T chc cuc sng

882

T CHC CUC SNG

Khi cc bn ri vo bt c mt trng hp no m phi tr li lu trong
vng hoang d, cc bn khng th th ng b gi m thi gian chm chm
tri qua. S th ng cng s chm chm bo mn th xc v tinh thn
ca cc bn. Cc bn phi bit cch t chc cho mnh mt cuc sng tt p.
Bit dng sc khe, ngh lc v thi gian phc v cho nhng nhu cu v
tin nghi ca chnh mnh. Nh th th thi gian s qua mau v s sinh tn li
gia tng. Cc bn s tm thy s th v v ngha ca cuc sng.
THUN DNG TH HOANG
Trong cuc sng ni hoang d, thun dng th hoang l mt vic lm
lm rt cn thit. Mt s th, va l bn b ca chng ta va gip cho chng
ta th gin, bt c n (iu m ngi sng ni hoang d s nht), va c
vic lm bt suy ngh, lo lng, s hi... hn na, chng ta cn c mt s
ng vt c th gip cho chng ta ch ng c ngun thc phm.
Cn c vo cc di vt kho c, vic thun dng th hoang c
ngi tin s thc hin cch y ti thiu l 12.000 nm, vo thi m con
ngi thun dng u tin. Mt s ch si bo dn n gn ni con ngi
sinh sng, n nhng thc n tha ri li vi ngi. l giai on thun
ha. thun dng, con ngi gi li nhng ch si con hay sa nui
(si hoang ch tru m rt t sa). Nh th, c nhn ca chng ta v tnh
thc hin vic chn lc di truyn mt loi vt.

Tranh thun ha ng vt ca ngi Ai cp c i

Khi con ngi bt u lm nng nghip cch y khong 9.000 nm,

quyn lc ca con ngi i vi th cng ngy cng tng. u tin, t hai
loi th hoang no , ging cu v d c hnh thnh; sau n loi b
rng oroc v ln li (t tin ca b v ln nh ngy nay). K tip l la, lc
, nga, ngng, g... Cui thi i mi, nhng ngi nng dn

SINH TN NI HOANG D

PHM VN NHN

 T chc cuc sng

883

Trung ng, chu u, chu , chu M thun dng phn ln gia sc, gia
cm nh chng ta hin ny.
CHN TH THUN DUNG
Ngy xa, ngi tin s phi thun dng mt lai vt trong nhiu th
k. Ngy nay, cc nh khoa hc mong mun rt ngn thi gian li ch cn vi
nm. Trong nhng nm gn y, cc nh khoa hc nghin cu, phc ha
c c im tiu biu ca mt loi c th a vo chn nui c nh sau:
C mt cuc sng tp qun: Mt loi vt m ch bit sng n c,
bo v lnh th, khng chp nhn sng chung vi ng loi, rt kh
thun dng
C h thng trt t by n: Mi quan h gia cc thnh vin trong
by phi c nh hnh r rt mi c th nui theo n c.
Chp nhn rng buc: Vt nui phi bit chp nhn cnh sng rng
buc bn cnh nhng con vt nui khc, c bit, phi chp nhn s
hin din ca ngi chn nui.
Theo nhng quan st ban u, tun lc, b rng, nga hoang, linh
dng, . . . l ging thch sng tp qun, tnh by n rt pht trin, d
thun dng. Hong c l l con vt kh thun dng nht. Sau nhiu nm
nui dng chm sc, vn khng thay i tp tnh bao nhiu. Qu trnh
thun dng hu nai cng khng d dng g.
Trong giai on thun ha ban u, mt s hu trng thnh cht v
bnh lit c do qu cng thng (stress), hu ci hc u vo hng ro t
st... Mun nui dng hu con, phi cai sa (hay cho b sa bnh), t 6
thng tui th chng mi khng s ngi.
Ngoi ra, mun thun dng th hoang, cc bn cng cn nm bt
c mt s tp tnh v am tng v loi thc n thch hp ca tng loi th.
Nhng chim th mi nh bt ni hoang d v, cc bn nht li, cho n ung
va , nhng hn ch ti a s tip xc gn gia bn v th (nn xut hin
xa xa, lm cho con th thy nhng khng gy ra s s hi). Hy ln
quan st, khi thy th ht thc n th bn xut hin mang theo thc n v
nc ung (nht l nc ung). Dn dn, khi con th bt lng ln, th
tng dn s xut hin ca bn cho n khi con th khng cn s hi na...

SINH TN NI HOANG D

PHM VN NHN

 T chc cuc sng

884

Nu c th, cc bn nn o ao th c. Nhng ngy may mn nh bt

c nhiu c, cc bn th nui dnh. Tuy nhin, v l c hoang d cha
qua giai on thun ha, cho nn cc bn phi lm ng chn cao ln. Nu
khng, khi gp thi tit thch hp, n s trn ln b m i ht.
Vit Nam, nhiu ngi thun ha c nhiu th hoang c kinh t cao
nh hu sao, nai, heo rng, nhm, iu . . . nui dng c mt s th
khc nh c su, trn, rn... lm kinh t v nhiu chim th ln nh khc
nhau, nhng ch yu l gii tr hn l kinh t.
LM VN
T tin ca chng ta chuyn t thc phm bp bnh do sn bn hi
lm sang thc phm n nh do chn nui v trng trt cch y rt lu,
cho thy thc phm c t chn nui v trng trt rt hiu qu. Nhng do cc
bn khng c ht ging, phi dng nhng cy hoang di trng, hoc do
cc bn cha c kinh nghim v nng nghip cho nn trong giai on khai
ph, cc bn c th rt vt v m thu hoch li khim tn. Xin ng chn
nn, c bt u li sau sau mi ln tht bi, c mi ln nh th cc bn li
hc thm mt s kinh nghim. Ngoi cc cy lm thc phm, cc bn
cng nn trng mt s hoa cnh, n s nng cho tinh thn ca cc bn
rt nhiu. M rng hoang th c rt nhiu cy cho hoa p v thm, nht l
cc loi phong lan.
Nh nhng ngi nng dn Vit Nam thng ni: ngh nng c 4 khu
quan trng, l: nc, phn, cn, ging
Nc: Nu ni bn ang m
khng c nc hoc nc rt khan
him, th xin ng m tng n
chuyn trng trt, v y l mt khu
quan trng nht. Nc khng nhng
cn c m phi c quanh nm, nht
l vo ma kh
Cc bn cng phi bit loi cy
no cn nhiu nc hoc thm ch c
th sng di nc (la, rau mung,
rau ng, da nc...) loi no cn ti
nhiu nhng khng th ngp nc (bp,
u, rau ci...) v thi im no cn
nhiu nc, lc no th cn tho cn...
Phn: Gm c phn xanh, cht thi, xc ng vt, rong ru... Cc bn
phi cc loi cy xanh (tt nht l cc loi cy thuc h u) bin thnh
phn. Phn ngi v phn ng vt th phi kh hay cho hoai ri mi bn
(nu khng cy s cht). Cc bn cng c th ngm xc c hay th vt
ly nc ti (y kn, xa ni sinh hot, v rt thi)
Cc bn phi bit cch bn cng nh thi im bn phn nh bn lt,
tng cng, bn thc...
Cn: y l sing nng, cn c... theo di v chm sc cy trng,
trt ta kinh nghim.
Ging: Tr khi cc bn chun b trc, bng khng th cc bn s
chn nhng cy ging t thin nhin. Cy ging c th gieo t ht, nh t

SINH TN NI HOANG D

PHM VN NHN

 T chc cuc sng

885

cy con, chit cnh, gim cnh, ghp mm hay cnh... Khi chn ging, cc
bn nn chn nhng cy kho mnh, nng sut cao, d trng.
CC SINH HOT KHC
Ngoi ra, cc bn cng nn sp xp thi gian vit nht k, thm
him khm ph khu vc, su tm v ch bin sn cc loi dc tho, dc
liu dnh, v nht l lm th cng, ch to cc tin nghi v vt dng.
CH TO CNG C, VT DNG
nhng ni hoang d, cc bn phi bit vn dng tr thng minh v c
sng to ca chnh mnh, tn dng mi vt liu c tm thy trong vng
hoc ca chng ta mang theo, ch tc thnh nhng cng c v vt dng
thng ngy, phc v cho nhu cu cuc sng. Trong cng vic ny, i khi
chng ta phi quay tr li thi k . Ngha l phi bit tc nhng
mnh lm ru, dao... Bit dng xng hay sng th lm cng c, v
kh... Bit ly go da, v c, v s... thay t, chn, ly tch... Bit nn t
st ri em nung, bin n thnh ni niu, thau chu, chum, vi... Bit dng
v cy, l cy, da th, chm kt thnh nn m, thnh giy dp, thnh o
qun.. v.v v v.v
Nu tho vt, cc bn s bin ni hoang d thnh ch c tr tin nghi
v th v, cc bn s bn bu sut ngy, khng cn th gi bun ru, lo
ngh. Bng ngc li, cc bn s c nhng ngy th lng bun thm. Cuc
sng ko di trong thiu thn lnh lo, nh th chc chn cc bn khng th
no tr c lu. Cc bn hy nh: khng c ai c th gip c trong lc
ny, chng ta ch c th ng ln trn chnh i bn chn ca chng ta.
Vn ln vi ngh lc ca chnh mnh, bng cch lm cho cuc sng chng ta
tin nghi v thoi mi trong vic ch tocc vt dng thng ngy, trong
vic sn tm thc phm, dn dp v trang tr ch vi nim tin l s c
ngy, cn chi ca bn c n tip nhng ngi cu h, v n s l nim
kiu hnh ca cc bn...
Hy vn ln trn hoang d, nu khng hoang d s nut chng cc
bn

SINH TN NI HOANG D

PHM VN NHN