Jorge Octavio Vizcano Guajardo

Introduction
Light

Amplification by
Stimmulated
Emission of
Radiation

Laser beam is:

Monochromatic
Coherent

Polarized
Parallel
Collimated

History
1917 - Albert Einstein: theoretical prediction of stimulated emission

1954 - N.G. Basow, A.M. Prochorow, C. Townes: ammonia maser

1960 - Theodore Maiman: first laser (ruby laser)

1964 - Alexander Prokhorov, Charles H. Townes, Nicolai Basov.

Nobel prize in Physics for work in quantum electronics leading to lasers
and masers.

1971 - Denes Gabor. Nobel prize in Physics for invention of holography

1997 - Steven Chu, William D. Phillips, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji.

Nobel prize in Physics for development of methods to cool and trap
atoms with laser light

Principle of Lasers
1) Absorption

2) Spontaneous Emission

3) Pumping and Population Inversion

4) Stimulated emission of electromagnetic

radiation

1) Absorption

2) Spontaneous Emission

3) Pumping and Population Inversion

4) Stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation

Laser Operation

Photons emitted by stimulated emission and inducing

photons are identical
Frequency
Phase
Polarization
Direction

Consequently laser light is

Monochromatic
Coherent
Polarized
Parallel
Collimated beam

Types of Laser

Solid State Lasers

Gain media = SOLID (Glass, Doped crystal)

-Solid-state lasers
may generate output
powers between a
few milliwatts and
(in high-power
versions) many
kilowatts.

Many solid-state lasers are optically pumped with flash lamps or

arc. Lamps. However, they lead to a fairly low power efficiency,
moderate lifetime, and strong thermal effects such as thermal
lensing in the gain medium.

DPSS lasers
Pumping

Laser Diodes

Compact setup
Long lifetime
Often very good beam quality

Some Solid State Lasers

Nd:YAG Lasser
Nd:Y3Al5O12

Emits at1064 nm
Absorbs mostly in the bands between 730
760 nm and 790820 nm

Optically pumped using a flashtube or laser

diodes

Pulsed and continuous mode

Q-switching mode

Applications

Conclusions
The fundamental principle in the laser performance, is the
stimulated emission by a population inversion in the laser active
media.
The Solid State Lasers has a crystal or glass active media,
sometimes is doped with rare earths or some transitions metal
ions.
The pump source used for the Solid State Lasers are flash lights
and laser diodes with different wavelenght.
Solid State Lasers has many applications in different areas,
specially in medicine.

References
R.S. Azis, D. Holland, M. E. Smith, DTA/TG, XRD and 27Al
MAS NMR of Yttrium Aluminium Garnet, Y3Al5O12 by Solgel Synthesis, Journal of The Australian Ceramic Society
Volume 49[2], 2013, 74 80.
Brian J. Thompson. Solid-State Lasers and Applications.
Taylor & Francis Group.
Solid State Lasers. https://www.rpphotonics.com/solid_state_lasers.html
A History Of The Laser: A Trip Through The Light Fantastic.
http://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID=42279

Thanks!

Rasho Laser