfhuq;fs; A+jh;fisg; gw;wpait vd;gjdhy; epUgj;jpd;
gpujhd tplak; A+jh;fSf;Nf vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;Wk;> ,jdhy; Nuhk rigapy;
A+jf; fpwp];jth;fNs mjpfkhf ,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; $Wfpd;wdh;.36
NkYk;> Nuhkh; epUgj;jpy; vOjg;gl;Ls;s tplaq;fs;> mjhtJ Mgpufhk; Nuhk
fpwp];jth;fspd; jfg;gdhff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJk; (Nuh.4:1)> mjpfsT gioa
Vw;ghl;L trdq;fs; cgNahfpf;fg;gl;bUg;gJk; ,jw;fhd rpy Mjhuq;fshfr;
Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd.37 ,tw;iwj; jtpu> epUgj;jpy; A+jf;fpwp];jth;fSf;Fj;
jdpg;gl;l hPjpahd tho;jJ
; jy; nrhy;yg;gl;bUg;gJk; (Nuh.16:3>16:7>16:11)> rpy
trdq;fs; jdpg;gl;lhPjpahf A+jUld; NgRtJ Nghy vOjg;gl;bUg;gJk;
(Nuh.2:17)>38 epUgj;jpd; thrfh;fs; gioa Vw;ghl;L epahag;gpukhzj;NjhL
njhlh;Gilath;fshfr; rpj;jhpf;fg;gl;bUg;gJk; (Nuh.6:14-15>7:1>7:4)>39 epUgj;jpd;
ngUk;ghyhd gFjpapy; A+jf;fpwp];jth;fNshL rk;ge;jg;gl;l tplaq;fs; vOjg;
gl;bUg;gJk; (Nuh.2:1-3:8> 3:19-20> 3:27-31> 4:12-15> 5:13-14> 5:20> 6:14> 7:1-8:4> 9:3010:8) Nuhk rigapy; A+jf;fpwp];jth;fNs mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhh;fs; vd;gjw;fhd

34

fp.K.63y; nghk;gp vd;gtd; A+Njahitf; ifg;gw;wp gyiu NuhKf;Ff; ifjpfshff;

nfhz;LNghdhd;. gpw;fhyj;jpy; ,th;fs; tpLtpf;fg;gl;L Nuhkpy; FbNaw;wg;gl;ldh;. ,jdhy;>
fp.K.59y; fdprkhd msT kf;fisf; nfhz;l A+jf; FbapUg;G Nuhkpy; ,Ue;jJ. fp.gp.19k;
Mz;by; ijgPhpa]; vd;Dk; Nuhk rf;futhj;jp A+jh;fis NuhkpypUe;J ntspNaw;wpdhYk;
rpytUlq;fspd; gpd;dh; kWgbAkhf A+jh;fspd; vz;zpf;if Nuhkpy; mjpfhpj;jJ. fp.gp.49y;
,uz;lhtJ jlitahf A+jh;fs; NuhkpypUe;J ntspNaw;wg;gl;l gpd;Gk; rpy tUlq;fspd; gpd;dh;
kWgbAk; A+jh;fs; Nuhkpy; FbNawpdh;. ,jdhy; Kjyhk; E}w;whz;bd; ,Wjpg;gFjpapy; Nuhk;
efuf; Fbj;njhifapy; A+jh;fspd; gq;F fdprkhd msT ,Ue;jJ. (H.J.Leon, The Jews of Ancient
Rome, pp. 4-9; W.Wield, The Jewish Community in Ancient Rome and the Origins of Roman Christianity in
The Romans Debate. pp. 101-108).
35
fp.gp.49y; Nuhik tpl;Lr; nrd;w Mf;fpy;yhTk; gphp];fpy;yhYk; rpy tUlq;fspd; gpd;dh;
kWgbAkhf Nuhkpy; ,Ug;gij Nuhkh; 16:3 mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ.
36
37

Renan, Saint Paul, p. 254.

William Manson, New Testament Essays, pp. 150-151; W.Manson, The Epistle to the Hebrews, pp. 172-184.

38

Nuhkh; 2:17-18y; \\eP A+jndd;W ngah;ngw;W> epahag;gpukhzj;jpd;Nky; gw;WjyhapUe;J>

Njtidf; Fwpj;J Nkd;ik ghuhl;b> epahag;gpukhzj;jpdhy; cgNjrpf;fg;gl;ltdha; mtUila
rpj;jj;ij mwpe;J ed;ik jPik ,d;dnjd;W tifaWf;fpwhNa|| vd;W gTy; jd; thrfh;fsplk;
Nfl;Ls;shh;.
39
Nuhkh;7:1y; \\epahag;gpukhzj;ij mwpe;jpUf;fpwth;fSlNd NgRfpNwd;|| vd;W vOJk; gTy;>
6:14-15y;> jd; thrfh;fs; jw;NghJ \\epahag;gpukhzj;jpw;Ff; fPohdth;fs; my;y|| vd;Wk;>
mth;fs; epahag;gpukhzj;jpw;F khpj;jth;fs;|| vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.

8
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

Mjhuq;fshff; fUjg;gLfpd;wd.40 ,j;jifa tplaq;fisr; Rl;bf;fhLfpwth;fs;>

Nukrigapy; xU rpy Gw[hjpf; fpwp];jth;fNs ,Ue;jdh; vd;W fUJfpd;wdh;.41
Nukh; epUgj;jpy; cs;s A+jf;fpwp];jth;fisg; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfis> mth;fs;
rigapy; ngUk;ghd;ikapduhf ,Ue;jikf;fhd Mjhuq;fshf Vw;Wf;nfhs;shj
Ntj

Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs;>
42

vd;W jh;ff
; pg;gNjhL>

rigapy; A+jh;fs;

rpWghd;ikapduhfNt ,Ue;jdh;

rigapy; Gw[hjpapdh; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jjw;Nf mjpf

Mjuq;fs; cs;sjhff; $Wfpd;wdh;. ,th;fs;> Nuhkh; 1:5-6> 11:13-24 15:14-21

Nghd;w trdq;fspy; gTy; Neubahfg; Gw[hjpf;fpwp];jth;fNshL NgRtijr;
Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wdh;.43
NkYk;>
rpWghd;i
; kapduhd
A+jh;fisNa
gTy;
\\gytPdkhd rNfhjuh;|| (14:1-15:13) vd;Dk; milnkhopAld; miog;gjhfTk;>44
\\ePqf
; s; xUtiunahUth; Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sq;fs;|| (Nuh.15:7) vd;Dk; fl;lis
Gw[hjpahUf;Nf nghUj;jkhdJ vd;Wk; $Wfpd;wdh;.45 NkYk;> epUgj;jpd;
Muk;gj;jpy; gTy; jd; thrfh;fisg; Gw[hjpahuhfNt Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sNjhL>
A+jh;fis \\ekJ rNfhjuh;|| vd;W thrfh;fisAk; jd;NdhL Nrh;jJ
; f;
Fwpg;gplhky; \\jdJ|| vd;W jd;id kl;LNk A+jh;fspd; rNfhjuuhff;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJk; rigapy; Gw[hjpf; fpwp];jth;fspd; vz;zpf;ifNa mjpfkhf
,Ue;jJ vd;gjw;fhd Mjhuq;fspy; xd;whf cs;sjhfTk; $Wfpd;wdh;.46
gTy; NuhkUf;F vOjpa epUgj;jpy; A+jh;fSf;Fk; Gw[hjpahUf;Fk; chpa
tplaq;fs; cs;s NghjpYk;> ,tw;wpd; msit mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L>
rigapy; vt;tpdj;jpdh; mjpfkhf ,Ue;jdh; vd;gij KbT nra;tJ rhpahd
xU Kiwahf ,y;iy.47 A+jiuAk; Gw[hjp[ahiuAk; gw;wpa tplaq;fs; Nuhkh;
epUgj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ> Nuhk rigapy; ,U ,dj;jtUk; mq;fj;jpdh;fshf
,Ue;Js;sijNa Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ. mf;fhy rhpj;jpu> kw;Wk; fpilf;ff;$ba
jfty;fs; midj;ijAk; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L ghf;Fk;NghJ Nuhk rigapy;
Gw[hjpahhpd; vz;zpf;ifNa mjpfkhf ,Ue;Js;sij kWf;fKbahJs;sJ.48
Nuhkh; epUgj;jpy; gioa Vw;ghl;ilAk; epahag;gpukhzj;ijAk; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs;
mjpfkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gjw;fhf ,J A+jfpwp];jth;fSf;F vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ
vd;W $wKbahJ. fyhj;jpaUf;F gTy; vOjpa epUgj;jpYk;> epahag;gpukhzj;
40

D.A.Carson, D.J.Moo, & L.Morris, An Introduction to the New Testament, p. 243.

Theodore Zahn, Introduction to the New Testament Volume 11, p. 422.Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 1953.
42
W.Wield, The Jewish Community pp. 109-113.
43
D.A.Carson, D.J.Moo, & L.Morris, An Introduction to the New Testament, pp. 243-244.
44
Ibid. p. 245.
45
Ibid. p. 244.
46
E.F.Harrison, Introduction to the New Testament, p. 301.

41

47

rpy Ntj Muha;r;rpahsh;fs;> Nuhkh; epUgj;jpy; Ie;J gFjpfs; ,Ug;gjhfTk;> ,it

jdpg;gl;l Ie;J FOtpdUf;F vOjg;gl;Ls;sjhfTk; fUJfpd;wdh; (P.Minear, The Obedience of
Faith: The Purpose of Paul in the Epistles of Romans). Mdhy;> ,j;jifa gphpTfs; Nuhkh; epUgj;jpy;
,Ug;gjw;Fg; Nghjpa Mjhuq;fs; ,y;iy.
48

J.Munck, Paul and the Salvation of Mankind, pp. 200-209.

9
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

ijg; gw;wpa gy tplaq;fs; cs;sd. Mdhy;> me;epUgk; Gw[hjpf;fpwp];jth;

fSf;F vOjg;gl;Ls;sij vtUk; kWg;gjpy;iy. Gw[hjpf;fpwp];jth;fs; gioa
Vw;ghl;ilAk; epahag;gpukhzj;ijAk; mwpahjth;fs; vd;Wk; $wKbahJ.
vdNt> epahag;gpukhzj;ijg; gw;wpa tplaq;fs; A+jfpwp];jth;fSf;F kl;LNk
vOjg;gl;Ls;sd

vd;W

$Wtjw;fpy;iy.

NkYk;>

\\NuhkpypUe;j

Gw[hjpf;

fpwp];jth;fspy; ngUk;hghyhdth;fs; Muk;gj;jpy; A+jn[ghyaj;NjhL njhlh;G

nfhz;bUe;jth;fshth;.||49

,jdhy;

gpukhzj;ijAk;

mwpahjth;fshfTk;>

gw;wp

,th;fs;

gioa
gTy;

Vw;ghl;ilAk;
,J

gw;wp

epahag;
vOJk;

tplaq;fSf;F vt;tpj njhlh;Gk; mw;wth;fshfTk; ,Ue;jhh;fs; vd;Wk;

$wKbahJ. cz;ikapy;> \\A+jh;fs; kl;Lky;y Gw[hjpahUk; gioa Vw;ghl;L
epahag;gpukhzk; vt;thW ,NaRfpwp];Jtpy; epiwNtwpaJ vd;gijAk;> gioa
Vw;ghl;Lf;Fk;> Njtd; gioa Vw;ghl;by; ,];uNty; kf;fSf;F mspj;j
thf;Fj;jj;jq;fs; gw;wpAk; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;bath;fsha; ,Ue;jdh;.
,jdhNyNa gTy; epahag;gpukhzj;ijg; gw;wp mjpfkhf ,e;epUgj;jpy;
vOjpAs;shh;.||50 NkYk;> Mgpufhik Nuhk rigf;fpwp];jth;fspd; jfg;gdhfg;
gTy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sikahy; mth;fs; A+jh;fs; vd;Dk; fUj;Jk; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sf;$bajy;y. Vndd;why;> \\Gw[hjpf; fpwp];jth;fSf;F vOjg;gl;l
nfhhpe;jpah; epUgj;jpy; gTy; gioa Vw;ghl;L kf;fis mth;fSila
gpjhf;fshfNt fUjpAs;shh; (1nfhhp.10:1).||51 cz;ikapy;> Nuhk rigapy; A+jh;
Gw[hjpahh; vd;Dk; ,U ,dj;jtUk; mq;fj;jpdh;fshf ,Ue;jikapdhNyNa
rpy gFjpfspy; gTy; ,th;fNshL Neubahfg; NgRtJ Nghy vOjpAs;shh;.
vdpDk;> ,th;fspy; Gw[hjpf; fpwp];jth;fNs mjpfstpy; ,Ue;jdh; vd;gij
kWg;gjw;fpy;iy.52

Nuhkh; epUgj;jpd; fhyk;

Nukh; epUgk; vf;fhyj;jpy; vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F
epUgj;jpNyNa rpy Fwpg;Gfs; cs;sd.53 gTy; ,e;epUgj;ij vOJk; fhyk;
tiu NuhKf;Fr; nry;yhjtuhfNt ,Ue;jhh; vd;gij Nuhkh; 1:8-15> 15:23-24
mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ. NkYk;> gTy; ,f;fbjj;ij vOJk; fhyj;jpy; kf;nfNjhdpah
mfhah vd;Dk; gpuNjrq;fspy; vUrNyk; rigf;fhfj; jhd; Nrfhpj;j
fhzpf;ifAld; (mg;.19:21> 20:1-3) vUrNyKf;Fg; Nghf Maj;jkhapUe;jhh; vd;W
Nuhkh; 15:24-31y; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. ,J gTy; Nuhkh; epUgj;ij vOJk; fhyj;jpy;

49

D.J.Moo, Romans: Wycliffe Exegetical Commentary Volume 1, pp. 10-13, 44-46.

D.A.Carson, D.J.Moo, & L.Morris, An Introduction to the New Testament, p. 244.
51
D.Guthrie, New Testament Introduction, p. 395.
52
W.Sanday & A.C.Headlam, Romans: International Critical Commentary, p. xxxiii.

50

53

mdhy;> Nuhkh; 15k; 16k; mjpfhuq;fs; gTypd; Muk;g epUgj;jpy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;W $Wk;
Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fspDila fUj;Jf;fis ehk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhy; (,J gw;wp y;
tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ) ,e;epUgk; vOjg;gl;l fhyj;ij ,e;epUgj;jpy; vOjg;gl;l tplaq;fis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L mwpe;J nfhs;s KbahJ.

10
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

mth; vLj;j jPhkhdkhapUg;gij Nuhkh; 15:25 mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ.54 vdNt>

,jpypUe;J> gTy; jdJ %d;whtJ RtpNr~g; gzpg;gpuahzj;jpd; Kbtpy;
Nuhkh; epUgj;ij vOjpAs;shh; vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;Sfpd;Nwhk;.
Nuhkh; 16:1-2y; gTy; nfq;fpNuah Ch; rigapd; Copaf;fhhpahfpa ngNgahis
Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;gb
epUgj;ij

NuhKf;F

mwpTWj;JtjpypUe;J>
vLj;Jr;

ahsh;fsa; fUJfpd;wdh;.

55

nrd;wpUf;f

,tNs

gTy;

Ntz;Lk;

NuhkUf;F

vd;W

Ntj

vOjpa
Muha;rr
; p

nfq;fpNuah nfhhpe;J gl;lzj;jpd; fpof;Ff;fiu

JiwKfkha; ,Ue;jikahy;> gTy; nfhhpe;J gl;lzj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghNj

,e;epUgj;ij vOjpapUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;Sfpd;Nwhk;. NkYk;
gTy; nfhhpe;J gl;lzj;ijr; Nrh;ej
;
vu];J (2jPNkh.4:20)56 kw;Wk; fhA
(1nfhhp.1:14)57
vd;NghUila
tho;jJ
; jy;fisAk;
Nuhk
rigahUf;Fj;
njhptpg;gJk; (Nuh.16:23) ,ij cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ. vdNt Nukh; epUgk; fp.gp.56
mstpy; gTy; nfhhpe;J gl;lzj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ.58

Nuhkh; epUgj;jpd; %yg;gpujpfs;

Nuhkh; epUgj;ijg; gw;wp Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs; kj;jpapy; ,Uf;Fk; rh;ri
; r
59
,d;wpUf;fk; %yg;gpujpfspd; NtWghLfNshL rk;ge;jg;gl;lJ.
,d;wpUf;Fk;
iffspdhy; gpujp gz;zg;gl;l Nuhkh; epUgj;jpd; %yg;gpujpfspy; ,Uf;Fk; rpy
NtWghLfisr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lk; Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs;> Ntjhfkj;jpy; cs;s
Nuhkh; epUgk; jdpg;gl;l xU epUgk; my;y vd;Wk;> ,U epUgq;fs; xd;W
Nrh;ff
; g;gl;l epiyapNyNa Ntjhfkj;jpy; Nuhkh; epUgk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;Wk;
54

Nuhkh; 15:25y; \\,g;nghONjh ghpRj;jthd;fSf;F cjtpnra;Aq;fhhpakhf ehd; vUrNyKf;Fg;

gpuahzk; gz;z vj;jdkhapUf;fpNwd;|| vd;W gTy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.
55

C.Vaughan & B.Corley, Romans: Bible Study Commentary, p. 13.

56

Nuhkh; 16:23y; vu];J \\gl;lzj;J cf;fpuhzf;fhud;|| vd;W gTy; $Wfpd;whh;. rkPg fhyj;jpy;
nfhhpe;J gl;lzj;jpy; GijnghUs; Muha;rr
; pahsh;fspdhy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l fy;ntl;nlhd;wpy;
vu];J vd;gtd; nfhhpe;J gl;lz mjpfhhp vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jpypUe;J gTy;
Fwpg;gpLk; fhA vd;gtNd nfhhpe;J gl;lzj;jpy; mf;fjhyj;jpy; ,Ue;j mjpfhhp vd;gij
mwpe;J nfhs;Sfpd;Nwhk; (D.W.J.Gill. Erastus the Acdile in Tyndale Bulletin. pp. 293-302).
57
Nuhkh; 16:23d;gb gTy; nfhhpe;Jtpy; ,Ue;jNghJ fhA vd;gtNd mtiug; guhkhpj;J te;jhd;.
1nfhhpe;jpah; 1:14y; jhd; nfhhpe;Jtpy; ,Ue;jNghJ fhAtpd; tPll
; hUf;Fj; jhd; Qhd];ehdk;
nfhLj;jjhfg; gTy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.
58
Nuhkh; epUgk; fp.gp.56y; my;yJ 57y; vOjg;gl;lJ vd;gijg; ngUk;ghyhd Ntj
Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;s NghjpYk;> mg;Ngh];jyUila elgbfs; Gj;jfj;jpd;
rhpj;jpu hPjpahd jd;ikia kWjypf;Fk; rpyh; Nuhkh; epUgk; fp.gp.47y; vOjg;gl;lJ vd;Wk;
(Charles Buck & Greer Taylor, Saint Paul: A Study of the Development of His Thought, pp. 170-171). NtW rpyh;
51/52 y; my;yJ 54/55 y; vOjg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W $Wfpd;wdh; (Gerd Ludemann, Paul, Apostle
to the Gentiles: Studies in Chronology, pp. 263). 1nfhhpe;jpah; epUgj;jpw;Fk; Kd;Ng (,J fp.gp.54y;
vOjg;gl;lJ) Nuhkh; epUk; vOjg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; Cfj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; rpy Ntj
Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs; ,J 52w;Fk; 54w;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; vOjg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W
fUJfpd;wdh; (J.R.Richards, Romans and 1Corinthians: Their Chronological Relationship and Comparative
Dates in New Testament Studies. pp. 14-30). Mdhy; ,j;jifa fUj;Jf;fs; mg;Ngh];jyUila
elgbfs; Gj;jf tplaq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk; gTypd; rhpijapd; fhyf;fpuk xOq;F
Kiwia Kuz;gLj;Jk; tpsf;fq;fshfNt cs;sd.
59
fp.gp. 1456y; mr;rpae;jpuk; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;L> Ntjhfkk; mr;rplg;gl;l Gj;jfkhFk; tiu xU
gpujpiag; ghh;jJ
;
vOJtjd; %ykhfNt Ntjhfkj;jpd; gpujpfs; jahhpf;fg;gl;ld. ,j;jifa
ifnaOj;jg; gpujpfNs Ntjhfkj;jpd; %yg;gpujpfs; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.

11
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

$WtNjhL>60 gpw;fhyj;jpy; ,ilf;fpilNa ,e;epUgj;jpd; gy ,lq;fspy; Gjpa

trdq;fs; GFj;jg;gl;Ls;sd61 vd;Wk; fUJfpd;wdh;. Mdhy;> ,j;jifa
tpsf;fq;fs; Nuhkh; epUgj;jpy; ghtpahd kdpjd;
xg;Guthf;fg;gLfpd;whd; vd;Dk; fpwp];jt cgNjrk;
vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ

vd;Dk;

rj;jpaj;ij

NjtNdhL vt;thW
fpukkhd Kiwapy;

kWjypg;gjw;fhf

Kaw;rpahf cs;sNj jtpu cz;ik my;y.

vLf;fg;gl;l

xU

62

Nuhkh; epUgj;jpd; mjpfhuq;fs; Kuz;ghLilait vd;Dk; fUj;J cz;ikf;Fg;

Gwk;ghdJ vd;whYk;> jw;NghJ ,Uf;Fk; ,e;epUgj;jpd; %yg;gpujpfspy; rpy 14k;
mjpfhuj;NjhL Kw;Wg; ngWifapy; NtW rpy gpujpfs; 15k; mjpfhuj;NjhL
Kbtilfpd;wd.63 ,jdhy; ekJ Ntjhfkj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; MrPht
; hj ciu
(mjhtJ 16k; mjpfhuj;jpd; 25 Kjy; 27 tiuapyhd trdq;fs;) ,g;gpujpfspy;
14k; my;yJ 15k; mjpfhuj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; cs;sJ.64 ,jdhy;> gTy; Muk;gj;jpy;
1 Kjy; 14 tiuapyhd mjpfhuq;fis kl;LNk Nuhk rigf;F vOjpdhh;
vd;Wk;> mth; Nuhk rigf;F vOjpa ,uz;lhtJ epUgNk 15k; 16k;
mjpfhuq;fspy; cs;sJ vd;W rpy Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs; fUJfpd;wdh;.65
Mdhy;> 14k; mjpfhuj;jpd; njhlh;rr
; pahfNt 15k; mjpfhuj;jpd; Muk;g
trdq;fs; ,Ug;gjdhy; gTy; NuhkUf;F ,U epUgq;fis vOjpdhh; vd;Dk;
,t;tpsf;fj;ij
Vw;Wf;nfhs;s
KbahJs;sJ.66
vdNt>
ngUk;ghyhd
%yg;gpujpfspy;
Nuhkh;
epUgj;jpd;
filrp
,uz;L
mjpfhuq;fSk;
,y;yhjpUg;gjw;fhd fhuzk; ahnjd;gij ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;baJ
mtrpak;.
\\jhd;
NuhkUf;F
vOjpa
epUgk;
rfy
gpuNjrq;fspYk;
cs;sth;fSf;Fr; nrd;wiltw;fhfg; gTNy jhd; Muk;gj;jpy; vOjpa
epUgj;jpd; filrp ,uz;L mjpfhuq;fisAk; ePff
; pdhh;||67 vd;W rpy Ntjh
60

J.Kinoshita, Romans Two Eritings Combined in Novum Testamentum. pp. 258-277.

Cf. J.C.ONeill, Romans: Penguin New Testament Commentaries. Nuhkh; 13:1-7 gpw;fhyj;jpy;
Nrh;ff
; g;gl;lJ vd;gJ rpyuJ fUj;jhf cs;sJ (J.Kallas, NTS 11 (1965), pp. 365-374). rpyh; Nuhkh;
3:25-26 (C.H.Talbert, JBL lxxxv (1966), pp. 287-296).
62
N.M.Watson, Simplifying the Righteousness of God: A Critique of J.C.ONeills Romans in Scottish Journal
of Theology. pp. 464-469.
61

63

ngUk;ghyhd %yg;gpujpfspYk;> \\ty;Nfl;|| vd;W miof;fg;gLk; Ntjhfkj;jpd; yj;jd

P ;
nkhopngah;gg
; pYk; Nuhkh; 15:1-16:24 KOikahf ,y;iy. NkYk;> Muk;gfhy rigg; gpjhf;fs;
15k; 16k; mjpfhuq;fisg; gw;wp vJTk; vOjhky; ,Ug;gJk; mf;fhyj;jpy; ,t;tpU mjpfhuq;
fSk; Nuhkh; epUgj;jpy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;gjw;fhd Mjhukhf cs;sJ. (D.A.Carson, D.J.Moo, &
L.Morris, An Introduction to the New Testament, p. 244).
64

rpwe;j %yg;gpujpfshd mnyf;rhe;jphpa Ntjg; gpujpapYk; Nkiyj;Nja Ntjg; gpujpapYk;

MrPht
; hj ciu 16k; mjpfhuj;jpd; ,Ujpapy; cs;sJ. Mdhy;> ngUk;ghyhd mjpf
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngwhj Ntjg;gpujpfspy; ,t;thrPht
; hj ciu 14k; mjpfhuj;jpd; ,WjpapYk;>
\\r;nr];lh; gPlb
; || vd;W miof;fg;gLk; Ntjg;gpujpapy; 15k; mjpfhuj;jpd; ,WjpapYk; cs;sJ.
rpy gpw;fhy Ntj gpujpfspy; 14k; 16k; mjpfhuq;fs; ,uz;bYk; ,t;thrPht
; hj ciu cs;sJ.
xUrpy gpujpfspy; MrPht
; hj ciu KOikahf ePf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ (D.Guthrie, New Testament
Introduction, p. 405).
65
K.Lake, The Earlier Epistles of St. Paul, pp. 350-366.
66
W.Sanday & A.C.Headlam, Romans: International Critical Commentary, p. xci; H.Gamble, The Textual
History of the Letter to the Romans, p. 84.
67
J.B.Lightfoot, The Structure and Destination of the Epistle to the Romans in Biblical Essays, pp. 287-320,
352-374; J.Denney, Romans: The Expositors Greek Testament Volume 2, pp. 576-582.

12
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs; fUJfpd;wdh;. mNjNghy> ,j;jifa Nehf;fj;Jld; gpw;fhy
rigahy;
Nuhkh; epUgj;jpd; filrp ,U mjpfhuq;fSk; ePff
; g;gl;bUf;fyhk;
vd;gJ rpyuJ jh;ff
; khf cs;sJ.68 Mdhy;> Kjw; jlitahf fp.gp.2k;
E}w;whz;by; Gjpa Vw;ghl;Lg; gj;jfq;fisj; njhFj;J ntspapl;l \\khh;~pNahd;||
vd;gtNu Nuhkh; epUgj;jpd; filrp ,U mjpfhuq;fisAk; ePff
; pAs;shh; vd;gij
Ntj

Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs;

Y}f;fhtpd;

fz;Lgpbj;Js;sdh;.69

RtpNr~j;ijAk;

kl;LNk

gTypDila

Ntjthf;fpakhf

epUgq;fisAk;

Vw;Wf;nfhz;bUe;j

khh;~pNahd; gTypd; epUgq;fspy; jdJ cgNjrj;jpw;F Kuzhd gFjpfisg;

Gjpa Vw;ghl;bypUe;J ePff
; papUe;jhh;. ,jdhy; Muk;g fhy Ntjg; gpujpfspy;
Nuhkh; epUgj;jpd; filrp ,U mjpfhuq;fSk; ,y;yhkypUg;gjw;F khh;~pNah
Dila nraNy fhuzkha; ,Ue;Js;sJ vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy.70
mz;ikf; fhyj;jpy; rpy Ntj Muha;ar
; pahsh;fs; Nuhkh; epUgj;jpYs;s 16k;
mjpfhuk; Muk;gj;jpy; Nuhkh; epUgj;jpy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;W $wj; njhlq;fpAs;
sdh;. ,t;ttjpfhuj;jpy; gTy; gyUf;Fj; jdJ tho;jJ
; jiyj; njhptpg;gjdhy;>
mjhtJ ngah; Fwpg;gpl;L 25 jdpg;gl;l egh;fSf;Fk;> ,uz;L FLk;gq;fSf;Fk;
xU tPlL
; r; rigf;Fk;> ngah; Fwpg;gplhj gy rNfhjuUf;Fk; ,e;epUgj;jpy;
tho;jJ
; r; nra;jp ,Ug;gjdhy;> gTy; jhd; tp[ak; nra;jpuhj rigapy;
mtUf;F mwpKfkhd ,j;jid Ngh;fs; ,Ue;jpUf;f KbahJ vd;W $Wk;
Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs;> ,t;tjpfhuk; Muk;gj;jpy; jdpg;gl;l xU fbjkhfNt
,Ue;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W fUJfpd;wdh;. ,th;fspy; rpyh; ,J 16k; mjpfhuk;
Kjyhk;
trdj;jpy;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s
ngNgahs;
vd;Dk;
ngz;iz
71
mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf vOjg;gl;l fbjk; vd;W $Wfpd;wdh;. Mdhy;> 16k;
mjpfhuk; xU Gjpa fbjk; Nghy Muk;gkhfhjpUg;gjdhy;> Muk;gKk; KbTk;
,y;yhj epiyapy; ,j;jifa xU fbjk; ,Ue;jJ vd;W $wKbahJ.72 ,jdhy;
rpyh;> Nuhkh; epUgj;ijg; gTy; vNgR rigf;F mDg;gpaNghJ Nkyjpfkhfr;
Nrh;jJ
;
mDg;gpa gFjpNa 16k; mjpfhuk; vd;Wk; $wptUfpd;wdh;.73 Gjpa
68
69

H.Gamble, The Textual History of the Letter to the Romans, pp. 115-124.
D.Guthrie, New Testament Introduction, pp. 406, 409-410.

70

gioa Vw;ghl;ilAk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;shj khh;~pNahd; Nuhkh; 15:3> 15:9-12 Nghd;w trdq;fspy;

gTy; cgNahfpf;Fk; gioa Vw;ghl;L trdq;fspd; fUj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;shjtuhf 15k; 16k;
mjpfhuq;fis ePff
; papUf;fNtz;Lk; (D.A.Carson, D.J.Moo, & L.Morris, An Introduction to the New
Testament, p. 246).
71
E.J.Goodspeed, Phoebes Letter of Introduction in Harvard Theological Review, pp. 55-57; J.I.H. McDonald,
Was Romans XVI a Separate Letter? in New Testament Studies, pp. 369-372; E.J.Goodspeed, New Chapters in
New Testament Study, pp. 25-26.
72
F.Kenyon, Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri, Facsimile III, p. xviii.
73
T.W.Manson, Letter to the Romans and Others in Bulletin of the John Rylands Library, pp. 224-240;
G.Zuntz, The Test of the Epistle: A Disquisition upon the Corpus Paulinum, pp. 276-277. Nuhkh; 16k; mjpfhuk;

vNgR rigf;F vOjg;gl;lJ vd;gjw;F Ntj Muha;rr

; pahsh;fs; gpd;tUk; fhuzq;fisr;
Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wdh;: (1). Nuhkh; 16k; mjpfhuj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s kdpjh;fspy; xUtUila
ngah;$l gpw;fhyj;jpy; gTy; NuhkpypUe;J vOjpa epUgq;fspy; (vNgrpah;> nfhNyhnrah;>
gpypg;gpah;> gpNyhNkhd;) ,lk;ngwhjikahy; ,t;tjpfhuk; NuhkUf;F vOjpa epUgj;jpy;
,Uf;ftpy;iy. (2). Nuhkh; epUgk; vOjg;gLtjw;F rpwpJ fhyj;jpw;F Kd;G vOjg;gl;l
1nfhhpe;jpah; epUgj;jpy; Mf;fpy;yh gphp];fpy;yh vd;Nghiug; gw;wpAk; mth;fsJ tPlb
; y; $btUk;

13
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

Vw;ghl;Lg; Gj;jfq;fs; xd;whfj; njhFf;fg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; vNgR rigf;F

mDg;gg;gl;l jdpg;gl;l xU epUgk; Nuhkh; 16k; mjpfhukhf Nuhkh; epUgj;NjhL
Nrh;ff
; g;gl;lJ vd;gJ rpyuJ jh;ff
; khf cs;sJ.74 Mdhy; ,j;jifa
tpsf;fq;fSf;Fg; NghJkhd Mjhuq;fs; ,y;iy.75 gTy; NuhkUf;F vOjpa
epUgk; Muk;gj;jpy; jw;NghJ ,Uf;Fk; 16 mjpfhuq;fisAk; nfhz;bUe;jJ
vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy.76 fp.gp.49y; A+jh;fs; NuhkpypUe;J ntspNaw;wg;gl;lik
ahy; 16k; mjpfhuj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sth;fs;> Mf;fpy;yhitAk; gphp];fpy;yh
iyAk; Nghy NtW gpuNjrq;fspy; gTYf;F mwpKfkhfpath;fshth;.77 gTy;
Nuhk rigf;F epUgj;ij vOJk; fhyj;jpy; ,th;fs; kWgbAkhf NuhKf;Fj;
jpUk;gpr; nrd;wpUe;jikahy;> ,th;fSf;Fk; gTy; jdJ tho;jJ
; jiy 16k;
mjpfhuj;jpy; mDg;gpAs;shh;.
rigiaAk; gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUg;gjdhy; (1nfhhp.16:14)> ,th;fs; FWfpa fhyj;jpw;Fs;shf>
mjhtJ ,uz;L tUlq;fSf;Fs;shf NuhKf;Fr; nrd;W mq;Fk; jq;fs; tPlb
; y; xU rigia
cUthf;fpAs;sjhff; $w KbahJ (Nuh.16:3-5m). (3). vNgRtpy; ,Ue;j jPNkhj;NjATf;F
vOjg;gl;l epUgj;jpy; Mf;fpy;yhTf;Fk; gphp];fpy;yhTf;Fk; gTy; jdJ tho;jJ
; jiy mDg;Gt
jdhy; (2jPNkh.4:19) Nuhkh; 16k; mjpfhuk; vNgR rigf;Nf vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ. (4). Nuhkh; 16:5y;
cs;s \\vg;ngndj;|| vd;gtd; \\MrpahtpNy|| fpwp];JTf;F Kjw;gyd;|| vd;Dk; tptuzk;
NuhKf;Fg; nghUj;jkw;wJ vd;gjdhYk;> ,td; vNgRitr; Nrh;ej
; td; vd;gjdhYk; Nuhkh; 16k;
mjpfhuk; vNgRTf;Nf mDg;gg;gl;Ls;sJ. (,t;trdk; rpy Ntjg; gpujpfspy; \\mfhah|| vd;W
,Ug;gjdhy; ek; jkpo; Ntjhfkj;jpy; Mrpah vd;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf mfhah vd;W nkhopngah;f;fg;
gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; Mrpah vd;gNj rhpahdJ). (5). Nuhkh; 16:1-2y; gTy; ngNgahisg;
Gfo;tNjhL mtis Vw;Wf;nfhs;SkhWk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. ,jdhy;> gTy; jhd; tp[ak;
nra;jpuhj Nuhk rigf;F ,d;DnkhUtiug; gw;wp ,t;thW rpghhpR nra;J vOjpapUf;f
KbahJ. (6). Nuhkh; 16:17-19y; cs;s vr;rhpg;G Nuhkh; epUgj;jpd; jd;ikf;Fk; nghUj;jkw;wJ.
Nuhkh; epUgj;jpd; Vida gFjpfs; ,t;trdq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;stpjkhd gpur;rid Nuhk
rigapy; ,Ue;jJ vd;gjw;F vt;tpj Mjhuj;jijAk; jUtjha; ,y;iy. vNgR rigapNyNa
,j;jifa gpur;ridfs; ,Ue;jikahy; Nuhkh; 16k; mjpfhuk; vNgR rigf;Nf vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ.
(7). Nuhkh; 15k; mjpfhuj;jpd; ,Wjp trdk; xU epUgj;jpd; KbTiuahfNt ,Ug;gjdhy; 16k;
mjpfhuk; Nuhk rigf;F vOjg;gltpy;iy.
74
McNeile-Williams, Introduction to New Testament, p. 155. rpy Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs; Nuhkh;
epUgj;jpYs;s MrPht
; hj ciu (mjhtJ Nuhkh; 16:25-27) epUgj;jpd; Vida gFjpfspd;
nkhopeiliatpl tpj;jpahrkhdjhf ,Ug;gjhfTk;> ,J gTy; vNgrpaUf;Fk; jPNkhj;NjATf;Fk;
vOjpa epUgq;fspd; nkhopeiliag; Nghy ,Ug;gjhfTk; $Wfpd;wdh; (G.Zuntz, The Text of the
Epistles, p. 227; T.W.Manson, BJRL, 31 (1948), pp. 224-240). ,t;thrPht
; hj ciu gpw;fhyj;jpy; gTypd;
epUgq;fis xd;whfj; njhFj;jthpdhy; Nrh;ff
; g;gl;ljpdhNyNa gTypDila nkhopeilapy;
,y;iy vd;gJ rpyuJ jh;ff
; khf cs;sJ (C.K.Barrett, The Epistle to the Romans, pp. 11-12; J.Weiss,
History of the Primitive Church Volume 2, p. 284; R.Scott, The Pauline Epistles, p. 246; K. and L. Lake,
Introduction to the New Testament, p. 98).
75

Mf;fpy;yhTf;Fk; gphp];fpy;yhTf;Fk; mth;fs; NuhkpYk; vNgRtpYk; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ gTy;

jdJ tho;jJ
; f;fis mDg;gpapUg;gJ vt;tpj Fog;gj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;j Ntz;bajpy;iy. mf;
fhyj;jpy; NuhKf;Fk; Vida Kf;fpa efuq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; Nghf;Ftuj;Jg; ghijfs;
,Ue;jNjhL> tpiuthd Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfSk; ,Ue;jd. (Cambridge Ancient History Volume 10, pp.
387, 421-422). ,jdhy;> Mf;fpy;yhTk; gphp];fpy;yhTk; NuhKf;Fk;> vNgRTf;Fk; FWfpa fhyj;jpy;
gpuahzk; nra;af;$bath;fshfNt ,Ue;Js;sdh;. NkYk;> Mf;fpy;yhTf;Fk; gphp];fpy;yhTf;Fk;
NuhkpYk; vNgRtpYk; tpahghu epiyaq;fs; ,Ue;Js;sjhfTk; Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs; fz;L
gpbj;Js;sdh; (C.H.Dood, Romans: Moffatts New Testament Commentary, p. xxi). ,jdhNyNa ,th;fs;
mbf;fb ,U ,lq;fSf;Fk; gpuahzk; nra;fpwth;fshfTk;> ,U ,lq;fspYk; nrhe;jkhf tPL
itj;J rig topghl;Lf;fhfj; jq;fsJ tPl;ilf; nfhLj;jth;fshfTk; ,Ue;Js;sdh;.
Mrpahtpd; Kjw;gydhfpa \\vg;ngndj;|| vd;gtd; (Nuh.16:5) gTy; ,e;epUgj;ij vOJk; NghJ
Nuhkpy; ,Ue;jpUf;f KbahJ vd;W $WtJk; mhj;jkw;wJ (M.Hitchcock, A Study of Romans XVI, p,
193). mNjNghy gTy; jdf;F mwpKfkpy;yhj rigf;F ngNgahis Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;gb
vOjpapUf;fKbahJ vd;Dk; jh;ff
; Kk; mh;j;jkw;wJ. ,j;jh;ff
; k; cz;ikahdJ vd;why; gTy;
NuhkUf;F 1 Kjy; 15 tiuapyhd mjpfhuq;fisAk; vOjpapUf;f KbahJ (D.Guthrie, New
Testament Introduction, p. 402). mj;NjhL gTy; Nuhkh; 16:17-19y; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s gpur;rid Nuhk
rigapy; ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;W $Wtjw;Fk; vt;tpj MjhuKk; ,y;iy (C.H.Dood, Romans,
Moffatts New Testament Commentary, pp. xxiii-xxiv, 242.
76
B.N.Kaye, To the Romans and Others Revisited in Novum Testamentum. 18 (1976), pp. 37-77.
77
D.A.Carson, D.J.Moo, & L.Morris, An Introduction to the New Testament, p. 247.

14
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

gTy; jhd; ];jhgpf;fhj> my;yJ tp[ak; nra;ahj rigf;F ngah;Fwpg;gpl;L

gyUf;F tho;jJ
; jy; mDg;gpapUf;fKbahJ vd;Dk; jh;ff
; k; jtwhdJ.
Vndd;why;> gTy; jhd; ];jhgpj;j rigfSf;F epUgk; vOJk; NghJ> rig
tpRthrpfs; midtiuAk; mth; mwpe;jpUe;jikahy; mth;fs; midtiuAk;
jd; rNfhjuh;fshff; fUjp mth;fSf;Fg; nghJthd tho;jJ
; jiy mDg;Gt
ijNa

jd;

tof;fkhff;

nfhz;bUe;jhh;.

Mdhy;

mth;

jhd;

];jhgpf;fhj

my;yJ tp[ak; nra;ahj rigfSf;F epUgk; vOJk; NghNj> mr;rigfspy;

jhd;

mwpe;jpUe;j

egh;fSf;Fj;

jdpg;gl;l

tho;jJ
; f;fis

mDg;gpdhh;.

,jdhy;jhd; gTy; ];jhgpf;fhj rigfspy; mth; NuhkUf;Fk; NfhNyhnraUf;

Fk; vOjpa epUgq;fspy; ngah; Fwpg;gpl;L jdpg;gl;l kf;fSf;F mDg;gpa
tho;jJ
; f;fs; cs;sd. NkYk;> Nuhkh; 16k; mjpfhuj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sth;f
spy; Mf;fpy;yh gphp];fpy;yh vd;Nghh; jtph;ej
;
Vidath;fs; gTYf;F
mwpKfkhdth;fshf ,Ue;jhh;fNs jtpu mth;fs; mtNuhL Nrh;eJ
;
Copak;
nra;jth;fshf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,jdhNyNa mth;fSila ngah;fs; gTy;
vOjpa Vida epUgq;fspy; ,lk;ngwtpy;iy.78 vdNt> Nuhkh; 16k; mjpfhuj;
jpy; jdpg;gl;l egh;fSf;F tho;jJ
; f;fs; mDg;gg;gl;Ls;sij mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L> ,t;tjpfhuk; Nuhk rigf;F vOjg;gltpy;iy vd;W $wKbahJ.

Nuhkh; epUgj;jpd; Nehf;fk;

mg;Ngh];jydhfpa gTy;> jhd; ];jhgpf;fhj> ngUk;ghYk; mwpKfkw;w
kdpjh;fis
mq;fj;jpdh;fshff;
nfhz;bUe;j
Nuhk
rigf;F vjw;fhf
,e;epUgj;ij vOjpdhh; vd;gJ gw;wp Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs; kj;jpapy;
gytpjkhf fUj;Jf;fSk; tpsf;fq;fSk; cs;sd. Nuhk rigapy; A+jh;fNs
ngUk;ghyhdth;fshf ,Ue;jjhff; fUJk; Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fspy; rpyh;>
gTy; jdJ Gw[hjpahh; kj;jpapyhd Copaj;ij epahag;gLj;Jtjw;fhfTk;>
A+jh;fisAk; Gw[hjpahiuAk; xg;Guthf;Ftjw;fhfTk; ,e;epUgj;ij vOjpajh
ff; $Wfpd;wdh;.79 A+j khh;ff
; j;jpw;Fk; fpwp];jtj;jpw;Fk; ,ilapy; mf;fhyj;jpy;
,Ue;j jh;ff
; q;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf Nuhkh; epUgk; cs;sJ vd;gJ rpyuJ
fUj;jhf cs;sJ.80 \\A+jj; Njrpathjj;jpw;F vjpuhf> RtpNr~k; rfy
kf;fSf;Fk; chpaJ vd;gijg; gTy; ,e;epUgj;jpy; cWjpg;gLj;jpAs;shh;||;
vd;gJ rpy Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fspd; jh;ff
; khf cs;sJ.81 rpy Ntj
Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs;>
A+jh;fs;
fpwp];jt
khh;ff
; j;ijg;
gw;wp
Nfl;Fk;
Nfs;tpfSf;Fg; gjpyhfNt ,e;epUgk; vOjg;gl;Ls;sjhff; $Wfpd;wdh;.82
NkYk;> A+jkhh;ff
; j;jpd; xUgphpthf ,Ue;j Nuhk rigiar; rhpahd rj;jpaj;
78

D.Guthrie, New Testament Introduction, pp. 401-402.

B.Weiss, Manual Introduction to the New Testament, p. 301.
80
J.Munck, Paul and the Salvation of Mankind, p. 407.
81
A.H.McNeile, Paul: His Life, Letters and Christian Doctrines, p. 190.
82
J.C.Beker, Paul the Apostle, pp. 77, 86.
79

15
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

jpw;Fs; nfhz;LtUtjw;fhfg; gTy; ,e;epUgj;ij vOjpdhh; vd;gJ rpyuJ

jh;ff
; khf cs;sJ.83 Mdhy;> ,j;jfia tpsf;fq;fs; midj;Jk;> Nuhk
rigapy; Gw[hjpf; fpwp];jth;fNs ngUk;ghd;ikapduhf ,Ue;jdh; vd;gij
kWjypf;Fk; fUj;Jf;fshfNt
,Ug;gjdhy;> ,it Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba
tpsf;fq;fshf ,y;iy.84
Nuhkh; epUgj;jpd; filrp mjpfhuj;ijg; gpw;fhyj;jpy; Nrh;ff
; g;gl;l gFjpahff;
fUJgth;fs;> gTy; jdJ cgNjrk; gpugykiltjw;fhf ,e;epUgj;ij vOjp
,ij NuhKf;F kl;Lky;y rphpah> gy];jPdh> vNgR Nghd;w Kf;fpakhd
,lq;fSf;nfy;yhk; mDg;gpajhf; $Wfpd;wdh;.85 gTy; vUrNykpy; vjph;Nehf;fg;
NghFk; gpur;ridiaf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;ltuhf vUrNyk; rigf;F vOjpa
epUgkhf ,jidf; fUJgth;fs;> vUrNyKf;Fr; nry;yg; NghFk; gTy; mq;F
A+jkh;ff
; j;jpy; ituhf;fpakpf;fth;fsha; ,Ue;j fpwp];jth;fs; jdf;F vjpuhff;
nfhz;Ltug;NghFk; Fw;wr;rhl;LfSf;Fg; gjpyspf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; ,e;epUgj;ij
vOjpAs;sjhff; fUJfpd;wdh;. Gw[hjpahhpd; rigfspy; Nrh;ff
; g;gl;l gzj;
NjhL vUrNyKf;Fr; nry;Yk; gTy;> mq;F jhd; ciuahw;Wtjw;fhf vOjpa
gpurq;fciuNa ,e;epUgk; vd;gJ ,th;fsJ jh;ff
; khf cs;sJ.86 ,jdhy;>
gTy; Gw[hjpahh; kj;jpapy; jhd; nra;Ak; Copaj;jpw;F vjpuhd Fw;wr;
rhl;Lfisj; jfh;jn
; jwpAk; tpjj;jpy; ,e;epUgj;ij vOjpAs;shh; vd;Wk;
,th;fs; fUJfpd;wdh;.87 gTy; ,e;epUgj;ij vOJk; NghJ vUrNyKf;Fr;
nry;tjw;fhd Maj;jq;fisr; nra;Jnfhz;bUe;jhh; (Nuh.15:25) vd;gjw;fhf
mth; vUrNyk; rigf;F> my;yJ> vUrNykpy; mth; nra;ag;NghFk; gpurq;fj;
jpw;fhf ,e;epUgj;ij vOjpdhh; vd;Dk; KbTf;F tUtJ mh;jj
; kw;wJ.
epUgj;jpd; Muk;gj;jpy; ,J \\Nuhk rigf;F|| vOjg;gl;lJ vd;Dk; Fwpg;G rpy
83
84

M.Black, Romans: New Century Bible Commentary, pp. 22-23.

J.Drane, Why Did Paul Write Romans? in Pauline Studies, pp. 223-224. mNjNghy> gTy; Nuhk

rigapd; epiyikia mwpahjpUe;jhh; vd;Wk;> ,e;epUgj;jpd; %yk; Nuhk rigapd; epiyikia

ek;khy; mwpe;J nfhs;s Kbahky; cs;sJ vd;Wk; rpy Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs; $WtJk;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Kbahj xU fUj;jhfNt cs;sJ. gTYf;F mwpKfkhdth;fs; gyh; ,r;rigapy;
,Ue;jikahy; (Nuh.16)> mth;fs; %yk; gTy; rigapd; epiyikiag; gw;wp epr;rak;
mwpe;jpUg;ghh;. NkYk;> Nuhkh; 1:8> 15:14 Nghd;w trdq;fSk; Nuhk rigapd; epiyikiag;
gTy; mwpe;jpUe;jjw;fhd Mjhukhf cs;sJ. mj;NjhL. 14k; 15k; mjpfhuq;fspy; gTy; Nuhk
rigapd; epiyikf;F Neubahf gjpyspg;gijAk; ehk; mtjhdpf;fyhk; (A.J.M.Wedderburn.
Reasons for Romans, pp. 54-65; J.R.Edwards, Romans: New International Biblical Commentary, p. 13;
J.D.G.Dunn, Romans 1-8: Word Biblical Commentary, pp. lvi-lviii). vdpDk; 14k; 15k; mjpfhuq;fis

kl;Lk; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L> gTy; Nuhk rigapy; A+jh; Gw[hjpahh; kj;jpapy; ,Ue;j rh;ri
; riaj;
jPhg
; g
; jw;fhfNt ,e;epUgj;ij vOjpdhh; vd;Dk; rpy Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fspd; jh;ff
; k; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,y;iy. rpyh; Nuhk rigapy; %d;W FOtpdh; ,Ue;jjhff; fUJfpd;wdh;
(S.Neill, Jesus through Many Eyes, p. 63). NtW rpyh; Ie;J FOtpdh; ,Ue;jjhff; $Wfpd;wdh;
(P.S.Minear, The Obedience of Faith: The Purpose of Paul in in the Epistle to the Romans. pp. 8-14). Mdhy;
,j;jifa tpsf;fq;fSf;Fg; Nghjpa Mjhuq;fs; ,y;iy.
85
,th;fs;> Nuhkh; 1:7Yk; 1:15Yk; \\Nuhk;|| vd;Dk; nrhy; rpy Muk;gfhy gpujpfspy; ,y;yhjpUg;
gijAk; jq;fsJ fUj;jpw;F Mjhukhfr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wdh; (T.W.Manson, St. Pauls Letter to the
Romans And Others in The Romans Debate, pp. 3-15).
86
J.Jervell, The Letter to Jerusalem in The Romans Debate. pp. 53-64; N.A.Dahl, Studies in Paul: Theology for
the Early Christian Mission, p. 77.
87
G.Bornkamm, The Letter to the Romans as Pauls Last Will and Testament in The Romans Debate, pp. 16-28.

vdpDk; ,th;> ,e;epUgk; Nuhk rigf;F vOjg;gl;lJ vd;gij kWjypf;ftpy;iy.

16
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

Ntjg;gpujpfspy; ,y;yhjNghjpYk;> ,J Nuhk rigf;Nf vOjg;gl;lJ vd;gjw;Fg;

NghJkhd Mjhuq;fs; cs;sd.88
gTy; jhd; ];jhgpf;fhj Nuhk rigf;F ,e;epUgj;ij vOjpajd; Nehf;fj;ijg;
15k; mjpfhuk; mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ. gTy; NuhKf;Fr; nry;tjw;Fg; gy jlitfs;
Kaw;rp nra;Jk; (Nuh.1:13-15) mq;F Vw;fdNt xU rig ,Ue;jikahy;> mq;F
nrd;W

RtpNr~j;ijg;

gpurq;fpg;gijj;

jtph;jJ
;

te;j

gTy;

(Nuh.15:21-22)>

,Jtiuapy; RtpNr~k; mwptpf;fg;gl;lhj ];ghdpah Njrj;jpw;Fr; nry;tjw;Fj;

jpl;lkpl;bUe;jhh;. ,ijg;gw;wp Nuhkh; 15:21-23y; gpd;tUkhW gTy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;
shh;:
\\ehd; kw;nwhUtDila m];jpghuj;jpd;Nky; fl;lhjgbf;F fpwp];JtpD
ila ehkk; nrhy;yg;gl;buhj ,lq;fspy; RtpNr~j;ij mwptpf;Fk;gb
ehLfpNwd;. cq;fsplj;jpy; tUfpwjw;F ,jpdhNy mNefe;juk; jilg;gl;
Nld;. ,g;nghOJ ,e;jj; jpirfspNy vdf;F ,lkpy;yhjgbapdhYk;>
cq;fsplj;jpy; tUk;gb mNef tU~kha; vdf;F kpFe;j tpUg;gk;
cz;lhapUf;fpwgbapdhYk;> ehd; ];ghdpah Njrj;jpw;Fg; gpuahzk;
gz;Zifapy;
cq;fsplj;jpy;
te;J>
cq;fisf;
fz;Lnfhs;sTk;>
cq;fsplj;jpy; rw;W jpUg;jpaile;j gpd;G> mt;tplj;jpw;F cq;fshy;
toptpl;lDg;gg;glTk;> vdf;F rkaq; fpilf;Fnkd;W ek;gpapUf;fpd;Nwd;.||
gTy;
NuhkpD}lhfNt
];ghdpahtpw;Fg;
Nghfj;
jpl;lkpl;bUe;jgbapdhy;
(Nuh.15:28)> jdJ ];ghdpa Copaj;jpw;F Nuhk rigapd; cjtpiag;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ ,e;epUgj;ij vOJk; gTypd; gpujhd Nehf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ.
Nuhkh; 15:24y; \\cq;fshy; toptpl;lDg;gg;glTk;|| vd;W jkpopy; nkhopngah;ff
; g;
gl;Ls;s gjk; %ynkhopapy; \\xUtUila gpuahzj;jpw;F czT gzk;
vd;gtw;iwf; nfhLj;J mDg;Gjy;|| vd;Dk; mh;jj
; KilaJ.89 vdNt> gTy;
jhd; ];ghdpahtpy; nra;ag;NghFk; Copaj;jpw;F cjtpnra;Ak;gb Nfl;gjw;fh
fNt ,e;epUgj;ij vOjpAs;shh; vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy. jdJ Muk;g fhy
Copaj;jpw;F
me;jpNahfpa
rig
cjtpaha;
,Ue;jJNghy>
];ghdpa
Copaj;jpw;F Nuhk rig cjtp nra;Ak; vd;gJ gTypd; vz;zkhf ,Ue;jJ.90
,jdhy;> gTy; jd;idAk; jdJ Copaj;ijAk; gw;wp Nuhk rig kf;fSf;F
mwpKfg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf>
jhd;
gpurq;fpf;Fk;
nra;jpiaAk;>
Nuhk
rig
kf;fSf;F mtrpakhd MNyhridfisAk; ,e;epUgj;jpy; vOjpAs;shh;.
\\];ghdpa Copaj;jpw;F Nuhk rigapd; cjtpiag; ngwNtz;Lkhdhy; jhd;
gpurq;fpf;Fk; nra;jpia mth;fSf;F tphpthf tpsf;fNtz;ba mtrpak;
88

cz;ikapy; rpy gpw;fhy Ntjg;gpujpfspNyNa NuhKf;F vOjg;gl;lijg; gw;wpa Fwpg;G

,y;iy. Muk;gfhy gpujpfspy; midj;jpYk; ,f;Fwpg;G ,Ug;gjdhy; ,e;epUgk; Nuk rigf;Nf
vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy (B.Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New

Testament, p. 505).
89
L.Morris, Romans: Pillar New Testament Commentary, p. 518.
90
Ibid. p. 17.

17
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

gTYf;F ,Ue;jJ. gTypd; vjphpfs; mtUila Copaj;ijAk; cgNjrj;ijAk;

gw;wp vjphpilahd tpkh;rdq;fisg; gug;gp te;jikahy;> jhd; gpurq;fpf;Fk;
RtpNr~k; vj;jifaJ vd;gij tpsf;Ftjw;fhfg; gTy; Nuhk
,e;epUgj;ij
vOjpAs;shh;.||91
mNjrkak;>
NuhKf;Fr;
nrd;W
RtpNr~j;ijg;

gpurq;fpf;f

Ntz;Lk;

vd;W

ePzl
; fhykhfNt

rigf;F
mq;Fk;

jpl;lkpl;bUe;j

gTy;> mq;F nry;tjw;Fr; re;jh;gg

; k; fpilf;fhjikahy;> Nuhk rigf;F epUgk;
vOJk;NghJ> jhd; gpurq;fpf;Fk; RtpNr~j;ij tphpthf vOjpAs;shh;.92 NkYk;>
Mf;fpy;yh

gphp];fpy;yh

vd;Nghh;

%ykhf

Nuhk

rigiag;

gw;wp

jhd;

Nfs;tpg;gl;l tplaq;fisf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;ltuhfTk;> mr;rigf;F mtrpakhd

eilKiwhPjpahd MNyhridfisAk; mwpTiufisAk; ,e;epUgj;jpy; gTy;
Nrh;jJ
; s;shh;.93

91

Ibid. p. 17.
G.B.Wilson, Romans: A Digest of Reformed Comment, p.11
93
D.Guthrie, New Testament Introduction, p. 399.

92

18
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

Nuhkh; epUgj;jpd; tplaq;fs;

gTypDila

epUgq;fs;

midj;Jk;

mtuJ

fhyj;ija

fbj

mikg;G

KiwapNyNa vOjg;gl;Ls;sd. mf;fhyj;ija kf;fs; mwpKfTiuAlNdNa

fbjq;fis Muk;gpj;jdh;. ,t;twpKfTiuapy; fbjkhdJ ahuhy; ahUf;F
vOjg;gLfpd;wJ
tho;jJ
; iuiaj;

vd;Dk;

tpguq;fSk;

njhlh;eJ
;

tho;jJ
; iuAk;

fbjj;ijg;

ngWgthpd;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;.94
rhPu

Rfj;jpw;fhd

gpuhh;jj
; idAk;> Njth;fSf;fhd JjpAk; ,lk;ngWk;. mjd; gpd;Ng fbjj;jpd;
nra;jp vOjg;gLk;. NtW ahUf;fhtJ tho;jJ
; r; nra;jpfs; nfhLf;fg;gl
Ntz;bapUe;jhy; mtw;WlDk;> rpwg;ghd tho;jJ
; jYlDk; fbjk; epiwT
95
ngWk;.
gTypDila epUgq;fspYk; ,j;jifa xOq;F Kiia ehk;
mtjhdpf;fyhk;.96 vdpDk; gTy; jd; tho;jJ
; iuiaf; fpwp];jtkag;gLj;jpAs;
shh;. ,jdhy;jhd; mth; jd; tho;jJ
; iuapy; \\fpUigiaAk; rkhjhdj;ijAk;||
Nrh;jJ
; s;sNjhL> jhd; vOJk; #o;epiyiaAk;> jdJ thrfh;fspd; epiyiaAk;
fUj;jpw;nfhz;L
Nkyjpfkhd
Fwpg;GfisAk;
vOjpAs;shh;.
,jdhy;
gTypDila epUgq;fspy; mwpKfTiu mf;fhyj;ija fbjq;fspd; tho;jJ
; iu
iatpl ePskhditfshf cs;sd.

1. epUgj;
epUgj;jpd; mwpKfTiu (Nuh.1:1(Nuh.1:1-17)
gTy; NuhkUf;F vOjpa epUgj;jpy; Kjyhk; mjpfhuj;jpd; Kjy; 17
trdq;fSk; mwpKfTiuahf cs;sJ. ,jpy;> gTy; jd;id ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd;
Copaf;fhudhfTk;>97 mg;Ngh];jydhfTk;>98 RtpNr~g;gzpf;fhfg; gphpj;njLf;fg;
gl;ltdhfTk; mwpKfg;gLj;jpAs;shh; (Nuh.1:1). ,e;epUgk; NuhkpYs;s fpwp];jth;
94

mf;fhyj;ija fbj mikg;G Kiwapd; ,j;jifa mk;rq;fisg; gioa Vw;ghl;by; v];wh

7:12> jhdpNay; 4:1Yk;> ,U Vw;ghLfSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; vOjg;gl;l js;Sgbahfkq;f
spy; xd;whd 2gh&f; 72:8Yk; ehk; mtjhdpf;fyhk;. Gjpa Vw;ghl;by; mg;Ngh];jyh; 15:23Yk;>
23:26Yk; ,j;jifa fbjq;fs; cs;sd. js;Sgbahfkq;fs; gw;wpa tpguq;fSf;F vdJ \\Gdpj
Ntjhfkj;jpd; GJik tuyhW|| vDk; E}ypy; 69 Kjy; 73 tiuapyhd gf;fq;fisg; ghh;ff
; Tk;.
95

W.G.Doty, Letters in Primitive Christianity, pp. 23-33; P.T.OBrien, Letters, Letter Forms in Dictionary of
Paul and and His Letters, pp. 550-553.
96
gTy; fyhj;jpaUf;F vOjpa epUgj;jpy; kl;Lk; mwpKfTiu toikf;F khwhd epiyapy;
,Ug;gij ehk; mtjhdpf;fyhk;. ,e;epUgj;jpy; gTy; jd; thrfh;fSf;fhfj; Njtidj; Jjpj;J
mth;fSf;fhf kd;whLk; Fwpg;G ,lk;ngwtpy;iy.
97
Copaf;fhud; vd;gjw;F %ynkhopapy; cgNahfpf;fg;gl;Ls;s \\^nyh];|| (doulos) vd;Dk;
fpNuf;fg; gjk; \\mbik|| vd;Dk; mh;j;jKilaJ. gioa Vw;ghl;Lf;fhyj;jpy; jq;fs; v[khd;f
is Nerpf;Fk; mbikfs; MAs;KOtJk; gzpGhptjw;fhfj; jq;fis mh;g;gzpg;gJNghy
(ahj;.21:2-6)> gTYk; ,NaRfpwp];Jtpw;fhfg; gzpGhptjw;fhf MAl;fhy mbikahfj; jd;id
mh;gg
; zpj;Js;shh;. \\jhd; ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; clik vd;Wk;> mtUf;F Nritnra;tJ jd;
flik vd;Wk; gTy; ,jd; %yk; mwpaj;jUfpd;whh;|| (C.Vaughan & B.Corley, Romans: Bible Study

Commentary, p. 17).
98

\\mg;ngh];nlhnyh];|| vd;Dk; fpNuf;fg; gjNk jkpopy; \\mg;Ngh];jyd;|| vd;W vOjg;gl;Ls;

sJ. ,jdh;j;jk; \\mDg;gg;gl;ltd;|| vd;gjhFk;. ,J mjpfhuG+h;tkhf mDg;gg;gLk; gpujpepjp
iaf; Fwpf;Fk; gjkhFk; (R.H.Rengstrof, Apostolos in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
Volume 1, pp. 407-445). gTy; ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; mjpfhuG+h;tkhd gpujpepjpahfg; gzpGhpe;Js;shh;
vd;gJ ,jpypUe;J njspthfpd;wJ.

19
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

fSf;F vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij 2k; trdk; mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ. 3k; trdj;jpy;

gTy; jhd; toikahf cgNahfpf;Fk; tho;j;Jjiyf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.99 gTy;
jhd; gpurq;fpf;Fk; RtpNr~r; nra;jpiaNa tphpthf ,e;epUgj;jpy; vOjpAs;s
ikahy;> mwpKfTiuapy; ,ijg; gw;wpa %d;W Kf;fpa tplaq;fis 4k; 5k;
trdq;fspy; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shh;. ,tw;wpy; KjyhtJ> \RtpNr~k; NjtDilaJ|
,uz;lhtJ ,J \gioa Vw;ghl;by; Kd;dwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.|100 %d;whtJ> ,J
\,NaRfpwp];Jitg; gw;wpaJ|. ,t;trdq;fspy; gTy; ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; Njtj;
Jtj;ijg; gw;wpAk; kdpjj;Jtj;ijg; gw;wpAk; rpy tplaq;fisAk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;
shh;. NkYk;> 6k; 7k; trdq;fspy;> ,NaRfpwp];JNt jd;id mg;Ngh];jydhf;fp
As;sijAk; mwpaj;jUfpd;whh;. ,jidj; njhlh;eJ
; > mf;fhy fbj mikg;G
Kiwapd;gb gTy; Nuhk rig tpRthrpfSf;fhfj; Njtidj; Jjpg;gNjhL
(Nuh.1:8-9)> jhd; NuhKf;F tUtjw;Fg; gy jlitfs; Kaw;rpj;Jk;> jd;dhy;
tuKbahkw; Nghijg; gw;wpAk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh; (Nuh.1:10-13). mwpKfTiuapd;
,Wjpapy;> rfy kf;fSf;Fk; ,NaRfpwp];Jitg; gw;wpa RtpNr~j;ijg;
gpurq;fpf;fj; jhd; flikg;gl;Ls;sjhfTk; (Nuh.1:14)> NuhkpYk; RtpNr~j;ij
mwptpf;f jhd; tpUk;GtjhfTk; (Nuh.1:15)> ,ijf; Fwpj;J jhd; ntl;fg;gLtjpy
iy vd;Wk; (Nuh.1:16) njhptpj;Js;shh;. mwpKfTiuapd; filrp trdk;> Nuhkh;
epUgj;jpy; gTy; vOjg;NghFk; nra;jpapd; ikaf;fUthf cs;sJ (Nuh.1:17).

2. kdpjDf;Fj; NjtDila ePjp mtrpak; (Nuhkh; 1:181:18-3:20)

ghtpahd kdpjd; ,NaRfpwp];Jit tpRthrpg;gjd; %yk; NjtePjpiag; ngw;W>
NjtDf;F
Kd;ghfg;
ghpRj;jthdhf
,Uf;fpd;whd;
vd;Dk;
fpwp];jt
khh;ff
; j;jpd; mbg;gilr; nra;jpia Nuhkh; epUgj;jpy; tphpthf vOJk; gTy;>
Kjyhtjhf> \\kdpjDf;Fj; NjtDila ePjp mtrpak;|| vd;gijr; Rl;bf;
fhl;bAs;shh;. ,jdhy; epUgj;jpd; KjyhtJ gFjpapy;> mjhtJ 1:18-3:20y;
kdpjdpd; cz;ikahd epiyia> mjhtJ mtd; ghtp vd;gijr; Rl;bf;
fhl;bAs;shh;. kdpjd; ghtpahf ,Ug;gjdhy; mtDf;Fj; NjtDila ePjp
mtrpakhf cs;sJ.101 Nuhk rigapy; A+jh;fSk; Gw[hjpahUk; ,Ue;jikahy;
1:18-32y; Gw[hjp cyfk; ghtj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhfTk;> 2:1-3:8y; A+j cyfk;
ghtj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhfTk; $Wk; gTy;> 3:9-20y; KO cyfKk; ghtj;jpy;
99

,J mf;fhy fpNuf;f kw;Wk; A+j tho;jJ

; jy;fspd; Nrh;fi
; fahFk;. fpNuf;f tho;jJ
; jyhd
\\fhhp];|| (kfpo;rr
; pahapUq;fs;) vd;gJk;> A+j tho;jJ
; jyhd \\~hnyhk;|| (rkhjhdk; cz;lht
jhf) vd;gJk; xd;whfr; Nrh;ff
; g;gl;L fpwp];jt mh;jj
; Kk; gTyhy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. \\,J
gTypDila RtpNr~j;jpd; RUf;fTiuahf|| (J.R.W.Stott, The Message of Galatians, p. 16) \\fpwp];jt
cgNjrj;jpd; rhuhk;rkhf|| cs;sJ (T.George, Galatians: The New American Commentary, p. 85).
100
,NaRfpwp];Jitg; gw;wpa RtpNr~k; gioa Vw;ghl;by; Kd;dwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhfNt gTy;
,t;trdq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. ,jdhy;> mtiug; gw;wp gpwkj E}y;fspYk; Kd;dwptpf;fg;
gl;Ls;sjhf; $Wfpwth;fspd; jh;f;fq;fs; Ntjhfk cgNjrj;jpw;F KuzhdJ vd;gij ehk;
mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; ,J gw;wpa Nkyjpf tpsf;fj;jpw;F vdJ kDf;Fyj;jpw;fhd kfj;jhd
ntspg;gLj;jy; vd;Dk; E}ypy; 87 Kjy; 117 tiuapyhd gf;fq;fisg; ghh;f;fTk;.
101
NjtDf;F Kd;ghf epw;gjw;F kdpjdplk; Rakhf ePjp ,y;iy. mtDila Ra ePjp
NjtDf;F Kd; epw;gjw;F mtDf;F vt;tpj jFjpiaAK; nfhLg;gjpy;iy.

20
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

,Ug;gijj; njspTgLj;jpAs;shh;.
Gw[hjpahiug; nghWj;jtiuj; Njtd;
,aw;ifapd; %ykhfTk;> khdpl ,jaj;jpYk; jk;ikg;gw;wp ntspg;gLj;jpAs;s
NghjpYk; (Nuh.1:18-20)>102 mth;fs; Njtid Vw;Wf;nfhs;shkYk; kfpikg;gLj;
jhkYk;> jq;fSila fw;gidfspd;gb jq;fSf;nfd;W kjq;fis cUthf;fpf;
nfhz;ldh; (Nuh.1:21-23> 25).103 ,jdhy; mth;fSila tho;fi
; f xOf;fnewp
nfl;ljhf> ghtj;jpdhy; epiwe;Js;sijg; gTy; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shh; (Nuh.1:24>
26-32).104 gTy; Nuhkh; 1:26-31y; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s ghtq;fs; A+jh;fSila tho;tpy;
fhzg;glhj
,Ue;jdh;

NghjpYk;105
106

(Nuh.2:1-3:8).

NjtDila
A+jh;fs;

ghh;itapy;

NtDila

mth;fSk;

ghtpfshfNt

epahag;gpukhzj;ijg;

ngw;W>

102

,ijg; gw;wpa tpsf;fj;jpw;F vdJ \\kDf;Fyj;jpw;fhd kfj;jhd ntspg;gLj;jy;|| vd;Dk;

E}ypd; 12 Kjy; 27 tiuapyhd gf;fq;fisg; ghh;ff
; Tk;. gTy; Nuhkh; epUgj;jpy;> \\cz;lhf;fg;
gl;bUf;fpwitfspdhNy njsptha;f; fhzg;gLk;|| vd;gJ ,aw;if cyfj;jpd; %yk;
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ntspg;gLj;jiyg; gw;wpa tptuzkhf cs;sJ (Nuh.1:20). Nuhkh; 1:19y;
Njtidf; Fwpj;J mwpag;gLtJ mth;fSf;Fs;ns ntspg;gl;bUf;fpwJ|| vd;Dk; thf;fpaj;jpy;
\\mth;fSf;Fs;Ns|| vd;Dk; nrhw;gpuNahfk;> kdpjh;fSila cs;sj;jpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;ls;s
NJtDila ntspg;gLj;jiyr; Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ. rpy Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs; ,r;nrhw;gpuNah
fj;ij \\mth;fs; kj;jpapy;|| vd;W nkhopngah;j;jhYk; (C.E.B.Cranfield, Romans: The International
Critical Commentary Volume 1, p. 113), \\mth;fSila kdq;fspy;|| vd;gNj rhpahd nkhop
ngah;gg
; hFk; (C.Vaughan & B.Corley. Romans: Bible Study Commentary, p. 27).
103
Nuhkh; 1:21-23y; gTy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s tplaNk cyf kjq;fspd; cUthf;fj;jpw;Ff;
fhuzkhAs;sJ. ,t;trdq;fspd;gb Njt ntspg;gLj;jiy epuhfhpj;jjd; tpisNt cyf
kjq;fspd; cUthf;fk; vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.
104
24k; 26k; 28k; trdq;fspy; Njtd; kf;fisg; ghtj;jpw;F \\xg;Gf;nfhLj;jhh;|| vd;W Fwpg;gplg;
gl;Ls;sikahy; khdpl ghtj;jpw;Fj; NjtNd fhuzh; vd;W ehk; fUjyhfhJ. Njtntspg;gLj;
jiy epuhfhpj;jjd; tpisNt kdpjh;fs; ghtj;jpy; tho;tjw;fhd fhuzk; vd;gijNa ,t;
trdq;fspy; cs;s \\,jpdpkpj;jk;|| vd;Dk; thh;ji
; j mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ. \\nka;ahd NjtDf;Fg;
gjpyhf kdpjh;fs; ngha;ahd nja;tq;fis cUthf;fpf; nfhz;ljw;fhd (Nuh.23>25>26-27)> Njt
jz;lidahf khdpl ght tho;T ,Ug;gijNa gTy; ,t;trdq;fspy; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shh;||
(J.R.Edwards, Romans: New International Biblical Commentary, pp. 53-54). kdpjd; cz;ikahd Njtid
epuhfhpf;Fk; NghJ NjtDk; kdpjid me;j epiiyapNyNa ,Uf;f itj;JtpLfpwhh;.
cjhuzj;jpw;F Muk;gj;jpy; ghh;Nthd; jd; ,jaj;ijf; fbdg;gLj;jpdhd; (ahj;.7:22). gpd;dh;
mtd; me;epiyapNyNa ,Uf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; mtDila ,jaj;ijf; fbdg;gLj;jpdhh; (ahj;.4:2122). \\Njtidg; gw;wpa cz;ikia Vw;Wf;nfhs;shky; ngha;iaNa kf;fs; njhlh;eJ
; k;
ek;Gfpwth;fsha; ,Ue;jhy; rj;jpaj;ij mth;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;s Kbahj epiyapy; mth;fis
itj;JtpLthh;|| (Ibid. p. 54). Gw[hjp kf;fs; Njtrj;jpaj;ij mlf;fp itj;Js;shh;fs; (Nuh.1:18)
vd;Wk;> Njtntspg;gLj;jiy epuhfhpj;Js;shh;fs; (Nuh.1:19-20) vd;Wk;> Njtkfpikia mtkjpj;
Js;shh;fs;
(Nuh.1:21-23)
vd;Wk;
gTy;
,t;trdq;fspy;
mwpaj;je;Js;shh;.
vdNt>
\\Njtjz;lid vg;nghOJk; epahakhdjhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. mth; fhuzkpd;wp vtiuAk; jz;bf;f
khl;lhh;|| (J.A.Witmer, Romans: The Bible Knowledge Commentary, p. 442). vdNt> Njtd; kf;fisg;
ghtj;jpw;F xg;Gf;nfhLj;jJ> mth;fsJ nraYf;fhd epahakhdJk; ePjpahdJkhd jz;lidah
fNt cs;sJ.
105
Njtd; A+jh;fSf;F nfhLj;jpUe;j epahag;gpukhzj;jpy; kf;fSf;fhd xOf;f newpfs;
njspthf ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jd. ,jdhy;> mf;fhyj;jpy; epahag;gpukhzj;ijg; ngwhj
kf;fs; ,aw;ifapd; %ykhff; nfhLf;fg;gl;l NjtDila ntspg;gLj;jiy epuhfhpj;J
thOk;NghJ xOf;ff;Nflhdth;fshf ,Ue;jdh;. cz;ikapy;> A+j khh;ff
; Kk; gpw;fhyj;jpy;
fpwp];jtKNk cyfj;jpw;F xOf;fnewpfis mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. \\mf;fhyj;jpy; Ntjhfkk;
nry;yhj ,lq;fspy; tho;ej
;
kf;fSila tho;f;if Nuhkh; 1:26-32y; rpj;jhpf;fg;gl;Ls;s
tpjkhfNt ,Ue;jJ|| (W.Barclay, Romans: The Daily Study Bible, pp. 30-32).
106
Nuhkh;
2k;
mjpfhuj;jpy;
17k;
trdj;jpNyNa
gTy;
A+jh;fisg;
ngahpl;L
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sikahy;> ,t;tjpfhuj;jpy; Kjy; 16 trdq;fspYk; gTy; A+jh;fisg; gw;wpay;y>
mf;fhy cyfpy; xOf;f newpfisf; filg;gpbj;j jj;JtQhdpfisAk;> kw;Wk; xOf;ftpayh
sh;fisAk; gw;wpNa Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh; vd;W rpy Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs; fUJfpd;wdh;. murpay;
mjpfhuhpfisg; gw;wpNa ,t;trdq;fspy; vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;Nw khl;bd; Y}j;jh; fUjpdhh;
(M.Luther, Lectures on Romans, p. 38). A+jh; Gw[hjpahh; vd;Dk; ,U ,dj;jtiuAk; gw;wpa
tptuzkhf ,t;trdq;fisr; rpy Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs; tpsf;Ffpd;wdh; (E.H.Gifford, Romans:
The Speakers Commentary, p. 71; C.K.A.Barrett, Romans: The Harpers New Testament Commentary, p. 43)

Mdhy;> 17k; trdj;jpNyNa A+jh;fs; ngahpl;L Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s NghjpYk;> mt;trdk;

GjpaNjhh; gFjpia mwpKfg;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; vOjg;gltpy;iy. NkYk;> ,t;trdk; mjw;F
Kd;Ds;s trdq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s jh;ff
; j;jpd; njhlh;rr
; pahfNt ,Ug;gjdhy;> \\Kjyhk;

21
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

NjtDila xOf;ftpjpKiwfis mwpe;jpUe;jNghjpYk;> mth;fs; Gw[hjpah

iuf; Fw;wg;gLj;jp te;jNjhL> (Nuh.2:1m)>107 mth;fSk; epahag;gpukhzf;
fl;lisfis kPwp ele;jdh;. ,jdhy;> Gw[hjpahiug; NghyNt A+jh;fSk; Njt
Nfhghf;fpidf;F cl;gl;lth;fshf ,Ue;jdh; (Nuh.2:1M-5).108 NjtDila
Mf;fpidf;Fg; Gw[hjpahUf;F vt;thW \\Nghf;F nrhy;y ,lkpy;yhjpUe;jNjh||
(Nuh.120) mNjtpjkhfNt A+jh;fSila epiyikAk; ,Ue;jJ (Nuh.2:1). Njtd;
gl;rghjkw;wtuhf (Nuh.2:11)> rj;jpaj;jpd;gb (Nu.2:2) kf;fis epahae;jhP g
; g
; tuhf
,Uf;fpd;whh;. mNjrkak; kdpjh; ghtk; nra;Ak; NghJ Njtd; nksdkha;
,Ug;gjdhy; mth; jz;bf;fkhl;lhh; vd;W ehk; vz;zf;$lhJ vd;gijAk; gTy;
,t;trdq;fspy;
Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shh;.
kdpjh;fs;
jq;fs;
ghtq;fspypUe;J
kde;jpUk;Gtjw;Fr; re;jh;gg
; kspj;J Njtd; jw;fhyj;jpy; nghWikahapUe;jhYk;>
epahaj;jhP g
; G
; ehspy; kde;jpUk;ghjth;fisj; jz;bg;ghh; (Nuh.2:4-5).
Nuhkh; 2:6-13y; gTy; \\fphpiaapdhy; ,ul;rpg;G|| vd;Dk; cgNjrj;ijg;
Nghjpf;ftpy;iy. ,ul;rpg;G NjtDila fpUigapdhy; fpilf;Fk; <T vd;gNj
gTypDila Nghjidapd; mbg;gilr; rj;jpakhFk; (vNg.2:8-9). Nuhkh;
epUgj;jpy;> tpRthrk; mjhtJ ,NaRfpwp];Jtpy; xUtd; itf;Fk; tpRthrk;
my;yJ ,NaRfpwp];Jitg; gw;wpa RtpNr~j;ij tpRthrpg;gJ xU fphpia
ahff; Fwpg;gplg;glbUg;gij ehk; mtjhdpf;fyhk;. Nuhkh; 1:7Yk; 16:25Yk; ,J
\\tpRthrj;Jf;Ff; fPog
; g
; bjy;|| vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt. \\2k; mjpfhuj;
jpy; \ed;iknra;jth;fs;| my;yJ \ew;fphpia nra;jth;fs;| vd;gJ (Nuh.2:7>10)
\RtpNr~nra;jpf;F fPog
; g
; be;jth;fisNa| Fwpf;fpd;wJ.||109 ,jdhy;jhd; 8k;
trdj;jpy;>
ew;fphpia
nra;ahjth;fs;
rj;jpaj;jpw;Ff;
fPog
; g
; bahky;
mepahaj;jpw;Ff; fPog
; g
; be;jpUf;fpwth;fs;|| vd;W rpj;jhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;. \\khdpl
fphpiafs; xd;wpy; tpRthrj;jpd; ntspg;ghlhf my;yJ mtpRthrj;jpd;
ntspg;ghlhf ,Uf;Fk;.||110 ,NaRfpwp];JTk; jk;ik tpRthrpg;gij ew;fphpia
vd;Nw Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh; (Nahth.5:29).111 cz;ikapy;> \\xUtdJ elj;ijKiw
trdj;jpypUe;Nj gTy; A+jh;fisg; gw;wpNa vOjpAs;shh;|| (C.E.B.Cranfield, Romans: International
Critical Commentary, pp. 138-139) vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy.
107
Gw[hjpahhpd; ghtq;fspy; jd;dpdr;Nrh;f;ifNa A+jh;fs; mth;fisf; Fw;wg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
gpujhd ghtkhapUe;jJ (J.R.Edwards, Romans: New International Biblical Commentary, pp. 61).
108
\\Njt Nfhghf;fpid|| vd;gJ> ghtj;jpd; kPjhd NjtDila ePjpahd jPhg
; ;ghFk;. ,J
\\ghtj;jpw;F vjpuhd NjtDila jdpg;gl;l gpujpf;fphpiaaha;|| (C.K.A.Barrett, Romans: The Harpers
New Testament Commentary, p. 33) \\ghtj;jpd; kPjhd NjtDila ghpRj;j ntWg;gpd; ntspg;ghlhf||
(C.Vaughan & B.Corley, Romans, Bible Study Commentary, p. 25), \\NjtDila ghpRj;jj;ij
Kuz;gLj;Jk; rfytw;wpd; kPJkhd mtUila fLikahd vjph;gg
; hf|| (J.Murray, Romans: The New
International Commentary on the New Testament Volume 1, p. 35) cs;sJ. Njtd; md;Gs;sth; vd;gJ
cz;ik vd;whYk;> mth; ghtj;ij ntWg;gtuhfTk; ghtpiaj; jz;bg;gtuhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whh;
vd;gij ehk; kwf;fyhfhJ (kj;.3:7> Y}f;.3:7> Nuh.3:7> Nuh.2:5> vNg.5:6> nfhNyh.3:6> ntsp.6:16-17>
11:18> 16:19> 19:15). cz;ikapy;> Njtid epuhfhpg;gth;fs; mtuJ Nfhgj;jpw;F cl;gLthh;fs;
vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy (2njr:1:6-10> Nuh.1:18).
109
110

J.R.Edwards, Romans: New International Biblical Commentary, pp. 67.

L.Morris, Romans:Pillar New Testament Commentary, p. 116.

111

,t;trdk; gw;wpa Nkyjpf tpsf;fj;jpw;F vdJ fh;j;jhpd; thh;ji

; jfspy; fbdkhd thpfs;
vd;Dk; E}ypy; 98 Kjy; 102 tiuapyhd gf;fq;fisg; ghh;ff
; Tk;.

22
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

mdJ ,jaj;jpd; epiyia ntspg;gLj;Jk;.||112 vdNt> ,NaRfpwp];Jit

tpRthrpahky;> mtiu epuhfhpg;gth;fs; Njt Nfhghf;fpidiaj; jq;fs; kPJ
Ftpj;Jf;
nfhs;Sfpwhh;fs;
vd;Nw
gTy;
,g;gFjpapy;
vOjpAs;shh;.
,NaRfpwp];Jtpdhy; kl;LNk tutpUf;Fk; Njt Nfhghf;fpidapypUe;J kf;fis
tpLtpf;fKbAk; vd;gjdhy; (1njr.1:10)> mtiu tpRthrpahjth;fs; Mf;fpidj;
jPhg
; G
; f;F cl;gLthh;fs; vd;gij kWg;gjw;fpy;iy (Nahth.3:36).113
Gw[hjpahUila ghtq;fs; fhuzkhf mth;fis ,opthdth;fshff; fUjpa
A+jh;fSf;F> mth;fs; A+jh;fistplTk; cah;thd epiyapy; ,Ug;gijg; gTy;
2:14-15y; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shh;. Gw[hjp cyfk; xOf;f newpaw;wjhfg; ghtq;fspy;
,Ug;gJ cz;iknad;whYk;> mth;fspYk; NjtDila xOf;fnewpfisf;
filgpbj;jth;fs;
cs;sdh;.
Njtd;
A+jh;fSf;F
epahag;gpukhzj;ijf;
nfhLj;J jkJ xof;fr;rl;lj;ij mth;fSf;F tpsf;fpAs;sNghjpYk;> ,j;jifa
vOjg;gl;l xOf;fr; rl;lj;ijg; ngwhj Gw[hjpahh; \\Rghtg;gb NjtDila
xOf;f tpjp Kiwfisg; gpd;gw;Wtjhfg;|| gTy; $Wfpd;whh;. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk;>
NjtDila epahag;gpukhzk; mth;fSila ,Ujaq;fspy; vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ
vd;gijAk;
gTy;
,t;trdq;fspy;
Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shh;.
A+jh;fSf;Fk;
NjtDila
xOf;fr;
rl;lk;
mth;fSila
,Ujaq;fspy;
nfhLf;fg
g
; l;bUe;jJ.114 Mdhy;> Gw[hjpahUf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;glhj epahag;gpukhzk;
A+jh;fsplk; ,Ue;jJ. mg;gbapUe;Jk; epahag;gpukhzj;ijg; ngwhj Gw[hjpfs;
kj;jpapy; A+jh;fis tpl xOf;fj;jpy; cah;thdth;fSk; ,Ue;Js;sdh;.115
112

J.A.Witmer, Romans: The Bible Knowledge Commentary, p. 445.

113

,NaRfpwp];Jitg; gw;wp Nfs;tpg;glhjth;fSf;F vd;d elf;Fk; vd;gijg; gw;wpa Ntjhfkg;

Nghjidia mwpe;J nfhs;s vdJ kDf;Fyj;jpw;fhd kfj;jhd ntspg;gLj;jy; vd;Dk; E}ypd;
117 Kjy; 139 tiuapyhd gf;fq;fisg; ghh;f;fTk;.
114
,aw;if cyfj;jpd; %yKk; khdpl ,jaj;jpYk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s NjtDila nghJthd
ntspg;gLj;jy; rfy kf;fSf;Fk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ntspg;gLj;jyhFk;. rq;fPjk; 19:1-6
mg;Ngh];jyh; 14:16-17> Nuhkh; 1:19-20 Nghd;w trdq;fspy; ,aw;ifapd; %yk; nfhLf;fg;gl;
Ls;s Njt ntspg;gLj;jiyg; gw;wp tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Nuhkh; 2:14-15Yk; gpurq;fp 3:11Yk;
khdpl ,jaj;jpy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Njtntspg;gLj;jiy mwpaj;jUfpd;wd. gpurq;fp 3:11y;>
rfyj;ijAk; mjpdjpd; fhyj;jpy; Nehj;jpaha; nra;j Njtd;> epj;jpaj;ij kdpjh;fSila
cs;sj;jpy; itj;jpUg;gjhff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;trdj;jpy; ek; jkpo; Ntjhfkj;jpy;
cs;s \\cyfk;|| vd;Dk; gjj;ij %ynkhopapd;gb \\epj;jpak;|| vd;Nw nkhopngah;ff
; Ntz;Lk;.
,t;trdj;jpy; mg;gjj;ij \\cyfk;|| vd;W nkhopngah;gg
; J jtwhFk; (D.A.Garrett, Proverbs,
Ecclesiastes, Song of Songs: The New American Commentary, p. 229). ,jdhy; jpUtptpypaj;jpy;
,t;trdk; \\fhyj;ijg; gw;wpa czh;it kdpjUf;Fj; je;jpUf;fpwhh;|| vd;Wk;> Nkhd`d;
vd;ghUila nkhopngah;gg
; py; \\epj;jpa fhy epiditAk; mth;fs; cs;sj;jpy; itj;jpUf;fpwhh;||
vd;Wk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. cz;ikapy;> kdpjDila cs;sj;jpy; epj;jpaj;ijf; Fwpj;j xU
czh;itj; Njtd; itj;Js;shh; vd;gNj ,t;trdj;jpd; mh;j;jkhFk; (M.A.Eaton, Ecclesiastes:
Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries, p. 81). Njtd; kl;LNk epj;jpakhdtuhf ,Ug;gjdhy;> ,J
Njtidg; gw;wpa czh;thfNt cs;sJ. ,jdhy;jhd; Njtid topglNtz;Lk; vd;Dk;
czh;T vy;yh kdpjUila cs;sj;jpYk; ,aw;ifahfNt cs;sJ. Mdhy;> kdpjh;fs;
NjtDila ntspg;gLj;jiy epuhfhpj;J> jq;fs; mwpTf;Nfw;wgb nray;gLtjdhy;> cz;ik
ahd Njtid topglhky;> jhq;fs; cUthf;fpd nja;tq;fis topgl;LtUfpd;wdh; (Nuh.1:21-25).
115
fpwp];jtuy;yhjth;fs; kj;jpapy; xOf;fnewpAs;sth;fs; ,Ug;gjw;Fk;> gpw kjq;fspy;
xOf;fk; rk;ge;jkhd Nghjidfs; ,Ug;gjw;F> Njtd; jkJ ePjpr; rl;lj;ij mth;fSila
cs;sq;fspy; vOjpAs;sikNa fhuzkhFk;. vdpDk; Guhjd fhyj;J kjq;fgs; midj;Jk;
Nuhkh; Kjyhk; mjpfhuj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sgb> Njtid epuhfhpj;J khdpl fw;gidfspy;
cUthditfshf ,Ug;gjdhy; mtw;wpy; xOf;ff;Nflhd mk;rq;fSk; ,Ue;jd. gpw;fhyj;jpy;
INuhg;gpa Vfhjpgj;jpaj;jpd; fPo; fpwp];jtk; KO cyfpYk; gutpaikahy;> INuhg;gpah;fspdhy;

23
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

vdNt> A+jh;fs; Gw[hjpahiuf; Fw;wQ; rhl;LtJ epahakw;wJ vd;gijg; gTy;

mwpaj;jUfpd;whh;. kdpjUila cs;sj;jpy; NjtDila epahag;gpukhzk;
vOjg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;Dk; cz;ikiaj; jw;fhyj;jpy; Ghpe;J nfhs;sKbahtpl;lh
Yk;> NjtDila epahaj;jhP g
; G
; ehspy; ,jid mwpe;J nfhs;syhk; vd;gijAk;
gTy; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shh; (Nuh.2:16).
NjtDila

xOf;fnewpr;

rl;lj;ijj;

jq;fs;

,Ujaq;fspy;

ngw;wpUe;j

Gw[hjpfs; mr;rl;lj;ij kPwp ele;jJ NghyNt> epahag;gpukhzj;ijg; ngw;w

A+jh;fSk; mtw;wpd; fl;lisfis kPwpele;jdh;. mth;fsJ ,j;jifa
epiyikia 2:17-23y; gTy; Rl;bf;fhl;b> ,jdhy;> NjtDila ehkk;
Gw[hjpahUf;Fs;Ns J}~pf;fg;gLfpd;wJ vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh; (2:24). epahag;
gpukhzk; jq;fsplk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gjpy; A+jh;fs; ngUkpjk; nfhz;ldh;.
Mdhy; mth;fs; epahag;gpukhzj;jpd; fl;lisfSf;Ff; fPog
; g
; be;J elf;ftpy;
116
iy.
\\jhq;fs; epahag;gpukhzj;ij itj;jpUg;gjdhy; mJ jq;fisg;
ghJfhf;Fk;
vd;W
A+jh;fs;
epidj;jhh;fs;.
Mdhy;
epahag;gpukhzk;

gyte;jkhf mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l fpwp];jtj;jpdJk; INuhg;gpa fyhr;rhuj;jpdJk; nry;thf;F

cyf kjq;fs; xOf;fhPjpahf rPhjpUj;jpaJ. ,J gw;wpa Nkyjpf tpsf;fj;jpw;F vdJ
gl;lg;gbg;Gf;fhd Muha;rr
; pahd The Legacy of the Controversies vd;Dk; E}ypd; %d;whk; mj;jpah
aj;ijg; ghh;ff
; Tk;.
116
Nuhkh; 2:21-22y; fsT> tpgrhuk;> tpf;fpufhuhjid Nghd;w ghtq;fs; ,Ug;gjhfg; gTy;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sij Vw;Wf;nfhs;s KbahJ vd;gJ rpy Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fspd; vz;zkhf
cs;sJ. gTy; ,t;trdq;fspy; A+jh;fs; nra;j ghtq;fisg; gw;wpay;y> mth;fspd; cs;sj;jpy;
,Ue;j ght vz;zq;fisg; gw;wpNa Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sjhf khl;bd; Y}j;jh; fUjpdhh; (Lectures on
Romans, pp. 57-58). A+jh;fs; gj;Jf; fw;gidfisf; iff;nfhz;L tho;e;jikahy; mjpy;
jilnra;ag;gl;bUe;j ,g;ghtq;fis mth;fs; nra;jpUf;f khl;lhh;fs; vd;Wk;> gj;Jf;
fw;gidfisf; nfhz;L mth;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jhky; ,Ue;jhy; A+jh;fSk; ,g;ghtq;fisr;
nra;thh;fs; vd;Dk; mhj;jj;jpNyNa gTy; ,t;thW vOjpAs;shh; vd;gJ rpy Ntj Muha;rr
; p
ahsh;fspd; jh;ff
; khf cs;sJ. Mdhy;> mf;fhyj;jpy; A+jh;fs; kj;jpapYk; ,j;jifa ghtq;fs;
,Ue;jJ gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs; cs;sd (J.R.Edwards, Romans: New International Biblical Commentary, pp.
77-78). vdNt A+jh;fisg; gw;wpa gTypd; Fw;wr;rhl;L cz;ikahdjhfNt cs;sJ. kj;NjA
23> Y}f;fh 11:39-52y; ,NaRfpwp];JTk; A+jh;fisf; fLikahff; Fw;wQ;rhl;bAs;shh;. gTyp
Fwpg;gpLk; ghtq;fspy; tpf;fpufhuhjid A+jh;fs; kj;jpapy; fhzg;glhjnjhd;W vd;gjdhy; rpyh;
gTypd; Fw;wr;rhl;il Vw;Wf;nfhs;s jaq;Ffpd;wdh;. Mdhy; tpf;fpufhujid vd;gjw;Fg; gTy;
%ynkhopapy; cgNahfpj;Js;s gjk; \\Nfhtpiyf; nfhs;isabj;jy;|| my;yJ \\Gdpj
];jyj;ij mRj;jkhf;Fjy;|| vd;Dk; mh;j;jKilaJ (H.G.Liddell & R.Scott, A Greek-English
Lexicon). tpf;fpuff; Nfhtpy;ifisf; nfhs;isapl;L> mq;Fs;s tpf;fpufq;fis tpw;W gzk;
rk;ghjpj;J te;j A+jh;fs; mf;fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jdh;. ,J cghfkk; 7:25-26I kPWk; nrayhf
,Ue;jJ (F.Josephus, The Antiquities of the Jews, 4:207). ,t;thW nra;Ak; A+jd; tpf;fpufj;ij
topglhjNghjpYk;> mjid tpiynfhLj;J thq;Fk; Gw[hjpahd; jhd; thq;fpa tpf;fpufj;ij
topgLtjdhy; A+jDk; tpf;fpuftopghl;Lf;F cl;gl;ltdhf ,Ug;gjhfg; gTy; fUjpAs;shh;
vd;W Ntj Muha;rr
; pahsh;fs; $Wfpd;wdh; (Cf. L.Morris, Romans: The Pillar New Testament
Comentary, pp. 136-137). mg;Ngh];jyh; 19:37y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tplak; mf;fhyj;jpy; A+jh;fs;
kPJ Nfhtpw; nfhs;isf;fhuh; vd;Dk; Fw;wk; Rkj;jg;gLtJ rhjhuzkhd tplak; vd;gij
mwpaj;jUtJk; ,t;tpsf;fj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jtjha cs;sjhff; fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. Mdhy;
ngUk;ghyhd Ntj Mua;rr
; pahsh;fs;> A+jh;fs; vUrNyk; Njthyaj;ijf; nfhs;isapLtijg;
gw;wpNa tpf;fpufhuhj idahf ,t;trdj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sjhff; fUJfpd;wdh;. mjhtJ
A+jh;fs; NjtDf;F nfhLf;f Ntz;baitfisf; nfhLf;fhkYk;> vUrNyk; Myag; gzj;ijf;
nfhs;isapLt ijAk; gw;wpNa gTy; ,t;trdj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sjhff; ,th;fs; $Wfpd;wdh;.
,jw;F Mjhukhf ky;fpah 1:14Yk;> 3:8Yk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s A+jh;fSila topghl;L KiwAk;>
fp.gp.19y; vUrNyk; Myaj;jpw;fhfg; gzk; Nrfhpj;J mijj; jq;fSf;fhf itj;jf;nfhz;l
Fw;wj;jpw;fhf A+jh;fs; NuhkpypUe;J ntspnaw;wg;gl;lJk; (F.Josephus, The Antiquities of the Jews,
18:81-84) Mjhukha; ,Ug;gjhff; $Wg;gLfpd;wJ (Cf. J.D.G.Dunn, Romans 1-8: Word Biblical
Commentary Volume 38, pp. 114-115).

24
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

mth;fisf; Fw;wthspfs; vd;Nw jPh;jj

; J.||117 mf;fhyj;jpy; tpUj;jNrjdj;jpw;F
Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
nfhLj;Jte;j
A+jh;fs;>
epahag;gpukhzj;jpd;
Vida
fl;lisfis kPwpaikahy;> mth;fsJ tpUj;jNrjdj;jpy; vt;tpj gpuNah[d
Kk; ,y;iy vd;gijAk; gTy; mth;fSf;Fr; Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shh; (Nuh.2:25-27).
\\mf;fhy

A+jh;fs;

fUjpdhh;fs;.||

118

tpUj;jNrjdj;ijg;

guNyhfj;jpd;

ngwhjth;fis

cs;Ns

tpUj;jNrjdk;

NjtDila

thrypy;

guNyhfj;jpw;fhd
epw;Fk;

mDkjpf;fkhl;lhh;

Mgpufhk;>

tpUj;jNrjdk;

mth;fs;

ek;gpdhh;fs;.119

vd;W

epahaj;jhP g
; g
; pypUe;J

mDkjpr;rl
P l
; hfNt

jk;ik

tpLtpf;Fk;

120

vd;gJ mf;fhy A+jh;fSila ek;gpf;ifahf ,Ue;jJ.

mwpKfg; gFjp (Nuh.1:1-17)

1. NjtDila ePjpapd; mtrpak; (1:18-3:20)
(m). Gw[hjp cyfj;jpd; ght epiy (1:18-32)
Njtrj;jpaj;ij mlf;fpitj;Js;sdh; (1:18)
Njtntspg;gLj;jiy myl;rpag;gLj;jpAs;sdh; (1:19-20)
Njtkfpikia mtkjpj;Js;sdh; (1:21-23>25)
Njtjz;lidia mDgtpj;Js;sdh; (1:24> 26-32).
(M). A+j cyfj;jpd; ght epiy (2:1-3:8).
Gw[hjpahiuf; Fw;wQ;rhl;bte;jdh; (2:1-11)
Gw[hjpahiug;NghyNt Fw;wthspahapUe;jdh; (2:12-24)
Renan, Saint Paul, p. 254.
Zahn, Theodore. Introduction to the New Testament Volume 11.Grand Rapids: Kregel Publications, 1953.

117

C.Vaughan & B.Corley, Romans, Bible Study Commentary, p. 36.

C.K.Barrett, Romans: The Harpers New Testament Commentaries, p. 58.
119
J.R.Edwards, Romans: New International Biblical Commentary, p. 79.
120
C.E.B.Cranfield, Romans: The International Critical Commentary Volume 1, p. 172.
118

25
M.S.Vasanthakumar, Tamil Bible Research Centre, London, June 2006.

nray;