Professional Documents
Culture Documents
NASA, TN D-8164
COMPUTER PROGRAM
-LOfipl COPY: R E T U R N TO
FOR DESIGN ANALYSIS
&FW*. 1 ZCHNICAL LIBRARY
KIFiTLAND AFB, N. M.
OF RADIAL-INFLOW TURBINES
A~tburJ. GZassman
Lewis Research Center
Clevehnd, Ohio 44135
N A T I O N A L AERONAUTICS A N D SPACE A D M I N I S T R A T I O N
WASHINGTON, D. C.
FEBRUARY 1976
1.
0333943
2. Government Accession N o
1. Report No.
NASA TN D-8164
~~
5. Report Date
February 1976
7. Author(s)
E -8394
Arthur J. Glassman
~ _ _ _ _
505-04
Technical Note
.
__
16. Abstract
Radial-inflow turbine
Turbine design
Unclassified
Unclassified
Unclassified
- unlimited
21. N
;;o.
Pages
* For sale by the National Technical Information Service, Springfield. Virginia 22161
22. Price
$6.
by A r t h u r J . Glassman
Lewis Research Center
SUMMARY
This report presents a computer program for the design analysis of radial-inflow
turbines. Input design requirements a r e power, mass flow rate, inlet temperature and
pressure. and rotative speed. The design variables include stator-exit anglcl. rotorexit-tip to rotor-inlet radius ratio. rotor-exit-hub to tip radius ratio. and the magnitude
and radial distribution of rotor-exit t'mgential velocity. The turbine losses, which a r e
determined by an internal loss model, include those due to stator and rotor boundary
layers, tip clearance, disk friction, and exit velocity. The program output includes
diameters, total and static efficiencies, and all absolute and relative temperatures,
pressures, velocities, and flow angles at stator inlet. stator exit. rotor inlet. and rotor
exit. A t the rotor exit, these values a r e presented at any number of radial positions up
to a maximum of 17.
Presented in this report are the loss model, the analysis equations, an explanation
of input and output. and the FORTRAN program listing and variable list. Sample cases
a r e included to illustrate use of the program.
INTRODUCTION
The analysis of a power o r propulsion system involves many repetitive calculations
of component performance and geometry over a range of conditions. Such calculations
are most easily and quickly done by a computer. One component of interest for small
gas turbine systems is the radial-inflow turbine. Radial-inflow turbine geometries for
achieving maximum static efficiency a r e presented as a function of specific speed in
reference 1. However, there appeared to be no readily available computer program for
performing the velocity-diagram analysis required for determining geometry and estimating performance.
A computer program for the design analysis of radial-inflow turbines was, therefore, developed. Input design requirements a r e power, mass flow rate, inlet temperature and pressure, and rotative speed. The design variables include stator-exit angle,
rotor-exit-tip to rotor-inlet radius ratio, rotor-exit-hub to tip radius ratio, and the
magnitude and radial distribution of rotor-exit tangential velocity. The turbine losses
include those due to stator and rotor boundary layers, tip clearance, disk friction, and
exit velocity. The program output includes diameters , total and static efficiencies ,
and all absolute and relative temperatures, pressures, velocities, and flow angles at
stator inlet, stator exit, rotor inlet, and rotor exit. A t the rotor exit, these values can
be presented at any number of radial positions up to a maximum of 1 7 .
This radial-inflow turbine design analysis computer program is described herein.
Presented in this report a r e the loss model, the analysis method, an explanation of input and output, and the FORTRAN program listing and variable list. Sample cases a r e
included to illustrate use of the program.
LOSS MODEL
An important part of any turbine design problem is the estimation of losses. The
loss model used for this analysis is a modification and extension of the model used in
reference 1. Accounted for by this model a r e the three-dimensional (profile plus end
wall) viscous losses in the stator and the rotor, the disk-friction loss on the back side
of the rotor, the loss due to the clearance between the rotor tip and the outer casing,
and the exit velocity loss.
Viscous Loss
The stator and rotor viscous losses a r e each expressed in terms of a kineticenergy loss coefficient, which is defined as the loss in kinetic energy a s a fraction of
the ideal kinetic energy of the blade row actual flow. In terms of boundary layer parameters (see ref. 2 ) , the two-dimensional kinetic-energy loss coefficient is expressed a s
e2D
+tot
s cos 6, - G t o t
-t
where the flow angle 6, is equal to a l for the stator and p 2 for the rotor.
The symbols a r e defined in appendix A. The station designations a r e indicated on the
2
and
(3)
6 = H6
into equation (l), introducing the surface length
nator by blade-row exit spacing s yield
e2D =
cos ih
_ ~ .
- -t - H(+)
)(;
(4)
);f
-'tot - C 1
ref
Re ) o ' 2
(5)
Reref
The factor C is introduced as a convenience for modifying the loss leve if desired.
It is further assumed that the ratio of three-dimensional loss to two-dimensional loss
is equal to the ratio of three-dimensional (blade surface plus end wall) surface area to
two-dimensional (blade wall) surface area (see ref. 2); that is,
-0.2
ref
-~
e3D =
-0.2
S
ref
Equation (7) is used to determine the three-dimensional viscous losses in the stator and
the rotor. Evaluation of the various terms in equation (7) is a s follows.
Flow angle. A s mentioned previously,
+ s =a!1
and
Energy and form factors. - The energy and form factors a r e obtained from equations (7-14) and (7-13), respectively, of reference 2 using a velocity profile exponent
of 0 . 2 . Sufficient numbers of terms a r e used for each series such that additional
terms affect the series sum by less than 0 . 1 percent. The resultant equations a r e
E=
1.92
1
1.68
3.2
4.8
6.72
+A+-+&
Q2
2.88
4.4
6.24
and
2
2.0
2.4
2.8
3
1+3Q+5Q+7Q+9Q
H = 1.2
1.6
-+-+-+%
1
Q
1.68
2.88
Q2
4.4
6.24
(e,,,
and
Reynolds number.
stator,
- Blade-row
For the
Res
--
pDl cos
and
Rer =
The solidity c/s is an input value, while the aspect ratio h/c is either input or computed from the stator geometry model depending an the case.
6
For the rotor, the trailing-edge thickness is 4 percent of the rotor blade exit
height; that is,
t = 0. 04(r2,
- r2,h)
(2 3)
-.(.20 - r:)
Aw, s -
nS
(0 -
Aw, s = 2.
1
Since
-A3D-
Ab + Aw
A2D
Ab
t, r + Aw, h, r
*by r
\A2DL
Disk-Friction Loss
The disk-friction loss is calculated using equations (8-7) , @-lo), and (8-15) of reference 4 with the coefficient CIv = 0.085. For one side of a disk, the friction loss is,
therefrom, expressed as
3 2
0.02125 plaUlarla
Ldf =
la
_----._...._I...
."...,,..,
.I
111..
I , 1.11.11111
,111
.,,,I
,111
111
,I
I I I
,,,,,,,
I,
I I
I I I
I1111111.
IIIII
Lc
av
where h /D
c
hC
r2, t
(33)
- r2, h
ANALYSIS METHOD
The flow analysis is one dimensional at the stator inlet, stator exit, and rotor inlet,
each of these calculation stations being at a constant radius. A t the rotor exit, where
there is a variation in flow-field radius, an axisymmetric two-dimensional analysis is
made using constant height sectors. Simple radial equilibrium is used to establish the
static pressure gradient a t the rotor exit.
The fluid energy corresponding to the shaft power requirement is
cPp
Jw
(35)
Disk friction and clearance losses, which a r e expressed by equations (32) and (33), respectively, are added to the shaft work to yield the average total fluid energy extraction; that is,
*+ID,
av = ahhlft+
Lc
*GD,
av
LC
1-
& i av
~,
The numerical values needed for evaluating La
iteration is used starting with La = 0.
The turbine energy transfer equation is
*GD,
(37)
av
i=l
Substituting
~ p u ) ~= 'lavu,
,
la
- L C w ir 2 , ivu , 2 , i
i=1
A s discussed in reference 5, the rotor inlet gas tangential velocity and blade speed can
be related as
10
Substituting equations (40) and (41) into equation (39) and solving for blade speed yield
1 - -2
The rVu ratio is specified as input, and nr is determined from equation (C19) of
appendix C . With Ula h o w n , equation (41) is used to determine Vu, la. Rotor inlet
diameter is
Stator Exit
The conditions at the stator exit, station 1, a r e computed from the following equations. The radius ratio r 1/ r l a and the stator exit angle Q 1 are known input values.
Stator loss coefficient Zs can be either input o r computed from the previously presented loss model. If the loss model is used, the stator-exit calculation is iterative
between equations (50) to (54).
v1 =
vu, 1
sin Q 1
(47)
a
11
T i = Tb
T1 = T i
(48)
--
(49)
2gJc
P
Pb
P1
RT1
D. =' I
h =
(54)
plvrad, lrD1
'cr,
1=
gRTi
Y + l
(55)
Stator Inlet
Stator-inlet diameter Do and flow angle Q 0 a r e either input o r calculated from
the stator geometry model, appendix B. Stator height hs is assumed constant, and the
following four equations a r e solved simultaneously f o r the stator-inlet, station 0, conditions Vo, To, po, and po:
vo =
nDohspo cos a0
12
T =Tb0
2gJc
P
PO
Po = RTO
(57)
(59)
Rotor Inlet
Assuming no change in total temperature o r total pressure between stator exit and
rotor inlet (i.e . T i a = T i and p i a = p i ) , we can solve the following s e t of six equations for the variables indicated on the left sides:
vradyl a - vrad, 1
PIDl
PI aD1a
13
-1
l a =tan
Vu,la
vrad, l a
A t this point there is sufficient information for evaluation of disk friction loss from
equation (32), and the calculation cycles back to equation (36b) until a convergence is
obtained.
The rotor-inlet conditions relative to the rotor are
wu, l a
pl,
vu, l a
= tan-l
- 'la
wu, l a
Vrad. l a
Rotor Exit
A t the rotor exit, station 2 , the annulus is divided into equal-height sectors, with
the sectors being related by simple radial equilibrium. The solution at the rotor exit
has to satisfy two input requirements, average specific work and flow. This is done by
means of two iteration loops. The outer-loop iteration is started by setting a value for
the mean-sector tangential velocity Vu, 2, m' The inner loop is then cycled by varying
14
- ..
. ... _---..
.. . . .
.. ..
. . . .
.. . .... ..
'2,
- nD2 ,iN
i-
cN
2
2
T i y i = TYa + '2,i - U l a
2gJc
P
(7 3)
/
,
1
1
zr
-1 WU,2,m
P2,m = tan
V,,2,m
(77)
For the other sectors, the rotor loss coefficient is assumed constant and equal to
the mean-sector value. The angular momentum distribution
is
specified a s input. The calculation then proceeds from the mean sector into the hub and
from the mean sector out to the tip; thus,
16
After equations (83) to (91) a r e evaluated for all values of j , the mass flow rate at
the rotor exit is calculated a s
wcalc =,IT
D 2 , t - D2,h
2k
Pa,iVx,z,iD2 , i
i=l
AhbD,i=1 (U
gJ
la u,la
- u2,ivu,2,i
(93)
(94)
17
2, i
= --1
u,2,i
vx,2,i
Performance
There are five types of losses considered in this analysis. The disk-friction and
clearance losses are obtained from equations (32) and (33), respectively. The stator,
rotor, and leaving losses are
Lr,av
-2
i=l
i=l
18
2 w2,id,i - w 2 , i
2gJ
~ V Di ,
ahb~,i
Ahid. i
i=1
i=l
V h f t= V b D , a v
%D,
av
77shft= qVD, av
*ht
* t ~ ,av
SP
(J
aJ3l4
Input
The program input consists of a title card and a data set in NAMELIST form for
each case. The title, which is printed a s a heading on the output listing, can be located
anywhere in columns 1 to 78 on the title card. A title card, even if it is left blank,
must be the first card for each case.
The data a r e input in data records having the NAMELIST name INPUT. The variables that comprise INPUT along with descriptions, units, and special remarks a r e presented in the list to follow. Either SI units o r U. S. customary units may be used with
this program. Values for some of the variables in the input list a r e internally preset
by the program before reading the input. Thus, if a preset value (see input list for values) is appropriate, that particular variable does not have to be specified in the input.
IU
NSTAR
20
ALPHA0
stator-inlet flow angle from radial direction, deg (input only for
NSTAR = 0 or 1)
ALPHA1
C DT2
CR
cs
EBARR
rotor loss coefficient (input only if it is desired that internal loss model
z2
stator loss coefficient (input only if it is desired that internal loss model
not be used for computing ZS)
GAM
MU
POW
PTIN
RH2 RT2
rotor-exit-hub
RT2 R1A
rotor-exit-tip
RVlAAV
RV212M(I),
I= l,K
RO R1A
R1 R1A
SIGSIN
STAR
TTIN
- to tip-radius
- to
ratio
rotor-inlet-radius
ratio
OR
21
The program inputs for two sample cases are shown in table I. Both cases a r e for
the same design requirements. The first case is with SI units and the second case is
with U. S. customary units. The first card for each case is the previously described
title card. A f t e r the title card is the NAMELIST data set containing all the variable
values. For the second case, only those variables changing in value from the first case
need be input. The output corresponding to this sample input is presented and described
in the following section.
output
The program output consists of title headings, the input variable values, and the
computed results. This section presents normal output. E r r o r message output is described in the next section.
Tables II and 111present the output that corresponds to the sample input shown in
table I. Table 11 is for the case with SI units. The top line of output is a program identification title that is automatically printed with the first case of each data package.
The second line is the title card message. The next three lines indicate the units, SI
in this case, used for the different variables.
The heading *INPUT* is followed by eight lines showing the input values used for
this case. Identification of all the items on the output listing is self-explanatory. The
zero value shown for stator aspect ratio indicates that this was not an input for this
case. Values of 1.0000 are shown for the stator and rotor loss coefficients to indicate
that the actual values a r e computed using the internal loss model.
The heading *OUTPUT* is followed by the computed results. Absolute tempera.tures, pressures, flow angles, velocities, and velocity ratios, along with diameter,
a r e shown for each calculation station. A t the rotor exit, these values a r e shown for
the mean diameter of each sector a s well as for the hub and the tip. Additional output
for the rotor-exit sectors include flow rate, specific work, and total and static efficiencses. Also shown are the computed loss coefficients for the stator and rotor, the
stator height, number of stator vanes, and number of rotor blades.
Under the heading *OVERALL PERFORMANCE* are the turbine total-to-total and
total-to-static pressure ratios, diagram specific work, and both diagram and net total
and static efficiencies. Also shown a r e the individual loss components a s fractions of
the turbine ideal work and the specific speed.
Table 111is similar to table 11 except that U. S. customary units a r e used, a s indicated by the title message as well as by the specified units themselves. Note that the
values for all the dimensionless variables are the same in table I11 a s in table II.
22
E r r o r Messages
The program contains seven output messages indicating the nonexistence of a solution satisfying the specified input requirements. These messages a r e presented in this
section, and their causes a r e discussed. In general, when one of these messages appear, the program input should be checked f o r e r r o r s .
(1)NO SOLUTION FOUND A F T E R 100 ITERATIONS FOR CONTINUITY A T ROTOR
EXIT - This message is caused by the program making 100 iterations through subroutine CONTIN without a solution being found. There is no obvious reason for this
situation except possibly f o r input e r r o r in the specification of rotor-exit angular momentum.
(2) ROTOR EXIT CHOKES A T MAXIMUM MASS FLOW RATE = XXXX. XMM This message is caused by the choking mass flow rate for the rotor exit being less than
the design flow rate specified a s program input. If the input design requirements a r e
correct, then possible corrective action includes reducing exit angular momentum, increasing rotor-exit-tip- to rotor-inlet-radius ratio, and decreasing rotor-exit-hub- to
tip-radius ratio.
(3) REQUIRED SPECIFIC WORK GREATER THAN ENERGY AVAILABLE IN GAS See item (4).
(4) SPECIFIC WORK REQUIRED IN SECTOR X X GREATER THAN ENERGY
AVAILABLE IN GAS - These last two messages a r e caused by the turbine-exit total
temperature, average value o r any sector value, being less than zero. Possible corrective action includes increasing turbine inlet temperature, decreasing turbine power,
o r increasing mass flow rate.
(5) REQUIRED STATOR IDEAL KINETIC ENERGY GREATER THAN ENERGY
AVAILABLE IN GAS - See item ( 6 ) .
(6) ROTOR IDEAL RELATIVE KINETIC ENERGY REQUIRED IN SECTOR XX
GREATER THAN ENERGY AVAILABLE IN GAS - These last two messages a r e caused
by the computed ideal energy required by the stator o r the rotor being greater than that
available from an infinite expansion of the gas. The probable reason f o r this condition
is an e r r o r in the computed o r input loss coefficient.
(7) THE PROGRAM CAN NOT FIND A SOLUTION SIMULTANEOUSLY SATISFYING
CONTINUITY, RADIAL E Q . , AND THE LOSS MODEL A T THE ROTOR EXIT - This
message is caused by rotor-exit relative velocity, a s determined by radial equilibrium
and radial distribution of loss, being less than its tangential component, a s determined
primarily by blade speed. Corrective action includes decreasing rotor-exit tip radius
and increasing rotor-exit-hub to tip radius ratio.
23
PROGRAM DESCRIPTION
This computer program consists of main program RIFTUD (Radial
-Inflow Turbine
Design), blade loss coefficient subprograms EFFIC, SIMPSl, SHUB, and SHUB2, and
rotor-exit continuity subprograms CONTIN and PABC. The entire program is written
in FORTRAN IV language and has been run on both an IBM 7094 and a TJNIVAC 1110.
Running time on the UNIVAC 1110 is about 1 second per design case for a five-sector
design. In this section, the functions of the main and subprograms a r e described, the
program variables are defined,. and the program listing is presented.
Main program RIFTUD performs all input and output operations as well as all of
the flow analysis as presented in the section ANALYSIS METHOD.
Program variables. - The variables used in RIFTUD are defined in terms of the
following symbols, which a r e defined in appendix A:
(degrees)
BE TA2(I)
ALPHAA
CY
ALPHA0
a0 (degrees)
BETlA
ALPHA1
a l (degrees)
BETB(I)
ALPHAB(I)
CY
ALPHO
CY^
(radians)
CDT2
ALPHl
a1 (radians)
CHRD
ALPHlA
CY
la
(radians)
CN
CN/
ALPH2(I)
CY
2, i
(radians)
CP
ALP0
a. (degrees)
CPOW
cP
ALPlA
CR
la
2 , i (degrees)
BET2M
<hCDt>z
ALSTG
cs
cS
ALUNC
DELVX
increment in VX/vcr
BETAlA
24
)2,m
DHIDS (I)
Ahid, i
DHIDSA
Ahid, av
DH IDT(1)
DHIDTA
DHSHFT
DHV4Q
DHVDAV
DOR
Ahid, i
Ahid, av
Ahkhft
a h ti ~ ,
A h t ~av
,
ENT
ER
ES1
ETAS
ETASV
ETA SVQI)
ETAT
bvJ2,
av, calc
ETATV
DVUTOT
DVU2AV
DO
DO
D1
D1A
er
ES
18O/r
DVUAVC
previous value of Zs
77 shft
rl VD, av
VVD, i
77 Lhft
77
b ~av,
ETATVLQ
DVU
2, av, required
w2, i
G
Dl
Dl
a
GAM
HR
hr
D2(0
D2, i
D2 M
D2, m
EBARR
e r input value
e,
ID
I1
EBARS
HS
input value
hS
EL
h r , 2
EN
nr
IND
IST
ENS
ENST
25
ISTT
ITER
- see sec-
PSO
PO
PS1
P1
PSlA
IU
units indicator
tion Input
number of sectors
PTRlA
KK
K +2
PTm(I)
KP1
K + 1
K1
PTO
LC
PT1
LC
PTIN
PTmIqI)
LCDH
LC/*GD,
LCDHIS
Lc/&id, av
LLDHIS
Lex, ad*id,
LRDHIS
LSDHIS
PTlA
av
PT2(Q
av
r, a d*id,av
Ls/ahid, av
LW
PSZ(I)
df
Q
R
RH OTO
RHOX
RH 0 0
PO
previous value of La
RH 01
p1
RH 0 1 A
Pl a
MU
c1
RH WI)
P2, i
NSTAR
stator geometry
indicator - see section
Input
LWDHIS
Ldf/ahid, av
LWX
RH2RT2
RL OSS
RSTG
PI
71
POW
26
RT2 R1A
L r , av
RVlAAV
TTWI)
!'i,
TTO
TT1
RV2 I2 M(I)
TTlA
RORlA
TT2(I)
RlRlA
TT2AV
Ti
'5,
av
U1A
SIGRV
U1A SQ
SIGS
WI)
SIGSIN
VCRl
ss
SSPD
VCRlA
NSP
VCR2(I)
STAR
VOVCRA
TGJCP
2gJc
TITLE(I)
input/outp ut a r r a y f o r
title card message
VOVCRl
TSPR
P V P,~i
VOVCR2(r)
TSO
TO
TS1
TSlA
VR1
Tla
VRlA
i
VUOUlA
TTIN
TTPR
TTRlA
VRO
T1
TS2(I)
VOVCRO
T;;a
vu0
vu1
vu, 0
vu, 1
27
VUlA
vu, l a
v u 20
p r e v i o u s value of V
v u 2 (I)
vu72,i
WOWCRA
WOWCRM
VXVCRP
p r e v i o u s value of
wowcR2 (I)
VX2 (I)
vx, 2 , i
VXVCR
vo
v1
u,2,m
WGIV
vO
V1A
VlIDSQ
(I)
2
'1, id
W2IDSQ(I)
v27 i
W2TOT
V2LOSS
..
Lex, av
WCALC
wcalc
WCRlA
Wcr, l a
Program listing.
28
z1
1 RVZI2R(I)=IoO
1u=2
ITERZO
PI=3014159
DOR=5702958
ROR 1A Z O 0
ALPHA0=999099
URITE16.100)
100 F O R R A T ( l H l ~ 3 9 X ~ 5 4 H R A O I A L
I N F L O Y T U R B I N E V E L O C I T Y O I A G F A M D E S I G N AN
1 1 L YSIS 1
Z R E A D (5.101)
TITLE
101 f O R M A T ( 1 3 A 6 )
IF(ITERoGTo0) U R I T E ( 6 r l O l l )
1011 F O R M A T t l H 1 )
URITEf6.1OZ)
TITLE
102 F O R M A T ( 1 H 91316)
READ ( 5 r I N P U T )
I F (NSTAR.EOoC)
STARzO.0
IST=O
VXVCRP=O.O
OELVX=O.Ol
ALPHO=ALPHAO/DOR
ALPHl=ALPHAl/DOR
IF( N S T A R - N E 2 1 A L S T G Z f A L P H O + A L P H l ) / Z
EN=PI/30.*(110.-ALPHAl)*TAN~ALPHl~
ENTZAINT(EN)
5 ) ENZENT
I F t E N-E N T L T
I F ( E N-E N T .GE
5 1 E N = E N T + 1.
VUOUlA=l.-Zo/EN
UGIVZU
MP1= M + 1
U R I T E C69103)
1213 F O R M A T ( 3 9 H O T H I S O U T P U T I S I N T H C F O L L O U I N G U N I T S . /
1
1 2 9 H O T E H P E R I T U R E PRESSURE
G A S CONST
R O T SPEED
WdSS
ZFLOU
POUER
V I SCOSlT Y
VELOCITY
SPFC 30RM
DIAMETER
3
ANGLE)
GO T O ( 3 9 4 ) V I U
3 cPou=looD.
J-1 e
GZ1
CN=Z
PTO=PTIN*10000.
URITE ( 6 9 1 0 4 )
1 0 4 F O R M I I T ( ~ X ~ H K E L V I N ~ X ~ H N /CSMO4 X B H J L S / K G - W S X 7 H R A D / S E C 5 X 6 H M G / S E C 8 X 2 H K
lUbXlOHN-SEC/SO H ~ J X S H M / S E C ~ X ~ H J L S / G ~ ! ~ X Z H C M ~ X ~ H D E G R E E S )
GO T O 5
4 cPou=55c.
JZ777.649
G=32 1 7 4
CN=60o/PI
PTO=PTIN+144
URITE ( 6 ~ 1 0 5 )
105 F O R M A T f 1 2 H D E G R A N K I N E Z X 8 H L B / S O I N 4 X B H B T U / L B - R 5 X 7 H R E V / M I N 5 X 6 H L B / S E
1 C B X Z H H P 7 X Q H L B / F T -SE C 4 X 6 H F T I S E C 6 X 6 H B T U / L B 8 x 2 H I N 8 X 7 H D E G R E E S )
5 DHSHFT=CPOY/J*POU/Y
EX=GAM/(GAH-l.)
CP=E X * R / J
TGJCP=Zo*G*J*CP
C
C
U R I T E I N P U T VALUES
29
C
URITE I 6 ~ 1 0 6 ) T T I N ~ A L P H A O ~ E B A R S ~ R ~ P T I N ~ A L P H A l ~ E B A R R ~ G A M ~ N ~ S T A R
I R V l A A V ~ H U ~ U ~ K ~ P O Y ~ R O R l A
106 F O R M A T t 8 H O * I N P U T * / 1 3 H
I N L E T TEMP = , F l O o 4 * 7 X * 1 8 H S T A T O R
I N ANGLE
l F 6 o 2 * 6 X * 1 9 H S T A T O R K E L O S C O E F = * F 6 0 4 * 5 X * 1 4 H G A S CONSTANT =F804/13H I
ZNLET P R E S S = ~ F l O o 4 ~ 7 X ~ l B H S T A T O
EX
R 4NGLE
=9Fbe2*6X919HROTOR KE LOS
3 5 C O E F = v F 6 o 4 * 5 X * 1 4 H S P E C HT R A T I O = p F 6 o Q / 1 3 H R O T A T S P E E D = ~ F l O o 3 ~ 7 X p l
48HSTATOR ASPECT RAT=*F6.4*
4
6X919HROTOR I N / D E L RVU
= ~ F 6 ~ 4 ~ 5 X ~ 1 4 H V J S C O S I T
5Y
= * E 1 0 0 4 / 1 3 H MASS F L O b
=pFlO.4*7X*llHDIAM
RATIOS~19X~l9HROTOR
6 E X R A D S E C T S = * I Z / 1 3 H SHAFT P O Y E R = * f l O o 3 * 8 X 1 1 7 H S T I T I N / R O T I N = * f
76.4.6X*lPWROT
E X SECT/HN RVU=)
Kl=K
IF(KoGTo1O) Kl=1O
(RV2IZMII)*l=lrKl)
U R I T E t6.107)
197 F O R M A T I l H + r 7 8 X * F 4 0 2 * 9 F 5 0 2 )
U R I T E (6.108)
RlRlA
1 0 8 FORMATl31Xp17HSTAT EX/ROT I N
=*F604)
f F I K o G T o 1 0 ) URITE (69109) I R V 2 1 2 M ( I ) * I = l l r K )
139 F O R Y A T I l H + * 7 7 X * 5 F S o Z )
YRITE I 6 ~ l l O ~ R T 2 R l A ~ R H 2 R T 2 ~ C D T Z
113 F O R M A T I 3 1 X * 1 7 H R O T E X T P / R O T I N = * F 6 . 4 / 3 1 X * l I H R O T
EX H U B / T I P
=F604*
1 6 X 9 1 9 H C L HT/ROT EX T I P D = * F 6 0 4 )
LCDH=CDT2*2o/(l.-RHZRTZ)
LU=3.0
6 DHVDAV=(DHSHFT+LU)/(l.-LC&H)
IsTT=n
TTZAVrTTIN-DHVDAV/CP
IF(TTZAV.LToOo0)
G O TO 203
UlASO=G*J/VUOUlA*DHVDAV*RVlAAV
U 1A = S O R T ( U l A S 0 )
VUlA=Ulb*VUOUlA
DlA=CN*UlA/N
C
C
STATION 1
STATOR E X I T
C
0 1 = R 1 R 1A * D l A
V U 1 =VU1A / R l R l A
Vl=VUI/SIN(ALPHl)
VRl=VUl/TAN(ALPH1)
TTlZTTIN
T S l = T T l - V l * V l /TG J C P
25 E S l = L S
ESZEBARS
I F ( E B A R S . E Q o l . O o A N D o I S T o E ~ o O ) ESz.05
I F I E B A R S .E 4 1 0 AND I S T G T 0 1 C A L L E FF IC
IST=IST+l
ISTT=ISTT*l
7 VlIDSO=Vl*Vl/( lo-ES)
Zl=lo-VlIDSOITGJCP/TTl
I F l Z l o L E o O o O ) GO T O 204
P S 1= P T O * Z l * * E X
PTl=PSl*(TTl/TSl)**EX
RHO1= P S l / R / T S l
HS=Y/RHO1/VRl/PI /D1
VCRl=SORTIZo*GAH/(GA~+lo)*G*R*TTl)
VOVCRl=Vl/VCRl
C
C
C
30
STATION D
STATOR I N L E T
t E S r ER 11
1FtNSTARoGT.O)
GO T O 7 1
DU=O 1 A * R O R l A
CHRD~S0RT~DO**2+Dl**t-SQRT((DO**2+DI**21**2-~DD**Z-D1**2~**2/
lCOStALSTG)**2))/2o
S T A R =HS / C H R D
ALUNC=ALPHl-ALPHO-A
C O S ~ ( G O * * ~ + D I * * ~ - ~ ~ * C H R D * * ~ ) / ~ O / D ~ )
7Ci C O N T I N U E
IF(ISToEOo1) SIGS=SIGSIN
SS=CHRD/SIGS
ENS= P I * D l / S S
ENS T = A I N T t E N S 1
IF(ENS-ENST*LTo*!j)
ENSZENST
IF(ENS-ENST*GE*oS)
ENS=ENST+lo
SS= P I * D l / E N S
SIGS=CHRD/SS
IF(EBARSoNEo1.0)
GO T O 26
IF(ISTT.EO*l)
GO TO 25
1 F ~ A B S ~ E S - E S l ) I E S o G T . o D O O l ) GO T O 25
26 T T O Z T T I N
RHOTO=PTO/R/TTO
RHOO=RHOTO
9
VO=U/PI/DO/HS/COS(ALPHO)/RHOO
TSO=TTO-VD**Z/TGJCP
PSO=PTO*(TSO/TTO)**EX
RHOX =RHO0
R H O O = P S D / R / T SO
I F ( A B S ~ R H O X - R H O O ) / R H O O o G T ~ o ~ O D l )G O
VUO=VO*SIN(ALPHO)
VRO=VO*COS(ALPHO)
VOVCRO=VO/VCRl
C
C
C
STATION 1 A
TO 9
ROTOR I N L E T
ALPHlA=ALPHl
8 VRlA=VUIA/TAN(ALPHlA)
V 1 A = V U 1A / S I N t A L P H l A 1
TT1 A =TT 1
T S 1 A=T T 1A -V 1A*V 1A / T G J C P
P S l A = P T 1* t T S l A / T T 1 ) + * E X
RHOlA=PSlA/R/TSlA
VRlA~VRl*RHOl/RHOlA*RlRlA
ALPlA-ALPHlA
ALPHlAZATAN (VUlA/VRlA)
I F ~ A B S ~ A L P H l A - A L P l A ) o G T ~ o ~ l / D OGRO ) T O 8
LuX=LY
LU~o0061/G/J*RH01A*UlA**3~DlA**2/N/~RHOlA*UlA*DlA/flU~**oZ
I F ~ A B S ~ L Y ~ L U X ~ / L W o G T o o O GOOO lT O
~ 6
P T 1A = P T 1
Y U 1A = V U 1A-U 1A
BETlA=ATAN(YUIA/VRlA)
UlA=VRlA/COS(BETlA)
TTRIA=TSlA+UlA**2/TGJCP
PTRlA=PSlA*tTTRlA/TSlA)**~X
VCRlA=VCRl
YCRlA~YCRlA*SORT~TTRlA/TTlA~
VOVCRA=VlA/VCRlA
YOYCRA=YlA/UCRlA
C
C
STATION 2
ROTOR
EXIT
31
32
TSZ(I)=TTRZ(I)-WZ(I)**Z/TGJCP
RHOZ(I)=PSZ(I)/R/TSZ(I)
I F ( I o E Q o 1 ) G O TO 1 7
I F ( I o E 0 o K K ) GO T O 1 8
FZ(I)=PI*DZ(I)*EL*RHO2~I)*VX2~1~
GO T O 16
17 I = f l
ID=l
GO T O 16
18 Y Z T O T = O o O
DO 1 9 I = 2 * K P 1
19 Y Z T O T = Y 2 T O T + F Z ( I )
YCALC=YZTOT
IFtKoGT.1)
GO TO 5 1
6 9 I F l D V U Z A V .EO.
0 o O ) G O TO 21
DVUTOT=OoO
DO 20 I = 2 9 K P 1
20 D V U T O T = D V U T O T + F Z ( I ) * D Z t I ) * V U 2 ~ 1 )
DVUAVC=DVUTOT/Y
I F ( A B S I D V U A V C - D V U ~ A V ) / D V U ~ A V O L E . . O O O ~ )GO T O 2 1
VUZO=VUZ(M)
VUZ(M)=VUZO*DVUZAV/DVUAVC
G O TO 1 3
2 1 VZLOSS=O.O
DHIDTA=Oo 0
DHIDSA=O. 0
o=o 0
0
RLOSS=OoO
DO 2 3 I = l * K K
DHVD(I)=(UlA*VUlA-U2(I)*VU2~1l~/G/J
TTZ(I)=TTO-DHVD(I)/CP
I F ( T T 2 ( I ) o L T m O o O ) GO TO 2C8
VCRZ(I)=VCRlA*SORT(TT2tI)/TTl~)
ALPHZ(I)=ATAN(VUZ(I)/VXZ(I))
VZ(I)=VX2(I)/COS(ALPH2(1))
PTZlI)=PSt(I)*(TTZ(I)/
TSi(I))**EX
PTR2(I)=PS2(I)*(TTR20/
TSZ(I))**EX
V O V C R Z ( I) = V 2 (I
) / V C R t (I
1
U O Y C R Z f I) = Y Z (I
) / W C R Z (I
1
C
C
C
SECTOR
PERFORMANCE
DHIDT(I)~CP*TTO*(l.-(PTZ(I)/PTO)**(l~/EX~~
DHIDS(I)=CP*TTO*Il~-(PSZ~I)~PTO)**(lo/EX~~
J F ( I o E Q o 1 ~ O R o I o E O o K K I G O T O 22
VZLOSS~V2LOSS+FZ~I)/Y*VZ(I)**ZIZ./G/J
RLOSS~RLOSS+F2~1~/Y*~U2IDSO~I~~UZ~I~**2~/Zo~G/J
Q=O+FZ(I )/RHOZ(I 1
DHIDTA~DHIDTA+F2~I~/U*DHIDTlI~
D H I D SA Z D H I D S A +F 2 l1 ' 3 / Y*DH I D S P I9
22 E T A T V D ( I) = D H V D ( I) / D H I D T t I)
2 3 ETASVDt I
)=DHVD ( I
)/DHIDS ( I )
C
OVERALL
PERFORMANCE
C
ETATV=DHVDAV/DHIDTA
ETASV=DHVDAV/DHIDSA
ETAT=DHSHFT/DHIDTA
ETA S = D H S H F T / D H I D S A
SSPD=N*SORTlQ~/tJ*DHIDTA)~*075
33
LC=LCDH*DHVDAV
LCDHlS=LC/DHIDSA
LYDHIS=LU/DHIDSA
LLDHIS=VZLOSS/DHXDSA
LSDHIS=(VlIDSO-Vl*V1)/2./G/J/DHJDSA
LQDHIS=RLOSS/DHICSA
GO T O (35*32)rIU
3J P T O = P T 0 / 1 0 0 0 0 .
Pso=Pso/1oooo.
P T 1 = P T 1/ l o o o i l
P51=Ps1/1ooo5.
PTlA=PTlA/lOCOD.
PSlA=PSlP / l o 5 3 0
PTRlA=PTRlA/1000C.
DO=DO*lOCo
Dl=Dl*lOJo
DIA=DlA*lSO.
HS=HS*lOOo
DO 3 1 I = l * K R
DZ(I)=DZ(I)*lGO.
PTZ~I)=PT2~I)/10030.
PS2(I)=PS2~I)/10000.
P T R Z t I ) = P T R 2 ( I )/I00000
51 D H V D ( I ) = D H V D ( I ) / 1 0 0 0 o
OHVDAV=OHVDAV/lOOO.
G O T O 36
32 P T O = P T O / 1 4 4 .
PSO=PS0/144.
P 11= P T 1/ 1 4 4
Psl=Ps1/144.
P T 1 A = P T 1A / l 4 4 o
PslA=Psl~/l44.
P TR 1A = P T R 1 A / 1 4 4
DO=DO*lZ.
Dl=Dl*IZ
DlA=DlA*lZ.
HS=HS*I2
DO 3 3 I = l * R R
D2(1)=D2(1)*12.
PT2(I)=PT2(1)/14QO
P S 2 ( I) = P S E ( I ) / 1 4 4 .
33 P T R Z I I ) = P T R Z ( I ) / l 4 4 .
C
C
C
U R I T E CALCULATED VALUES
3 6 YRITE
16,111)
Z6X*2(3HA@S*6Xlrl7X*3t3HAf?S*5X)*9X*4HREL ,4(5X
l ~ 3 H R E L ~ ~ 1 7 X ~ 4 H D I A ~ ~ Z ~ Q X ~ 5 ~ T O l A L ~ ~ 4 X ~ Z ~ 6 H S T A T I C ~ 3 X ~ ~ 4 ~ F
20-~4X~4HCRI1~3X~5HBLADE~2~4X~5HTOTAL).4X~4HFL0U~3X,5~VEL0-~4X~4HC
3 I T / l 6 X ~ 5 H ~ E T E R ~ 2 ~ 5 X ~ 4 H T E ~ P ~ 4 X ~ S ~ P R E S S ~ ~ 3 X ~ S H A N G VLEE ~ 4 X ~ ~ H
4L RAT*lH
SPEED*SX*~HTE~P,~XIS~PRESS,~H
ANGLE,4X*l3HCITY
V E L RA
51)
ALPO=ALPHO*DOR
ALPHAA=ALPHlA+DOR
BETAlA=BETlA*DOR
DO 3 4 I = l * K K
ALPHAZ(I)=ALPHZ(I)*DOR
34 B E T A Z I I ) = B E T Z ( I ) * D O R
U R I T E ~ b r l l 2 ) D D ~ T T O ~ P T O ~ T S O ~ P 5 O O~ t A
VO
L *PV O V C R O
I11 f O R M A T f 9 H *OUTPUT*/
34
112 F O R M A T I 1 3 H S T A T O R INLET,2(F9o3,F9o2)rF9o3,F7o2,F9o2,F7o3)
YRITEt6,llZl)
ESIHSIENS
1 1 2 1 F O R M A T ( 11H LOSS C O E F = , F 6 o 4
,67X*llHSTATOR
HGT=,F7o4 9 1 7 H 9 NUMBER OF V
lANES=rFSoll
URITE ~ 6 ~ 1 1 3 ~ D l ~ T T l ~ P T l ~ T S l ~ P S l ~ A L P H A l ~ V l ~ V O V C R l
113 F O R M A T t l J W S T A T O R E X I T ~ 2 ( F 9 0 3 , F 9 0 2 ) ~ F 9 0 3 ~ F 7 0 2 ~ ~ 9 0 2 , F 7 o 3 )
YRITE ~ 6 ~ l 1 S ~ D 1 A ~ T T 1 A ~ P T 1 A ~ T S 1 ~ ~ P S 1 A ~ A L P H A A ~ V 1 A ~ V 0 V C R A ~ U 1 A ~ T T R 1
1 P V R 11,BETA 1 A 9 U l A p Y O U C R A
114 FORMAT(13HOROTOR I N L E T ~ 2 ( F 9 o 3 , F 9 o 2 ) F 9 o 3 ~ F 7 o 2 ~ F 9 o 2 ~ F 7 o 3 ~ 2 F 9 o 2 ,
l F 9 0 3 ~ F 8 o Z ~ F 9 0 2 ~ F 9 0 3 )
YRITEI6.lIQ1)
ER
1191 F O R M A T ( 1 1 H LOSS C O E F = r F 6 . 4 )
YRITE ~ 6 ~ l 1 S ~ ~ D 2 ~ I ~ ~ T T 2 ~ I J ~ P T 2 ~ I ~ ~ T S 2 ~ I ~ ~ P S 2 ~ I ~ ~
l V O V C R 2 ~ I ~ ~ U 2 ~ I ~ ~ T T R 2 ~ I ~ ~ P T R Z ~ I ~ ~ B E T A 2 ~ I ~ ~ U 2 ~ I ~ ~ U O
115 F O R M A T ( l 3 H R O T O R E X I T
rZ(F9.3,F9o2)F9o3,F7o2~F9o2~F7o3~2F9o2~
1 F 9 03 rF8 02,F9 0 2 r F 7 03 1 1 13 x 2 (F 9 03 9F9.2 BF9.3 9F7 0 2v F 9 02 e F 7 03, 2F9 29
2F903,F8o2,F902,F703))
F 2 t 1) = O o O
FZlRK)=OoO
YRITE(6.1161)
1161 F O R M A T t l H 1
YRITE(6.116)
EN
116 F O R M A T ( 2 6 X ~ 4 H M A S S ~ 5 X ~ ~ H D I A G / l 7 X ~ r C H D I A - ~ 5 X ~ ~ H F L O U ~ 5 X ~ 4 H S P E C ~ 4 X ~ 5 H T O
1 T A L ~ 3 X ~ 6 H S T A T I C / 1 6 X ~ 5 H M E T ~ R ~ 5 X ~ r C H R A T E ~ 5 X ~ ~ H U O R K ~ 2 ~ ~ X ~ 5 H E F F I C
2 2 3 H N U M B E R OF R O T O R B L A D E S = * F S o l )
URITE ~ 6 ~ 1 1 7 ~ ~ D 2 ~ I ~ ~ F 2 ~ 1 ~ ~ D H V D ~ I ~ ~ E T A T ~ D ~ 1 ~ ~ E T A S
117 F O R M A T ( ~ ~ X ~ F ~ O ~ ~ F ~ O ~ , F ~ O ~ ~ ~ F ~ O ~ )
TTPR=PTO/PT2(M)
TSPR=PTO/PSZ(M)
URITE ( 6 ~ l l B ) T T P R ~ L S D H I S ~ T S P R ~ L R D H I S ~ D H V D A V ~ L U D H I S ~ E T A T V ~ L C D H I S ~
lETASV,LLDHIS~ETAT.ETAS,SSPD
118 FORMAT ( 2 Z H O * O V E R A L L P f R F O R H A N C E * / 4 8 X , 2 0 H L O S S / I D E A L
T-S D E L H / 6 X , Z 4
1HTOT-TOT PRESSURE R A T I O = , F 8 o 4 ~ 1 3 X , l O H S T A T O R
=,F604/6X,24HTOT-Sl
Z A T PRESSURE R A T I O = ~ F 8 o 4 ~ 1 3 X ~ 1 O H R O T O R =,F604/6X,2'JHDIAG
AVG SPEC
3 I F I C U O R K = ~ F 8 o 4 ~ 1 3 X ~ l O H U I N D A G =E, F 6 o 4 / 6 X ~ 2 r C H D I A G T O T A L E F F I C I E N C
rCY
F8 0 4 9 1 3 X 9 1O H C L E A R A N C E
F6 0 4 16 X 9 2 4 H D I A G S T A T 1 C E F F I C I EN CY
9FB
504rl3X,lOHEXIl
KE
=,F604/6X129HNEl
TOTAL EFFICIENCY
=rF8orC/6X*
62'lHNET
STATIC EFFICIENCY
=.F~.~C.~XI~SHSPECIFIC SPEED-~F7.3)
60 T O 2
51 I F ~ I N D o G E o 6 o A N D o A B S ~ U G I V ~ U C A L C ~ / U G I V o L E o ~ OGO
O O TlO~ 6 5
CALL C O N T I N ~ V X V C R ~ U C A L C ~ I I U D ~ ~ ~ U G I V ~ ~ O S )
I F ( IND-10)14,61,61
61 I F ( I T E R - 1 1 6 2 r 6 2 r 6 3
62 VXVCR=o9
IF(KoEO.1)
GO T O 6 3
IND=l
I
TE R = I T E R + 1
GO T O 1 4
63 I F ( I N D - l 0 ) 2 D l , 2 0 1 ~ 2 0 2
65 I F ( I T E R - 1 ) 6 6 , 6 6 * 6 9
66 I T E R = I T E R + l
IND=l
GO T O 67
6 8 I F ( V X V C R o G E 0 V X V C R P ) GO T O 72
VXVCR=VXVCRP-DELVX
DELVX=DELVX/lOo
I F ( D E L V X o L E o o 0 0 0 0 1 ~GO T O 2 0 9
72 VXVCR=VXVCR+DELVX
VXVCRP=VXVCR
=,
35
71 C H R D = H S / S T A R
IF(NSTAReEO.2)
GO TO 76
R S T G ~ ~ C H R D * C O S ~ A L S T G ~ + S O R T ~ C H R D * * 2 * ~ C O S ~ A L S T G ~ * * ~ ~ l e ~ + D ~ * * 2 ~
D O = ( S O R T ( C H R D * * ~ / ~ ~ + ~ O * R S T ~ * * ~ - D ~ * * ~ / ~ . ) ) * ~ ~
ALUNC=ALPHl-ALPHO-A
COS( (00**2+D1**2-4e*CHRD**2
) I 2 e/DC/Dl)
G O T O 70
76 A L P H J = A T d N ( S I N ( A L P H l ) / ~ C H ~ D / D l * 2 . + C O S t A L P H l ) ) )
ALSTG=(ALPHD+ALPH1)/2.
D0=2e*SORT(CHRD**Z+Dl**2/4e+CHRD*Dl*COS(ALPHl))
GO T O 7 0
201 U R I T E t 6 r l 2 0 ) Y C A L C
120 F O R M A T ( 4 8 H O R O T O R E X I T CHOKES AT M A X I M U M M A S S F L O U R A T E
rF9.4)
GO T O 2
202 U R I T E ( 6 , 1 2 1 )
1 2 1 F O R P f A T 4 6 9 H O N O S O L U T I O N F O U N D A F T E R 100 I T E R A T I O N S F O R C O N T I N U I T Y
1 A T ROTOR E X I T )
GO T O 2
203 URITEJhrl22)
1 2 2 F O R W A T I 6 G H O R E O U I R E D S P E C I F I C UORK G R E A T E R T H A N E N E R G Y A V A I L A B L E I N
1 GAS)
GO T O 2
204 YRITE(6r123)
1 2 3 F O R M A T ( 7 4 H D R E O U I R E D S T A T O R I D E A L K I N E T I C ENERGY GREATER THAN ENERG
l Y A V A I L A B L E I N GAS)
GO T O 2
205 Y R I T E ( 6 r 1 2 4 ) H
129 F O R M A T ( 3 3 H O S P E C I F I C YORK R E O U I R E D I N SECTOR,I3,37H
GREATER THAN EN
1ERGY A V A I L A B L E I N G A S )
GO T O 2
206 Y R I T E ( 6 , 1 2 5 )
M
1 2 5 F O R H A T ( 55HOROTOR I D E A L R E L A T I V E K I N E T I C ENERGY R E O U I R E D I N SECTOR,
1 1 3 9 3 7 H GREATER THAN ENERGY A V A I L A B L E I N G A S )
GO T O 2
207 URITE(6.125)
I
GO T O 2
238 U R I T E ( 6 , 1 2 4 )
I
GO T O 2
209 Y R I T E (6,1281
1 2 8 F O R M A T ~ 1 2 3 H O l H EPROGRAM CAN N O T F I N D A S O L U T I O N S I H U L T A N E O U S L Y S A T
l I S F Y I N G C O N T I N U I T Y , R A D I A L EO.,
AND T H E L O S S M O D E L A T T H E R O T O R EX
ZIT)
GO T O 2
999 STOP
E NO
block /EFF/. The arguments ES and E R a r e the stator and mtor loss coefficients, respectively, and J is the blade-row indicator (J = 1 for stator and J = 2 for rotor). The
common block variables, which were defined in the RIFTUD variable list, a r e ALPHO,
ALPH1, ALUNC, BETBM, CS, CRY DO, 131, DlA, D2M, EN, GAM, HR, HS, MU,
NSTAR, PI, RH2RT2, SIGS, STAR, VOVCRl, W, and WOWCRM. The remaining variables in subroutine E F F I C a r e defined as follows:
A m
AA
AR
Qr
AS
QS
A2
a h
A3A2R
(43dA2D)r
A3A2S
(A3dA2D),
BB
BWSR
Ab, r
CHRDR
DCY)
E cy)
ELOCS
(2hS
ELOSR
(2 1 s )
ELOSS
Uh),
EWSR
H O
K2
w, t, r
+A
o r Qr
w, h, r
37
RE FR
ref, r
REFS
RER
(Btot/L
Re.
ref, s
Re r
RES
SRH
nrAw, h, r
SRHl
SRH2
SRS
nrAw, t, r
TOSR
TOSS
(t/ s)
YC
Y2
rla
- bfi/2
Variables transfer among EFFIC, SIMPSl, SHUB, and SHUB2 by means of the
function arguments and the labelled common block /SH/.
The function arguments a r e
SIMPSl(X1, X2, FUNC, KSIG) , SHUBM , and SHUBB(Y) where
x1
x2
FUNC
KSIG
variable of integration
variable of integration
The common block variables, which were defined in the E F F I C variable list, a r e AA,
BB, and YC. These also are the only variables, aside from the arguments, used in
SHUB and SHUB2.
A further description of SIMPSl and definition of its internal variables can be obtained from reference 6 . The function described is called SIMPSZ, but it becomes exactly SIMPSl upon deletion of the parameter 3 from the function arguments.
38
Program listing.
The FORTRAN listings for subroutine EFFIC and functions
SIMPSl, SHUB, and SHUB2 are as follows:
39
FUNCTION SIMPS1 ( X l r X 2 * F U N C * K S I G )
C.....THIS
R O U T I N E I N T E G R A T E S F U N C ( X ) FROM X 1 TO X 2 U S I N G A Y U L T I P L E
C.....INTERJAL
S I M P S O N f S RULE TECHNIQUE.
LOGICAL S P I L L
DOUBLE P R E C I S I O N ANSIQ
DIMENSION V ( 2 0 0 ) r H ( 2 0 0 ) r A ( 2 0 0 ) ~ B ~ 2 O O ) , P ( Z 0 0 ~ ~ E ~ 2 0 0 ~
DATA T W O ~ T H R E E ~ F O U 2 ~ T H I R T Y / 2 ~ 0 ~ 3 ~ 0 ~ 4 ~ 0 ~ 3 0 ~ 0 /
DATA T ~ N N A X I N S I G / ~ . O E - ~ * ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ /
C.....INJTIALIZE
F I R S T ELEMENTS OF ARRAYS.
v(1)= x1
H(1)= (X2
V(l))/TWO
A ( l ) = FUNC ( V )
B ( 1 ) = FUNC ( V ( l ) * H ( l ) )
C ( 1 ) = FUNC ( X 2 )
P(l)= n(l)*(A(l)
FOUR*B(l)
E(l)= P(1)
AWS= P ( 1 )
Y= 1
FRAC=T
SPILL=.FALSE.
TEST=ABS(FRAC*ANS)
C(1))
KtN
DO 3 I = l * K
OF 4 T t i ORDER ERROR I N T H I S INTERVAL.
i+IAGNITUD
I F (ABS(E(I)).LE.TEST)
GO TO 3
I F (N.LT.NMAX)
GO TO 2
C...GO
TO F I N I S H I F STORAGE I S F I L L E D UP.
SPILL=.TRUE.
<SIG=KSIG*NSIG
GO TO 4
C.....SUBDIVIDE
I N T E R V A L A G A I N TO REDUCE 4 T H ORDER ERROR.
?I
N=N*l
C.....TEST
P~(I)=H(I)=(A(I)*FGUR*B(I)CI))
Q=P(I)*P(N)-Q
ANS=ANS*Q
E(I)=Q
E,( N ) = Q
3
CONTINUE
ALL I N T E R V A L S A G A I N I F ANY WERE S U B D I V I D E D THE L A S T TIME.
C.....TEST
I F (NmGTmK) GO TO 1
3=0. i)
4.
DO 5 I z 1 . N
5,
3 = 3 * E ( I)
C.....TIGHTEN
ERROR L I M I T I F TOTAL ACCUMULATED ERROR TOO LARGE.
I F (ABS(Q/T).LE.ABS(ANS).OR.SPILL)
GO T O b
FRAC=FRAC/TWO
GO TO 1
C.....F,INISH
OFF CALCULATION.
6
SIMPS~=(ANS*Q/THIRTY)/THREE
RETURN
C.....THIS
ENTRY USED TO GET AT I N T E R N A L V A R I A B L E S .
ENTRY S I Y P X l ( T T * N N * Q Q )
T=TT
YN=N
QQ=Q
RETURN
END
40
XEST
YCALC
IND
JZ
41
YGIV
XDEL
in dependent variable
dependent variable
coefficient A in y =
+ BX + c
coefficient B in
+ BX + c
coefficient
in
AX^
y = AX^
y = AX^
+ BX + c
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
42
65 Y t l l
YCALC
= XEST-XORIG
I F ~ Y G I V e L T e A ~ I N l ~ Y ~ l l ~ Y ~ Z GO
l ~ TO
Y ~ t31 l2 0l 9~1 3 0 1 9 J Z
IN0 = 6
C A L L PABC(XIYIAPAIBPB,CPC)
DISCR = BPB**Z-se*APA*(CPC-YGI~I
X(11
70
83
I F ( D I S C R e L T o O o ) G O TO 1 4 0
I F ~ A B S ~ Y 0 0 ~ * A P A * ~ C P C ~ Y G I U l l e L E o B P BGO
* * ZT~O 9 0
XES1
-BPB-S16N(SORT(DISCR)9APAI
I F ~ J Z o E Q ~ l o A N D o A P A o G T e O ~ ~ A N D o Y ~ 3 I o G T oX E
Y S~ 1l I I
1SORT ( D I S C R )
I F (JZoEOoZoANDeAPAoLToOe) XES1
-BPB-SORT(DISCRl
XES1
XEST/Zo/APA
GO T O 100
9 3 I F ( J Z o E O e 2 e A N O o B P B o G T e O o ) GO T O 1 3 0
ACB2
APA/BPB*ICPC-YGIv)IBPB
I F (ABS(ACB21eLEeleE-81
ACBZ=Oo
XES1
-~CPC-YGIVI/BPB*~le+ACBZ+Zo*ACB2**2)
100 I F ~ X E S T o G T e X ~ 3 1G1O T O 130
I F (XESToLToX(1))
GO T O 120
XES1
XEST+XORIG
RETURN
C--FOURTH
OR L A T E R C A L L
NOT C H O K E D
110 I F ( X E S T - X O R I G e G T e X ( 3 1 1 6 0 T O 130
I F ~ X E S T ~ X O R I G ~ L T o XG ~O l TI O
I 120
YfZ)
YCALC
X(2)
XEST-XORIG
GO T O 7 0
C--THIRD
OR L A T E R C A L L
SOLUTION EXISTS9
C--RUT
R I G H T O R L E F T S H I F T REOUXRED
120 I N 0
5
C--LEFT
SHIFT
XES1
XIll-XDEL+XORSG
XOSHFT
XEST-XORIG
XES1
XORIG
Y(3)
Y(21
X(31
X(21-XOSHFT
Y(11
Y(2)
Xt2)
X(11-XOSHFT
RE TURN
130 I N D
c(
C--RIGHT
SHIFT
X(3l+XDEL+XORIG
XES1
XOSHFT
XEST-XORIG
XORIG
XES1
Y(11
Y(Z1
X(11
X(Z1-XOSHFT
Y(21
Yt31
X(21
X(3l-XOSHFT
RETURN
C--THIRD
OR L A T E R C A L L
A P P E A R S T O BE C H O K E D
196 X E S 1
-BPB/Z.IAPA
IND
7
IF ( X E S T o L T o X ( 1 1 1 G O T O 120
I F ( X E S T o G T o X ( 3 ) ) G O TO 130
XES1
XEST+XORIG
RETURN
C--FOURTH
OR L A T E R C A L L
PROBABLY CHOKED
1 5 0 I F IYCALC.CE.YGIV)
G O T O 110
IND
13
RETURN
-BPB+
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
43
C--NO
S O L U T I O N FOUND I N 100 I T E R A T I O N S
1613 I N D
11
RETURN
E NO
SUBROUTINE P A B C ( X * Y * A * B , C b
C
C--PABC
C A L C U L A T E S C O E F F I C I E N T S A 9B.C OF THE PARABOLA
C--Y=A*X**Z+B*X+C*
P A S S I N G THROUGH T H E G I V E N X * Y P O I N T S
C
DINENSION X13)9Y ( 3 )
c1
X(3)-X(l)
c2
k
=
=
=
=
=
~ Y ~ z ~ - ~ ~ l ~ ~ / ~ x ~ z ~ - x l l ~ ~
~ C 1 * C ~ - Y 1 3 ) + Y ~ l ) ) / C l / o X ~ 3 ) )
B
CZ-tX(1)+X(Z))*A
C
Ytl)-X11)*B-X(l)**Z*A
RETURN
E NO
44
APPENDIX A
SYMBOLS
A
circumference of ellipse, m; f t
cN
cP
chord, m; f t
P
D
diameter, m; f t
energy factor
-e
g
H
form factor
Ah
number of sectors
SP
number of blades
Il1I l111ll11l~l1l11l11l1111l1
Re
Reynolds number
radius, m; f t
absolute temperature, K ; OR
trailing-edge thickness, m; f t
x coordinate, m; f t
y coordinate, m; f t
CY
fluid absolute angle measured from radial direction at stations 0, 1, and l a and
from axial direction at station 2 , deg
fluid relative angle measured from radial direction at stations 0, 1, and l a and
from axial direction at station 2 , deg
displacement thickness , m; f t
rl
efficiency
cam
ch
cp
46
subscripts:
av
average
blade surface
clearance
calc
calculated
cm
chord mean
cr
critical condition
df
disk friction
ex
exit
hub
sector number
id
ideal
mean sector
rotor
rad
radial direction
ref
reference
stator
shft
shaft
sr
surface of revolution
tip
tot
total
tangential direction
VD
velocity diagram
wall
axial direction
stator inlet
stator exit
la
rotor inlet
47
rotor exit
2D
two dimensional
3D
three dimensional
Superscripts:
1
1f
48
APPENDIX B
Uncambered Vane
For this case, the vane surface length is assumed equal to the chord; that is,
( Z / C ) ~ = 1. The remaining unknowns a r e inlet flow angle and inlet radius. From the
geometry of figure 3(a),
r sin cp
tan Po =
c + r1
1
cos cp
s i n al
tan a0 =
C
+ cos
Q!
The inlet radius is found by using the law of cosines; that is,
2
r o = c + rl
- 2crl
ro =(c2
+ rl + 2crl cos a 1
034)
49
Cambered Vane
The
1--7 r f i
180
Chord is
c = 2 r s i n -0
2
Dividing equation (B5)by equation (B6)then yields
The sector angle 0 can be related to the camber angle Ocam. Remembering that
a tangent is perpendicular to the radius at the point of tangency, referring to figure 3 (b) ,
we can write
(180 - Ocam) + O = 1 8 0
The ref0 re,
cam
and equation (37) becomes
1L\
[CL
*@cam
360 sin-'cam
2
50
= 180
(yo
- (180 -
1)
- iJ? = U1 - Q 0 - @
(B8)
cos
*=
ro
2 + r:
- c2
2rOrl
oca,
= a1
- a. - cos-1
(3;;;r;
c2)
Equations (T313) and (T310) a r e used to determine surface length to chord ratio once the
inlet radius and chord a r e known.
To determine inlet radius or chord for the two cambered vane cases being considered, it is assumed that the stagger angle at the chord midpoint is equal to average
flow angle; that i s ,
- q cm),
also
51
Known chord. - In this case, we are trying to find the inlet radius. With the
chord known, equation (B15) is solved for rcm using the quadratic formula
With rcm evaluated thusly, equation (B17) yields the inlet radius
ro = d 2 r +-~C2 ~
- r2
2
Known inlet radius. - In this case, we a r e trying to find the chord. Subtracting
equation (B15) from equation (B16) and solving for rcm result in
2
2
0'
1
'
2c cos qcm
U s i n g the quadratic formula and taking the positive root finally give
I
52
APPENDIX C
ROTOR GEOMETRY MODEL
The purpose of the rotor geometry model is to provide a consistent basis for evaluating mean surface length, chord length, blade-surface and end-wall surface areas ,
and number of blades. Shown in figure 4 is the rotor geometry with dimensions expressed in terms of various radii and the stator blade height. The model is based on
the meridional-plane projection of the rotor. The tip contour is assumed to be circular
and the hub contour is assumed to be elliptical, each being a 90 arc. It is further assumed that the rotor consists of full blades only.
ce M
2a
a2 + b 2
53
Wall Areas
The blade surface area is the area between the elliptical hub and the circular tip.
The general formula f o r the area within an ellipse is
A = nab
(C4)
Therefore, the blade surface area for one passage (i.e. , two sides) is
The tip and hub wall areas a r e determined a s the surfaces of revolution of the tip
and hub curves around the turbine axis. The general formula for the surface of revoluy2) is
tion of a curve y = f (x) between (xl, y,) and (3,
With the turbine axis taken a s y = 0, the centers of the tip and hub curves a r e at x = 0
and y = rla. Therefore, the equation of the circular tip is
a = rla
and
54
- r2,
+ hs
b = rla
- r2 , h
Integrating equation (C12) and dividing by the number of rotor passages then gives the
tip wall area for one passage
For the elliptical hub, the area of the surface of revolution cannot be analytically
expressed because equation (C6) cannot be integrated analytically. Further, neither
form of equation (C6) can be integrated numerically over its entire range because of an
infinite slope at one limit. However, if we break the curve into two pieces, we can
write
h = 2.rr
a'2y
-/% J -,/*
d X + 27.r
rla
rla-b
dY
(C14)
55
I'
*=
bx
and
Substituting equations (CS), (C15), and (Cl6) into equation ((314) and dividing by the
number of rotor passages then give the following hub wall area for one passage:
+J
rla-b
35
Equation (C17) can be integrated numerically. In the program, each of the integrals is
evaluated by Simpson's rule.
Blade Number
From the approach of reference 8 along with the additional assumption that
Vuyla - Ulay a number of blades can be computed a s
nr = 27r tan ala
56
This number of blades is based on not permitting the velocity to f a l l below zero anywhere within the rotor channel; the limiting condition, therefore, is zero velocity on
the pressure surface at the rotor inlet. Equation (C18) yields a rather large number of
blades, especially at the higher flow angles. Studies such as the one reported in reference 5 have shown that the number of blades can be reduced significantly from these
high values without significant degradation in performance. Therefore, a reduction
factor is used in equation (C18). Also, the small difference between ala and a! is
1
neglected. With these changes, the number of rotor blades is computed herein as
"r-30
- 7r (110 - Ql)tan a1
57
REFERENCES
1. Rohlik, Harold E . : Analytical Determination of Radidl Inflow Turbine Design
Geometry for Maximum Efficiency. NASA TN D-4384, 1968.
2. Prust, Herman W. , Jr. : Boundary-Layer Losses. Ch. 7 of Turbine Design and
Application, Vol. 2, Arthur J. Glassman, ed. , NASA SP-290, 1973, pp. 93-124.
3. Kofskey, Milton G. ; and Holeski,' Donald E. : Cold Performance Evaluation of a
6.02-Inch Radial Inflow Turbine Designed for a 10-Kilowatt Shaft Output Brayton
Cycle Space Power Generation System. NASA TN D-2987, 1966.
4. Roelke, Richard J. : Miscellaneous Losses. Ch. 8 of Turbine Design and Application, Vol. 2, Arthur J. Glassman, ed., NASA SP-290, 1973, pp. 125-148.
5 . Rohlik, Harold E. : Radial Inflow Turbines. Ch. 10 of Turbine Design and Application, Vol. 3, Arthur J. Glassman, ed., NASA SP-290, 1975, pp. 31-58.
58
TABLE I.
TITLE
I
STATEMLNT
NUMBER
I
FORTRAN STATEMENT
5
ANALYST
I
_
SHEET-OF-
IDENTIFICATION
8 9 10 I1 I2 I3 IL I5 16 I7 I8 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3 0 31 32 3 3 34 35 36.37 38 39 4 0 41 L2 43 LL L 5 Lb 47 L8 L9 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 6 0 ' 6 1 62 6 3 6 4 65 66 67 68 6 9 70 71 72 73 74 75 7 6 77 78 79 81
Q)
IHIS IS
THIS OUTPUI
A S A M P L E CASE U S I N G
R A D I A L I N F L O U TURBINE V E L O C I T Y DIAGRAM D E S I G N A N A L Y S I S
UNITS
I S I N THE F O L L O Y I N G U N I T S .
TEMPERATURE
KELVIN
PRESSURE
N / S O CM
tlNPUT*
I N L E T TEMP Z 1083.3300
I N C f T PRESS9.1011
R O I A T SPEED4031.110
MASS F L O Y
.2771
S H A F I POYERZ
22.371
GAS CONST
JLSlKG-K
ROT S P E E D
RAO/SEC
MASS FLOY
WGlSEC
S T A T O R I N ANGLE
55.60
S T A T O R EX ANGLE
72.00
S T A T O R A S P E C T R A T - .OOOO
OIAM RATIOS
STAT I N l R O T I N
Z1.2581
S I A T E X I R O T I N =le0216
ROT E X T P I R O I I N = .7133
ROT E X H U B l T I P
.3493
*ou T P U I*
OIAME TE R
ABS
TOTAL
TEMP
ABS
TOTAL
PRESS
STATIC
TEMP
POYER
KY
VISCOSITY
N-SEClSO M
STATIC
PRESS
ABS
FLOY
ANGLE
YELO-
8.865
55.60
108.49
1BS
CITY
ABS
CRIT
VEL R A T
8.995
1013.94
7.623
72.00
268.67
-506
ROTOR I N L E I
15.539
L O S S C O E F - .2820
ROIOR EXIT
3.872
1083.33
8.995
1010.85
7.565
71.92
274 e59
4.593
6.035
7.478
8.920
10.363
ii.a84
926.12
926.12
926.12
926.12
926.12
926.12
926.32
5.925
5.914
5.886
5.852
5.810
5.762
5.735
908 -32
908.99
910.68
912.83
915.43
918.50
920 -20
136.09
133.49
126.74
117.60
105.45
89 -06
78.48
DIAHETER
MASS
FLOU
RATE
OIAG
SPEC
YORK
TOTAL
EFFIC
1.478
8.920
10.363
11.0811
*OVERALL
.oooo
.0414
-0516
e0592
-0631
-0617
.oooo
81 e769
81 -769
ai .769
81.769
81.769
81.769
8 1 -169
e919
e916
-907
-896
.883
-868
-860
-00
5.644
5.644
5.644
5.644
5.644
5.644
5.644
STATIC
EFFIC
.UO
e00
-00
-00
-00
-00
=
=
=
=
=
=
BLAOE
SPEED
LOS / I D E A L 7 - 5
TATOR
OTOR
INOAGE
CLEARANCE=
E X I T WE
=
=
=
S P E C I F I C SPEED=
DEL H
.O252
.0779
.0048
e0059
-0658
-739
REL
TOTAL
TEMP
REL
REL
TOTAL
FLOY
PRESS
ANGLE
REL
YELOCITV
REL
CRIT
VEL R A T
-204
S T A T O R H G T Z 1.8527,NUMBER
OF V A N E S = 16.0
-517
313.24
7.746
-31.50
99.93
194
-277
.272
-258
-240
-215
.181
-160
78.05
92.59
121.66
150.74
179.82
208.90
223.44
6.019
6.046
6.115
6.203
6.310
6.436
6.507
-29.83
-34.74
-43.83
156.88
162.46
175.69
191.19
208.46
227.09
236.82
,319
-330
.a34
.a34
.a34
,834
.83Y
.a34
.a34
PERFORMANCE*
TOT-TOT PRESSURE R A T I O
1.5553
TOT-STAT PRESSURE R A T I O =
1.6125
0116 AVG S P E C I F I C YORK
81.7686
0116 TOTAL E F F I C I E N C Y
-8915
0116 SIATIC
EFFICIENCY
.a339
NET TOTAL E F F I C I E N C Y
.8800
N I STATIC EFFICIENCY
-8232
ANGLE
OEGREES
CL H T l R O T E X T I P D = -0023
1083 33
3.872
4.593
6.035
DIAMETER
CM
1083.33
1072.02
S P E C YORK
JLSlGM
STATOR K E L O S COEF=l.OOOO
G A S CONSTANT =208.1110
ROTOR K E L O S S COEF=1.0000
S P E C H T RATIO=l.6670
ROTOR I N l O E L R V U =1.0000
VISCOSITY
.5804-04
ROTOR E X R A 0 S E C T S = 5
ROT EX S E C T l M N RVU=1.00 1 - 0 0 1.00 1.00 1-00
SIAIOR INLET
19.550
L O S S C O E F Z .0690
STATOR E X I T
15.875
9.101
VELOCITY
HlSEC
1020.45
931.98
934.36
940.35
947 -96
957.21
968 e07
974.11
-52.04
-59.61
-66.91
-70.65
.355
,385
.418
.453
.470
IEMPERAIURE
DES RANKINE
IS
IN
T H E FOLLOYING
PRESSURE
LBISO
IN
UNITS.
G A S CONST
eTulL8-R
*INPUT*
l N L E l I L M P Z 1950.0000
INLET PRESS13.2000
R O l A l SPEEOZ 38500.000
"ASS F L O Y
-6110
SHAFT POYERZ
30.000
CUSTOMARY U N I T S
R O T SPEEO
REVIMIN
MASS F L O Y
LBISEC
S T A T O R I N ANGLE
2 55.60
STATOR EX ANGLE
Z 12.00
S T A T O R ASPECT R A T - .OOOO
OIAM RATIOS
S T A T I N l R O T I N r1.2581
S T A T E X l R O T I N -1.0216
R O T E X T P I R O T I N = -7133
ROT E X HUBlTIP
Z -3493
POYER
HP
STATOR K E L O S C O E F Z 1 . 0 0 0 0
R O T O R KE LOSS COEF=1.0000
ROTOR I N / O E L RVU
-1.0000
ROTOR E X RAD SECTS- 5
R O T E X S E C T l M N RVU=1.00 le00
CL H T l R O T E X T I P P-
SPEC YORK
BTUlLB
VELOCITY
FTlSEC
VISCOSITY
LB/FT-SEC
DIAMETER
I N
ANGLE
OEGREE S
G A S CONSTANT
38.6800
SPEC HT RATIO=1.6670
VISCOSITY
.390O-G4
1.OG
1-00 1-00
.0023
*OUTPUT*
S T A T O R 1NLET
7.691
L O S S C O t f 1 no640
STATOR E X 1 7
6.250
1950.00
13.200
1929.63
12.858
1950.00
13.046
1825.10
11.057
72.00
881.46
-506
ROTOR I N L E I
6.118
L O S S COEF- e2820
R O l O R 111
1.524
1950.00
13.046
1819.53
10.973
71.92
900.88
.517
1027.71
1836.81
11.235
-31.50
327.85
-194
1667.02
1661.02
1667.02
1667.C2
_._
.-1667.02
1661.02
1667.02
8.593
8.577
8.537
A.487
-. .
8.427
8.357
8.318
1634.98
1636.19
1639.23
1693.09
.
1647.78
1653.30
1656.37
8.186
8.186
8.186
8.186
8.186
8.186
8.186
.OO
446.49
437.98
415.83
385.83
395.96
292.19
251.47
,277
,272
256.26
303.16
399.16
494.56
589.96
685.36
133.06
1677.56
1681.86
1692.64
1706.34
1722.97
1742.53
1753.41
8.729
8.769
8.869
8.996
9.152
9.335
9.438
-29.83
-34.74
-43.83
-52.04
-59.61
-66.91
-10.65
514.70
533.00
576.4C
627.26
683.91
745.c5
776.96
.319
-333
-355
MASS
FLOY
RATE
OIAG
SPEC
UORK
TOTAL
EFFIC
.oooo
35.178
35.178
35.118
35.118
35.178
35.118
35.178
1.808
2.376
2.944
-_
3.512
4.080
4.364
OlAMETER
1.524
i.eo.9
2.376
2.994
3.512
4.080
364
*OVERALL
ABS
TOTAL
TEMP
ABS
TOTAL
PRESS
STATIC
TEMP
STATIC
PRESS
ABS
VELOCITY
ABS
CRIT
VEL RAT
355.93
,204
RE L
TOTAL
TEMP
ABS
FLOY
ANGLE
55.60
011METER
BLAOE
SPEEO
S T A T O R HGT-
-0919
-1138
-1305
1392
-1361
.oooo
e919
-916
e907
-896
STATIC
EFFIC
.834
.OO
-00
.OO
.OO
.a34
,834
.834
.e34
,860
.a34
PERFORMANCE*
TOT-TOT PRESSURE R A T I O
T O T - S T A T PRESSURE R A T I O 0116 A Y G S P E C I F I C YORK
0116 I O T A L E F F I C I E N C Y
0116 S I A T I C E F F I C I E N C Y
N E 1 TOTAL E F F I C I E N C Y
NET S T A T I C E F F I C I E N C Y
=
=
=
=
=
1.5553
1.6125
35.1717
-8915
-8339
L O S S l I O E A L 1-S
STATOR
ROTOR
YINOAGE
CLEARANCEE X I T WE
I
=
=
=
DEL H
-0252
-0779
-0048
.DO59
-0658
-8800
e8232
-258
,240
e215
.181
.I60
NUMBER OF R O T O R B L A D E S = 12.0
.a34
,868
.883
-00
-00
S P E C I F I C SPEED= 95.355
REL
TOTAL
PRESS
.7294,NUHBER
REL
FLOY
ANGLE
RE1
VELOCITY
OF VANES-
REL
CRIT
VEL R A T
lb.@
.385
-418
-453
-470
CD-9413-S
Figure 1.
Stator
Rotor
"2
Figure 2
- Velocity diagram.
6)Surface.
Figure 3.
1I11
-7
Figure4.
64
NASA-Langley, 1976
E-8 3 94