CHM 153

Title

: Experiment 2 Standardization of Potassium

Permanganate Solution and Determination of The
Purity of Manganese Dioxide.

Name

ID

Partner

ID

Partner

ID

Lecture Name

Date of Experiment : 06/01/2016

Date of Submission : 13/01/2016

Objective:
The purpose of this experiment is to standardize the potassium permanganate solution and
also to determine the purity of manganese dioxide.
Chemicals:
Na2C2O4
H2SO4 (1M and 2.5M)
Oxalic acid (0.25M)

KMnO4
Pyrolusite
Apparatus:
Conical flasks
Beaker
Glass rod
Heat plate
An electronic balance
Retort stand and clamp
Burette
Funnel
Volumetric flask (100mL)
Pipette (25mL)
Filter paper
Dropper
White tile
Thermometer
Spatula
Weighing paper.
Procedure:
a) Sodium Oxalate (g)
1. A dried of sodium oxalate was weighted by using an electronic balance and then
transferred into a conical flask. The weight was recorded.
2. A portion of 20 mL, 1M, H2SO4 was added to mix the sodium oxalate.
3. Then, the mixture was heated by using hot plate. The temperature was let to rise up
to 60 C while string by using glass rod.
4. After the mixture when up to the 60C (approximately). The titration process can be
started.
5. The burette was filled with unstandardized KMnO4 up to the top of burette (0mL).
The conical flask must be goodly well shaked.
6. The titration process can be stopped when the reaction flask (conical flask) turn a

permanent brown (Before it turns brown, the pink color will fade in a few second
can be observed during this step).
7. The result of these steps was being recorded. The steps 1 6 were repeated one more
time.
b) Pyrolusite (g)
1. A pyrolusite was weighted between 0.20 g up to 0.25 g and transferred into a conical
flask.
2. Next, an oxalic acid (50 mL, 0.25M) was added to mix it well. After gave a good
shake, a 2.5M of 10 mL H2SO4 was added to the solution.
3. The solution was brought to boil by using the hot plate. The solution was continually
stir until the violent bubble appears.
4. The solution was let it cool down to allow the precipitate settle down at the bottom
of conical flask. After that, the solution was filter out and the crystal and solid
precipitate were thrown out. The filtered solution was transferred into a 100 mL of
volumetric flask.
5. The 1M of H2SO4 was added into the volumetric flask until the level reaching up to
the calibration mark by using a dropper. The volumetric flask was given a good
shake after being close tight.
6. The solution was transferred into a large beaker and 25 mL of the solution was
pipetted and transferred into a new conical flask and ready to be titrated.
7. The burette was filed with KMnO4 and begin titrate with the sample solution. The
permanent brown color indicates the reaction was complete. The data was recorded.
c) Without Sodium Oxalate and Pyrolusite.
1. A 50 mL of 0.25M oxalic acid was added with 10 mL of 2.5 M H2SO4. The mixture
was well stirred.
2. The mixture/solution was transferred into 100 mL of volumetric flask. The 1 M of
H2SO4 was added to fill up until reaches the calibration mark.
3. A 25 mL of the solution was pipetted was heated gently up to 60C in a conical flask
and by using a hot plate.
4. The titration steps same with others. The titration was stopped when the solution in
the reaction flask turn into brown color.
5. The data was recorded.

Data:
a) Sodium Oxalate (g)
Weight of sodium oxalate (g)
Burette reading
Final (mL)
Initial (mL)
Volume of KMnO4 used (mL)

0.1253
I
19.00
00.00
19.00

0.1154
II
37.20
19.00
18.20

0.2425
I
70.00
00.00
70.00

0.2457
II
73.30
00.00
73.30

b) Pyrolusite
Weight of Pyrolusite
Burette reading
Final (mL)
Initial (mL)
Volume of KMnO4 used (mL)

c) Without Sodium Oxalate and Pyrolusite.

Weight of Sodium Oxalate and

0.00

0.00

Pyrolusite
Burette reading
Final (mL)
Initial (mL)
Volume of KMnO4 used (mL)

I
32.25
00.00
32.25

II
67.80
00.00
67.80

Calculation:
a) Sodium Oxalate (g)
Molarity = Mass average (g)/Volume average (mL)
= 0.12035 g of sodium oxalate/ 50 mL of solution
= 0.002407 M
M1V1= M2V2
Molarity of solution 1 Volume 1 of pipetted = M2 Volume of titrated
0.002407 M 25mL = M2 18.60 mL

M2= 0.0032M of potassium permanganate.

b) Pyrolusite
Molarity = Mass average (g)/Volume average (mL)
= 0.2441 g of pyroslusite/ 60 mL of solution
= 0.0041 M
M1V1= M2V2
Molarity of solution 1 Volume 1 of pipetted = M2 Volume of titrated
0.0041 M 25mL = M2 71.65 mL
M2= 0.00143 M of potassium permanganate.
c) Without Sodium Oxalate and Pyrolusite.
M1V1= M2V2
Molarity of solution 1 Volume 1 of pipetted = M2 Volume of titrated
0.25 M 25mL = M2 33.90 mL
M2= 0.1844 M of potassium permanganate.
d) The actual concentration/molarity of Potassium Permanganate:
= 0.0032 + 0.00143 +0.1844
= 0.18903 M of actual (prepared by lab assistance/sample) KMnO4.

Discussion:
In this experiment, we can standardize the unknown concertation/molarity of potassium
permanganate (KMnO4) by using known concentration/molarity of other compound (sodium
oxalate and pyrolusite). This method involved the titration process. As we know, titration method is
too complex to handle with unexperienced students. There are lot of error (parallax error, random
error and environmental problems). The color of dark purple solution potassium permanganate
(KMnO4) makes the burette reading is difficult to read. Besides that, the setup of titration is close to
the interferences such as students who playing around near the setup. In addition, unexperienced

students also a problem, this is because the correct method to use titration is not being used, thus
this will decrease the efficiency of the results. The apparatus also caused an error too, the bubble
was spotted at the needlepoint during the titration with pyrolusite was proceed. The
environmental problems are caused from the room (technically a laboratory itself) has low
sufficient of lighting and too crowded with other students. This will cause a lot distraction each
others.
The titration result of KMnO4 with sodium oxalate is 0.0032M. That indicate the
concentration/molarity of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is 0.0032M is needed to neutralize the
0.12035 g of sodium oxalate. The second titration was KMnO4 with pyrolusite. They result quite
ridiculous (because due to error and every aspect was failed during that time/less confidence) is
0.00143 M. That means the concentration of KMnO4 is lower than the first titration. The third
titration is almost like a blank (for comparison /because there is no compound (g) was added). The
result also can be rejected (failed). The value is 0.1844 M of potassium permanganate (KMnO4). As
all three titration was complete, the actual value can be get form all the relationship above. The
actual value of concentration/molarity is 0.18903 M [KMnO4]. *Note some of the value has been
took as an average.
Due to the worst result, not accurate and no precise result. This experiment is officially fail.
The result of purity of manages dioxide cannot be shown here.The students need to learn from their
mistake and keep moving forward. The titration method must be well-known and expertise for a
students.

Conclusion:
The conclusion from this experiments, we can standardize the potassium permanganate
(KMnO4) by using titration method while determine the purity of manganese dioxde. Even though,
the experiment was a big failure, we can learn how to titrate properly besides learn new things about
safety in laboratory. This will helps us improve ourselves.

References:
Che Faridah Osman, Mohd. Hafiz Yaakob, Inorganic Experiment For Inorganic
Chemistry, CHH153, Diploma in Industrial Chemistry (AS115) Faculty of Applied
Sciences