Simple Present: Talked

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tense
Simple
Present
Affirmative/Negative/Question
A: He speaks.
N: He does not speak.
Q: Does he speak?
Present
A: He is speaking.
Progressive N: He is not speaking.
Q: Is he speaking?
Use
action in the present taking place once,

never or several times
facts
actions taking place one after another
action set by a timetable or schedule
action taking place in the moment of
Signal Words
always, every , never,
normally, often, seldom,
sometimes, usually
if sentences type I (If I talk, )
at the moment, just, just now,

Listen!, Look!, now, right now
speaking
action taking place only for a limited period

of time
Simple Past A: He spoke.

N: He did not speak.
Q: Did he speak?
action arranged for the future
action in the past taking place once, never
yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in

1990, the other day, last Friday
if sentence type II (If Italked, )
or several times
actions taking place one after another
action taking place in the middle of another

action
Past
A: He was speaking.
Progressive N: He was not speaking.
Q: Was he speaking?
when, while, as long as
action going on at a certain time in the

past
actions taking place at the same time
action in the past that is interrupted by

another action
Present
Perfect
Simple
A: He has spoken.
N: He has not spoken.
Q: Has he spoken?
putting emphasis on the result
action that is still going on
action that stopped recently
finished action that has an influence on the
already, ever, just, never, not

yet, so far, till now, up to now
present
action that has taken place once, never or

several times before the moment of speaking
Present
A: He has been speaking.
Perfect
N: He has not been speaking.
Progressive Q: Has he been speaking?
putting emphasis on the course or
all day, for 4 years, since 1993,

how long?, the whole week
duration(not the result)
action that recently stopped or is still going

on
Past
Perfect
Simple
A: He had spoken.
N: He had not spoken.
Q: Had he spoken?
finished action that influenced the present
action taking place before a certain time in

the past
sometimes interchangeable with past

perfect progressive
putting emphasis only on the fact (not the
already, just, never, not yet,

once, until that day
if sentence type III (If I had
talked, )
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duration)
Past
A: He had been speaking.
Perfect
N: He had not been speaking.
Progressive Q: Had he been speaking?
for, since, the whole day, all day

the past
sometimes interchangeable with past

perfect simple
putting emphasis on the duration or

courseof an action
Future I
Simple
A: He will speak.
N: He will not speak.
Q: Will he speak?
action in the future that cannot be

influenced
Future I
Simple
A: He is going to speak.
N: He is not going to speak.
Q: Is he going to speak?
(going to)
Future I
A: He will be speaking.
Progressive N: He will not be speaking.
Q: Will he be speaking?
spontaneous decision
assumption with regard to the future
decision made for the future
conclusion with regard to the future
action that is going on at a certain time in
in a year, next , tomorrow

If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her,
shewill help you.)
assumption: I think, probably,
perhaps
in one year, next week,

tomorrow
in one year, next week,

tomorrow
the future
action that is sure to happen in the near

future
Future II
Simple
A: He will have spoken.

N: He will not have spoken.
Q: Will he have spoken?
by Monday, in a week
action that will be finished at a certain time

in the future
Future II
A: He will have been speaking.
Progressive N: He will not have been
speaking.
Q: Will he have been speaking?
for , the last couple of hours,

all day long
the future
putting emphasis on the course of an

action
Conditional
I Simple
A: He would speak.
N: He would not speak.
Q: Would he speak?
Conditional A: He would be speaking.

I
N: He would not be speaking.
Progressive Q: Would he be speaking?
action that might take place
action that might take place
if sentences type II
(If I were you, I would gohome.)
putting emphasis on
the course / duration of the action
Conditional
II Simple
A: He would have spoken.

N: He would not have spoken.
Q: Would he have spoken?
action that might have taken place in the

past
Conditional A: He would have been

II
speaking.
Progressive N: He would not have been
speaking.
Q: Would he have been
speaking?
action that might have taken place in the

past
puts emphasis on the course / duration of

the action
if sentences type III

(If I had seen that, I would have
helped.)
English Tenses Graphic Comparison

Problems with the English tenses? Have a look at the time line, it might help you understand
when to use which tense. As there is a similarity between past, present and future tenses, there
are just a few rules to keep in mind.
If you know how to use the present progressive correctly to express present actions, you will as
well be able to use the past progressive correctly to express past actions.
Legend
Legend
moment in time
action that takes place once, never or several times
actions that happen one after another
actions that suddenly take place
action that started before a certain moment and lasts beyond

that moment
period of time
Result
Course /
Duration
actions taking place at the same time
action taking place before a certain moment in time
puts emphasis on the result
action taking place before a certain moment in time
puts emphasis on the course or duration of the action

Simple Present: Talked

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Simple Present: Talked

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action in the present taking place once,

actions taking place one after another

action set by a timetable or schedule

action taking place in the moment of

at the moment, just, just now,

action taking place only for a limited period

Simple Past A: He spoke.

action arranged for the future

action in the past taking place once, never

yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in

actions taking place one after another

action taking place in the middle of another

when, while, as long as

action going on at a certain time in the

actions taking place at the same time

action in the past that is interrupted by

putting emphasis on the result

action that is still going on

action that stopped recently

finished action that has an influence on the

already, ever, just, never, not

action that has taken place once, never or

putting emphasis on the course or

all day, for 4 years, since 1993,

duration(not the result)

action that recently stopped or is still going

finished action that influenced the present

action taking place before a certain time in

sometimes interchangeable with past

putting emphasis only on the fact (not the

already, just, never, not yet,

for, since, the whole day, all day

action taking place before a certain time in

sometimes interchangeable with past

putting emphasis on the duration or

action in the future that cannot be

assumption with regard to the future

decision made for the future

conclusion with regard to the future

action that is going on at a certain time in

in a year, next , tomorrow

in one year, next week,

in one year, next week,

action that is sure to happen in the near

A: He will have spoken.

action that will be finished at a certain time

action taking place before a certain time in

for , the last couple of hours,

putting emphasis on the course of an

Conditional A: He would be speaking.

action that might take place

action that might take place

A: He would have spoken.

action that might have taken place in the

Conditional A: He would have been

action that might have taken place in the

puts emphasis on the course / duration of

if sentences type III

English Tenses Graphic Comparison

action that takes place once, never or several times

actions that happen one after another