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M u v hp m...............................................................................................................1
Bn cn hc n u?..................................................................................................2
Lm quen vi hp m..........................................................................................................2
Hp m 3 (Triads)................................................................................................................3
Triad.............................................................................................................................3
Gi tn hp m l bit cu to.............................................................................................4
Tn gi ca hp m.....................................................................................................5
K hiu ca cc loi.....................................................................................................5
Hp m dng Trng...........................................................................................................6
K hiu hp m:..........................................................................................................6
Cu to ca hp m.....................................................................................................6
Nh vy, s c 12 hp m 3 trng tng ng vi 12 nt gc, tt c u c
chung cng thc 1,3,5 v khc nhau nt gc.......................................................7
S dng hp m trng...............................................................................................7
Hp m dng th.................................................................................................................7
K hiu hp m:..........................................................................................................7
Cu to.........................................................................................................................7
Hp m 7.............................................................................................................................8
Hp m 7.....................................................................................................................9
Cu to.........................................................................................................................9
Hp m 7 trng (major seventh)................................................................................9
Hp m 7 th (minor seventh)...................................................................................10
Hp m 7 t m (dominant).......................................................................................10
Hp m tng/gim..............................................................................................................11
Cu trc......................................................................................................................11
Hp m tng (augmented)..........................................................................................11
Hp m gim:............................................................................................................12

M u v hp m
Vy l chng ta hon thnh xong kh nhiu bi mang nng tnh l
thuyt. Trong chng ny ni dung chng ta tm hiu s mang tnh thc
tin nhiu hn. n gin v hp m gn lin vi vic chi nhc ca bn. Do
trnh by rt k trong nhng phn trc, nn phn ny website s vit
vi mc nh rng bn nm vng v qung v m giai ri nh.
Vi nhng ngi tng chi nhc, khng chuyn hoc bn chuyn. Chng ta chc
chn qu quen thuc vi vic s dng hp m ri. Tuy nhin khi c hi bn hiu
g v hp m, c l nhiu ngi s cm thy lng tng. V dng nh chng ta ch
bit n tn gi v th bm ca hp m, ng thi rp khun s dng chng m
khng hiu g my.

y thc s l mt iu rt ng tic, v ch mt cht tm hiu, bn c th c ci nhn

su hn, kim sot v s dng hp m theo mnh mt cch d dng v tn dng
ht kh nng ca chng. ng thi cng cho bn s ch ng hn khi chi nhc.

Bn cn hc n u?
Hiu v hp m rt quan trng, tuy nhin kin thc hp m l kh rng v c l bn
s cm thy mnh khng thc s cn dng n n. Bn c th tham kho bi vit
v nh hng khi chi nhc. Nu bn thuc nhm s 1 th bn ch cn dng li bi
v hp m 7th l .
Nu bn mun i xa hn, c bit l nhng ngi chi bass hoc din solo, bn
khng nn b qua bt k bi vit no trong chng ny v t cu hi ngay khi c g
kh hiu nh.
Chng ta bt u thi!
thc hin phng chm Nhc l d hiu nht c th, xin cc bn hy cng gp
sc xy dng trang web bng cch li cu hi vo bt k ch no bn cm thy
li gii thch khng tho mn c bn.
S ng gp ca bn s l sc mnh lan to tri thc v am m m nhc ca chng
ta.
Cm n bn rt nhiu

Incoming search terms:

phan mo dau hoa am

Lm quen vi hp m
Hy bt u vi nhng cu hi n gin nht chng ta lm quen vi hp
m.

Hp m l g?
C th ni n gin hp m l tp hp nhng m thanh v tu chng ln cng vi
nhau, to thnh mt tng th hi ha v m sc. iu quan trng l tp hp ny c
quy lut v nguyn tc r rng. Nu khng th tp hp ch gi l chng m m
thi.

Ti sao phi c nguyn tc v quy lut?

iu quan trng nht ca mt hp m l sc thi (quality) ca hp m . Mi hp
m u mang li cho ngi nghe mt cm gic khc nhau, thm ch c th gi l
cm xc cng c. Nu khng theo quy tc th s rt kh mang li cm xc nh vy.

Hp m c nht thit phi vang ln cng nhau khng?

Khng hn, cc nt nhc trong mt hp m c th vang ln cng lc, hoc c ri

ln lt theo th t, cch ny c gi l Appeggios.

Mt hp m c bao nhiu nt nhc?

Thng thng, hp m c t 3-4 nt nhc. C th c nhiu hn nhng khng ph
bin. Hp m 3 c gi l Triad.

Hp m khc vi m giai th no?

m giai l tp hp mt chui nt theo th t, ngi ta quan tm ti tnh l thuyt ca

m giai.
Hp m ch mang mt vi nt (3-4 nt) trong mt m giaiv ngi ta quan tm ti
sc thi v tnh thc tin nhiu hn.

C tt c bao nhiu hp m?

C nhiu, rt nhiu hp m. Tuy nhin iu ny khng qu quan trng.

Ti phi hc thuc lng tt c hp m sao? Nhiu qu, khng th nh

ht c
Bn ng lo lng v iu ny. iu chng ta ang c gng tm hiu y l lm sao
nm chc c cu trc ca chng. Khi nm c th vic ty c ng bin v
s dng chng hon ton theo bn.
bi sau, chng ta s bt u i su vo tm hiu b hp m cn bn nht, triad.
thc hin phng chm Nhc l d hiu nht c th, xin cc bn hy cng gp
sc xy dng trang web bng cch li cu hi vo bt k ch no bn cm thy
li gii thch khng tho mn c bn.
S ng gp ca bn s l sc mnh lan to tri thc v am m m nhc ca chng
ta.
Cm n bn rt nhiu

Incoming search terms:

bn nhc co not trong vang

cach rai hop am la thu tren piano

huong dan cach lam quen not nhac

tai sao phai co hop am tren orrgan

Hp m 3 (Triads)
y nh th phi c mng, nu khng chng ta s khng c g vng chc
t cc cu trc khc ln trn. Hp m cng vy Triad, hp m 3, c th
xem l nn mng cn bn bn xy dng tt c nhng hp m sau ny.
Trong bi vit ny chng ta s cng nhau tm hiu n.

Triad
Mt Triad l mt b 3 nt c xp chng ln nhau. 3 v tr ny lun lun c nh
trong bt k hp m no, n quen thuc n ni khi nhc ti hp m th ngi ta lun
lun cp ti v tr ca chng trc tin.
- Nt gc
- Qung 3, c cao hn mt qung 3 so vi nt gc
- Qung 5, c cao hn mt qung 5 so vi nt gc.

3 v tr ca mt hp m
Hmmm, rt n gin phi khng. Vy bn c nhn ra l do ti sao li c nhiu hp
m cha? Chnh l nhng v tr qung 3 hay qung 5 y. V nh ta tm hiu
trc, qung 3 th s c qung 3 trng hay th. Qung 5 th s c qung 5 ng,
qung tng, qung gim. V c mi kt hp nh vy th ta s c mt dng hp m
khc nhau.
Tuy ch c cu to l I,III,V. tuy nhin bn hy lu rng cu trc ny l cc k c bn
cho hu ht tt c cc hp m m chng ta s dng. Ging nh mng cn nh y,
bn mun xy nh kiu g, my tng my gian. u phi da trn mng nh. Cn
tt c cc b phn khc c th ty gn thm vo phn mng .
Tuy nhin, mng th cng c nhiu kiu phi khng
Rt may l trong m nhc
chng ta s ch cn quan tm ti 4 kiu mng nh thi. l:
- Hp m trng (major)
- Hp m th (minor)
- Hp m tng (augmented)
- Hp m gim (diminished)
Chng ta s tm hiu chi tit trong nhng bi tip theo v tng loi. Tuy nhin, c mt
vi im th v m chng ta hy ch . S gip ch cho cc bn rt nhiu trong nhng
bi sau.
1. Bn tm hiu bi v so snh m giai. Bn c cn nh m giai trng v th
khc nhau nh th no khng? Khi chng ta b ht cc v tr khc v ch so snh
I,III,V. Bn s thy chng hon ton ging nhau, ch khc bc III.
Tht vy, m giai th s c bc 3 th. m giai trng th s c bc 3 trng.
Hp m cng vy. Trng hay th ca mt hp m s iu chnh v tr bc 3 ca
hp m .
2. Tng t nh vy, chng ta cha gii thch v tng v gim. Nhng bn c th
on ra l tnh cht tng hay gim s iu chnh v tr bc 5 ca hp m .
3. im c bit na, l hu ht cc hp m khc s c xy dng da trn hp
m 3. Ngha l hp m d c tn g i na th u lun ly 1 trong 4 dng hp m 3
lm gc. Sau ta s thm tht cc nt hoa m vo to ra nhng hp m khc.
Nh vy th rt d cho bn hc ng khng no. Ch cn nm chc hp m 3 v bit
cc nguyn tc thm tht kia l bn d sc x l tt c ri.
Chng ta s tip tc vi bi vit v tt c cc dng hp m khc nh.
thc hin phng chm Nhc l d hiu nht c th, xin cc bn hy cng gp
sc xy dng trang web bng cch li cu hi vo bt k ch no bn cm thy
li gii thch khng tho mn c bn.
S ng gp ca bn s l sc mnh lan to tri thc v am m m nhc ca chng
ta.
Cm n bn rt nhiu

Incoming search terms:

can thuoc not trong hop am

gam nhac ly

Gi tn hp m l bit cu to
ng nh tiu ca bi vit. Trong phn ny, chng ta s cng nhau tm
hiu v tn gi ca mt hp m. Tn gi ny rt quan trng v n s cho ta
bit rt nhiu thng tin v hp m .
Chc hn bn tng rt e ngi khi nhn thy nhng k hiu hp m ht sc phc
tp, v d nh Cdim, Absus7, E#m3..
Trng vy thi, nhng chng cng nh chi ghp hnh vy. Mi k t mang mt
ngha, bn ch cn bit tn gi cc ming ghp v ghp chng li th s c hp m
m bn mun.
Vy trong bi vit ny chng ta s cng nhau tm hiu v cu to v tn gi ca hp
m, sn sng cho nhng bi sau nh.

Tn gi ca hp m
Mi hp m s c mt tn gi ring da vo cu to ca chng. T n gin (vd:
C,Cm,A7) n phc tp hn nh (Caug7, CM7+5). Tuy nhin, chng u lun cha 5
nhm thng tin sau. Bn hy ch k v y chnh l cha kha chng ta theo sut
chng ny y.
1. Nt gc (root note)
2. Loi hp m (chord quality) nh trng, th
3. V tr ca qung 5 (tng hay gim)
y l 3 yu t cn bn nht m bt c hp m no cng c.
4. Ta mun b sung mt nt no vo hp m c bn th vit qung vo . (Vd: 7,
M7)
5. Cc nt thm vo nhng vt qu qung 8 (VD: 9, 12 v.v.)

K hiu ca cc loi.
Nh trnh by trong bi trc, hp m no cng c xy dng da trn cc triad.
Do ta c th tm chia tn ca hp m thnh 2 nhm.
- Tn ca triad
- Tn ca cc ph gia thm vo triad .

1. Tn ca triad
Mt triad bt k li u cha thng tin ca 3 bc. Bc I,III,V
Nu l hp m trng (Major) th s khng c k hiu g thm vo
Nu l hp m th (minor) th hp m s c k t m thm vo ngay sau nt gc.
VD1: Hp m trng k hiu l C. Khi nhn vo y chng ta s phn tch nh
sau:
Nt gc: C
Bc 3: trng (l qung 3 trng, khng c du hiu g km theo)
Bc 5: Khng tng khng gim => Qung 5 ng khng c du hiu g km theo
VD2: Abm => La ging th
Nt gc: La ging
Bc 3: m => th => qung 3 l qung 3 th.
Bc 5: Qung 5 ng v khng thy du hiu g km theo.

2. Tn gi ca cc nt b sung:
Thng thng th cc nt b sung ny s c k hiu bng s qung ca nt b
sung .
Qung ph bin nht c thm vo l qung 7. Nhng ngoi ra cn c cc qung
khc nh 6, 9, 13
VD: Cmaj7 : L hp m C cng thm nt nhc qung 7. C th
l C-E-G-B (thay v ch c C-E-G th by gi s c thm mt nt bc 7)
Tng kt
trnh lm ngi c cm thy phc tp, Chng ta s tm hiu chi tit cc hp m
ny trong tng bi vit phn tch c th.
Tuy nhin, chng ta c lm quen vi ht tt c cc k hiu ca chng. V cch s
dng ca mi loi s c phn tch chi tit trong tng bi vit.
- m hay min, cho th
- trng, M hoc maj, cho trng
- +, or aug l tng (lu , khng c dng A k hiu cho hp m tng)
- o, , dim l gim
- dom l k hiu cho hp m t (s c phn tch sau)
thc hin phng chm Nhc l d hiu nht c th, xin cc bn hy cng gp
sc xy dng trang web bng cch li cu hi vo bt k ch no bn cm thy
li gii thch khng tho mn c bn.
S ng gp ca bn s l sc mnh lan to tri thc v am m m nhc ca chng
ta.
Cm n bn rt nhiu

Incoming search terms:

Ban nhac co not

nhung hop am piano phuc tap

cac ki hieu hop am organ

cach hoc cau tao hop am de nho

hop am va ten goi cac hop am tren organ

Hop am va viet melody dua vao hop am

Hp m tn gi v k hiu

nhac cho tenhop

Hp m dng Trng
Hp m 3 trng ( Major triad) l hp m ph bin nht trong tt c cc
hp m 3. Hp m ny mang sc thi nh nhng, trong sng v vui ti.

K hiu hp m:
Hp m 3 trng l hp m c n gin nht. Khi k hiu, ngi ta ch ghi tn ca
nt gc.
V d:

Bn ng nhm ln hp m v nt nhc nh. Khi ai a cho bn 1 sheet nhc trn

c ghi ch C, F, G => y l hp m, khng phi nt nhc

Cu to ca hp m
Trc ht, bn cn phi nh li nhng g chng ta tm hiu trong bi v qung.
Hp m 3 trng c to thnh t 3 nt nhc: nt gc, qung 3 trng, qung 5
ng
V d: vi hp m C ( trng), ngha l hp m trng c nt gc l nt C.
Nh vy, trng s c 3 nt : nt gc: C

trng
- Qung 3 trng , c gi tr l 2 cung => v tr cch C hai cung l E ( 2 cung )
- Qung 5 ng c gi tr l 3,5 cung => v tr cch C 3,5 l E G
Nh vy. C trng s gm 3 nt nhc: C,E v G.
Mt cch khc: ni v hp m trng l gm Nt gc, qung 3 trng, qung
3 th chng ln.
Ngha l: Nt gc C
Qung 3 trng ( 2 cung) tnh t C => E
Qung 3 th ( 1,5 cung) tnh t E => G
Ch : Hp m 3 trng l hp m duy nht c cha cng thc ny: 1,3,5
Nh vy, s c 12 hp m 3 trng tng ng vi 12 nt gc, tt c u c chung cng thc
1,3,5 v khc nhau nt gc.

S dng hp m trng
cng ging nh tt c nhng hp m khc, bn c th chi hp m theo cch nh
cng lc c 3 nt hoc ri rc tng nt.
ging nh 1 ting cy, bn c th ni cng lc cay hoc nhn tng ch c, ,
y hay bin tu thnh c a y a cty thuc vo cm nhn ca bn.
ch cn lu nhn mnh v nt gc l n.
thc hin phng chm Nhc l d hiu nht c th, xin cc bn hy cng gp
sc xy dng trang web bng cch li cu hi vo bt k ch no bn cm thy
li gii thch khng tho mn c bn.

S ng gp ca bn s l sc mnh lan to tri thc v am m m nhc ca chng

ta.
Cm n bn rt nhiu

Incoming search terms:

cc nt nhc c bn tren khuon nhac

3trng bang bao nhiu cung

Hp m c trng

Hp m dng th
Tng t nh hp m trng, hp m th cng l mt triad, cu to gm 3
nt. hp m th mang sc thi nh nhng, nhng bun v su sc, lng
ng.

K hiu hp m:
Hp m th c quy c bng ch ci u, tng trng cho nt gc. Phn ui (sc
thi) l ch m vit tt ca ch minor ngha l th.
V d:
Cm _ Do th
Am _ La th

Cu to
Hp m th gm c 3 nt: Nt gc, qung 3 th v qung 5 ng.
V d:
Hp m th l Cm, vi nt gc l nt C;
qung 3 th l 1,5 cung l nt E;
qung 5 ng 3,5 cung l nt G.
Hoc, tng t nh cch chng qung trong hp m trng, ta c th gi hp m th
gm c:

So snh C major v minor

- Nt gc
- Qung 3 th
- Qung 3 trng
Bn s thy ngay l hp m th v trng c cu to gn ging nhau ( nt gc,
qung 3, qung 5). im khc nhau duy nht l qung 3 trng ( 2 cung) v qung 3
th (2,5 cung). Nh vy, hp m th v trng ch khc nhau na cung m thi.

thc hin phng chm Nhc l d hiu nht c th, xin cc bn hy cng gp
sc xy dng trang web bng cch li cu hi vo bt k ch no bn cm thy
li gii thch khng tho mn c bn.
S ng gp ca bn s l sc mnh lan to tri thc v am m m nhc ca chng
ta.
Cm n bn rt nhiu

Incoming search terms:

tim hieu nhac li co ban

hieu biet ve am nhac

Hop am major va minor

hp m piano bi happy birthday

hop am tuong hop am thu

Hc hp m nhc

kho nhc l

trong hop am C C cach E 1 cung la gi

Hp m 7
Bn lm quen vi 2 dng hp m 3 ri phi khng. i khng kh mt
cht, chng ta s cng nhau tm hiu v mt trong nhng dng hp m hay
c s dng nht tip theo. Hp m 7.

Hp m 7
Nu bn chi nhc mt thi gian th bn s thy rng, ngoi trng v th ra th dng
hp m c s dng nhiu tip theo chnh l hp m 7. Gn nh bi ht no d l
theo m giai trng hay th th cng c ha thm mt vi on s dng hp m 7.
Vy hp m 7 l g? Cu to ca n ra sao? C nhiu bn nhm ln rng ch c mt
dng hp m 7. Nhng thc ra, hp m 7 khng phi l mt dng, n ch l tn gi
cho mt dng h hp m
c cu to gn gn nh nhau. Thm ch cch chng ta
gi hp m 7 khng thi th cng cha hon ton chnh xc v nhc l u. Tuy
nhin, hy cng nhau tm hiu ta sai ch no ch. Sau bn s hiu r v khng
bao gi nhm ln na.

Cu to.
Xt v cu to, th hp m 7 khng phi l triad, m cn ti 4 nt c th to thnh
hp m.
Nu cc bn cn nh nhng g chng ta ni trong phn triads th hon ton n
gin thi. Cu to ca bt k hp m no cng u hnh thnh t 1 triad gc v sau
l cc nt thm vo.
Hp m 7 cng tng t nh vy. Khi gi tn hp m 7, chng ta s gi tnh cht ca
triad gc vi cc v tr
I III V v sau thm vo mt nt v tr th VII
Rt n gin phi khng.
Bn cnh , cn mt vn m chng ta ni ti trn l dng h hp m. Do
, hp m 7 loi no th cn ph thuc vo yu t triad gc ca n l g.
Trong bi vit ny, chng ta s ln lt tm hiu hp m 7 vi triad gc trng, triad
gc th, v t m (dominant) th khc nhau nh th no.

Hp m 7 trng (major seventh)

K hiu: maj7, hoc M7
Nhn thy tn hp m l bn c th on ra ri ng khng. Hp m ny c triad
gc l mt hp m Trng thng thng, v thm vo mt nt bc 7.
cho d nhn, chng ta hy quan st hnh minh ha:
VD: Hp m Cmaj7 s bao gm 4 nt C-E-G-B (nt bc 7 l B)
Ta ch cn ly y nguyn hp m trng, thm vo mt nt bc 7 l xong.

Cu to I-III-V-VII

Hp m 7 th (minor seventh)
K hiu: min7, hoc m7
Hon ton tng t, ta ch cn ly hp m th, sau gn bc 7 ca m giai th vo
l xong. Tuy nhi, hy lu l l bc 7 ca m giai th s ch c 5 cung, trong khi hp
m trng c ti 5,5 cung v tr s 7.
V d: Hp m Cm7 gm 5 nt C- Eb G Bb
Trong , C Eb- G l cc nt ca hp m Cm, v Bb l bc 7 ca m giai th.

Hp m 7 th

Hp m 7 t m (dominant)
Ti sao li c 1 th nghe c v phin phc nh vy y nh? Nu bn hi nh vy
th cng bnh thng thi, v c l rt t bn tng nghe ti ci gi l 7 dominant.
Tuy nhin thc ra y mi chnh l hp m 7 m chng ta vn thng s dng. C
l v tn gi di trong khi li c s dng qu thng xuyn, nn ngi ta b bt
i v ch gi tt l hp m 7 nn chng ta khng .
Vy, hp m 7 ny c g c bit m n li c s dng nhiu nh vy.
Chng ta s khng i vo chi tit v kh nng ha m ca hp m 7. Tuy nhin
cho d hiu, m sc ca hp m 7 thng c miu t l hi kh rp, thm ch l c
phn bc bi. nhng chnh cm gic dn nn cn c gii ta y li to ra mt hiu
ng rt c o trong m nhc. bn hy hnh dung mnh b dn n trc mt khe
vc rt su, mi bc chn n gn hn th bn cng hiu rng sm hay mun bn
s phi thc hin c nhy sang b bn kia. Bn cng chn ch, cng st mp vc
th cm gic bc bi y cng tng ln mnh lit v khi bn tung mnh p xung pha
bn kia th mi cm gic kia u bin mt, nhng ch cho mt s trn vn hon
ton mi.
Chnh v vy, Hp m 7 c miu t nh mt th p chn nc v van x nc cho
dng chy ca bn nhc vy.
K hiu:
7, dom7
Cu to: Hp m 7 t m s c cu to ging vi hp m 7 trng. Tuy nhin, bc 7
ca chng ta s phi gim xung na cung, thay v l 5,5 cung th s l 5 cung thi.
VD: C7 gm cc nt C E G Bb
Trong gm cc nt C E- G ca hp m trng v nt Bb bc 7 h xung na
cung.

Hp m 7 t m

 thc hin phng chm Nhc l d hiu nht c th, xin cc bn hy cng gp
sc xy dng trang web bng cch li cu hi vo bt k ch no bn cm thy
li gii thch khng tho mn c bn.
S ng gp ca bn s l sc mnh lan to tri thc v am m m nhc ca chng
ta.
Cm n bn rt nhiu

Incoming search terms:

Bang hop

cach nho cac hop am trong khuong nhac

day doc ky hieu not nhac trong sach nhac organ

not Bb gom hop am

Hp m tng/gim
bi trc, chng ta trnh by qua v 3 loi hp m cn bn nht v
c s dng kh ph bin ri.
trong bi ny chng ta s tip tc vi hp m tng v hp m gim.

Cu trc
Mt ln na chng ta nhc li tm quan trng ca triads trong cu to ca hp m.
Hu ht cc hp m c s dng ngy nay c cu trc c xy dng da trn nn
tng l mt triads.
Triads th thng c cu trc bc I,III,V trong m giai. V nh chng ta tm hiu t
u chng n by gi, tnh cht trng hay th ca mt hp m s thay i v tr
bc III th by gi, tng hay gim s thay i v tr ca bc V trong hp m ca chng
ta.

Hp m tng (augmented)
C l khng cn phi gii thch th bn cng c th hiu c rng tng y c
ngha l bc V ca chng ta trong triads, thay v l qung 5 ng th s l qung 5
tng, tng thm na cung.
K hiu: aug,+,+5
Trong aug vit tt cho augmented, hoc +5 tng ng vi bc 5 s c + thm
na cung.
Hy quan st v d. Caug gm 3 nt C E G# Trong bc 5 l nt sol s tr thnh
sol thng

Hp m tng vi bc 5 c tng thm na cung

Hp m gim:
Hon ton tng t, nhng ln ny hp m gim s c bc V gim na cung so vi
thng thng. Thay v l qung 5 ng t nt gc th s l qung 5 gim.
K hiu:,o, , dim
Trong dim vit tt cho diminished
Hy quan st v d: Cdim gm 3 nt C E Gb. Trong bc 5 l nt Sol s tr thnh
Sol ging

Hp m gim vi bc 5 l qung 5 gim

thc hin phng chm Nhc l d hiu nht c th, xin cc bn hy cng gp
sc xy dng trang web bng cch li cu hi vo bt k ch no bn cm thy
li gii thch khng tho mn c bn.
S ng gp ca bn s l sc mnh lan to tri thc v am m m nhc ca chng
ta.
Cm n bn rt nhiu

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