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05 01 Trigonometric Ratios
05 01 Trigonometric Ratios
05 01 Trigonometric Ratios
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Trigonometry
1.TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
ratio
angle
sin
cos
0o
0
1
/6
/4
1/2 1/ 2
3/2 1/ 2
tan
0
1/ 3
cot
undefined
3
cosec undefined
2
sec
1
2/ 3
1
1
2
2
/3
3/2
1/2
/2
1
0
3 undefined
1/ 3
0
2/ 3
1
2
undefined
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P
r
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4. Signs of Trigonometric ratios : If lies in I, II, III, IV quadrants then the signs of
trigonometric ratios are as follows.
II
90o < < 180o
sin and cosec
are (+)ve
I
0o < < 90o
all the ratios
are (+)ve
III
180o < < 270o
tan and cot
are (+)ve
IV
270o < < 360o
cos and sec
are (+)ve
Note : i) 0o, 90o, 180o, 270o. 360o, 450o, .. etc. are called quadrant angles.
ii) With ALL SILVER TEA CUPS symbol we can remember the signs of
trigonometric ratios.
5. Coterminal angles : If two angles differ by an integral multiples of 360o then two angles
are called coterminal angles.
Thus 30o, 390o, 750o, 330o etc., are coterminal angles.
Fn
sin
cos
90
cos
sin
cot
tan
cosec
sec
cosec
sec
cot
tan
180
sin
cos
270
cos
sin
360
sin
cos
tan
tan
cot
cosec sec cosec
sec cosec
sec
cot
tan
cot
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PROBLEMS
VSAQS
Convert the following into simplest form :
1. tan( 14)
Sol. tan(14 )
= tan[7 2 ] = [tan ] = tan
2.
cosec (5 + )
7
Find the value of cos
2
7
7
Sol. cos = cos
=0
2
2
3.
( cos(2n + 1)
= 0)
2
Evaluate
cos245 + cos2135 + cos2 225 + cos2 315
1
Sol. cos 45 =
, cos135 = cos(180 45)
2
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= cos 45
1
2
1
2
1 1 1 1
+
+
+
2
2 2
2
1 1 1 1
= + + + =2
2 2 2 2
1
2
tan 495 = tan[5(90) + 45]
= sin 45 =
= cot 45 = 1
cot 495 = cot[5(90) + 45]
= tan 45 = 1
G.E.
1
2
1
=
2
=
1+1
2
1
+
1 +1 = 0
2
If cos = t (0 < t < 1) and does not lie in the first quadrant, find the value of (a) sin
(b) tan .
Sol. cos = t lies in IV quadrant.
7.
x 2 = AC2 BC2 = 1 t 2
x = 1 t2
a) sin =
AB
= 1 t2
AC
AB
1 t2
=
b) tan =
BC
t
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8.
1
and does not lie in third quadrant, find the values of
3
(i) cos (ii) cot
If sin =
Solution:
1
does not lie in III Q
3
lies in IV Quadrant
sin =
cos = 1 sin 2 = 1
1 2 2
=
9
3
cos
=2 2
sin
9. Find the value of sin 3300 . cos1200 + cos 2100 . sin 3000
Solution:
1
sin 3300 = sin ( 3600 300 ) = sin 300 =
2
1
3
3
cos1200 = cos 2100 =
; sin 3000 = sin ( 3600 600 ) =
2
2
2
1
1
3
3
sin 3300 cos1200 + cos 2100 . sin 3000 = +
=1
2
2 2 2
1
10. If cosec + cot = , find cos and determine the quadrant in which lies.
3
2
2
Sol. cosec cot = 1
(cosec + cot ) (cosec cot ) = 1
cosec cot = 3
(1)
1
(2)
and cosec + cot =
3
From (1) + (2)
cosec cot = 3
1
cosec + cot =
3
1 10
2cosec = 3 + =
3 3
10
cos ec =
6
6
sin =
16
cot =
1
3
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1 8
2 cot = 3 =
3 3
8
8
=
cot =
23 6
cos = cot sin =
8 6 4
=
6 10 5
sec + tan = 5
sec tan =
1
5
1
5
25 + 1
2sec =
5
26 1
sec =
5 2
13
sec =
5
12
12
tan = , sin =
5
13
2sec = 5 +
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1
12. If cos A = cos B = : A does not lie in second quadrant B does not lie in third quadrant
2
4sin B 4 tan A
find the value of
tan B + sin A
Solution:
1
cos A = cos B = ;
A does not lie in II Q
2
A lies in III Q
3
sin A =
2
1
cos B =
B does not lie in III Q
2
B lies in II Q
sin B =
3
2
tan A = 3
4sin B 3 tan A
=
tan B + sin A
13.
tan B = 3
3
3 3
3
2
2
=
=
3 3 3
3
3
2
2
2
= cos 4 A
13
cos ec
+ A sec(3 + A) cot A
2
2
tan A = cot A
2
13
cos ec
+ A = sec A
2
sec(3 + A) = sec A
2
cos A cos A
cos3 A
= sin A cos A
= cos 4 A
sin A
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14. cot cot 3 cot 5 cot 7 cot 9 = 1
20 20 20 20 20
1
Sol. cot = cot 9 =
tan 9
20
1
3
cot = cot 27 =
tan 27
20
5
cot = cot 45 = 1
20
7
cot = cot 63 = cot(90 27) = tan 27
20
9
cot = cot 81 = cot(90 9) = tan 9
20
3
5
7
9
cot cot cot
cot
20
20
20
20
20
1
1
=
1 tan 27 tan 9 = 1
tan 9 tan 27
cot
11
35 7
sin
tan
sec
3
6 3
15. Simplify
.
5
7
17
cos cos ec cos
4
4
6
11
11
Sol. sin
= sin 660
= sin
3
3
= sin(2 360 60)
= sin 60 =
3
2
1
35
tan
= tan1050 = tan(3 360 30) = tan 30 =
3
6
7
sec = sec(420) = sec 420 = sec(360 + 60) = sec 60 = 2
3
5
cos
4
7
csc
4
1
2
17
cos
= cos 510 = cos(360 + 150)
6
= cos100 = cos(180 30) = cos 30 =
3
2
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3 1
(2)
2
3
L.H.S. =
3
1
(
2)
2
2
=
2
1
=
= R.H.S.
3
3
2
cot 20 tan 20
tan 20 + cot 20
1
tan 20
tan
20
=
1
tan 20 +
tan 20
=
1
1 p2
p
1 p2
p
p
=
=
=
1 p2 + 1 p2 + 1
p+
p
p
17. If , are complementary angles such that b sin = a, then find the value of
(sin cos cos sin ).
Sol. and are complementary angles.
+ = 90
= 90
b sin = a sin =
a
b
2
b2 a 2
a
cos = 1 sin = 1 =
b2
b
2
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b2 a 2
cos =
b
Since = 90
sin = sin(90 ) = cos
cos = sin
and = 90
sin = sin(90 ) = cos
cos = sin =
a
b
a
b
sin cos cos sin
cos =
a a
b2 a 2
b2 a 2
=
b b
b
b
a 2 (b 2 a 2 ) a 2 b 2 + a 2 2a 2 b 2
= 2
=
=
b
b2
b2
b2
18. If cos + sin = 2 cos then prove that cos sin = 2 sin
Solution:
cos + sin = 2 cos -------- (1) squaring and adding (1) & (2)
Let cos sin = x -------(2)
( cos + sin )
+ ( cos sin ) =
2
2 cos
2 2 cos 2 = x 2 x = 2 sin
+ x2
19. If 8 tan A = 15 and 25 sin B = 7 and neither A nor B is in the fourth quadrant, then show
304
that sin A cos B + cos A sin B =
.
425
Sol. 8 tan A = 15
15
tan A =
8
A lies in II quadrant
15
8
sin A = , cos A =
17
17
25sin B = 7
7
25
B lies in III quadrant
7
24
sin B = , cos B =
25
25
L.H.S. : sin A cos B + cos A sin B
sin B =
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15 24 8 7 3 24 8 7
+
=
+
17 25 17 25 17 5 17 25
360 56 304
=
+
=
425 425 425
4
6
9
20. Prove that sin 2
+ sin 2
+ sin 2
+ sin 2
=2
10
10
10
10
Solution:
4
6
9
sin 2
+ sin 2
+ sin 2
+ sin 2
10
10
10
10
sin 2 + cos 2
+ cos 2 + sin 2 = 2 sin 2 + cos 2 = 2
10
10
10
10
10
10
= sin 2
10
+ cos 2
10
=1
2
find the value of sin and determine the quadrant in which lies
3
Solution:
2
3
2 3
2sec = + sec = 13 /12
3 2
lies in IV Quadrant
sec + tan =
3
2
tan 15
=
sin =
sec
13
sec + tan =
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cos B + cos D = 0
(2)
Adding (1) and (2)
cos A + cos B + cos C + cos D = 0.
24. If a cos b sin = c, then show that a sin + b cos = a 2 + b 2 c 2 .
(1)
Sol. a cos b sin = c
Let a sin + b cos = k (2)
Squaring and adding
25. If 3 sin A + 5 cos A = 5, then show that 5 sin A 3 cos A = 3.
Sol. 3 sin A + 5 cos A = 5
Let 5 sin A 3 cos A = k
Squaring and adding
(3 sin A + 5 cos A)2 + (5 sin A 3 cos A)2 = 25 + k2
sin
1
1 + sin
+
=
cos cos
cos
tan + sec 1 1 + sin
=
tan sec + 1
cos
=
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27. Prove that (1 + cot csc )(1 + tan + sec ) = 2 .
Sol. L.H.S. : (1 + cot csc )(1 + tan + sec )
1 sin
1
cos
= 1 +
1+
+
sin
cos
x
x
= cos3 cos =
a
a
1/ 3
y
y
= sin 3 sin =
b
b
2/3
x
y
+ =1
a
b
29. x = a cos4 = b sin4 .
Sol. x = a cos 4 cos 4 =
cos 2 =
x
a
y = b sin 4 sin 4 =
sin 2 =
x
a
y
b
y
b
cos 2 + sin 2 = 1
1/ 2
x
y
x
+
=1
a
b
a
1/ 2
y
+
b
=1
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SAQS
32. Prove that 3(sin cos ) 4 + 6(sin + cos ) 2 + 4(sin 6 + cos6 ) = 13
Sol. Consider (sin cos ) 2 = sin2 + cos2 2 sin cos = 1 2 sin cos
(sin cos )4 = [(sin cos )2]2 = [1 2sin cos ]2 = 1 + 4sin 2 cos 2 4sin cos
(sin cos ) 4 = 1 + 4sin 2 cos 2 4sin cos
(sin + cos ) 2 = sin 2 + cos 2 + 2sin cos
= 1 + 2sin cos
(sin + cos ) 2 = 1 + 2sin cos
sin 6 + cos6 = (sin 2 )3 + (cos 2 )3
= (sin 2 + cos 2 )3 3sin 2 cos 2 (sin 2 + cos 2 )
= 1 3sin 2 cos 2 ( sin 2 + cos 2 = 1)
sin 6 + cos6 = 1 3sin 2 cos 2
3(sin cos ) 4 + 6(sin + cos ) 2 + 4(sin 6 + cos6 )
= 3[1 + 4sin 2 cos 2 4sin cos ] + 6[1 + 2sin cos ] + 4[1 3sin 2 cos 2 ]
= 3 + 12sin 2 cos 2 12sin cos + 6 + 12sin cos + 4 12sin 2 cos 2
= 3 + 6 + 4 = 13
1
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34. Prove that
Sol. Consider
1 + sin cos = (1 cos ) + sin
= 2sin 2
Again consider
1 + sin + cos = (1 + cos ) + sin
+ 2sin cos
2
2
2
2sin 2 sin 2 + cos 2
L.H.S.:
2 cos cos + sin
2
2
2
sin 2
2sin 2
2 =
2 = 1 cos = R.H.S.
=
1 + cos
cos 2
2 cos 2
2
2
2sin
1 cos + sin
35. If
.
= x , find the value of
1 + cos + sin
1 + sin
2sin
=x
Sol.
1 + cos + sin
2 sin cos
2
2
=x
2
2 cos + 2sin cos
2
2
2
4sin cos
2
2
=x
2sin
2
=x
...(1)
cos + sin
2
2
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+ 2sin cos
2
2
2
=
2
2
sin + cos + 2sin cos
2
2
2
2
sin + cos
sin 2 + cos 2
2
2
1 cos + sin
1 + sin
2sin 2
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