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Kamien, Roger, Music An Appreciation, Brief, 7th edition, McGraw-Hill, 267-269


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7.

, . ., ,
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Burns, Ed., . :
., , , 2006
Dahlhaus, C., , :
., , : ., , ., ,
, , 2010.
. ., , . , .
, , 1981.
Hobsbawm, E.J, , . ,
2007
Landes, David, , .
, , 2009

23

Michels, Ulrich, , .2, . ., , 1999


Kamien, Roger, Music An Appreciation, Brief, 7th edition,
McGraw-Hill
Kleiner, S. Fred, Gardners Art through the Ages 13th
edition The western Perspective, Wadsworth, USA, 2010
., 19 ., .. .,
, , 1984.
, .
. , , 2005

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