ABAP and Netweaver Day 1: Hong Kong, China 3 - 7 July 2012

ABAP and Netweaver
Day 1
Hong Kong, China
3 7 July 2012
* Materials for this workshop are adapted from available resources from SAP UA
Agenda
Introduction to ABAP and Netweaver
What is ABAP?
What is Netweaver?
The R/3 Repository
Introduction to the ABAP workbench
ABAP Editor
ABAP Dictionary
Menu Painter
Screen Painter
Introduction to basic ABAP programming concepts, internal tables and
logical database
Basic ABAP concepts
Local Data
Internal tables and Open SQL
Logical databases
2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.
Introduction to ABAP and Netweaver
What is ABAP?
What is Netweaver?
The R/3 Repository
What is ABAP?
Features of ABAP
Advanced Business Application Programming:
Is an interpretative 4 GL which supports structured

programming and modularisation.
Has been enhanced as an object-oriented language.
Is capable of handling multi-language applications.
Fully integrates an SQL standard.
Is platform-independent.
What is ABAP?
Programming an Application
ABAP Programs can be :
Interactive reports - a program that reads and analyses

data in database tables without changing the database.
Dialog programs - allow you to work interactively with the

system and to change the contents of tables. Each program
has a certain sequence of screens.
What is ABAP?
Transporting Developments
What is ABAP?
ABAP Program
What is ABAP?
Interaction between Server Layers
The R/3 Repository
The R/3 Repository

SAPs Modules
10
What is Netweaver?
SAP Netweaver
11
The R/3 Repository

SAP ERP and SAP R/3 Enterprise
SRM
mySAP
SRM
HR
mySAP
HR
SCM
mySAP
SCM
CRM
mySAP
CRM
PLM
mySAP
PLM
FIN
mySAP
Financials
BI
mySAP
BI
21 Industry Solutions
mySAP Services
mySAP.com
Enterprise
Portal
mySAP Enterprise Portals
ERP
SAP R/3 Enterprise
Exchange
mySAP Exchanges
mySAP Technology
12
Introduction to the ABAP workbench
ABAP Editor
ABAP Dictionary
Menu Painter
Screen Painter
ABAP Development Workbench Tools
14
The Development Workbench
The ABAP Development Workbench is an integrated set

of fourth-generation tools which allows the development and
implementation of client/server applications, or modification
of the existing, standard R/3 modules.
It includes a repository, editor and dictionary, as well as
tools for testing, tuning and debugging, and optimising
performance.
15
Exercise 1
Introduction to the ABAP

Development Workbench,
Editor and Syntax
16
Menu Painter
Menu path Tools ABAP workbench

Development User Interface Menu Painter (SE41)
Create, edit menus, header's and toolbars in

ABAP programs
Will be used in Day 2 when we discuss dialog

programs
17
Screen Painter
Menu path Tools ABAP workbench Development

User Interface Screen Painter (SE51)
Create and edit DynPros
Separate programs which is only installed when using

SAPGui for Windows
Will be used in Day 2 when we discuss dialog programs
18
ABAP Editor
Menu path Tools ABAP workbench Development
ABAP Editor
Transaction code: SE38
Run, view, edit, activate, check ABAP code
Integrated into Object Navigator
19
Exercise 2
ABAP Editor
20
ABAP Dictionary
The ABAP Dictionary allows you to define data objects

such as tables and structures.
A transparent table in the dictionary has a one-to-one

relationship with a table in the database.
21
ABAP Dictionary
Accessing the ABAP Dictionary
22
ABAP Dictionary
A table definition in the Dictionary
23
ABAP Dictionary
Basic Dictionary Objects
Tables are made up of rows containing one or more fields.
When a field is defined its data type is determined by reference to a data
element.
A data element stores semantic properties field label and online
documentation.
(F1 help). A data element also references a domain.
A domain contains technical properties - data type/length.
24
ABAP Dictionary
Data Elements & Domains
Customer Table
fields
Data
Elements
Domain
z_phonew
phone_w
phone_f
phone_h
Label: work number

z_phonef
Label: fax number
z_phoneh
zphone
type: char
len: 12
Label: home number
25
ABAP Dictionary
SAPs Flight Data Model
26
ABAP Dictionary
Summary
The ABAP Dictionary is the central facility in the SAP

system where you can create and maintain tables and
other objects.
To create a table, you first need domains and data

elements. Domains provide the technical characteristics of
a field: data elements provide the field labels and F1 help.
Both are reusable.
27
Exercise 3
DATA Dictionary
28
Introduction to basic ABAP programming concepts,

internal tables, and logical database
Basic ABAP concepts
Local Data
Logical databases
Basic ABAP concepts

General ABAP Syntax
30
Basic ABAP concepts

General ABAP Syntax
31
Local Data
Data Type
A data field in ABAP is a variable which cannot be broken

up into smaller parts.
All data fields that are to be used in a program must be

defined before their first use.
Data fields in an ABAP program have a type.
E.g. You can define a data field student_name of type

character and length 25 as:
data student_name(25) type c.
32
Local Data
Elementary Data Types
There are ten built-in data types in ABAP.
Since SAP R/3 4.6 ABAP offers two variable length built-in elementary data types
STRING and XSTRING:
DATA: text-string TYPE string
text-string = ABAP programming is FUN!
XSTRING can contain the hexadecimal content of a byte sequence.

33
Local Data
Elementary Data Types
data: name(25) type c,

city(25),
flag.
data: student_id(7) type n value 6980.
write student_id.
data: book_price type p decimals 2.
34
Local Data
User-defined Data Types
You can make reference to an existing variable using

like.
data: customer_name(25) type c,
vendor_name like customer_name,
carridcode like spfli-carrid.
You can create your own data types and apply them to
variables.
types: t_name(25) type c.
data: customer_name type t_name,
vendor_name type t_name,
carridcode type s_carr_id.
35
Local Data
Structure
Structures consist of a series of variables grouped together under a common

name.
Structures are defined using the keywords begin of and end of.
data: begin of customer,
id(8) type n,
fname(12),
lname(15),
end of customer.
customer-id = 12345678.
customer-fname = Christian.
customer-lname = Wong.
write / customer.
write: / customer-id,
customer-fname,
customer-lname.
36
Local Data
Structure
You can define a structure type locally using the TYPE

statement.
37
Local Data
Structure
Structures can be used to set up a work area to store

database table record.
38
Local Data
Input Parameters
A Parameter is a special type of variable. It requires the

value of the variable to be input from a selection screen.
39
Control Statements
ABAP has 2 conditional logic statements:

If/Endif and Case/Endcase
2 loops:
Do/Enddo
While/Endwhile
and others such as Continue, Check & Exit.
ABAP does not have a GOTO statement.
Control commands can be nested and/or joined with

logical operators.
40
Control Statements
Logical Expressions
41
Control Statements
Conditions: If / ElseIf
Syntax:
if logical expression #1.
command lines.
[elseif logical expression #2.
command lines.]
[else.
command lines.]
endif.
Examples.
42
Control Statements
Logical Expressions & Operators
IF statements may be joined using the AND, OR or

NOT operators. Logical expressions may use the following
comparative operators :
eq
=
ne
<>
><
gt
>
ge
>=
lt
<
le
<=
between
co, ca, cs, cp (string comparisons)
Examples.
43
Control Statements
Evaluating Field Contents: Case/EndCase Vs If/Endif
44
Control Statements
Loops : Do/EndDo
An unconditional loop.
Syntax : do [N times].
Commands.
enddo.
The [N times] parameter is optional.

How do you end the loop ?
A system field, sy-index, automatically stores the

number of the current loop pass.
Examples.
45
Control Statements
Loops : While/EndWhile
Loop with terminating condition.
Syntax : while logical expression

commands
endwhile
While the logical expression is true, the sequence of

commands is executed.
Examples.
46
Control Statements
Other control commands
The CONTINUE statement inside a loop by passes all

subsequent statements within the loop and forces the next
loop to begin.
The CHECK statement has the same effect as

CONTINUE if the specified logical expression is not true.
The EXIT statement within a loop structure stops the

processing of the loop and the program will continue after
ENDDO/ENDWHILE.
Examples.
47
Exercise 4
Local Data and Control

Statements
48

What is an internal table ?
Internal tables (arrays) are data objects that allow you to retain several data
records within the same structure in working memory.
Internal tables have the same general structure as a database table, but are
held in memory, and initially contain no records.
The number of data records stored in an internal table is only restricted by the
capacity limits the computer system.
An internal table consists of a body and an optional header line.
The header line holds the current line of the table.
Internal tables are used to process large data sets in a structured manner:
Temporarily storing data from database tables for future processing;
Structuring and formatting data for output;
Formatting data for the use of other services.
49

What is an internal table ?
50

Defining an Internal Table
Basic ways of defining internal tables with and without header lines.
data:
itabsbook like sbook occurs 0. (no header)
data:
itabsbook like sbook occurs 0

with header line.
(header)
data:
begin of itabsbook occurs 0,

f1,
f2,
f3,
end of itabsbook.
(header)
data:
itabsbook type table of sbook,

wa_sbookinfo like line of itabsbook.
(user-defined work area in place of header)
51

Filling an internal table
Tables can be filled with data by:
Reading data from a database table e.g.
tables: vendor.
data vendtab like vendor occurs 0
with header line.
select * from vendor into table vendtab.
Or
select * from vendor appending table vendtab.
Appending lines e.g.

data:
begin of vendtab occurs 0,

no(6) type n,
name(20) type c,
end of vendtab.
select * from vendor.
vendtab-no = vendor-no.
vendtab-name = vendor-name.
append vendtab.
endselect.
52

Filling an internal table Example 1
A table customers has the following fields :
cnum
customer number
cname
customer name
caddress
customer address
cphone
customer phone no.
report yxxx123.
tables: customers.
data:
begin of itabcust occurs 0,
cnum like customers-cnum,
cname like customers-cname,
end of itabcust.
select * from customers.
move-corresponding customers to itabcust.
append itabcust.
endselect.
53

Filling an internal table Example 2
A table customers has the following fields :
cnum
customer number
cname
customer name
caddress
customer address
cphone
customer phone no.
report yxxx123.
tables: customers.
data:
begin of itabcust occurs 0,
cnum like customers-cnum,
cname like customers-cname,
end of itabcust.
select cnum cname from customers
into table itabcust.
54

Filling an internal table (contd)
Inserting lines at a specified position.

Single lines or a block of lines can be inserted in a table
before a specified line number. All subsequent entries are
moved down.
Examples :
Insert vendtab index 3.

The contents of the header line will be inserted before
line 3.
Insert lines of new vend

from 2 to 5
into vendtab index 3.
Lines 2 to 5 of the internal table new_vend will be
inserted before line 3 of vendtab.
55

Filling an internal table (contd)
Moving complete tables
An internal table can be filled with the contents of

another one in a single step by using the move command.
Examples :
move new_vend to vendtab.
Note :
If an internal table with a header line is involved, this header
line (but not the internal table itself) is copied by move.
56

Sorting an Internal Table
Data in an internal table can be sorted in a number of

ways:
Examples:
data stud_tab like student occurs 10
sort stud_tab.
sort stud_tab by studname, studid.
sort stud_tab by stud_id descending.
57

Retrieving lines
Once an internal table has been filled, data can be

retrieved by reading each line of the table using a loop, or
reading individual lines.
Examples :
1) loop at stud_tab.
write / stud_tab-studid.
write stud_tab-studname.
endloop.
2) loop at stud_tab
where studname = Smith.
endloop.
58

Retrieving lines (contd)
3) read table stud_tab index 5.
if sy-subrc = 0.
else.
write / Record not found.
endif.
4) read table stud_tab

with key studid = 3064537.
if sy-subrc .
5) read table stud_tab
with key studname = Smith
course = BGCC.
6) read table stud_tab with key studid
= 3165432 binary search.
59

Changing an internal table
The contents of a given line in an internal table can be

updated using the modify command. For example :
read table stud_tab
with key studid = 3354631.
if sy-subrc = 0.
stud_tab-course = BBBC.
modify stud_tab index sy-tabix.
endif.
Lines can also be inserted into a table and deleted from
a table.
60

Changing an internal table - Example.
tables: scustom.
data: cust_info like scustom occurs 0 with header line.
select * from scustom into table cust_info.
sort cust_info by id.
read table cust_info with key id = 00000001 binary search.
if sy-subrc = 0.
cust_info-telephone = '9654-2345'.
modify cust_info index sy-tabix.
endif.
loop at cust_info.
write: / cust_info-ID, cust_info-name, cust_info-telephone.
endloop.
61

Other table commands
clear tablename.
Clears the header record of the internal table.
refresh tablename.
Removes all the line records in a table (not the header).
describe table tablename lines lin occurs ini kind knd.
Provides information on attributes of the internal table such
as number of lines used.
free tablename.
Deletes the internal table and releases the storage.
62
Exercise 5
Internal Tables
63

Sample Problem
Print a list of all customers who will depart after

01/09/2006.
Use the bookings table and the customer table.

BOOKINGS TABLE
Bookid
001
002
003
004
Customid
003
001
001
003
Carrid
UA
UA
UA
QA
Connid
400
401
401
001
Fldate
20061230
20061121
20060622
20060804
CUSTOMER TABLE
Id
001
002
003
Name
Smith
Jones
Nguyen
City
Geelong
Prahran
Richmond
Phome
035214252
95294545
95234444
64

Solution 1 - Nested Select Statement
tables: bookings, customer.
select * from sbook

where fldate > 20060901.
select * from scustom
where id = sbook-customid.
write: / scustom-name,
sbook-fldate.
endselect.
endselect.
65

Solution 2 - Using a Logical Database
report lec601.
nodes: customers, bookings.

get customers.
write: / customers-name.
get bookings.
write at /3 bookings-fldate.
66
Logical databases
A logical database supplies your program with entries from tables. This
means that you only need to program the data processing statements.
Each logical database has a structure containing a hierarchy of those

tables that can be read.
67
Logical databases
What is a Logical Database?
Using a logical database is another method for reading data from a
database table.
A logical database is actually a separate program, usually written by

SAP, that provides access to a group of related tables.
The database access has been optimized using Open SQL.
The R/3 system contains about 150 logical databases covering most
of the business processes.
When you run a program that uses a logical database, the program
behind the logical database runs as well. The logical database displays
an automatic selection screen for the user, issues the SELECT
commands and returns the data to the calling program (your program).
68
Logical databases
Assigning a Logical Database
69
Logical databases
Selection screen of a Logical Database
When you use a logical database in your program, a selection screen is

called automatically, and the user can enter information to limit the data returned
by the logical database.
Selections displayed depends on the nodes statement in the program.
70
Logical databases
Event Sequencing: Using the GET event
An event is a keyword that defines a block of code to be executed when the

system detects a certain occurrence.
The GET event is used in a program that uses a logical database.
The GET events in an ABAP program are processed in a tree like order to
match the tree like order relationship of the tables in the logical database.
71
Logical databases
Using the GET event
72
Logical databases
Using the GET event
The first data record from database table SPFLI is made available to
your program. If your program has a GET spfli, the event block is
processed.
The first data record from SFLIGHT that corresponds to the key of
the current SPFLI record is made available to your program. If your
program has a GET sflight, the event block is processed.
The next corresponding data record from database table SFLIGHT

is made available to your program and the event block is processed
again.
GET sflight: is called again until no further corresponding data

records are found.
The logical database makes the next corresponding data record

from SPFLI available to your program etc.
73
Logical databases
Advantages of Logical Databases
Logical Databases simplify the creation of reports where

access to data from multiple tables is required.
A selection screen with appropriate selection criteria is

automatically created. You dont have to define this in your
program.
Logical Databases can be used in more than one

program. Improvements to the database access methods of
the logical database immediately improve the performance
of all programs using it.
74
Formatting
Formatting Output - Color
ABAP allows you to use 7 colors in your output lists.
You can activate these colors by specifying a number or a symbolic

name.
To display the colors and their corresponding symbolic names, use

transaction LIBS and select Demo: All Colors.
75
Formatting
Formatting Output - Color
76
Formatting
Generating Icons, Symbols and Lines
77
Formatting
Setting the list format
78
Formatting
Page and Column Headers
79
Formatting
Header using TOP-OF-PAGE Event
80
Formatting
Formatting Output - Solid Lines
The SY-ULINE system field generates a horizontal line, SY-VLINE a vertical

line.
report lec702.
data: square type i,
line_size type i value 40.
uline.
format color col_heading.
write: / sy-vline,
Numbers and their squares,
at line_size sy-vline.
format color off.
uline.
do 10 times.
square = sy-index ** 2.
write: / sy-vline,
sy-index color col_key,
sy-vline,
square,
at line_size sy-vline.
enddo.
uline.
81
Exercise 6
Using Logical Databases Formatting Output
82
Thank you
Contact information:
Taizan Chan
t.chan@qut.edu.au

ABAP and Netweaver Day 1: Hong Kong, China 3 - 7 July 2012

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ABAP and Netweaver

Introduction to ABAP and Netweaver

The R/3 Repository

Advanced Business Application Programming:

Is an interpretative 4 GL which supports structured

Has been enhanced as an object-oriented language.

Is capable of handling multi-language applications.

Fully integrates an SQL standard.

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

ABAP Programs can be :

Interactive reports - a program that reads and analyses

Dialog programs - allow you to work interactively with the

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

The R/3 Repository

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

The R/3 Repository

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

The R/3 Repository

Introduction to the ABAP workbench

ABAP Development Workbench Tools

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

The Development Workbench

The ABAP Development Workbench is an integrated set

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the ABAP

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

Menu path Tools ABAP workbench

Create, edit menus, header's and toolbars in

Will be used in Day 2 when we discuss dialog

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

Menu path Tools ABAP workbench Development

Create and edit DynPros

Separate programs which is only installed when using

Will be used in Day 2 when we discuss dialog programs

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

The ABAP Dictionary allows you to define data objects

A transparent table in the dictionary has a one-to-one

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

Label: work number

Label: home number

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

The ABAP Dictionary is the central facility in the SAP

To create a table, you first need domains and data

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

Introduction to basic ABAP programming concepts,

Basic ABAP concepts

Internal tables and Open SQL

Basic ABAP concepts

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

Basic ABAP concepts

2012 SAP AG. All rights reserved.

A data field in ABAP is a variable which cannot be broken