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Magdha Dynasty, Magdha Empire, Magadha Empire in India, Legendary Kings of Magadha
Magdha Dynasty, Magdha Empire, Magadha Empire in India, Legendary Kings of Magadha
Magdha Dynasty, Magdha Empire, Magadha Empire in India, Legendary Kings of Magadha
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MAGADHADYNASTY
History:
MagadhaEmpireruledfrom684B.C320B.CinIndia.TheMagadhaEmpireis
mentionedinthetwogreatepicsRamayanaandMahabharata.Itisbeenknownthat
ShishunagadynastyfoundtheMagadhaEmpire.Thegreatestempiresandreligionsof
IndiaoriginatedhereliketheGuptaEmpireandMauryanEmpire.Theseempiressaw
advancementsinancientIndia'sdifferentsubjectslikescience,mathematics,
astronomy,religion,andphilosophyandwereconsideredtheIndian"GoldenAge".
BuddhismandJainismthegreatreligionswerealsofoundedinMagadhaEmpire.
MagadhaDyanstywasthedominantforcein
thepoliticalsceneofNorthernIndiaofthose
times.Thisnamewasfirstmentionedinthe
Veda,andlateritisseenmentionedinseveral
otherancientIndiansources.Thefertilesoil
ofthisstateandtheenthusiasmofthepeople
forcultivationresultedinthefast
developmentofagricultureandthestatebecamericher.Verysoonthestateenteredintotrade
relationshipwithotherpartsofIndia.
KingBindusara(545/544493B.C.)oftheHaryankadynastyisthefounderofthisdynasty,the
brillianceofwhichilluminatedthehistoryofIndiaforalongtime.TheSisunagadynastycaptured
powerfromtheHaryankadynasty.ThisperiodsawthegloryofthedevelopmentoftheBuddhaJainareligions.AftertheSisunagas,itwas
theperiodoftheNandadynastytobefollowedbytheMaurya.TheKingBimbisara,wasmurderedbyhisPrinceAjatashatru.King
Pasenadi,kingofneighboringKosalaAjatashatruwascaughtbyanambushandcapturedwithhisarmy.However,KingPasenadiallowed
movingandarmyreturnedtoMagadha.KingPasendialsogothisdaughtermarriedtothenewyoungking.
DuetothedeathofBuhlulLodhiinJuly1489,hissonNizamKhansucceededhim,underthetitleSikandarShah.Heturnedouttobethe
mostcapableruleroftheLodhiDynasty.SikandarShahestablishedafairsystemofadministration&foundedthehistoricalcityofAgra.
HisempireextendedfromPunjabtoBiharandhealsosignedatreatywiththerulerofBengal,AlauddinHussainShah.SikandarShahwas
theonewhofoundedanewtownwherethemoderndayAgrastandsandwasknowntobeakindandgenerousrulerwhocaredforhis
subjects.
TheMagadhaMauryaitwasaperiodofcolorfuleventswhenthefirstlargestatesofIndiatookshape,gainedstrengthandthencontended
forsupremacy.KingUdayin(461445B.C.)shiftedthecapitalofMagadhafromRajagrihatoPataliputra(modernPatna)anditbecamea
veryfamouscenterofwealth,learningandpowerinancientIndia.
MagadhaEmpirewasamongthosewhichformedoneofthesixteenMahajanapadas(Sanskrit,"greatcountries")orregionsinancientIndia.
ThecoreareaoftheEmpirewastheareaofBiharsouthoftheGangesitscapitalwasRajagaha(modernRajgir).MagadhaEmpire
expandedfromEasternUttarPradeshtothemostofBihar,andBengalwiththeconquestofLicchaviandAngarespectively.Magadha
EmpireisalsomentionedinBuddhistandJaintexts.TheinitialreferenceofMagadhapeopleoccursintheAtharvaVedawheretheyare
foundlistedalongwiththeAngas,Gandharis,andMujavats.TherepublicancommunityofRajakumarawasalsoincludedintheMagadha
Dynasty.
MagadhaEmpiregainedmuchpowerduringtheruleofKingBimbisaraandsuccessorAjatshatru.Bimbisara
wasmurderedbyhissonAjatshatru.TheMagadhaEmpireinIndiaextendeduptomoderndayBihar,Patna
andsomepartsofBengal.TheempireextendedfromRiverGangestothekingdomsofKosalaandKashi
whichwereannexed.TheMagadhaEmpirefoughtmanybattleswithmostofitsneighbors.Duringthis
periodAjatshatrubuiltahugefortathiscapitalPataliputra.DuringtheeraBuddhaprophesizedandthis
placebecomeapopularplaceoftradeandcommerce.
MagadhapursuedapolicyofexpansionismandithadlinkswiththestatesofEasternandNorthernIndia.
ThepowerfulstatesofKoshala,AvantiandLichchaviwerethecontestantswithMagadhaforcontrollingthe
traderoutes,especiallytheGangesriversystem.Thisresultedinfrequentwars.KingUdayin(461445B.C.)
shiftedthecapitalofMagadhafromRajagrihatoPataliputra(modernPatna)anditbecameaveryfamous
centerofwealth,learningandpowerinancientIndiaWithpowerfulmilitaryforce,theMagadhaEmpire
naturallyhadanupperhandoverconqueringneighborhoodplacesandspreadingtheirterritory.However,
afterthedeathofKingUdayan,theMagadhaEmpirestartedtodeclineveryrapidly.Internaldisturbancesandcorruptionwithinthe
kingdomledtoitsdecline.TheMagadhaEmpirewasfinallytakenoverbythepowerfulNandadynastywhothenruledhereforagood
amountoftimebeforebeingtakenoverbytheMauryas.
The16Mahajanapadaandtheircapitalswereasfollows:
Anga:Champa
Magadha:Girvraj,Patliputra
Kashi:Banaras
Vatsa:Kausambi(Allahabad)
Koshal:Shravasti
Sursen:Mathura
Panchal:Ahikshatra,Kampilya
Kuru:IndraPrastha
Matsya:Bairath
Chedi:Shaktimati
Avanti:Ujjain,Mahishamati
Gandhar:Takshshila
Kambauj:HatakorRajpur
Asmak:PotanorPotani
Wajji:VaishaliorLichchhavi
Matsya:KushniaraorPawa
TheMagadhaadministrationwasdividedintojudicial,executiveandmilitaryfunctions.Magadhawasaregionwhichwasknownfor
productiveagriculture.Ironmineswereaccessibleandprovidedresourcesfortoolsandweapons.Elephantsformedanimportant
componentofthearmyintheregion.Gangaanditstributariesprovidedameansofcheapandconvenientcommunication.Villageshadtheir
ownassembliesundertheirlocalchiefscalledGramakas.
Place
Bihar&Patna
Period
684B.C320B.C
Language PashtoandPersian
Religion
Hinduism,Buddhism
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