Monitoring the Durability

of Concrete Structures
Corrosion Monitoring System

Calculation of Chloride Ingress

Detoriation Model

System for Existing Structures

xc

C X = C SN 1 - erf

CX

System for New Structures

2 Do . kt . ( to)n . t
t

: threshold level

C SN : notional surface chloride concentration

xc

: concrete cover

Do

: chloride migration coefficient

kt

: test method factor

to

: reference period

: exposure period

: age factor

Anode Ladder

Expansion Ring System

Chloride Profile after 30 a

Requirements

(surface concentration 2 %)
chloride content in M.-% / cement

Robustness and easy handling

(transport, installation,
concreting, vibration)

2.00
1.80
D Cl = 5 . 10 -12 m 2 /s

1.60

Measurements
Portable measuring instrument
CANIN-LTM for 1000 data-sets

Automatic datalogger system

with data transmission via GPM

Durability and long-term stability

(alkaline environment, chlorides)

1.40
1.20
D Cl = 1 . 10 -12 m 2 /s

1.00

No negative effects on structural

behaviour !
(e.g. changes of exposed surface,
deformations due to temperature

0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20

D Cl = 0,5 . 10 -12 m 2 /s

Possibilities to check the system

(redundancy)

0.00
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
distance from the concrete surface in cm

Critical Depths over Time

Example of Application: Great Belt Link / Western Bridge

Calculations

Great Belt Link

Calibration Tests

depth in cm
300

100

c s= 2 M. - %

150
100

25

15 m A after 5 s

50

no corrosion
5 % Cl

5 % Cl

time in a

2.5 % Cl

100

2.5 % Cl

80

1.5 % Cl

60

1.5 % Cl

40

1 % Cl

20

1 % Cl

0
0

200

1.5 % Cl,
w/c=0.7

D Cl = 5 . 10 -12 m 2 /s

corrosion

50

1.5 % Cl,
w/c=0.7

Cl c= 1,5 %

250

0 % Cl

75

0 % Cl

5
4

1s
5s
10 s
15 s
30 s

0 % Cl

macrocell current in A

Cl c= 1,0 %
Cl c= 0,5 %

0 % Cl

chloride content / cement

Monitoring

corrosion rates

CO2

Cl-

A Cl-

Cl-

I~0

CO2

C
Cl-

Cl-

Cl-

CO2

Cl-

signal 6

CO2

ClCO2

I>0

time

CO2
CO2

Cl-

Cl-

Pier-shafts in sea-water

corrosion !

Cl-

CO2

Cl-

I>0

Cl-

CO2
ClCO2

A
CO2

I>0

I~0

Cl-

CO2
ClCO2

I>0

Construction joints Piers / Caissons in sea-water

signal 5

concrete surface

signal 1
signal 2
signal 3
signal 4

concrete

Amperemeter

CO2

CO2
Cl-

I>0

critical depth !
depth
reinforcement

Conclusions and Outlook

Monitoring of New Structures

Monitoring of Existing Structures

Outlook

Improved sensors available

Brite-Euram: "Smart Structure"

Increasing Data-base

Experience from different structures

Several other projects running

Implementation of results from monitring into

probabilistic durability calculations