2

1 ():

G : ,

1) : Gx =AydA, Gy =AxdA
2) : Gx =Ayo=()( ), Gy =Axo

3) 1
Gx =Go + Ae ( G)=( G)+()( )

1) : xo =
yo =

Go
e
Gx

: C : , m

xdA = 1
Gy
=
A

dA
ydA
Gx
=
A
dA

2) Pappus
1( ) : L x y (L)
A
L
A
A=Lyc yc =
L
2r
1
1
. :
yc =
2
4

A=Lxc xc =

2( ) : A x y
V
A
V
V=Ayc yc =
A
4r
. : 1 1 yc =
2
4
3

(A).

V=Axc xc =

2 ()

: I : 4, m4

1) : Ix =Ay 2 dA, Iy =Ax 2 dA

2) 2 : Ix = Io +Ay 2 =( Io)+()( )
3) 2
IX1 =3IX , IX2 =3 2 IX

x2
x
x1

1
h
3

IX =

()

1) (Z)=

b/2

IX =

bh3
bh3
=
36
12

x1

x1

b/2

bh3
b3h
, IY =
12
12

IX =IY =

3
bh3
IX 1= 4 bh =
3
12

bh3
bh3
=
36
4

x1

x1

bh3
b3h
, IY =
36
36

IX2 = 3 3

x1

IX1 = 3

Y
C

IX1 =5IX

x2
2
h
3

IX1 =4IX

d4
64

r4
4

d4 = 5
r4
IX 1= 5
64
4

: Z : ,

2
I
: Z= y

2)
: 2

yt =

2
h
3

: 1

yt =

yb =

1
h
3

h
2

X
yb =

Zt=

: 1

yt =

D
2

yb =

D
2

h
2

bh2
bh2
, Zb=
24
12

Z t = Z b = Z=

bh2
6

Zt=Zb=Z =

.
2

d 3 r 3
=
32

3)
b<h
D

b+

x
h

l=

b
b

b : h : D =1: 2: 3

b :h:l=1:2:3

b = 1 D, h= 2 D
3
3

b=

2()

1) (r)=

(b , h): y : x = 3 : 2 : 1

1
2
l , h= l
3
3

x=

1
2
b , y= h
3
3

: r : , m

2
I
: r=
A

2)
Y

b<h

h
2

1
h
3

b/2

2b/3

h
b
rX (max)= 2 3 , rY (min)= 2 3

2
h
3

b/2

b<h

3 2

rX = rY = r = d = r
4

2 ()

b/3

rX (max)= h , rY (min)= b
3 2

: Ip : 4, m4

1) : Ip =A 2 dA =A(x 2+y 2)dA=A y 2dA +A x 2dA = Ix + Iy

2) 2 : Ipo = Ipc + A2=( Ipc )+()( )
3) 2
3

X
x
b

Ipo = 3

Ipc =

bh 2 2
,(b +h )
36

Ipc = bh ,(b2 +h 2)
36

bh
,(b2 +h 2)
12

Ipc =2(

d4
64

)=

d 4
32

d4
Ipo = 5
32

Ipo = 4 bh ,(b2 +h 2)
12

2 (Ip) (J) . :
=

()

Tr Tr
16T
=
=
J
Ip
d 3

: Ixy : 4, m4

1) : Ixy=A xy dA
: Ixy =A xy dA
: Ixy =xy A
2) : Ixy =IxcYc +Axy
=( IxcYc )+()( x)( y)
3)
Y

h
2

C
h

1hX
3

2
h
3

x
b

2 2
Ixy= b h
4

2 2
2 2
1 1
Ixy= b h ( )( )= b h
2 3
4
24

b2 h2
b2 h2
IxcYc = 13 (
)=
72
24

IxcYc =0

IxcYc =0
d2
Ixy=
16

2
1) : , 2 .

Y

Y
u

u
X

0 1

0 2

2
IX=max,
IY=min
:

1
IX=max,
IY=min

1
IX=max,
IY=min

Iu=max,
Iv=min

IX=max,
IY=min

Iu=max,
Iv=min

IX=max,
IY=min

(Imax)
(Imin)

2) 2 : 2 2 .
2 : Ip =

Imax
Imin

: tan 2p =

2Ixy
IxIy

Ix + Iy 1

(IxIy)2+4 Ixy 2
2
2
2Ixy
tan 2p =
IyIx