Cc lnh v hm x l th mc, tp tin

VB c 6 lnh tng tc trc tip vi h iu hnh:

ChDrive (Drive as String) ' thay i a ng nhp i vi h iu hnh nn
VD: ChDrive ("D:\")
ChDir (Path as String) ' thay i th mc hin hnh
VD: ChDir ("C:\Windows\Temp")
MkDir (Path as String) ' to mi th mc
VD: MkDir ("C:\MyDir") ' to mi th mc MyDir trn C
RmDir ("Path as String") ' loi b mt th mc
VD: RmDir ("C:\MyDir")
Name [Source] As [Dest] ' i tn v di chuyn tp tin
VD: Name "C:\myFile.txt" As "D:\FileChua.txt" s move tp tin myFile.txt t C:\ n D:\ vi
tn mi: FileChua.txt
Kill (PathName as String) ' xo tp tin vi tham s PathName chp nhn k t i din (nh
Dos)
VD: Kill ("C:\*.txt") s xo tt c tp tin c phn m rng l txt trong th mc gc ca C
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------n li mt cht v khi nim "hin hnh" c t thi ca Dos hiu r hn v 6 lnh ny ca
Vb v thc s chng rt mnh.
V d khi file thc thi ca bn nm ti "C:\MyDir\MyFile.exe" th lnh MkDir ("NewDir") s
to mi mt Path: "C:\MyDir\NewDir" tc l th mc NewDir nm cng cp vi
MyFile.exe. Nhng nu trc c cu lnh ChDir ("C:\Windows") th lnh trn s to Path:
"C:\Windows\NewDir". Tng t nh vy vi lnh ChDrive. Quan trng l bn phi bit
"mnh ang u?" bng khng vi cu lnh khng ch r Path: Kill (*.*) s bp sch cc
File khng mong mun nu trc xi ChDir m qun.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CurDir (Drive) ' tr v mt chui vi tn y ca a hin hnh nu tham s Drive
trng ( )
VD:
CurDir ( ) ---> tn a hin hnh
CurDir ( "D") ---> tn y "D:\"
CurDir ("X") ---> s bo li nu h thng khng c ti th X ny
Dir (PathName, Attributes) ' tm kim tp tin vi ng dn t ti tham s 1. Tham s
2(Attributs) ty chn chuyn bit thuc tnh tm kim. Mc nh la vbNormal
VD:
tmp = Dir ("C:\boot.ini") ---> tmp = ""
tmp = Dir ("C:\boot.ini", vbHidden) ---> tmp = "boot.ini"
FileCopy (Source as String, Destination as String) ' sao chp tp tin t ng dn ngun
(Source) n ng dn khc (Destination)

VD:
Filecopy "C:\Config.sys", "D:\Config.sys"
Filelen (PathNam As String) As Long ' tr v kch thc ca tp tin
FileDateTime (PathName as string) ' tr v ngy thng v thi gian tp tin c to ra
hoc c chnh sa ln gn nht.
VD:
Msgbox FileDateTime ("C:\Config.sys")
GetAttr (PathName as String) as Integer ' tr v mt s nguyn l tr thuc tnh ca File
Cc hng thuc tnh gm:
vbNormal = 0
vbReadOnly = 1
vbHiden = 2
vbSystem = 4
vbVolume = 8
vbDirectory = 16
vbArchive = 32
VD:
GetAttr "C:\boot.ini" = 35 (file Boot.ini mang cc thuc tnh sau: ReadOnly(1) + Hiden(2) +
Archive(32)
SetAttr (PathName as String, Attributes as vbFileAttribute) ' Xc lp thng tin thuc tnh
ca File. S dng cc hng thuc tnh hoc cc gi tr bng trn cho tham s Attributes
VD:
SetAttr "C:\Boot.ini, 0" ---> xc lp file boot.ini ch mang mt thuc tnh l Normal
SetAttr "C:\Boot.ini,3" ---> xc lp boot.ini mang thuc tnh ch c v n.
FreeFile ' tr v mt s integer l ch s (ID) HDH theo di v qun l cc file ang m
(Open). Dng mt bin nguyn lu gi tr ny dng cho cc cuc gi lnh Open (file). Khi
ta khng cn quan tm n cc ch s(ID) ny na. FreeFile s theo di v cung cp cho ta
cc ch s(ID) cha dng.
VD:
Dim Filenum#
FileNum = FreeFile
Open [PathName] For Output As #Filenum
Open [PathName as String] For [Mode] As [ID File] ' Mi khi thy lnh Open, VB s sn
sng cho cc thao tc c v ghi ln File c cung cp tham s [PathName]. C nm ch
m tp tin c t tham s [Mode], v [ID File] d nhin l ch s ca tp tin ang m.
Cc dng thc c bn ca lnh Open:
Open [Pathname] For Input As Filenum ' m File v ch c c thng tin, khng ghi ln
c.
Open [PathName] For Output As Filenum ' m File xut thng tin. Khi c m theo
dng ny mi thng tin c trn File s b mt.
Open [PathName] For Append As Filenum ' m File c v ghi tip ln c.
Open [PathName] For Random As Filenum ' m v truy cp ngu nhin cc bn ghi v cc
trng trn File (phi bit c cu trc ca cc bn ghi)

Open [PathName] For Binary As Filenum ' c ghi theo Byte. y l dng tng qut v linh
hot nht.
Input [Number, #Filenum] ' c ni dung File vi s lng xc nh tham s Number
VD: Str = Input (10, #Filenum) ' c 10 k t vo bin Str.
Dng khc ca Input:
Input [#Filenum, Str] ' y bin Str thng dng Variant
Line Input [#FileNum, Str] ' c thng tin theo tng dng vo bin Str. Thng kt hp vi
hm EOF ly ht thng tin
EOF (Filenum) ' tr v v tr chm dt ca File khi ang m
VD:
Do While Not EOF (Filenum) ' lp nu khng phi end of file
Line Input #Filenum, Str ' c tng dng vo bin Str
Loop
LOF (Filenum) ' tr v kch thc ca File khi ang m.
VD:
Str = Input (LOF(Filenum), #Filenum) ' s ly ht ni dung ca File (khng nn s dng vi
File c kch thc vi Mb s b li "out of memory")
Write [#Filenum, Expression] ' ghi ln File
VD:
Write #FileNum, "12345" ---> "12345"
Write #Filenum, 12345 --->12345
Print [#Filenum, Expression] ' lm vic chnh xc nh khi Print ln Form
VD:
Print #Filenum, 123; 456 ---> 123 456
Get [#Filenum, position, ByteArray] ' ly thng tin t tp tin c m theo Binary ti v tr
xc nh bi Position v lu vo ByteArray. S byte ly ra ty thuc vo kch thc ca
mng ByteArray. Mi khi ly ra 1 byte con tr tp tin t ng chuyn ti v tr byte k tip.
VD:
Dim Str as String * 4
Get #Filenum, 3, Str ---> ly 4 byte bt u t byte th 3 lu vo Str.
(nu c cu lnh Get tip theo m tham s Position b trng, th v tr bt u ly ra s l byte
th 8)
Loc (#Filenum) ' Tr v v tr byte c/ghi hin ti trong tp tin ang m.
Seek [#Filenum, Position] ' dch chuyn con tr tp tin n v tr qui nh bi tham s
Position
VD:
Seek #Filenum, 3
Get #Filenum, , Str ---> v tr ly ra s bt u ti byte th 3
Seek (#Filenum) ' tr v v tr hin ti ca con tr tp tin
Put [#Filenum, Position, ByteArray] ' t ni dung ca mng ByteArray vo v tr byte

th[Position].
Lnh Put se ghi ln mi th v ch dng cho truy cp Random v Binary
VD: Put #filenum, , Str ---> s ghi 4 byte bt u v tr byte th 1
Reset ' ng tt c cc tp tin c m bng lnh Open
Code:
Option Explicit
Private Sub Form_Load()
Dim FileNumber
For FileNumber = 1 To 5
Open "TEST" & FileNumber For Output As #FileNumber ' M file
Write #FileNumber, "Hello World"
' Ghi d liu vo file.
Next FileNumber
Reset
' ng file v cp nht d liu vo file
End Sub

Close (#Filenum) ' ng tp tin c m bng lnh Open.

Lock [#Filenum, Expression] ' kho tp tin khng cho ngi khc truy cp khi App ca bn
ang m. Tham s th hai chuyn bit v tr kho. Nu b qua tham s ty chn ny, lnh
Lock s kho ton b tp tin. i vi cc tp tin m theo truy cp tun t lnh Lock s kho
ton b tp tin bt k khong do tham s 2 qui nh.
VD:
Lock #Filenum, 1 To 100 ---> s kho 100 byte t byte th 1
Unlock [#Filenum, Expression] ' m kho tp tin, tham s s dng nh Lock.
Ch : cn bo m loi b tt c cc kho vi cu lnh Unlock tng ng trc khi ng tp
tin hoc thot khi chng trnh(cc i s phi tng hp chnh xc). Nu khng tp tin c
th b ri lon.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iu khin s chia s tp tin vo thi gian bn m tp tin. C th dng cu lnh tng qut
nht ca lnh Open
C php:
Open PathName [For mode] [Access access] [Lock] As #Filenum [Len=reclength] ' trong
:
PathName l chui cha ng dn n tp tin
Mode l t kho chuyn bit ch tp tin nh Input, Append, Random...
Access l t kho chuyn bit cc thao tc c php trn tp tin m. C ba thao tc: Read,
Write, ReadWrite VD:Open PathName For Binary Access Read As #Filenum --> cho php
bn c nhng khng cho php thc hin cc thay i i vi tp tin.
Lock l t kho chuyn bit cc thao tc c php trn tp tin m i vi cc qu trnh
khc.
Khc vi Access : iu khin cch thc chng trnh bn lm vic vi tp tin. Vi t kho
Lock c bn kh nng:
1- [Shared] cc qu trnh khc c th c v vit vo tp tin mc d chng trnh ca bn
ang lm vic vi tp tin .
2- [LockRead] chng trnh khc khng th m c tp tin, trong khi chng trnh ca

bn ang lm vic vi tp tin .

3- [LockWrite] khng th m vit ln tp tin trong khi chng trnh bn ang lm vic vi
tp tin .
4- [LockReadWrite] chng trnh khc khng th lm vic vi tp tin trong khi chng trnh
bn ang lm vic vi tp tin .
VD: Open PathName For binary Access Lock Read #Filenum ---> s ngn chn cc chng
trnh khc s dng tp tin khi bn ang lm vic vi tp tin .
Reclength y l s nguyn t 1 n 32767. i cc tp tin m ch Random s ny a
ra chiu di bn ghi. i vi cc tp tin chui th t, gi tr ny l s lng cc k t c
m trong h iu hnh.