Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Technical Questions Civil
Technical Questions Civil
Technical Questions Civil
Structural Analysis
17
Concrete Structures
21
Hydraulics
30
43
Building Materials
46
Building Construction
54
Surveying
59
Fluid Mechanics
67
Engineering Geology
84
Construction Management
90
100
Transportation Engineering
103
Environmental Engineering
132
Building Science
136
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
1. The property by which a body returns to its original shape after removal of the load is
called,
a. Plasticity
b. Elasticity
c.Ductility
d. Malleability
2. The property of a material which allows of its being drawn out of tension to a smaller
section, is called
a.Plasticity
b. Elasticity
c.Ductility
d. Malleability
3. The property of a material by which it can be beaten or rolled into plates, is called
a. Malleability
b. Ductility
c.Plasticity
d.Elasticity
continue it
c. more than that necessary to stop it
6. The phenomenon of slow extension of materials i.e, increasing with the time having
constant load, is called
a. creeping
c.breaking
b.yielding
d.none of the above
7.the stress at which extension of a material takes place more quickly as compared to the
increase in load, is called
a.elastic point of the material
b.plastic limit
c. limit of proportionality
9. Material which have the same elastic properties in all directions, are called
a.isotropic material
b.brittle materials
c. homogenous materials
d. hard material
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
10. The law which states that within elastic limits strain produced is proportional to stress
producing it, is known is
a.Bernoullis law
b.stress law
c. Hookes law
d.Poissons law
11. When equal and opposite forces applied to a body tend to elongate it so produced in it
is called,
a.shear stress
b.compressive stress
c. tensile stress
e. transverse stress
b. compressive strain
c. shear strain
13. For a solid cube, subjected to equal normal forces of the same type on all its faces, the
volumetric strain will be x-times the linear strain in any of the three axes when
a. x=1
b. x=2
c. x=3
d.x=4
14. If the length of a bar held vertically and subjected to a load at its lower end is large, its
own weight produces additional stress and the resultant maximum stress will be
a. at the lower section
15. If the stess produced by a prismatic bar is equal to the working stress, the area of the
cross-sectin of the prismatic bar becomes
a. zero
b. infininte
c. maximum
d. minimum
16. The ratio o f the elongations of a conical bar under the action of its own weight and
that of a prismatic bar of the same length, is
a.
b.1/3
c.1/4
d.1/5 e.1/6
17.If all the dimensions of a bar are incresed in the proportion n:1, the proportion with
which the maximum stress produced in the prismatic bar by its own weight, will increase
in the ratip
a.1:n
b. n:1
c.1:1/n
d.1/n:1
e.1:n1/2
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
18. If the stress in each cross-section of a pillar is just equal to its working stress, its form
called
a. form of equal stress
d. none of these
19. For a given material, if E,C,K and m are Youngs modulus, shearing modulus, bulk
modulus and Poisson, ratio, the following relation does not hold good
a. E = 9KC/(3K+C)
b. E = 2K(1-2/m)
c.E= 2C(1+1/m)
b.0.2275cm
c. 0.02275cm d. 2.02275cm
21. If a steel rod of 20mm dia and 5m long elongates by 2.275mm when subjected to an
axial pull of 3000kg , the stress developed is
a. 9.5541kg/cm2
b. 95.541kg/cm2
c.955.41kg/cm2
d.9554.1kg/cm2
22.When two plates butt together and are riveted with cover plates with two rows of rivets,
the joint is known as
a.lap joint
b. butt joint
b. zig-zig riveting
c. diamond riveting
24. The distance between the centres of adjacent rivets in the same row, is called
a. pitch
b. lap
c. gauge
d. staggered pitch
25. which one of the following statements is more appropriate to justify the failure of
riveted joints
a. tearing of the plates between the rivet hole and the edgeof the plate
b. tearing of plates between rivets
c. shearing of rivets
d. crushing of rivets
e. all the above
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
26. The diameter d of a rivet to suit the thickness(t) of a plate may be determined by
Unwins formula
a.d=6.05(t)1/2
b. d= 1.5t+4
1/2
d.d=t1/2 +1.5
c. d=(5t)
27. The minimum number of rivets for the connection of a gusset plate,is
a. 1
b.2
c.3
d.4
28. The weakest section of a diamond riveting is the section which passes through
a. the first row
29. If b is the width of a plate joined by diamond riveting of diameter d, the efficiency of
the joint is given by
a. (b+d)/b
b. (b-d)/b
c. (d-b)/d
d. (b-d)/d
c. at either end
d.centrally located
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
b.Pcos2 /A
c. Psin2/2A
d. Pcos2/2A
37. If a member is subjected to tensile force P, having its normall cross-section(A) the
resulting shear stress in an oblique plane inclined at an angle to its transverse plane,
will be
a. Psin2/A
b.Psin2/2A
d.Pcos2/A
e. Asin2/P
c.Pcos2/2A
38. The ratio of the tensile stress developed in the wall of a boiler in the circumferential
direction to the tensile stress in the axial direction is equal to
a.4
b.3
c.2
d.1
39. If tow tensile forces mutually perpendicular act on a rectangular parallelopiped bar are
equal, the resultilng elongtion of the pipe,is
40. A bending moment may be defined as
a. the arithimetic sum of the moments of all the forces on either side of the
section
b. the rithmetical sum of the forces on either side of the section
c. the algebraic sum of the moments of all the forces on either side of the section
d. none of the above
41. The shear for(F) and th ebending moment M at a section are related by
a.F=My/I
b. F = M/Z
c. F = dM/dx
d. F = MIx
Where Z and I are the section modulus and moment of inertia of the section
42.at either end of a plane frame, maximum number of possible transverse shear forces are
a. one
b.two
c. three
d. four
e.zero
43. At either end of a plane frame, maximum number of possible bending moments are
a. one
b.two
c. three
d. four
e.zero
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
44. a simply supported beam of a span L carries a udlW . the maximum bending moment
M is equal to
A.WL/2
B.WL/4
C.WL/8
D.WL/12
E.WL/16
45. A simply supported beam carries tow equal concentrated loads(W) at distances L/3
from either support. The maximum bending moment(M) introduced will be
a. WL/3
b. WL/4
d.3WL/10
e.3WL/5
c. 5WL/8
B. WL /4
c. WL/8
d.WL/12
e. WL/16
47. The shape of the bending moment ove r the length of a beam having no external load ,
is always
a. linear
b. parabolic
c. cubical
d. circular
48. The shape of the bending moment over the length of a beam, carrying a udl is always
a. linear
b. parabolic
c. cubical
d. circular
49. The shape of the bending moment over the length of a beam, carrying a uniformly
varying load , is always
a. linear
b. parabolic
c. cubical
d. circular
50. The maximum bending moment due to moving load on a simply supported beam,
occurs
a. at the mid span
b. at the supports
c. under the load
d. every where along the beam
e. none of the above
51. For a simply supported beam with a central load, the bending moment will be
a. lest at the centre
52. for a cantilever with udl (W) over its entire length(L) , the maximum bending moment
will be
a. WL
b. WL/2
c.WL/3
d. W2L/2
e.WL2/3
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
53. For a simply supported beam carrying udl W on its entire lengthL, the maximum
bending moment will be
a.WL/4
b.WL/8
c.WL/2
D.WL/3
e.WL/6
54. The bending moment on a section is maximum where shearing force
a. is maximum
b. minimum
c. is equal
d. changes sign
55. For a beam of uniform strength, keeping its depth constant, the width will vary in
proportion to
a. bending momentM
b.M1/2
c. M2
58.In a simply supported beam(L) with triangular load(W) varying from zero at one end to
the maximum value at the other end, maximum bending moment will be
a. WL/3
b.WL/(93)
d.WL3/(93)
e. WL/8
c.WL/4
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
d.equal to 6
projection
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
67. the intensity of direct longitudingal stress in the cross-section at any point distant r
from the neutral axis is proportional to
a. r
b.1/r
c.r2
d.1/r2
e.r3
68. The maximum compressive stress at the top of a beam was 1600kg/cm2 and the
corresponding tensile stress at its bottom was 400kg/cm2 . If the depth of the beam
was10cm, the neutral axis from the top will be
a.2cm
b.4cm
c.6cm
d.8cm
e.10cm
b.15/24
c.24/15
d.2/3
e.3/2
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
73.The ratio of the maximum deflection of a cantilever beam with an isolated load at its
free end and with a udl over its entire length ,is
a. 1
b.24/15
c.3/8
d.8/3
e.5/8
74. In a cantilever maximum deflection due to pure bending moment(M) at its free end,is
a.ML2/3EI
b.ML2/4EI
c. ML2/6EI
d. ML2/2EI
e.ML2/5EI
75. A cantilever carries a udl (W) over its whole length and a force(W) acts at its free end
upward. The net deflection of the free end will be
a. 5WL3/24EI upward
b. zero
c. 5WL3/24EI downward
d. none of the above
76.A cantilever carrying udl (W) over its full length is propped at its free end such that it is
at the level of the fixed end. The bending moment will be zero at its free end and also at
a. the mid point of the cantilever
b. the fixed point of the cantilever
c. the 1/4th length from free end
d. the 3/4th length from free end
e. the 1/2th length from free end
77. A simply supported beam which carries a udl over the whole span is propped at the
cente of the span so tha the beam is heldto the level of the end supports, the reactionof the
rop will be equal to
a. half the distributed load
b. 3/8th the distributed load
c. distributed load
d. none of the above
78. A uniform girder simply supported at its ends is subjected to a udl over its entire
length, and is propped at the centre so as to neutralise the deflection. The net B.M . at the
centre will be equal to
a. WL
b. WL/8
c. WL/24
d. WL/32
e. WL/64
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
79. The moment diagram for a cantilever whose free end is subjected to a bending
moment, will be a
a. triangle
b. rectangle
c.parabola
e. cubic parabola
80. The moment diagram for a cantilever carrying linearly varying load from zero at its
free end and maximum at the fixed end will be a
a. triangle
b. rectangle
c. parabola
d. cubic parabola
81. The moment diagram for a cantilever which is subjected to udl will be a
a. triangle
b. rectangle
c. parabola
d. cubic parabola
82. The moment diagram for a cantilever carrying concentrated load at its free end, will be
a. triangle
b. rectangle
c. parabola
d.cubic parabola
83. shear force diagram for a cantilever carrying a udl over its whole length,is
a. rectangle
b. triangle
c. parabola
d. cubic parabola
b. top fibre
c. midddle fibre
85. when a rectangular beam is loaded transversely, the maximum compressive stress
develops on
a. bottom fibre
b. top fibre
c. neutral axis
86. If the shear force along a section of a beam is zero then there B.M. is
a. zero
b. maximum
c. minimum
d. between maximum and minimum value
e. none of the above
87. Hookes law states that stress and strain are
a. directly proportional
b.inversely proportional
c. curvilinerly related.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
88. a cantilever beam rectangular in cross section is subjected to an isolated load at its free
end. If the width of the beam is doubled, the deflection of the free end will be changed in
the ratio of
a. 8
b. 1/8
c.
d. 2
e. 3
89. A cantilever beam rectangular in cross-section is subjected to an isolated load at its
free end. If the depth of the beam is doubled, the deflection of the free end will be changed
in the ratio of
a. 8
b. 1/8
c.
d. 2
e. 3
90. If the length of a cantilever carrying an isolated load at its free end is douled, the
defelection of the free end will increase by
a.2times
b.4times
c. 8times
b. times
c. 3times
91. If the width of a simply supported beam carrying an isolated load at its centre is
doubled, the deflection of the beam at the centre is changed by
a.1/2
b.1/8
c. 2
d.8
e.4
92. If the depth of a simply supported beam carrying an isolated load at its centre, is
doubled, the deflection of the beam at the centre will change by a factor of
a. 2
b.
c. 8
d. 1/8
e. 4
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
93. If the width(b) and depth (d) of a beam simply supported with a central load are
interchanged, the deflection at t he centre of the beam will be changed in the ratio of
a. b/d
b. d/b
c. (d/b)2
d. (b/d)2
e. (b/d)3
94. The deflection of any rectangular beam simply supported is
a. directly proportional to its weight
b. inversely proportional to its width
c. directly proportional to the cube of its depth
d. directly proportional to the cube of its length
e. none of the above
95. Stress ina beam due to simple bending is
a. directly proportional
b. inversely prooportional
c. curvilinearly related
d. none of the above
96. For a beam, if fundamental equations of statistics are not sufficient to determine all
the reactive forces at the supports, structure is said to be
a. determinate
b. statically determinate
c. statically indetermiate
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
97. If a beam is supported so that there are only three unknown reactive elements at the
supports. These can be determined by using the following fundamental equation of
statistics
a. H = 0
b. V = 0
c. H = 0,V = 0
d. H = 0.,V=0,M=0
e. M=0,H=0
98. For a beam having fixed end, the following unknown elements of the corresponding
reactions are involved
a. horizontal component at either end
b. vertical component at either end
c. horizontal component at one end and vertical component at the other
d. horizontal and vertical components at both the ends
99. a long vertical member, subjected to an axial compressive load is called
a. a column
b. a strut
c. a tie
d. a stanchion
e. all the above
100. the ratio of the effective length of a column and the minimum radius of gyration of its
cross sectional area, is known
a. buckling factor
b. slenderness ratio
c. crippling factor
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
35. c
36. d
37. b
38. c
39. P/E (1-m)
40. c
41. c
42. a
43. e
44. c
45. b
46. a
47. a
48. b
49. c
50. c
51. d
52. b
53. a
54. d
55. a
56. d
57. d
58. b
59. e
60. a
61. d
62. d
63. c
64. c
65. e
66. c
67. a
68. d
69. b
70. a
71. c
72. c
73. d
74. a
75. b
76. d
77. c
78. d
79. b
80. d
81. c
82. a
83. b
84. d
85. b
86. b
87. a
88. c
89. b
90. c
91. a
92. d
93. d
94. c
95. a
96. c
97. d
98. d
99. a
100.b
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
1.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
23. What is the slope at a left support A of a single side ( right side ) overhanging beam
ABC carries point load W at C, where AB=L AND BC=L/4?
24. Write the expression to find Plastic section modulus for a solid circular section.
25. List the basic methods of Plastic analysis.
26. What are Static Equillibrium equations?
27. How will you classify the methods of Analysis?
28. What is the necessity condition for a pin jointed structure to be a statically
determinate?
29. When a rigid space frame is to be a statically determinate?
30. What is the degree of kinematic indeterminancy of a pin jointed frame?
31. What is a discrete structure?
32. Which is a linear element ia structure?
33. How will you classify the structures based on their redundancy?
34. Write the expression given by Castingliano'
s first theorem to determine the deflection
component?
35. What is the sum of distribution factors of all the members meeting at any joint in
moment distribution method
36. Write the carry over factor for a prismatic member with a fixed end?
37. What are the methods coming under the catagories of stiffness method?
38. What is the moment induced at the other end of a fixed beam oflength l and one end
is sunk by amount ?
39. Write the stiffness factor for prismatic member.
40. What is meant by degree of freedom?
41. What is meant by flexibility of a member?
42. What is meant by Stiffness of a member?
43. When Degree of kinematic indeterminancy of the structure is high
44. Zero
45. Three moment theorem, method of consistant deformation etc.,
46. 3m+r = 3j
47. Unit load apporach, strain energu approach, etc.,
48. Stiffness matrix x flexibility matrix = unit matrix
49. 4EI/L
50. Axial shear, bending, torsion
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Structural Analysis
Answers
1.
8. y=4hx/l2(l-+)
9. 200/EI
4. 1.5, 1.69
11. Wa/2h
12. Wa/2l
13. 4r /
15. A load on the basis of an assumed mechanism will always be greater than equal totrue
ultimate load
16. It is acurve whose ordinates represent to scale the variations of function such as shear
force, bending moment, deflection etc.,
17. ONE
26. H = 0, V = 0, M = =0
18. c=1-g
method
20. PL/6EI
28. m = 2j-3
21. 0.24Wl
29. m+r=3j
22. M
30. 3j-2r
23. Wl/24EI
24. d/6
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
CONCRETE STRUCTURES
1.
The property of fresh concrete, in which the water in the mix tends ti rise to the surface
b) creep
c) segregation
d) shrinkage
b) vicats apparatus
c) cube test
d) briquettes test
c) 5000Fck
d) 1000 Fck
b) 5000 Fck
b) M20
c) M25
d) M50
d) consistency
b) Airconditioning of buildings
c) reducing thickness
8. Minimum number of test specimens required for finding the compressive strength of
concrete are
a) 3
b) 5
c) 6
d) 9
b) cementing
d) heat of hydration
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
b) modular ratio
c) bulk modulus
d) elasticity
c) dams
d) foundations
b) columns
b) 1.25
c) 0.67
d) 1.00
17. According to IS code 2000, the modulus of elasticity of concrete mix M25 will be
a) 25000N/mm2
b) 28500 N/mm2
c) 25500 N/mm2
d) 28000 N/mm2
18. Minimum clear cover to the main steel bars in slab, beam, column and footing
respectively are
a) 10,15,20,25
b) 15,25,40,75
c) 20,35,30,40
d) 20,35,40,75
19. In the limit state design of concrete structures the strain distribution is assumed to be
a) linear
b) nonlinear
c) parabolic
b) creep
c) shrinkage
d) ductility
b)7.5cm
c)10cm
d)12cm
23. The neutral depth factor for M15 and mild steel reinforcement is
a) 0.45
b) 0.43
c) 0.44
d) 0.4
24. In case of plain concrete in sea water grade of concrete should be atleast
a) M 30
b) M15
c) M10
d) M20
25. The area of steel for B.M. = 75.77 x 10 6 N/mm, Depth = 545mm, st = 230 N/mm2;
grade of concrete M15, is
a)1050 mm2
b) 1150 mm2
c)1200 mm2
d)1000 mm2
26. Workability of concrete mix with low water cement ratio is determined by
a) slump test b) tensile strength test
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
b) 1:3:4
c) 1:3:6
30. Expansion joints are provided if the length of the concrete exceeds
a) 20m
b)45m
c)60m
d)75m
31. Which of the following stress must be limited to allowable stress in reinforced
concrete?
a) Principal stress
c) Normal stress
b) age
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
b) dead load
c) live load
d) shrinkage
49. The stage at which the tendon force is released permanently on the concrete is called
_____________
50. Prestressing is most efficient when applied to ______
51. The collapse of RCC section is normally due to _______ ____
52. The transverse torsional reinforcement in RCC beams can be provided as
a) like ties
53.The approximate average bond stress in RCC with plain bars is _______
54. The magnitude of loss of prestress due to relaxation of steel is in the range of
a) 0 to 1%
b) 2 to 8%
c) 8 to 12%
d) 12 to 14 %
55. For a prestressed structural elements, high strength concrete is used primarily because
___________
56. Limit state for serviceability for deflection including the effects due to creep,
shrinkage and temperature occurring after erection of partitions and applications of
finishes as applicable to floors and roofs is restricted to __________
57. The most significant change that occurs in concrete after initial set, is that
a) It starts handling
c) it cannot be rehandled
b) lower density
b) plastic
c) brittle
d) visco-elastic
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Concrete Structures
Answers
1. a
31.normal stress
2. a
3. b
4. d
DL+PLL+WL or EL
5. d
34. M20
6. c
35. M20
7. b
36. 25 N/mm2
8. c
37. 0.56
9. c
38. 0.00003
10. d
39. 32C
11. b
40. a
12. c
13. b
14. b
15. c
shrinkage of concrete
16. b
17. a
18. b
19. a
20. a
fluid pressure
21. b
48. b
22. b
49. transfer
23. d
50. strut
24. d
25. b
52. b
26. b
53. fck/15
27. c
54. b
28. c
29. d
56. span/350
30.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
57. c
59. b
58. shape
60. b
61. Mix ratio, w/c ratio, size and grading of aggregate, temperature and humidity at the
time of mixing, moulding and curing etc.
62. Stability, Strength, and Serviceability
63. Working stress method, Ultimate load method and Limit state method
64. Strain
65. It is the ratio of ultimate stress or yield strength to allowable or safe stress
66. In the ultimate load method , the structural element is proportioned to withstand the
ultimate load which is obtained by enhancing the service load by some factor referred to
as load factor for giving a desired margin of safety
67. It is defined as the values of it strength below which it is not more than 5% of the test
results are expected to fall
68. An under reinforced section is designed as the stress in steel reaches the maximum
value first. So failure will take place after yielding of steel, with enough warning signal
like excessive cracking and deflection taking place before ultimate failure
69. Compression flange, Tension steel, transverse steel in slab for integral action and
stirrups for shear
70. Plane cross section remain plane before and after bending
71. In RC design, bond refers to the adhesion or the shear stress that occurs between
concrete and steel in a loaded member
72. It is the bond between steel and concrete that enables the two materials to act together
without slip
73. Local or flexural bond and anchorage bond
74. Types of steel, Diameter of bar, grade of concrete, cover to reinforcement
75. It is structural member provide to carry compressive load and whose effective length
exceeds three times its lateral dimension
76. Slenderness ratio, degree of rotational and lateral restraints, eccentricity, grade of
concrete and amount of reinforcement
77. Moment magnification method, Additional moment method and reduction factor
method
78. To transmit the applied load effect and to ensure that the settlement is within the
tolerable limit
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
79. Due to lateral loads on a structure, the following are the instability problems
1. Overturning and 2. Sliding
80. Fe 415 is a HYSD bar. Fe refers to steel and 415 representing the yield strength of the
steel bar
81. Mild steel (Fe250), Medium tensile steel, High yield strength deformed steel (HYSD)
(Fe 415), and HYSD (Fe 500)
82. M refers mix 20 refers characteristics compressive strength of concrete of 150mm size
cube at 28 days
83. For square/rectangular column - minimum 4 bars, for circular column - minimum 6
bars
84.No tension
85.Loss due to friction and wobble, Anchorage slip
86. 42Mpa
92.15%
87. 30MPa
90.1600 Mpa
91.18%
96. diameter and
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
b. mass density
c. Specific gravity
2. The weight per unit volume of a liquid at a standard temperature and pressure is called
a. Specific weight
b. mass density
c. Specific gravity
b.0.001kg/cm3
c.1000 kg/m3
d.1000 litres/m3
c.9.81x10-6 N/mm3
5. The ratio of specific weight of a liquid to the specific weight of a liquid to the specific
weight of pure water at a standard temperature is called
a. density of liquid
c. compressibility of liquid
b.0.01
c.0.1
d.1
b. less than
c. more than
b. False
9. The variation in the volume of a liquid with the variation of pressure is called its
a. surface tension
b. compressibility
c. capillary
d. viscosity
10. The property of a liquid which enables it to resist tensile stress is called its surface
tension.
a. Agree
b. Disagree
11. When a tube of smaller diameter is dipped in water, the water rises in the tube due to
viscosity of water.
a. True
b. False
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
12. When a tube of smaller diameter is dipped in water, the water rises in the tube with an
upward______ surface.
a. Concave
b.Convex
13. A glass tube of smaller diameter is used while performing an experiment for the
capillary rise of water because
a. It is easier to see through the glass tube
b. Glass tube is cheaper than a metallic tube
c. It is not possible to conduct this experiment with any other tube
14.
The mercury does not wet the glass. This is due to the property of the liquid known
as
15.
a. Cohesion
b. adhesion
c. viscosity
d. Surface tension
e. compressibility
With an increase in size of tube, the rise or depression of liquid in the tube due to
surface tension will
a. decrease
b. increase
c. remain unchanged
A glass tube of small diameter (d) is dipped in fluid. The height of rise or fall in the
tube is given by
a. iwd / cos
b. cos / 4wd
c.4cos /wd
d.wd/4cos
where w=Specific weight of liquid, = Angle of contact of the liquid surface, and
= Surface tension
17. In the manufacturing of lead shots, the property of surface tension is utilised
a. Agree
b. Disagree
b. lower than
c. higher than
b.kg/cm3.
c.kg/m
d.kgm
b. Incorrect
b. lower
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
b. Compressibility of water
c. Capillary of water
d. Viscosity of water
b.wh
c.w/h
d.h/w
26. According to Pascals law, the intensity of pressure at any point in a fluid at rest is the
same in all direction.
a. Agree
b. disagree
b. an incompressible
28. The pressure measured with the help of a pressure gauge is called
a. Atmospheric pressure
b. gauge pressure
c. Absolute pressure
d. mean pressure
c. 760 mm of mercury
b. Incorrect
31. When the pressure intensity at a point is more than the local atmospheric pressure, then
the different of these two pressure is called
a. Gauge pressure
b. absolute pressure
d. vacuum pressure
32. When the pressure intensity at a point is less than the local atmospheric pressure, then
the difference of these two pressures is called vacuum pressure.
a. Agree
b. Disagree
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
b. No
b. gauge pressure
c. Absolute pressure
d. vacuum pressure
36. The vacuum pressure can be measured with the help of a piezometer tube.
a. True
b. False
B.kg/m2
c.N/mm2
d.N/m2
e. head of liquid
b. high pressure
c.moderate pressure
d.vacuum
pressure
39. The liquid used in manometers should have
a. low density
b. high density
b. atmospheric pressure
d. pressure in Venturimeter
b. moderate pressure
c. high pressure
d. atmospheric pressure
b.Disagree
b. atmospheric pressure
d. Pressure in Venturimeter
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
b.w x
c.wAx
d.wA / x
e. w x / A
b.w x
c.wAx
46. The intensity of pressure on an immersed surface _______with the increase in depth
a. Does not change
b.increases
c. decreases
47. The point at which the resultant pressure on an immersed surface acts, is knows as
a.centre of gravity
b. centre of depth
c.centre of pressure
48. The centre of pressure acts_________ the centre of gravity of immersed surface.
a.at
b.above
c. below
49. A vertical wall is subjected to a pressure due to one kind of liquid, on one of its sides.
The total pressure on the wall per unit length is
a.wH
c.wH2/2
b.wH/2
d.wH2/3
b.H/2
c.2H/3
d.3H/4
51. A vertical wall is subjected to a pressure due to one kind of liquid, on one of its sides.
Which of the following statement is correct?
a. The pressure on the wall at the liquid level is minimum.
b. The pressure on the bottom of the wall is maximum.
c. The pressure on the wall at the liquid level is zero,and on the bottom of the
wall is maximum.
d. The pressure on the bottom of the wall is zero.
e. None of the above.
52. When a vertical wall is subjected to a pressures due to liquid on both sides, the
resultant pressure is the__________.of the two pressures.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
a. sum
b.differences
d. geometric mean
c. arithmetic mean
53. The water pressure per meter length on a vertical masonry wall of dam is
a.wH/2
c.wH2/2.
b.wH
d.wH2/4.
55. When a body is placed over a liquid, it is subjected to gravitational force and upthrust
of the liquid.
a.True
b.False
b.Archimedes principle
c. Principle of floatation
d. Bernoullis theorem.
58. The tendency of a liquid to uplift a submerged body, because of the upward thrust of
the liquid, is known as buoyancy.
a. Agree
b.Disagree
59. The force of buoyancy is_______.the weight of the liquid displaced by the body.
a. equal to
b.less than
c. more than
60. The body will float if the force of buoyancy is________the weight of liquid displaced
a. equal to
b.less than
c. more than
61. The body will sink down if the force of buoyancy is _________.the weight of the
liquid displaced.
a equal to
b.less than
c. more than
62. The centre of the gravity of the volume of the liquid displaced is called
a.centre of pressure
b. centre of buoyancy
c.metacentre
d. none of the
above
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
63. The centre of buoyancy is the centre of area of the immersed body.
a.Correct
b.Incorrect
b. centre of gravity
d.metacentre
c.centre of buoyancy
66. The line of action of the force of buoyancy acts through the centre of gravity of the
volume of the liquid displaced.
a.True
b.False
67. If a body floating in a liquid returns back to its original position, when given a small
angular displacement, the body is said to be in
a. neutral equilibrium
b. stable equilibrium
c. unstange equilibrium
b.False
69. A body floating in a liquid is said to be not in equilibrium if its metacentre lies below
its centre of gravity.
a. Agree
b.Disagree
70. A submerged body is said to be not in equilibrium if its metacentre lies below its
centre of gravity
a. coincides With best regards
b. lies below
c. lies above.
71. A moving fluid mass may be brought to a static equilibrium position, by applying an
imaginary inertia force of the same magnitude as that of the accelerating force but in
the opposite direction. This statement is called,
a. Pascals law
b. Achimedes Principle
c. D-Alemberts principle
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
72. The quantity of a liquid flowing per second through a section of a pipe or a channel is
called discharge and is measured in cumecs (m3/sec).
a. True
b. False.
b. 250 litres
c. 500 litres
b.250cm3
c.500 cm3
d.1000 cm3
e. 1500 cm3
75. When a liquid is flowing through a pipe, the velocity of the liquid is
a. maximum at the centre and minimum near the walls
b. minimum at the centre and maximum near the walls
c. zero at the centre and maximum near the walls
d. maximum at the centre and zero near the walls
e. none of the above
76. If an incompressible liquid is continuously flowing through a pipe, the quantity of
liquid passing per second is different at different sections.
a. True
b.False
77. A flow in which each liquid particle has a definite path, and the paths of individual
particles do not cross each other, is called
a. Steady flow
b. uniform flow
d. Turbulent flow
c. streamline flow
78. A flow in which each liquid particle do not have a definite path and the paths of
individual particles also cross each other, is called unsteady flow.
a. Agree
b. Disagree
79. A flow in which the quantity of liquid flowing per second is constant, is called
flow.
a. Steady
b. stream line
c. turbulent
80. A flow in which the quantity of liquid flowing per second is not constant, is called,
a. Stream line flow
b. turbulent flow
c. Steady flow
82. A flow through a long pipe at decreasing rate is called_______ uniform flow.
a. Steady
b.unsteady
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
84. A flow through an expanding tube at increasing rate is called unsteady non-uniform
flow
a. Yes
b. No
b. two-dimensional flow
c. Three-dimensional flow
d. four-dimensional flow
a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
88. In two-dimensional flow, the flow does not take place in a curve,
a. True
b.False
b.orifice meter
c. pitot tube
b. double
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
b. lower
b.lower
95. The velocity of the liquid flowing through the divergent portion of a Venturimeter
a. remains constant
b.increases
c. decreases
liquid
e. none of the above.
96. The pressure of the liquid flowing through the divergent portion
a. remains constant
b.increases
c. decreases
b. more
c. less
If a Pitot tube is placed with its nose upstream, downstream or sideways, the
reading
will be the same in every case.
a. True
b. False
101. Newton'
s law of viscosity relates
a. intensity of pressure and rate of angular documentation
102. The condition of "No slip" at rigid boundaries is applicable to
a. flow of Newtonian fluids only
b. flow of ideal fluids only
c. flow of all real fluids
d. flow of non-Newtonian fluids
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
103.
For a fluid, the shear stress was found to be directly proportional to the rate of
angular
deformation. The fluid is classified is
a. Newtonian b. non-Newtonian
c. Dilatant fluid
d. thixotropic
104. The shear stress in a fluid flowing between two fixed parallel plates :
a. is constant over the cross section
b. is zero at the plates and increases linearly to the mid point
c. is zero at the mid plane and varies linearly with distance from the mid plane.
d. varies parabolically across the section
105.
106.
c. Only 3 is correct
d. Only 2 is correct
The pressure, in meters of oil of specific gravity 0.8, equivalent to 80m of water is
a. 64
b.80
c.100
d.88
107. When a static liquid is subjected to uniform rotation in a container the free-surface
assumes a shape of
a. cone b. circular cylinder
c. paraboloid of revolution
d.
ellipsoid
of
revolution
108.
3. unsteady flow
4. non-uniform flow
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
111. Which of the following two dimensional incompressible velocity fields satisfies the
conservation of mass?
a. u = x,
v = y b. u = -2x, v =2y
c. u =xy, v =xy
d. u= x2 y2, v=0
112.
carrying liquid the local pressures are less than the reference atmospheric pressure
c. the hydraulic grade line in a flow of real fluid with addition of energy will have
an upward slope in the direction of flow
d. the energy line in a flow of an ideal fluid with no addition of energy will always
be horizontal
113. The co-efficient of discharge depends upon
1. reynolds number of flow
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
29.
57.
85.
2.
30.
Incorrect
58.
Agree
86.
3.
31.
59.
87.
4.
32.
Agree
60.
88.
False
5.
33.
Yes
61.
89.
6.
34.
62.
90.
7.
35.
63.
Correct
91.
8.
True
36.
False
64.
92.
9.
37.
65.
93.
10.
Agree
38.
66.
True
94.
11.
False
39.
67.
95.
12.
40.
68.
False
96.
13.
41.
69.
Agree
97.
14.
42.
Agree
70.
98.
15.
43.
71.
99.
16.
44.
72.
True
100.
False
17.
Agree
45.
73.
101.
18.
46.
74.
102.
19.
47.
75.
103.
20.
Correct
48.
76.
False
104.
21.
49.
77.
105.
22.
50.
78.
Disagree
106.
23.
51.
79.
107.
24.
52.
80.
108.
25.
53.
81.
109.
26.
Agree
54.
82.
110.
27.
55.
True
83.
111.
28.
56.
84.
Yes
112.
113.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
b. mass curve
c. hyetograph
d. isohyet.
2. A hyetograph is a plot of
a. cumulative rainfall Vs time
d. discharge Vs time.
d. anemometer.
6. Evapotranspiration is confined
a. to daylight hours
b. night-time only
d. none of these.
7. Lysimeter is used to measure
a. infiltration
b. evaporation
c. evapotranspiration
d. vapor pressure
8. Interception losses
a. include evaporation through flow and stemflow
b. consists of only evaporation loss
c. includes evaporation and transpiration losses
d. consists of only stemflow
9. The infiltration capacity of a soil was measure under fairly identical general conditions by
a flooding type infiltrometer as ff and by a rainfall simulator as fr, one can expect
a. ff = fr,
b.ff > fr,
c. ff < fr,
d. no fixed pattern
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
10. The rainfall on three successive 6-h periods are 1.3, 4.6 and 3.1 cm. If the initial loss is
0.7 cm and the surface runoff resulting from the storm is 3.0 cm, the
a. 0.450 cm/h
b. 0.333 cm/h
11. A 6-h storm had 6 cm of rainfall and the resulting runoff was 3 cm. If the
index
remains at the same value the runoff due to 12 cm of rainfall in 9h in the catchment is
a. 8.0 cm
b.4.5 cm
c. 6 cm d. 7.5 cm
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
1. The rocks which are formed from molten magma are called
a. sedimentary rocks b. igneous rock
c. metamorphic rock d. none of the above
2. Therocks which are formed by gradual deposition are called
a. sedimentary rocks
b.igneous rock
c. metamorphic rocks
d. intrusive rocks
3. The rocks formed due to consolidation of weathered particles of the existing rocks are
called
a. sedimentary rocks
b.igneous rock
c. metamorphic rocks
d. intrusive rocks
b. foliated rocks
c. instrusive rocks
b. argillaceous rocks
c. siliceours rocks
d. calcareous rocks
b. stone
c. timber
d. iron
b. lustrue
c.texture
d. structure
b. sedimentary rocks
b. sedimentary rocks
c. metamorphic rocks
c. igneous rocks
c. silica
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
12. Marble is
a. igneous rock b. metamorphic rock
c. stratified rock
d. sedimentary rock
b. silicious rock
c. argillaceous rock
b.sedimenary rock
c. metamorphic rock
15. Quartzite is
a. silicious rock
b.argillaceous rock
b.igneous rock
c.metamorphic rock
d.sedimentary rock
b. slate
c.marble
d. quartzite
b. Laterite
c. Granite
d. Calcite
b.lime stone
c. sand stone
d. granite
b. argillaceous rocks
c. silicious rocks
b. diamond
c. talc
d. quartz
c. talc
d. quartz
d. 2.66
d. 2.72
b. diamond
b.2.6
25. Shingle is
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
a. decomposed laterite
b. crushed granite
b. Punjab
c. West Bengal
d. Kerala
above
28. The size of modular bricks is
a. 10X10X9 cm
b. bottom face
31. Clay and silt content in a good brick earth must be at least
a.50%
32.
b. 40%
c. 30%
d.25%
b. oxide of iron
d. magnesium
33.
34.
35.
36.
c. hydraulic lime
d. plain lime
37.
d. terracotta
b. 60 mins
c. 90 mins
d. 120 mins
b. di-calcium silicate
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
c. tri-calcium aluminate
38.
39.
40.
b. Le-chatelier apparatus
c. durability
d. initial
strength
42.
43.
b. sand
c. surkhi
d. cinder
b. nala
c. sea
d. gravel powder
b. air voids
c. viscosity
d. clay contends
b. quantity of aggregate
48.
b. durability
d. none of these
50.
b. 6 to 8%
53.
c. board
d. strip
c. 8 to 10%
d. 10 to 12%
52.
b. plank
51.
a. slate
b. shisham
c. sal
d. teak
b. furniture
c. railway sleepers
. Veneering means
a. carving out designs on timber planks
b. chemically treating timber planks
c. thick layer of superior wood glued to inferior wood
d. thin layer of superior wood glued to inferior wood.
54.
55.
56.
c. coal-tar
d. turpentine
59.
d. asbestos sheets
58.
c. teak wood
The most commonly used base for iron and steel work is
a. red lead
57.
b. bamboo fibre
b. vehicle
c. base
d. drier
a. chalk
60.
63.
d. none of these
62.
French polish is
a. oil paint
61.
b. lime
b. colour
c. smoothness
d. glassy face
b. hard surface
c. smooth surface
d. protective surface
64.
65.
b. 4 grades
c. 6 grades
d. 10 grades
Mastic asphalt is
a. acid resisting material
b. non-corrosive material
c. corrosive material
d. heating materials.
b. mild steel
d. compressed steel
b. sulphur
c. vanadium
d. chromium
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
ANSWERS
1. b
29. a
2. a
30. b
3. c
31. a
4. a
32. c
5. b
33. b
6. b
34. c
7. 1
35. c
8. 1
36. d
9. a
37. a
10. a
38. e
11. a
39. c
12. b
40. b
13. a
41. a
14. a
42. a
15. c
43. c
16. d
44. a
17. a
45. d
18. d
46. c
19. d
47. c
20. a
48. b
21. b
49. d
22. b
50. d
23. c
51. d
24. d
52. b
25. a
53. c
26. a
54. d
27. d
55. c
28. a
56. a
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
57. a
63. d
58. a
64. d
59. a
65. b
60. c
66. b
61. b
67. d
62. d
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
1.
2.
In open test pit method of soil investigation at least one test pit should be excavated
for
a. 1 sq.m area
d. 15x15m area
b. 10 sq.m area
e. 100x100 m area
c. 10x10m area
3.
4.
b. Soft rock
e. Laminated rocks
c. Moist clay
5.
The bearing capacity of hard rock without lamination and defects, for example granite
trap and diorite may be expected to be
a. 1.0kg/cm2
d. 10-20kg/cm2
b. 2-5kg/cm2
e. 30-35kg/cm2
c. 5-10kg/cm2
6.
a. Chemical treatment
b. Grouting
c. Compacting
7.
In case of group of piles, for uniform distribution of load from walls to piles.
a. The piles are connected at the bottom by iron rods
b. The piles are connected at the top by wire ropes
c. The piles are isolated so that load form one pile is not transferred to another pile
d. The piles are connected at the top by a layer of concrete
e. The depth of all piles is maintained constant.
8.
The depth of lean concrete bed placed at the bottom of wall footing is kept.
a. Equal to half the projection beyond the wall base
b. Equal to the projection beyond the wall base
c. Equal to double the projection beyond the wall base.
d. 15cm
e. 25cm
9.
d. 20 mm
b. 5 mm
e. 25mm
c. 10 mm
10.
In case of raft foundations on clayey soils, the maximum total settlement is usually
limited to
a. 400mm
d. 100mm
b. 200mm
e. 50mm
c. 150mm
11.
d. Sheet pile
e. Battered pile
a. Timber
b. Steel
e. Battered pile
c. Stainless steel
13.
14.
For have load, the mix used in case of pre cast concrete pile is
a. 1 : 4 : 6
d. 1 : 2 : 4
b. 1 : 3 : 6
e. 1 : 3 : 6
c. 1 : 3 : 4
f. 1 : 1 : 6
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
15.
16.
17.
Quick sand
a. Is the sand that immediately accepts moisture
b. Is the sand that expands when moisture is added
c. Condition is created in saturated thick layers of loose fine sand soils when
distributed either due to vibrations or pressure of flowing
d. Is pure silica and used un glass industry
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
Answers
1. e
2. d
3. e
4. c
5. e
6. d
7. d
8. b
9. e
10. d
11. e
12. c
13. e
14. c
15. d
16. e
17. c
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
SURVEYING
1.
If the equatorial distance between two meridians is 100 km, their distance at 60 latitude
will be
(a) 1000 km
(b) 800 km
(c) 600 km
(d) 500 km
(e) 400 km
(b) cosccosB
(d )sin c cosB
(b) cosccosB
(c)tan c tanB
(d)sin c cosB
6. If S is the sum of three angles of a spherical triangle, the Spherical excess equals
(a)S-90
(b)S-180
(c)S-270
(d)S-360
7. The great circle whose plane is perpendicular to the axis of Rotation of the earth, is
called
(a) equator
(d) equator to the nearer pole along the meridian of the place
10. Longitude of a place is the angular distance between the meridian, of the place and
(a) the standard meridian
(b)1800 westward
(e) 3600westward.
(c) equator
(b) cos
(c) tan
(d) cot
(c) 6080 ft
(d) 1855.109 m
18. The longitudes of two places at latitude 60 N are 93 E and 97 W. Their departure is
(a) 5100 nautical
19. Pick up tile correct statement from the following. The difference between the longitude
of the places is obtained, .
(a) by subtracting their longitudes if places are in the same hemisphere i.
(b) by adding their longitudes if places are in the different hemispheres
(c) by subtracting thesum'
of their longitudes exceeding 180 from 360 if the places
are in different hemisphere.
(d) all the above .
20. The shortest distance between two places measured along the surface of the earth, is
(a) length of the equator between their longitudes
(b) length of the parallel between their longitudes
(c) length of the arc of the great circle passing through them
(d) none of these
21. Pick up the correct statement from the following. .
(a) Centre of the celestial sphere is taken as the position of the observer
(b) Centre of the celestial sphere is taken as t.he centre of the earth . .
(c) Stars move and maintain their relative positions
(d) Celestial bodies though fixed, appear to revolve from .east to west round the
celestial pole
(e) All the above
22. The zenith is the point on the celestial sphere
(a) east of observer
(d) south of observer
(c) nadir
(d) pole
24. The plane at right angle to the zenith-nadir line and passing through the centre-of the
earth, is called
(a) rational horizon
(b) true horizon (c) celestial horizon (d) all the above
(c) ecliptic
28. The angle between, the plane of the equator and the plane of the ecliptic, is known as
obliquity of the ecliptic and its value is
(a) 22 30'
(b) 23 27'
(c) 23 30'
(d) 24 0'
(b) southward
31 The position of the sun when its north declination is maximum is known as
(a) vernal equinox
(b) Autumnal equinox
(c) summer solstice
(d) winter solstice
32. Thedeclination and right ascension of the sun are each equal to zero on
(a) March 21
(b) June 21
(c) September 21
(d) December 22
33. The declination and right ascension of the sun
becomes 23 27'
N and 909
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
respectively on
(a) March 21 (b) June 21 (c) September 21
(d) December 22
34 The declination and right ascension of the sun becomes 23 27'S and 270
respectively on
(a) March 21
(d) December 22
35 The sun'
s declination remains north in the period between
(a) March 21 to June 21
(b) horizon
(c) pole
39. The angular distance of a heavenly body from the equator, measured along its
meridian, is called ,
(a) declination (b) altitude (c) zenith distance
(d) co-latitude
(d) declination
41 . Pick up the incorrect statement from the following. The angular distance of heavenly
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
bodies on observer'
s meridian measured from the pole, is
(a) co-declination
(b) co-Iatitude
44 The position of a heavenly body on the celestial sphere can be completely specified by
(a) its altitude and azimuth
(b) its declination and hour angle
(c) its declination and right ascension
(d) all the the above
45. The most convenient co-ordinate system for specifying the relative positions of
heavenly bodies on celestial sphere is
(a) altitude and azimuth system.
(b) declination and hour angle system.
(c) declination and right ascension system
(d) declination and altitude system
(e) azimuth and declination system
46 Circum Polar stars .
(a) rotate round the north pole
(b) rotate round the celestial pole
(c) remain always above the horizon
(d) are seldom seen near the pole star
(e) none of these
47. For any star to be a circumpolar star, its
(a) declination must be 0"
(b) declination must be 90"
(c) distance from the pole must be less than the latitude of the observer
(d) no angle must be 180 degree
(c) 30
(d).40
(e) 60
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Surveying
29. c
Answers
30. e
1. d
2. b
3. e
4. c
5. a
6. b
7.
8. c
9. e
10. d
11. c
12. d
13. e
14. b
15. a
16. e
17. e
18. b
19. c
31. c
32. a
33. b
34. d
35. d
36. a
37. e
38. b
39. a
40. a
41. a
42. b
43. c
44. d
45. c
46. c
47. c
48. b
49.
50.c
20. c
21. e
22. d
23. c
24. d
25. b
26. e
27. c
28. b
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
FLUID MECHANICS
1. Define Kinematics
2. Define path line
3. Define streak line
4. Define stream line
5. Define Steady Flow
6. Define Unsteady Flow.
7. Define Uniform Flow
8. Define Non Uniform flow
9. Define Laminar flow
10. Define Turbulent Flow
11. Define Compressible flow
12. Define Incompressible flow
13. Define Rotational flow
14. Define Irrotational flow
15. Define one dimensional flow
16. Define two dimensional flow
17. Define three dimensional flow
18. Define continuity equation
19. Define Velocity Potential Function.
20. Define Laplace equation
21. Define Stream Function.
22. Define Equipotential line.
23. Define Vortex flow.
24. Define fluid.
25. Define Specific Mass.
26. Define Specific Weight
27. Define Specific volume.
28. Define specific gravity.
29. Define model analysis.
30. Define model and prototype.
31. Define viscosity.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Theorem.
methods?
92. How are the repeating variables selected for dimensional analysis?
93. Give examples for repeating variables.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Fluid Mechanics
Answers
1.
Kinematics is defined as that branch of science that deals with motion of particles
without considering the forces causing the motion.
2.
Path Line: A Path Line in a fluid flow is a trajectory of a fluid particle. Path
lines are history lines of individual fluid particles over a period of time.
3.
Streak Line: A Streak line is the locus of locations, at an instant of time, of all the
A Stream line in a fluid flow is a line tangent to which at any point in the direction
Steady Flow is defined as that type of flow in which the fluid characteristics like
( / t ) x0,y0,z0 =0,
6.
Unsteady Flow is that type of flow, in which the velocity, pressure or density at a
0,
(p/ t ) x0,y0,z0
0, ( / t ) x0,y0,z0
0,
Uniform Flow is defined as that type of flow in which the velocity at any give time
Non Uniform flow is that type of flow in which the velocity at any given time
Laminar Flow is defined as that type of flow in which the fluid particles move
along well-defined paths or stream line and all the stream lines are straight and parallel.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
10.
Turbulent Flow is that type of flow in which the fluid particles move in a zigzag
way. In this flow, the eddies formation takes place which re responsible for high energy
loss.
11.
Compressible flow is a type of flow in which the density of the fluid changes from
Rotational flow is a type of flow in which the fluid particles while flowing along
Irrotational flow is the type of flow in which the fluid particles while flowing along
One dimensional flow is the type of flow in which the flow parameter such as
Two dimensional flow is the type of flow in which the velocity is a function of
Three dimensional flow is the type of flow in which the velocity is the function of
equation
For compressible flow A1V1=A2V2
For incompressible flow
1,
1A1V1= 2A2V2
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
19.
It is defined as a scalar function of space and time such that its negative derivate
with respect to any direction gives the fluid velocity in that direction. It is specified by
(Phi)
u = - / x ; v = - / y ; w = - / z
Where u, v, w are the components of velocity in x, y, z direction respectively.
20.
It is defined as the scalar function of space and time, such that its partial derivative
with respective to any direction gives the velocity component at right angles to that
direction. It is denoted by (psi) and defined only for two-dimensional flow.
v = / x; u = - / y
22.
) is constant is called
Equipotential line.
23.
Vortex flow is defined as the flow of a fluid along a curved path or the flow of a
Specific mass or density or mass density of a fluid is defined, as the ratio of the
26.
Specific weight or weight density of a fluid is the ratio between weight of a fluid
to its volume.
= Weight of fluid / Volume of fluid N/m3
27.
Specific volume is the ratio between the volume of a fluid to its mass.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the weight density (or density) of a fluid
The model is the small scale replica of the actual structure of machine. The actual
movement of one layer of fluid over another adjacent layer of the fluid.
32.
A real fluid in which the shear stress is directly proportional to the rate of shear
A real fluid in which the shear stress is not proportional to the rate of shear strain is
A fluid, in which the shear stress is more than the yield value and the shear stress,
is directly proportional to the rate of shear strain( or velocity gradient) is known as ideal
plastic fluid.
35.
The compressibility of a liquid may be defined as the variation in its volume, with
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
36.
Surface Tension is defined as the tensile force acting on the surface of a liquid in
contact with a gas or on the surface between two immiscible liquids such that the contact
surface behaves like a membrane under tension. Its unit is N/m.
37.
Dynamics of fluid flow is the study of fluid motion with the forces causing the
flow.
39.
It is defined as the ratio of inertia force of a flowing fluid and the viscous force of
the fluid.
Re = Inertia force/ Viscous force = Fi /Fv
40.
It is defined as the square root of the inertia force of a flowing fluid to the gravity
force. Fe = ( Fi/Fg )
41.
It is defined as the square root of the inertia force of a flowing fluid to the pressure
force. Eu = ( Fi/Fp )
42.
It is defined as the square root of the inertial force of a flowing fluid to the surface
tension force.
43.
We = ( Fi/Fs )
It is defined as the square root of the inertia force of a flowing fluid to the elastic
force. M = ( Fi/Fe )
44.
Total pressure is defined as the force exerted by the static fluid on the surface
either plane or curved when the fluid comes in contact with the surfaces
45.
Mechanical gauges are defined as the devices used for measuring the pressure by
balancing the fluid column by the spring or dead weight.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
46.
Centre of pressure is defined as the point of application of the total pressure on the
surface.
47.
used to simplify the analysis in research work for design and for conducting model tests.
It deals with the dimensions of the physical quantities involved in the phenomenon.
48.
When a body is immersed in a fluid, an upward force is exerted by the fluid on the
body. This upward force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body and is
called the force of Buoyancy or simply Buoyancy.
49.
the force of Buoyancy is a vertical force and is equal to weight of the fluid displaced by
the body, the centre of Buoyancy will be the centre of gravity of the fluid displaced.
50.
It is defined as a point through which the body starts oscillating when the body is
tilted by a small angle. The Meta-centre may also be defined as the point at which the line
of action of the force of the force of buoyancy will meet the normal axis of the body when
the body is given a small angular displacement
51.
Gauge pressure is defined as the pressure, which is measured with the help of a
pressure measuring instrument in which the atmospheric pressure is taken as a datum. The
atmospheric pressure on the scale is marked as zero.
53.
54.
Manometer is defined as the device used for measuring the pressure at the pont in a
fluid by balancing the column of fluid by the same or another column of fluid.
55.
The pressure at any point is defined as the force per unit area.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
56.
It is defined as the line which gives the sum of pressure head and datum head of a
It is defined as the pipe of uniform diameter having loss of head and discharge
equal to the loss of head and discharge of a compound pipe consisting of several pipes of
different lengths and diameters.
59.
When a body is immersed in a flowing fluid, there is a narrow region of the fluid in
the neighbourhood of the solid body, where the velocity of fluid varies from zero to free
stream velocity. This narrow region of fluid is called boundary layer.
60.
It is defined as the distance from the boundary of the solid body measured in the y
direction to the point where the velocity of the fluid is approximately equal to 99 times the
free stream velocity of fluid.
61.
It is defined as line which gives the sum of pressure head, datum head and Kinetic
body, by which the boundary should be displaced to compensate for the reduction in
kinetic energy of a flowing fluid on account of boundary layer formation
63.
i) Gravity Force
ii) Pressure Force
iii) Force due to viscosity
iv) Force due to turbulence
v) Force due to compressibility
64.
p/ + gdz +vdv =0
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
65.
It is a device used for measuring the velocity of flow at any point in a pipe or a
channel.
66.
A Venturimeter is a device used for measuring the rate of a flow of a fluid flowing
68.
69.
theorem
Similitude is defined as the similarity between model and its prototype in every
respect, which means that the model and prototype have similar properties or
model and prototype are completely similar.
70.
1) Geometric similitude
2) Kinematic similitude
3) Dynamic similitude
71
72.
Reynolds Number
Froudes number
Eulers number
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Webers number
Machs number
73.
74.
The distance between the Meta-centre of a floating body and the centre of a
floating body and the centre of gravity of a body is called meta-centric height.
75.
Energy losses are classified into two types Minor energy losses and Major energy
losses.
Major energy losses are due to friction and it is calculated by the following
formulae (i) Darcy Weisbach formula
(ii) Chezys formula
Minor losses in a pipe is due to sudden contraction or expansion of a pipe, Bend in a
pipe, and an obstruction in a pipe etc
76.
1. Ideal fluid
2. Real fluid
3. Newtonian fluid
4. Non-Newtonian fluid and
5. Ideal plastic fluid
77.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
78.
79.
It states that the pressure or the intensity of the pressure at a point in a static fluid is
Reynolds model law is applied where viscous forces along are predominant.
Reynolds model law is used in
a) pipe flow
b) Resistance experienced by sub-marines, air planes, fully immersed
bodies.
83.
84.
Eulers model law is applied where the pressure forces are alone
predominant.
This is law is applicable to
i)
Cavitation phenomenon.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
85.
as Ideal fluid.
86.
variables.
2) The repeating variables should be chosen in such a way that one variable
contains geometric property, other variable contains flow property and third variable
contains fluid property.
3) The repeating variables selected should not form a non dimensional group.
4) The repeating variables together must have the same number of fundamental
dimensions
3) No two repeating variables should have the same dimension.
87.
The dynamic or absolute viscosity is defined as the ratio of the shear stress on a
shear force
du / dy - Rate of shear strain
The ratio of the dynamic viscosity to the fluid density is called as the kinematic
viscosity.
kinematic viscosity =
88.
Venturimeter
Orifice meter
2. Longer
Shorter
3.High cost
Low cost
4. Accuracy-very good
diameter
89.
Capillarity is defined as a phenomenon of rise or fall of a fluid surface in a small
tube relative to the adjacent general level of liquid when the tube is held vertically in the
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
liquid. Its value depends upon the specific weight of the liquid, diameter of the tube and
surface tension of the liquid.
90.
a) Geometric similarity: For this similarity, the ratio of all corresponding linear
The Rayleighs method becomes more laborious if the variables are more than the
number of fundamental dimension. Buckinghams --- theorem is used in these
cases.
92.
ii)Acceleration(a)
ii )density
In liquids, the cohesive forces predominant, the molecular momentum transfer, due
to closely packed molecules and with the increase in temperature, the cohesive forces
decrease with the result of decreasing viscosity. But incase of gases the cohesive
forces are small and molecular momentum transfer predominates. With the increase in
temperature, molecular momentum transfer increases and hence viscosity increases.
94.
h = 4 cos /
Where
H -height of the liquid
- Surface tension of the liquid
- Specific weight of the liquid
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
pv=RT or p/
= RT
97.
V=5m3
W=33.5 KN
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
1.Himalayas rose from primeval sea of
a).Atlantic b) Indian ocean c) Tethys d) Caspian
2.The Richter scale is used for measuring the
a).Relative humidity of atmosphere b) Intensity of earths tremor
c).Speed of wind d) Electric conductivity of water
3. What is potamollogy?
a)Study of potato shaped polymetallic moduled found on oceanic bed
b) Study of modern sediments
c). Aquifuge
d). Aquitard
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
12. Imaginary surface which coincides with the hydrostatic pressure level of the water in
the aquifer is known as
a). Water table b). Phereatic surface c). Free surface d). Piezometric surface
13. Ground water held above an impervious stratum and not connected with main water
table is
a).Connate water b). Perched water c). Juvenile water d). Leaky aquifer
14. The sedimentary rock without stratification is
a). Sandstone b). Limestone c) Tillite
d) Shale
15. A line joining the points where rocks have the same grade of metamorphism is called
a). Isogyre b). Isograde c). Isopoch d). Isochore
16. A placer deposit in which the weathered and disintegrated material has shifted down
hill is known as
a). Alluvial b). Colluvial c). Proluvial d). Deluvial
17. Tunnel constructed for the purpose of water supply is known as
a). Aquiclude b). Aquiducts c). Aquifer d). None of the above
18.The slow downward movement of soil caused by gravity is known as
a). An Aavalanche b). A landslide c). Hill slide creep d). Physical weathering
19. In a hilly region stability of hill slope depends upon
a). Angle of slope b). Ground water condition c). Geological condition
d). All of the above
20. Terrestrial photographs are taken by
a). Stereo-slope comparator b). Stereometer c). Phototheodolites d). Theophenses
21. In India photo interpretation institute is located at
a). Lucknow b). Mumbai c). Newdelhi d). Dehradun
22. Assembly of individual aerial photographs fitted together systematically to form a
composite view of an area is known as
a). Polygons b). Mosaics c). Pediments d). Promotaries
23. The science of the measurement of ground and elevation on aerial photographs is
known as
a). Remote Sensngin b). Stereoscopy c). Photogrammetry d). Photogeometry
24. Deposits of weathered matereial found at or near its source are termed as
a). Collovial deposits b). Eluvial deposits c). Alluvial deposits d). Residual deposits
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
25. Orgogenic force are generally found to be responsible for the formation of
a). Block mountain b). Fold mountain c). Volcanic mountain d). Plateau
26. Drifting of continental started during
a) Carboniferous b). Devonian c). Cambrian d). Triassic
27. When two continental plate colloides
a). Oceanic volcanoes forms b). Island Arc forms c). A great mountain chain forms
d). Both oceanic volcanoes and Island arc forms
28. Collision of India with Eurasia took place about -------- age.
a). 17 million years b). 90 million years c). 50 million years 40 million years
29. Circulation of water through hydrosphere, atmosphere and lithosphere continuously is
known as
a). Evapo transformation b). Water circulation c). Hydro equilibrium cycle
d). Hydrological cycle
30. The orthorhombic system is referred to three crystallographic axes mutually at right
angels and having
a). Equal parameters b). Unequal parameters c). Different lengths d). None of the
above
31. The Millers symbol for parameters a : b : C will be
a). 201 b). 112 c). 012 d). 221
32.The only element of symmetry is the centre of symmetry in the
a). Pinacoidal class b). Scalenohedral class c). Trapezohedral class d) Non of
the above
33.The region in the earth at which elastic waves are produced by an earthquake is termed
a). Epicenter b). Hypocentre c). Mesocentre d). Syncentre
34. The phenomenon in which an active stream after having cut back a water divide
merges
with another stream flowing at a relatively high level is called
a). Meandering b). River capture c). Rejuvenation d). Diastrophism
35. The radius of the earth is about
a). 6000 km b) 6471 km c). 6371 km
d) 12800 km.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
b) Resistivity method
c) Inductive method
45.The statement the flow rate through porous media is proportional to the head loss and
inversely proportional to the length of the flow path stands for
a) Poisenilles law
b) Darcys law
c) Dwights law
d) Newtonian flow
law
46. Fluorides are added to water in order to
a) Increase metabolism
d) Reduce caries
c) Improve fertility
b) Loamy soil
c) Sandy soil
d) Laterite soil
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
b) Dries rapidly
d) Cakes
readily
49.Himalaya possibly originated some
a). 600 m. years ago b). 500 m.years ago c). 400 m. years ago d). 450 m. years
ago
50. Optical instruments are made of
a) Soft glass b). Hard glass c). Pyrex glass d). Flint glass
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Engineering Geology
Answers
1. c
2. b
3. c
4. c
5. d
6. c
7. a
8. b
9. c
10. b
11. c
12. d
13. b
14. c
15. b
16. d
17. b
18. a
19. d
20. c
21. d
22. b
23. c
24. b
25. b
26. a
27. c
28. c
29. d
30. b
31. d
32. a
33. b
34. b
35. c
36. d
37. a
38. c
39. d
40. d
41. b
42. c
43. a
44. a
45. b
46. b
47. a
48. a
49. a
50. d
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
1. A project is
a) Dam across a river with a single purpose of multi-purpose
b) Any job that involves many people and excess money
c) Work of major intensity involving men and material
d) an organized team work aimed at results within the time limit.
2. Technology is
a)
Study of techniques
events
c)
b)
resources
d)
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
d) Beginning
b) activities
and
end
of
various activities.
c) activity versus
9. PERT means
a) programme evaluation and review techniques
b) pertinent programming related to a project
c) performance evaluation , rating and timing
d) forward, smart, stylish
10. CPM means
a) computer programming mode
b) critical path method
c) controlling planning and maintenance
d) crucial project management
11.PERT is
a) activity oriented
c) time oriented
b) event oriented
d) resources oriented
c) slack oriented
b) activity oriented
d) resources oriented
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
19. variance is
a) Sum of time durations for various jobs
Number of jobs
b) difference between time under consideration and mean time
c) mean of squared deviations
d) Square root of mean of squared deviations.
20. If for an activity optimistic time is 1 day pessimistic time is 8 days and most likely
time is 3 days then the expected time is
a) 3.5 Days
b) 3.6 Days
c) 3.75 Days
d) 4 days
21. If the value of variance is more, then
a) certainty is more
b) probability of certainty is more
c) uncertainty is more
d) probability distribution curve shall be having symmetric shape
22. Standard deviation when optimistic time is 1 day, pessimistic time is 8 days and
most likely time is 3 days is
a) 1.167 days
b) 2.5 days
c) 3.5 days
d) 4 days
23. Slack is
a) difference of latest allowable time and earliest expected time
b) latest allowable time earliest expected time
c) earliest expected time latest allowable time
d) time gained by an activity
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
26. If the probability factor is zero then it means that the chances for the completion of
the project are
a) 0%
c) >0%but<50%
b) 50%
d) 100%
c) reduction of cost
b) reduction of resources
c) minor projects
b) major projects
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
c) Zero
b) Negative
d) same
c) industrial construction
b) heavy construction
d) private construction
c) industrial construction
b) heavy construction
d) electrical construction
d) preparation of tender
e) allotment of funds
c) initiation of proposal
36. Pre- tender stage requires
a) acquisition of land
b) selection of site
c) finalisation of alignment of work
d) finalisation of designs and preparation of estimate
e) all the above
37. The final selection of a construction site, is done by
a) department representative or user
b) local civil authority representative
c) representative of engineer authority
d) representative of administration
e) all the above
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
d) a contractor
b) an architect
c) an owner
39. For the execution of a project, a contractor is
a) a person
c) an agency
b) a firm
c) execution
b) designing
a) Bar chart
b) Gantt chart
c) Modified stone chart
d) Critical path method
chart
e) All the above
42. A construction schedule is prepared after collecting
a) number of operations
b) output of labour
c) output of machinery
d) quantity of various items
e) all the above
43.Military organization is known as
a) line organization
b) line and staff organization
c) functional organization
d) non of these
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Construction Management
Answers
1. d
32. c
2. b
33. a
3. b
34. c
4. d
35. c
5.
36. e
6. a
37. e
7. c
38. e
8. d
39. d
9. a
40. d
10. a
41. e
11. b
42. e
12. b
43. a
13. d
44. d
14. b
45. d
15. c
46. c
16. a
47. d
17. b
48. c
18. b
49. b
19. c
50. b
20. a
21. c
22. a
23. b
24. d
25. d
26. b
27. c
28. a
29. b
30. c
31. b
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
23. Red and yellow are warm colours ; Blue and green are in cool colours
24. Maximum plot extent, minimum plot frontage, FSI, setback, maximum height etc.
25. Detached, semidetached, row of houses, flat or apartments and skyscrapers
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
1.Expand
the term CRRI and indicate where it is located, and briefly Explain.
Jayakar committee
10. Briefly explain the components of design of horizontal alingnment.
11.Briefly explain the sight distance and the factors causing restriction to sight distance
12. Define PIEV theory
13.Briefly explain the stopping sight distance
14.state factors on which the overtaking sight distance depends.Explain briefly.
15.Briefly explain about intermediate sight distance .
16.Discuss the requirements of summit curves
17 .Briefly explain the term gradient and its types
18 .Define compensation of gradient on horizontal curves .
19.Differentiate between flexible and rigid pavement?
20.What are the factors affecting the design of pavement stability?
21. Define equivalent single wheel load ?
22. Briefly explain about climatic,sub-grade soil & traffic factors
23 What are the assumptions in multilayered system of flexible pavement. state any four
assumptions?
24.What are the methods available for design of flexible pavement. Give briefy description
about CBR method.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
25. Briefly explain the basic concepts involving design of rigid pavement ?
26.What are the methods adopted for design of rigid pavement?
27. Briefly give step by step procedure of IRC method.
28.What are the desirable properties of sub grade soil?
29.Enumerate identification and classification of soil?
30.What are the factors, which affect the sub grade, soil strength and explain briefly the test
used to evaluate the soil strength?
31.Briefly describe about the CBR test:
32. What are the desirable properties of road aggregates and test to be conducted on the road
aggregates?
33. Briefly describe about any three tests for road aggregates.
34. What are the general requirements of bitumen and state its properties?
35. what are the test to be conducted on the bitumen materials
36. briefly describe the constructions procedure for bituminous concrete/asphar concrete
surface and cc pavement slab?
37.What are the importance and requirements of high way drainage system?
Importance of
highway drainage
38. How the defects in flexible pavement can be grouped?
39 Briefly describe any three types of distress cause of these defects and indicate the posible
type of treatment.
40.Briefly explain distress in rigid pavement.
41.Briefly explain any three types of distress of rigid pavement which may causes, symptom
and treatment.
42 How the pave ment can be evolved?
43. Define road roughness?how it important and state the measure of road roughness?
44.Briefly describe about present serviceebility index (PSI) and Its uses ?
45. write short notes on
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Transportation Engineering
Answers
1. The term CRRI- Central Road research Institute .It is one of the National laboratories of
the council of Scientific and Industrial research .The institute mainly engaged in applied
research and offers technical advice to state Governments and the industries on various
problem concerning roads .In the year 1950 the CRRI was started at New Delhi for research
in various aspects of highway Engineering.
2.
Master plan is the final road development plan for the area under study, which may be a
block,taluk ,district, state or the whole country. Based as the above plans, different possible
networks of new roads and improvement of some of the existing roads are proposed. In each
proposal the population and productivity (industrial & agricultural) of each locality ,the traffic
flow, topography,and all other details,both existing & possible changes in future are kept in
view.
3.
a.
Obligatory points:
-
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
b. Traffic:
Origin and destination study should be carried out in the area and the desire lines
be drawn showing the trend of traffic flow
c. Geometric design:
Geometric design factors such as gradient, radius of curve and sight distance also
would govern the final alignment of the highway.
d. Economy:
To calculate the economical point of view, the initial cost,
the cost of maintenance and vehicle operation should be taken into account.
5 The engineering surveys may have four stages,the first three stages viz.
a. Map study
b. Reconnaissance
c. Preliminary survey,
Consider all possible alternative alignment keeping in view the various requirements and
fourth stage is final location and detailed survey is carried out for selected alignment.
6. Kerbs:This indicates the boundary between the pavement and shoulder. Kerbs may be of,
i) Low or mountable type kerbs,
ii) Semi-barrier type, and
iii) Barrier type.
Shoulders: Shoulders are provided along the road edge to serve as an emergency lane for
vehicle compelled to be taken out of roadway
7. i)FRICTION:
The friction between vehicle tyre and parameter surface is one of the factors
determining the operating speed and distance requirements in stopping and accelerating the
vehicles.
ii) UNEVENNESS:
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
High operating speeds are possible on even pavement surfaces with less undulation
then on even and poor surfaces. Hence the pavement surfaces must be maintained with
minimum possible unevenness so that the desired speed can be maintained in conformity with
other geometric standards.
iii) LIGHT REFLECTING CHARACTERISTICS:
Night visibility very much depends upon the light reflecting characteristics of
pavement surface. The glare caused by the reflection of headlight is considerably high on wet
pavement surfaces than on dry pavements. Light colored or white pavement surface give good
visibility at nights particularly during rains, and they produce glare and eye strain during
brighter sunlight.
8. Cross slope or camber is the slope provided to the road surface to the road surface in the
transverse direction to drain off the rain water from road surface. Recommended value of
camber for different types of roads are,
CC and high type bituminous surface, 2% to 1.7% ie., 1in 50 to 1 in 60
High bitumen surface, 2.5% to 2% ie., 1 in 40 to 1in 50.
WBM and gravel parameter, 3% to 2.5% ie., 1 in 33 to 1 in 40.
Earth roads, 4% to 3% ie., 1 in 25 to 1 in 33.
Carriage way or width of parameter depends on the width of the traffic lane
and number of lanes. The lane width is determined on the basis of the width of the
vehicle and the minimum side clearance width may be provided for the safety. The
maximum width of vehicle as per IRC specifications is 2.44m
S.NO
CLASS OF ROAD
Single lane
3.75m
7.0m
7.5m
Intermediate carriageway
5.5m
Multi-lane pavements
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
the recommended design speeds for different classes of urban roads are
b)Horizontal curves:A horizontal curve is a curve in plan to provide change in direction to the central line
of a road . When a vehicle travels a horizontal curve ,the centrifugal force acts horizontally
outwards through the centre of gravity of the vehicle.
11. Sight distance available from a point is the actual distance along the road surface which a
driver from a specified height above the carriage way has visibility of stationary or moving
objects. In other words ,sight distance is the length of the road visible ahead to the driver at
any instance .
Restriction to sight distance may be caused at horizontal curves ,by objects obstructing
vision at the inner side road or at vertical summit curves or at inner sections .
The standards for sight distance should satisfy the following conditions :a).Driver travelling at the design speed has sufficient sight distance or length of road visible
ahead to stop the vehicle ,incase of any obtructions on the road ahead ,without collisions
b).Driver travelling at the design speed should be able to satisfy the safety overtake, at
reasonable intervals ,the slower vehicle without causing obstruction or hazard to traffic of
opposite direction .
c).Driver entering an uncontrolled intersections has sufficient visibilty to enable him to take
control of his vehicle and to avoid collision with another vehicle .
The sight distance may be intermediate sight distance and headlight sight distance .
12. According to this theory total reaction time of the driver is split in to four parts VIZ.
Time taken by the driver for
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
a). Perception time: It is the time required for the sensation recived by the eyes or ears to be
transmitted to the brain through the nervous system and spinal chord .
b).Intellection: It is the time required for understanding the situation. It is also the time
required for comparing the different thoughts ,regrouping and registering new sensation .
c) .Emotion time : It is the time elapsed during emotional sensation and disturbances such as
fear ,anger or any other emotional fealings such as superstition etc with reference to the
situation .
P-perception
I-intellection
E-emotion
V-volition
P
V
Reflex action
13. The mininum sight distance available on a highway at any stop should be of sufficient
length to stop a vehicle travelling at design speed ,safety without collision with any other
obstruction.The absolute miminum sight distance is therefore equal to the stopping sight
distance which is also some times called non passing sight distance.
The factors contolling the stopping sight distance are
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
speed of vehicle
efficency of brakes
14. The minimum distance open to the vision of the driver of a vahicle intending to overtake
slow vehicle ahaed with safety against the traffic of opposite direction is known as the
minimum overtaking sight distance (OSD) or the safety passing sight distance .
Factors on which the minimum overtaking sight distance required for the safe
overtaking manovering depends ,
a). speeds of
- Overtaking vehicle
- Overtaken vehicles
- the vehicle coming from opposite correction .
horizontal curves theovertaking sight distance requirements can not always be fulfilled
espacially as sharp curves ,if the safe overtaking should sight distance requirements are high
.In such cases overtaking should be prohibited by regulatory signs.
16. Summit curves with convexity upwards are formed in any one of the vertical gradient
L =2s-4.4/N
Length of summit curve for safe overtaking sight distance or intermediate sight distance .
When L>S
L = NS2 / 8H
When L< S
L = 2S 8H/N
35
15
40
20
50
30
65
40
80
50
100
60
17. Gradient is the rate of rise or fall along the length of the road with respect to the
horizontal. It is expressed as a ratio of 1 in x .
Sometimes the gradient is expressed in terms of percentage.
Gradient are divided in to following catogories .
Ruling gradient
Limiting gradient
Exceptional gradient
Minimum gradient
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
in gradient at the
horizontal curve is called grade compensation which is intended to offset the extra tractive
effort involved at the curve .
Grade compensation % = (30+R)/R
The load of any magnitude may be dissipated by carrying it deep into the ground
through successive layers of granular materials.
Strength of sub grade primarily influences the thickness design of the flexible
pavement.
Strength of each layer can be reduced with increased depth with the highest quality
materials at or near surface.
Rigid Pavement:
The rigid pavement possess high rigidity & high modulus of elasticity, which tends to
distribute the load over a relatively wide area of soil.
20.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
These are represented by the vehicle type, volume and character of the traffic & mode of
operations of the vehicle, which will use the proposed road.
Moisture factor:
These represent factors resulting from changes in moisture content of the sub grade from
Climatic factors:
These represent factors resulting by extremes of temperature with resultant frost
Soil factors:
These represent the condition of the natural foundation soil in cuts, or under swallow
embankments or the soil, which is used to construct the embankment immediately underlying
the sub grade surfaces. They deals with the measurement of sub grade supporting power.
21
ESWL is defined as the load on a single tyre that will cause an equal magnitude of a
temperature differential & frost action, both frost heave & loss of
sub-grade support during the thaw period.
The term frost heave refers to rise of a portion of the road as a direct result of the
formation of ice crystal in a frost susceptible sub-grade or base course.
Frost heave to occure, for the soil which possess,
= a frost susceptible soil.
= slow temperature decreases below the freezing point.
= free supply of water.
For WBM road, mixking of or placing of layer of silt & clay on top of base course should
be completely avoided.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
b) Soil factors:The strength of different types of soil has a tendency to decrease with
decrease in particle size.
For any one soil, strength usually increases with increasing density & decreasing
moisture content.
The permeability of soil determines the degree of drainage attained during a test on a
saturated soil.
Regarding structure of soil, the strength of clay remoulded at natural moisture content
may be considerably less than strength of undisturbed soil which is due to destruction during
the moulding of the natural structure formed by soil particles.The loss of strength depends on
degree of sensitivity of clay.
c) Traffic factors: Traffic intensity is a growing phenomenon, heaviest intensity will occur at
the end of the design life of pavement.It is essential to predict traffic growth. However it is
generally considered adequate if the traffic is projected to a period of 20 years after
construction.
T= p(1+r)n+20
T = design traffic intensity in terms of number of commercial vehicles.
( ladden weight > 3 tonne per day)
p = traffic intensity at last traffic count.
r = arrival rate of increase of traffic intensity
n = number of years since last traffic count & commissioning of the new pavement.
Traffic classification
0-15
15-45
45-150
150-450
450-1500
1500-4500
Above 4500
c) Each layer is isotrophic,is the properity at every point is the same in all directions.
d) Full friction is developed between layers at each interface.
e) Surface shearing forces are not present at the surface.
f) The stress solution are characterised by two materials properties are
-Poisson'
s ratio &
-Modulus of elasticity E.
24
CBR method:
It is the most popular method. In this CBR design curves evolved by the Road
Research Laboratory U.K. which owing to their simplicity & experience with their use have
been found reasonbly well suited for Indian conditions are recommended for design.
Traffic
(Heavy vehicles/ day of ladden wt >3 ton)
CBR design
curves
0-15
15-45
45-150
150-450
450-1500
1500-4500
>4500
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
25 Rigid pavements are designed primarily on the bases of their resistance to bending. Road
slabs generally fails in direct tension. Strength of concrete for design of rigid pavements is
usually measured as modulus of rupture which is the maximum tensile bending stress at the
instance of failure.
MR=M/Z
M= bending moment.
Z=section modulus.
Modulus of rupture is influenced by many variables, such as quality of aggregate, surface
characteristics of aggregates, curing of concrete, strength of cement, handling of specimens,
moisture conditions of specimen at the time of testing & temperature of specimen.
26 a) Portland cement Association
b) U.S. Corps of engineers.
c) U.S. Navy method.
d) Federal aviation agency method.
27
STEP-1:
Stipulate design value for the various parameter viz. Poisson'
s ratio,Young'
s modulus
E, stresses at different locations.
STEP-2:
Decide the joint spacing and lane width.
Slab thickness
max contraction
Unreinforced
weight of reinforcement
in welded fabric(kg/cm2)
slab
10
4.5
15
4.5
20
4.5
10
7.5
2.2
15
13.0
2.7
20
14
2.8
Reinforced Slab
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
STEP-3:
Take tentative thickness
STEP-4
Ascertain maximum temperature stresses for critical edge region from 3 conditions
viz. -Central loading
-Corner loading
-Edge loading
STEP-5:
Calculate the residual available strength of concrete for supporting traffic loads.
STEP-6:
Calculate factor of safety for edge load stress.
Se = 0.529(p/h2)(1+.54)(4 log10(l/b)+log10 b-0.4048)
L = radius of relative stiffness.
= (Eh3/12(1-2)k)
= Poisson'
s ratio.
b = radius of equivalent distribution of pressure.
a for a/h > 1.724 &
(1.6 a^2+ h2) - 0.675h for a/h<=1.724
STEP-7
In case of available FOS is less than or fair in excess of one, adjust the tentative slab
thickness & repeat step 3 to 6 till the FOS is one or slightly
more. Take thickness of slab hs.
STEP-8
Check for adequacy of thickness in the corner region by ascertaining corner load
stress & readjust the thickness hs if inadequate.
SC= 3p/h2(1-(a1/l)1.2)- Kelly
STEP-9:
Adjust hs for traffic intensity, the adjusted design thickness h may be obtained from
h= hs+ht.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
28.
Stability
Incompressibility
Permanency of strength
Good drainage.
Ease of compaction.
29.The soil properties on which their identification and classifications are based are known as
Index properties. The index properties usually used are grain size distribution, liquid limit and
plasticity index. Also other properties like shrinkage limit, moisture content and compacted
dry density.
Grain size analysis:- The coarse grained soil can be determined by sieve analysis and fines
can be determined by sedimentation analysis.
Consistency limits and Indices:- The physical properties of fine grained soils, especially of
clays differ very much at different water contents. Clay may be almost in a liquid state or it
may show plastic behavior or may be stiff depending on the moisture content.
The Atterberg proposed a series of tests, most empirical, for the determination of the
consistency and plastic properties of fine-grained soils. These limits are liquid limit, plastic
limit and shrinkage limit.
The soil classification systems in use in the field of highway engineering are
Burmister descriptive classification
Casagarande soil classification
Unified soil classification of revised Casagarande soil classification and IS
soil classification system.
US Public Road Administrative Classification (PRA)
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
31. The CBR test may be considered in the laboratory as a prepared specimen in a mould or
inside in the field.
The lab CBR apparatus consists of a mould 150mm dia. In a base plate and a collar, a
loading frame in the cylindrical plunger of 50mm dia. And gauges for measuring the
expansion on soaking and the penetration values. The test consists of causing cylindrical
plunger of 50mm dia. To penetrate a pavement material at 1.25mm/min. The load values to
cause 2.5 mm and 5.0mm penetration are recorded. These loads are expressed as percentages
of standard load values at respective deformation levels to obtain CBR. The standard load
values obtained from the average of large numbers of tests as crushed stones are 1370kg and
2055 kg(70 & 105 kg/cm2) respectively at 2.5 mm and 5.0 penetration .
Test load (or pressure) sustained by
Specimen at 2.5 or 5mm Penetration
CBR
* 100
Standard load (or pressure) sustained by
aggregate at the corresponding penetration
The
natural rubbing of stones is called attrition, which also make a little wear in the aggregates,
however attrition will be negligible or absent in most of the pavement layers.
b) Toughness: Aggregates in the pavement are also subjected to impact due to moving wheel
load. The magnitude of the impact would increase with the roughness of the road surface,
speed of the vehicle and other vehicular characteristics.
c)Durability: The stone used in pavement construction should be durable and should resist
disintegration due the action of weather. The property of the stones to withstand the adverse
action of weather may be called as soundness.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
d)Shape of Aggregates: The size of the aggregates is first qualified by the size of sieve
opening through which an aggregate may pass, and not by the shape. Aggregates, which
happen to fall in a particular size range, may have rounded, cubical, angular, flaky or
elongated shape of particles. It is evident that the flaky or elongated particles will have less
strength and durability when compared to cubical, angular or rounded particles of the same
stone. Hence too flaky and too much elongated aggregate should be avoided as far as
possible.
e)Adhesion with bitumen: The aggregates used in bituminous pavements should have less
affinity with water when compared with bituminous materials, otherwise the bituminous
coating on the aggregates will be stripped of in presence of water.
Tests for road aggregates:
a) Crushing test
b) Abrasion test
c) Impact test
d) Soundness test
e) Shape test
f) Specific gravity and water absorption test
g) Bitumen adhesive test
33 1) Aggregate crushing test:
The aggregate crushing value provides a relative measure of resistance to
crushing under gradually applied compressive load. To achieve a high quality of
pavement aggregates possessing high resistance to crushing or low aggregate crushing
value are preferred.
Aggregate crushing value = (100w2)/w1 %
Where,
W2= weight of the crushed material passing through 2.36mm IS sieve (after
crushing).
W1= weight of sample taken.
For good aggregate used in base course = less than 45%
Surface course = less than 30%
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
2) Abrasion tests:
Abrasion tests are carried out to test the hardness of property of a stone and to decide
whether they are suitable for the road construction works. The abrasion test on aggregate may
be carried out using any one of the following tests.
a) Los Angles abrasion test
b) Deval abrasion test
c) Dorry abrasion test
The result of the abrasion test expressed as the percentage wear or the percentage
passing 1.7mm sieve expressed in terms of original weight of sample.
3) Impact tests:
A test designed to evaluate the toughness of stone or their resistance of the aggregate to
fracture under repeated impacts is called impact test. The aggregate impact value is expressed
as the percentage of the fine formed by sieving through 2.36mm sieve, in terms of total
weight of the sample.
34
a) ease to mixing
b) attainment of desired stability of the mix.
c) to maintain the stability under adverse weather condition.
d) to maintain sufficient flexibility and thus avoid cracking bituminous surface.
e) to have sufficient adhesion with the aggregates in the mix in presence of water.
Desirable properties
a. the viscosity of the bitumen at the time of mixing &compaction should be
adequate .this is achieved by heating the bitumen &aggregate prior to mixing
or by use of cut back or emulsion of suitable grade .
b. the bituminous material should not be highly temperature susceptible . during
the hottest weather of the region the bituminous mix should not become to
soft or unstable. During cold weather the mix should not become too hot and
brittle causing cracking of surface.
c. I presence of water the bitumen should not strip off from the aggregate
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
35
a) penetration test
b) ductility test
c) viscosity test
d) float test
e) specific gravity test
f) softening point test
g) flash and free point test
h) solubility test
i) spot test
j) loss or heating test
k) water content test
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
a)
38. The types of defects in flexible pavement can be grouped under four distinct categories
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
surface defects: It includes fatty surface, smooth surface, streaking and hungry surface
Disintegration: Covering stripping, loss of aggregate reveling, pot holes and edge
breaking.
39
Types of distress : Fatty surfaces :Symptoms : collection of binders as a film on the surface. This become soft in hot weather
and may be picked up and spread by traffic.
Causes :
- Exessive binder in a premix surfacing over filling the voids.
-
Treatment :
An open graded premix surfacing with a low bitumen content can absorb the exess
binder. If large areas of fatty surfaces having irregularities removal of the affected layer in
the area and replacing it with a layer having properly designed mix may be necessary.
a)Smooth surface:Symptoms: Slippery when wet and has vey low skid resistance value. Such a condition is
hazardous especially an gradients,bends and intersections.
Causes:
-Polishing of aggregates under traffic
-Excessive binders .
Treatments:Resurfacing with a surface dressing course are a premix carpet.Selecting hard and
angular aggregates. Carpet can be open graded mix.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
b)Hungry surfaces:Symptoms:
-Loss of aggregates from the surface.
-Appearance of fine cracks.
Causes:
-Use of less bituminous in the surfacing.
-Use of Absorptive aggregate in the surfacing.
Treatment:
-Apply slurry seal in thickness of 2 to 5mm
-As an emergency repair, a for seal may be used.
40. Failure noticeable on rigid pavement may be due to two basic causes
a) Due to over load or fatique
b) Due to deterioration or deficiency of pavement itself.
Rigid pavement will crack if stresses in the slab exceed the modulus of rupture these
may take the form of corner breaks, longitudinal cracks or transverse cracks, such cracks
usually developed closed to a joint.
Distress can also result from warping and curling, stress due to contraction and
expansion of concrete and from inproper dowel alignment.
If cracking in rigid pavement is not progressive and if it merely provides relief from
high restrain stress, cracking may not be determinantal. Transverse cracks are determintal
only when load transfer through grain interlock is lost.
41. Distress:- a) Edge failure
Symptoms: Semicircular hair line cracks closely spaced and typically increasing
from the joints and pavement edges.This is a progressive distress until nearly complete
distoration may result.
Causes:
Low durability of concrete due to use of non durable materials and climatic
condition.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Treatment:
-
Maintanance of joints.
Distress:-
b)Continuous cracks
seal the crack immediately to prevent infiltration of water and other forign
materials.
Distress:-
c)Scalling
Symptoms:
-
Causes:
-
Use of dirty aggregates which causes silt and clay to flow to the surface during the
finishing process.
Treatment:
- Provide skid resistance sand-seal coat.
42The evoluation is needed to check the quality of new construction. To evolve the
existing pavement two types of surveys are conducted , namely
1. condition surveys
2. Evaluation surveys
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Condtion surveys :
These surveys are made to determine the condition of the pavement at any given time.
If does not evoluate the structural strength of pavement and also no attempt is made to find
out the reason for the pavement condition. Thus it is only qualitative in nature and subjective
rating by individual is made. These surveys are used for maintanance programmes . However
it does not indicate the type of maintanance to be carried out.
Evolution surveys are carried out to determine the structural adequacy of a pavement
and to find out the reason for the condition of the pavement.
Condition survey normally form an integral part of evolution surveys , but they
consider many other factors like pavement type, pavement thickness ,quality of paving
materials ,traffic etc.
43.Road roughness can be classified as
-
longitudinal roughness
transverse roughness
PSR was correlated in the AASHO road test with measurements of roughness,patching and
cracking. The regression analysis equations took
the general form as
PSI = A0 +A1 (R) + A2 (F1) + A3 (F2)
A= Regressive analysis constants
R =Measure of roughness
F= physical measurements of patching, cracking etc.
The PSI only indicates the condition of the pavement at an instant of time ,without being
influenced by factors such as pavement width,
shoulders,width&condition,grade,alignment,structural,adequacy, traffic& climate. A
serviceability rating of 2.5 is considered an acceptable
pavement for the primary system and a rating of 2.0 for the secondary
system.
USES OF PSI:
- It permits rating of pavements are common basis.
- It permits making priority and maintainence programmes in a logical manner.
- It helps to establish relationship between objective pavement measurements &
subjective rating of the road users.
- It permits obtaining measurements at various times &the establishment of
parameter that defines pavement condition in design equations.
- It permits to estimate the life trends of an in service pavements.
- Histories of pavement performance can be related to changes
in servicability with time.
45. The deflection method is based on the concept that pavement section which have been
conditioned by traffic,deform elastically under load.The deformation or elastic deflection
under a given depends upon sub-grade soil type,its moisture content & compaction, thickness
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
residual
deflection
may
be
due
to
non
recoverable deflection of the pavement of the influence of the deflection bowl on the front
legs of the beam.Rebound deflection is used for overlay design.
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
1.Which one of the following practices, causes reduction in the per capita water consumption?
(a) good quality water
2. The multiplying _actor, as applied to obtain the peak hourly demand, in relation to the
maximum daily demand (per hour of course) is :
(a) 1.5
(b) 1.8
(c) 2.0
(d) 2.7.
3. If the average daily water consumption of a city is 24000 cum, the peak hourly demand (of
the maximum day of course) willbe :
(a) 1000 cu m/hr
(c) 1800 cu m/hr
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
8. The suitable method for forecastingpopulation-for a young and a rapidly developing city is
(a) arithmetic mean method (b) geometric mean method
(c) comparative graphical method' (d) none of these.
9. The suitable method for forecasting population for an old developed large city, is :
(a) arithmetic mean method
(b) geometric mean method
(c) comparative graphical method
(d) none of these.
10. The average domestic water consumption per capita per day for an Indian city, as per IS
1172-1963, may be taken as :
(a)135 I/c/d,
(c) 240 I/c/d
(b) stratosppere
(c.)ionosphere
d) troposphere.
.'
'
(b) specific capacity"
(d) none of these.
17 .An aquifer, sandwiched between_the top and the bottom aquicludes, Will supply water to
a well, called as _________________
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
18. A ranney well, largely used for tapping ground water for public supplies, receives
groundwater, from:
(a) its bottom
(b) its vertical permeable sides
(c) . radial horizontal collectors
(d) none of these.
19. The most widely used type of a tube well in India is :
(a) a cavity well
(b)50 litres/sec
(d) 5000 litres/sec.
22. The quantity of water available from an infiltration gallery, depends upon the:
(a) size of the gallery
24. The efficiency of the pump used for lifting water from a tube well may be assumed to be
(a) 30%
(b) 65%
(c)80%
(d) 90%
25. The devices that are installed for drawing water from different water sources, are called
__________
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Environmental Engineering
Answers
1. d
2. a
3. d
4. d
5. b
6. c
7. d
8. b
9. a
10. a
11. b
12. hydrological cycle
13. d
14. c
15. c
16. b
17. cartesan well
18. c
19. c
20. a
21. b
22. b
23. d
24. b
25. intakes
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
BUILDING SCIENCE
1.
3.
In open test pit method of soil investigation at least one test pit should be excavated
for
f. 1 sq.m area
i. 15x15m area
g. 10 sq.m area
j. 100x100 m area
h. 10x10m area
3.
4.
g. Soft rock
j. Laminated rocks
h. Moist clay
5.
The bearing capacity of hard rock without lamination and defects, for example granite
trap and diorite may be expected to be
f. 1.0kg/cm2
i. 10-20kg/cm2
g. 2-5kg/cm2
j. 30-35kg/cm2
h. 5-10kg/cm2
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
6.
g. Grouting
h. Compacting
7.
In case of group of piles, for uniform distribution of load from walls to piles.
f. The piles are connected at the bottom by iron rods
g. The piles are connected at the top by wire ropes
h. The piles are isolated so that load form one pile is not transferred to another pile
i. The piles are connected at the top by a layer of concrete
j. The depth of all piles is maintained constant.
8.
The depth of lean concrete bed placed at the bottom of wall footing is kept.
f. Equal to half the projection beyond the wall base
g. Equal to the projection beyond the wall base
h. Equal to double the projection beyond the wall base.
i. 15cm
j. 25cm
9.
i. 20 mm
g. 5 mm
j. 25mm
h. 10 mm
10.
In case of raft foundations on clayey soils, the maximum total settlement is usually
limited to
f. 400mm
i. 100mm
g. 200mm
j. 50mm
h. 150mm
11.
i. Sheet pile
j. Battered pile
12.
g. Steel
j. Battered pile
h. Stainless steel
13.
14.
For have load, the mix used in case of pre cast concrete pile is
g. 1 : 4 : 6
j. 1 : 2 : 4
h. 1 : 3 : 6
k. 1 : 3 : 6
i. 1 : 3 : 4
l. 1 : 1 : 6
i. B/4
g. B/8
j. B/3
h. B/6
15.
16.
17.
Quick sand
e. Is the sand that immediately accepts moisture
f. Is the sand that expands when moisture is added
g. Condition is created in saturated thick layers of loose fine sand soils when
distributed either due to vibrations or pressure of flowing
h. Is pure silica and used un glass industry
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Building Science
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. d
11. e
12. c
13. e
14. c
15. d
16. e
17. c
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K
Prepared by Jayachandran.K.K