Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Coimbatore CBD
Coimbatore CBD
Coimbatore CBD
Group Members
Sl. No.
Roll No.
B110576CE
ABDHUL KHADHIR S H
B110510CE
ANKIT SINGH
Department of Architecture
National Institute of Technology Calicut
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this report entitled URBAN DESIGN IN COIMBATORE CITY - A CASE
STUDY is a bonafide record of the work carried out by
Sl. No.
Roll No.
B110576CE
ABDHUL KHADHIR S H
B110510CE
ANKIT SINGH
during Winter semester 2014-2015 in partial fulfilment of the credit requirements of AR4062 Urban
Design
Date: 13/04/2015
Faculty in-charge
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank Ms. Jesna Bharghav faculty in charge of Course Urban Design (A4062), for
her kind support, guidance and valuable information provided without which it would have been
impossible to complete the report successfully.
We would also like to thank our friends and family for their constant support and guidance. And last
but not the least lord Almighty for his blessings
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE ............................................................................................................................................ 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................. 3
1.
INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 6
1.1 Geography and climate ................................................................................................................. 6
2.
DEMOGRAPHY................................................................................................................................. 8
2.1 Population ..................................................................................................................................... 8
2.2
3.
Density .................................................................................................................................... 8
4.
LANDUSE ....................................................................................................................................... 13
5.
6.
7.
8.
Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 28
9.
References .................................................................................................................................... 29
List of Figures
Figure 1.1
Figure 2.1
Figure 4.1
Figure 5.1
Figure 7.1
Figure 7.2
Figure 7.3
Figure 7.4
Figure 7.5
Figure 7.6
Figure 7.7
Figure 7.8
Figure 7.9
Figure 7.10
List of Tables
Table 1-1
Table 2-1
Table 2-2
Table 3-1
Table 3-2
Table 3-3
Table 4-1
Table 4-2
Table 6-1
Table 6-2
1. INTRODUCTION
Coimbatore also known as Kovai is a fast growing tier II city in India. It is the second largest city in the
Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Coimbatore is well known for its textile industries and has excellent
potential for industrial growth and hence popularly known as The Manchester of South India. In
addition to textiles, it is also an industrial, commercial, educational, information technology, healthcare
and manufacturing hub in Tamil Nadu. Coimbatore is the 4th largest metropolis in South India and the
administrative capital of Coimbatore district. Coimbatore has been ranked 4th among Indian cities in
investment climate by CII (Confederation of Indian Industry) and ranked 17th among the top global
outsourcing cities by Tholons.
Coimbatore has a pleasant, salubrious climate due to its proximity to thickly forested mountain ranges
and the cool breeze blowing through the Palghat gap which makes the consistently hot temperatures
pleasant. Under the Kppen climate classification, the city has a tropical wet and dry climate, with the
wet season being from October to December due to the northeast monsoon. Coimbatore is located at an
elevation of about 411 meters. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures varies between 35 C
(95 F) and 18 C (64 F). highest temperature ever recorded is 41 C (106 F) and lowest is 8 C (46
F).
Table 1-1 Climate Data Coimbatore
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high
33
37
39
40
41
38
37
38
37
37
33
33
41
C (F)
(91)
(99)
(102)
(104)
(106)
(100)
(99)
(100)
(99)
(99)
(91)
(91)
(106)
Average
30
32
35
35
34
31
30
31
32
31
29
29
31.6
high C (F)
(86)
(90)
(95)
(95)
(93)
(88)
(86)
(88)
(90)
(88)
(84)
(84)
(88.9)
Average
19
19
21
23
23
22
22
22
22
22
21
19
21.3
low C (F)
(66)
(66)
(70)
(73)
(73)
(72)
(72)
(72)
(72)
(72)
(70)
(66)
(70.3)
Record low
10
20
20
20
20
21
20
14
11
C (F)
(48)
(48)
(50)
(68)
(68)
(68)
(68)
(70)
(68)
(57)
(52)
(46)
(46)
Rainfall mm
14
12
19
53
76
38
57
42
56
153
123
50
693
(inches)
(0.55)
(0.47)
(0.75)
(2.09)
(2.99)
(1.5)
(2.24)
(1.65)
(2.2)
(6.02)
(4.84)
(1.97)
(27.27)
2. DEMOGRAPHY
2.1 Population
The population of Coimbatore city has grown from 47,007 in 1911 to 10,50,721 in 2011. Table 2.1
shows the growth of population from 1911. It can be seen that the population has increased by nearly
22 times. The sudden increase in population in 1921 is due to the inclusion of surrounding villages into
the municipal corporation limits in 1913. The electric power made available from the year 1935
encouraged the establishment of a number of industries between the years 1941 to 1951 resulting in the
population growing by 52%.
The dramatic increase in population in the year 1981, is attributed to the up gradation of Coimbatore
Municipality to the status of Corporation, whereby additional areas were included in its jurisdiction..
By statistical methods, the population of Coimbatore City by the year 1921 is estimated to be 11,17,709.
Table 2-1
Year
Population Growth
Population
Variation
% Increase
1911
47007
1921
65788
18781
39.95
1931
95198
29140
44.29
1941
130348
35150
36.92
1951
197755
67407
51.71
1961
286305
88550
44.78
1971
356368
70063
24.47
1981
700923
344555
96.69
1991
806321
105398
15.04
2001
923085
116764
14.48
2011
1020397
97312
10.54
2021
1117709
97312
9.54
2.2 Density
The population in Coimbatore is spread over an area of 246.75 km2 (Before expansion area= 105.60
Km2 ) with a density of 9.950 person/Km2. The density has increased from 7,727 persons/Km2 in
1991 to 9,950 persons/Km2 in 2011 (increase of 28%). Out of the total area of 246.75 Km2, 75.97%
is developed area. The city is divided into four zones namely, North Zone, South Zone, East Zone
and West Zone containing 18 ward each (total of 72 wards) The figure 2.1 shows the population
density of each ward in a map as per the 2001 census data. It is to be noted that the population
density at 2001 was 8,830 persons/Km2
Figure 2.1
Table 2.2 shows the zone wise density distribution. It is noted that, North, South and West zones have
equitable density of about 9,200 persons per sq.km, while the east zone has density of about 7,945
owing to larger area when compared to other zones.
Table 2-2 Zone-wise density distribution
Zone
North
Population
28.1
2,56,434
9115
33
2,61,889
7945
South
21.5
2,20,021
9383
West
22.8
2,10,538
9235
East
3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE
3.1 Employment
Tertiary Sector mainly in industries and related ancillary activities provides major employment in the
City. Approximately 89 percent of the workforce is employed in tertiary sector. It is also noted that,
Coimbatore serves as a major commercial hub for its surrounding towns and villages with about 7
percent of the property tax assessments being commercial establishments. These commercial activities
also generate significant employment opportunities. Owing to the presence of numerous engineering
colleges in and around Coimbatore and the proposals for emergence of IT industries, would also serve
as a potential employment base and present a great opportunity for the development of Coimbatore.
Average Household Size. The total number of households in Coimbatore according to census 2001 is
224,687. Correspondingly, the household size is 4.14, which is lesser than national average of 5.
Census of Tamil Nadu has classified houses based on the type of roof material, which is
detailed out in Table 3.2.
Like any other town or city in India, concrete roof and tiled
10
Table 3-2
Based on the type of floor in occupied census houses, the census classification is given in Table 3.2.
The use of concrete floor is most preferred with 65 percent of the total occupied census houses followed
by the usage of mosaic and other types of tiles.
Table 3-3
3.3. Health
The Corporation maintains 16 dispensaries (11 Allopathy, 2 Siddha and 3 Ayurvedha) and 2 maternity
homes with 20 urban health posts. All the dispensaries and maternity homes are run by qualified doctors
and other para- medical staff using modern equipments and diagnostic techniques. In addition to these
corporation maintained hospitals, there are about 850 nos. of private hospitals, dispensaries, etc. in the
city.
3.4. Education
Coimbatore houses government education institutions along with aided and private institutions. It also
houses some of the best engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu like the Coimbatore Institute of
Technology, P.S.G College, etc. The literacy rate in the town is 80 percent marginally higher than the
11
Coimbatore district figures. The main reason for higher literacy can be attributed to the presence of
many engineering colleges and other technical institutes. The Corporation maintains 98 schools with a
total teaching strength of 1318 and student strength of 39,360. Of the 98 schools maintained by the
Corporation, 60 are Elementary schools, 13 Higher Elementary or Middle schools, 11 Higher Secondary
schools, and one special school for the deaf and dumb.
12
4. LANDUSE
Study of the land use pattern of Coimbatore, for an area of 105.60 sq.km as indicated in Coimbatore
Master Plan shows that approximately 76 percent of land is put to development use, whereas
approximately 23 percent of the land is still being put to agricultural use, water bodies, vacant areas and
heritages sites. Almost 80 percent of the developed area is put to residential use. In the proposed land
use plan for 2021, it is noted that the city is predominantly expected to develop in residential area and
in industrial area. Table 4.1 shows the existing Landuse pattern as per 2011 data.
Table 4-1 Existing Lanuse breakup 2011
Land Use
Area in Hectare
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Educational
Public & Semi Public
Agricultural
TOTAL
63.1868
59.84
2.794
2.65
4.91
4.65
6.615
6.26
2.7189
2.57
25.3753
24.03
105.6
100.00
13
Residential use: The residential development is spread over 65 sq. kms. High density residential
development is found in the old parts of the city especially in the areas around Rangai Gounder street,
Edgar street, etc. While the newly developed residential areas are well planned with regular street
pattern, well-shaped plots and spaces for public use, the old areas are devoid of
public spaces and a regular street pattern.
Commercial Use: The main commercial area in the old city is located at Oppankara street, Rangai
Gounder street, Big Bazaar street and the adjacent areas. R.K.Puram, Gandipuram are other areas are
coming up as commercial hubs of the city. The retail trade is concentrated along Dewan Bahadur road,
Crosscut road, Avinashi road upto Race Course road, Jail road and N.S.R.road. Most of the wholesale
business and warehousing activities take place in the old city. These activities demand substantial space
in the prime areas and attract heavy vehicles thus adding to the problem of congestion.
Industrial use: The area under industrial use is 4.40 sq. km in 2011 and it expected to increase to 6.8
sq.km in 2021 as per the master plan. The major industrial areas are Peelamedu, which houses an
Industrial Estate, Singanallur and Uppilipalayam. Most of the textile mills and engineering units in the
city are located along Trichy road, Avinashi road and Mettupalayam road. Three textile mills are located
near the over bridge at the heart of the city. Apart from these, number of printing presses and small
automobile workshops are distributed all over the city along important roads. Thus, a pattern of mixed
land use exists in the city.
Coimbatore has also attracted investment in hi-tech industries in the recent years, especially in the field
of solar energy and computer software. There is a modern unit manufacturing solar energy equipment
near Coimbatore and several major software companies have set up development centers in the City.
Educational Use: The total area under educational use is 6.6 sq. kms, which are nearly 8.15 percent of
the total developed area of the city. Educational institutions are mainly concentrated towards the eastern
part of the city, with most of the technical and higher educational institutes located along Avinashi road
and Mettupalayam road. The location of educational institutions on these roads is one of the main
reasons for the growth of the city along these major corridors.
Public and Semi Public Use: The main components under this use are the medical and recreational
facilities. Parks, playgrounds and recreational clubs are the major recreation components under this use.
The botanical garden adjoining the Agricultural University is spread over an extensive area and attracts
large crowd. The other main parks in the city are the Bharati Park, Gandhi Park, Nehru Park and the
VOC Park.
Slums: Coimbatore consists of 60 approved slums that are developed and maintained by the Tamil Nadu
Slum Clearance Board (TNSCB) and the City Corporation. Works with regards to water supply, public
toilets, road improvement and drainage, street lighting, etc. are regularly taken up in these settlements.
Further, under the National Slum Development Program about 102 works are proposed to be taken up
to provide basic services to the slum dwellers.
14
The city being an industrial hub attracts migrants from rural areas thereby resulting in a proliferation of
illegal slums and squatter settlements. These areas become unhealthy locations and are prone to a
variety of health related hazards. In addition, high land prices with inappropriate and unclear land
ownership, poor access to credit and inadequate provision of serviced land has further accentuated this
growth in slums.
The proposed landuse breakup for the year 2021 is given below in Table 4.2
Table 4-2
Land Use
Residential
66.1714
62.26
Commercial
4.3348
4.10
Industrial
7.2138
6.83
Educational
8.0565
7.65
4.5230
4.28
15.2973
14.48
105.6
100.00
Agricultural
TOTAL
15
There is an outer ring road existing which connects the major arterials. Though this has reduced the
traffic congestion to a some extend, the congestion problem still persists. As a solution for this, the
master plan 2021 has proposed a inner ring road connecting all the major arterials
Intersections: Intersections being accident-prone areas, its geometry assumes great significance. Few
intersections with heavy traffic flow are:
a). Sathyamangalam road and Crosscut road
b). Puliakulam road and Avinashi road
c). Sathyamangalam road and 100 ft. road
16
17
Figure 5.1
18
19
Track over and 2.0m wide Footpath over built-up drain is proposed on either side of Mixed Traffic
Lane. The Cycle Track is separated from Mixed Traffic Lane by providing 250mm CC Buttons. Out
of total 17.6 km BRTS is passing at grade for a length of 6.64 km (dedicated) and 6.87 km is passing
though elevated section. It is proposed to have 14 at grade bus stops and 3 elevated bus stops.
5.5 Railway
Coimbatore Junction, also known as Kovai Junction, is the primary railway station serving the city of
Coimbatore. It has six platforms. It is a Major Railway junction in South India and the second busiest
and revenue yielding railway station in Tamil Nadu. Many trains from Kerala to other parts of the
country pass through Coimbatore Junction apart from 18 pairs of terminating express trains. It is one of
the top booking stations in India according to Indian Railway.
The other junctions are located at Coimbatore North Junction (2.6 km away from CBE on the northern
side), Podanur Junction (5.8 km away from CBE on the southern side)and Irugur(16 km from CBE on
eastern side)
5.6. Connectivity
The major Bus terminals are located along the arterials and are well interconnected. The railway stations
are also well connected to the CBD. There is frequent bus service to the International Airport and the
airport is also accessible through the railway. The Irungur junction is located near the International
airport
20
6. PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
6.1 Water Supply System
The water needs of the corporation is met mainly through two major water supply schemes,
i)
ii)
6.2. Electricity
The electric power distribution is done directly to various consumers by the electricity board. The
various sub-stations with their capacities are shown in Table 6.1
Table 6-1 Various sub-stations with their capacities
21
Table 6.2 shows the consumption of electricity for different uses. The supply is broadly divided into
two- Low Tension Supply and High Tension Supply
Table 6-2 Consumption of Electric Power
The existing source of getting power is sufficient for the entire population of Coimbatore Local Planning
area and meet out the future load growth. The Electricity Board has also proposed three new substations
at Sullur, Kallimadi and Kalapatti each of 32 MVA capacity.
6.3 Drainage
The existing sewage system covers an area of 23.10 sq. km which together has a discharge of 36.04
MLD. Individual septic tanks cover the area not covered by the underground drains. These are disposed
and treated at two plants at Ukkadam and Vellalore.
As the exixsting system fails to meet the futre demand, the corporation has planned a new plant at
Nanjundapuram to cater to the excess demands of the future.
22
Disposal Sites: There are 4 disposal yards out of which only one is operational at Vellalore sewage
farm. The landfill site at Vellalore has been operational for the last two years, subsequent to the closure
of the citys earlier dumpsites. The corporation has obtained permission from the Tamil Nadu Pollution
Control Board (TNPCB) to use this land for municipal solid waste disposal. The Vellalore compost
yard has an extent of 604 acres of dry land acquired from farmers with one Weigh Bridge and 30 acres
of greenery around it. The Coimbatore Corporation initially acquired this property for the sewage
disposal.
23
Figure 7.1
Figure 7.2
PSG College
24
3.
Figure 7.3
Ukkadam Lake
Figure 7.4
25
Figure 7.6
Avinashi Road
Figure 7.7
26
Figure 7.8
9. Tidel Park
Figure 7.9
Tidel Park
Figure 7.10
VOC Park
27
8. Conclusion
28
9. References
29