Aakash Educational Services Ltd

Ray Optics 1727

4.

5.

(c)

20.

(c)

A convergent lens of focal length 100 cm.

21.

(c) A lens shows opposite behaviour if medium lens

22.
23.

(a) A concave lens always forms virtual image for real objects.
(d)

(a) Focal length of the combination can be calculated as

1
1
1
1
1
1
200

F
cm
F
f1
f2
F (40 ) (25 )
3

P
6.

(d)

I
O

100
100

1.5 D
F
200 / 3

4f

24.

(a)

(b) In each case two plane-convex lens are placed close to each
1 1 1
.
other, and
F f1 f2
(a) Power of the combination P P1 P2

12 2 10 D

100 100

10 cm
P
10
(c) Resultant focal length =
It behaves as a plane slab of glass.
R
10
30
(c) f
1.33 .
( 1)
( 1)

(d)

1 1 1
1
1

F 30
F f1 f2 60 (20 )

26.

(a)

fwater 4 fair , air lens is made up of glass.

27.

(b)

1
1
1
1
1
100
1

F
cm metre
F f1 f2 20 25
9
9

10.
11.
12.

(c) In case of convex lens if rays are coming from the focus, then
the emergent rays after refraction are parallel to principal axis.
(d) Because to form the complete image only two rays are to be
passed through the lens and moreover, since the total amount
of light released by the object is not passing through the lens,
therefore image is faint (intensity is decreased).

f f
10 (10 )
100
f 1 2

f1 f2 10 (10 ) 10 10

13.

(b)

14.

(c) Focal length of the combination

1 1
1
1
1

F 14 cm
F f1
f2
(84 ) (12 )

P
15.

(b)

16.

(d)

17.

18.

19.

100 100
50

D
F
14
7

1 1
1

v 20 cm
10 v (20 )

25.

Focal length of the combination

9.

1 1 1
(Given u 20 cm, f 10 cm, v ? )
f v u

100
100
P2

3 .75 D
f2
80 / 3

8.

28.

(a)

1 1 1 1 1 2


f v f / 2 v f f

1 1
v
f
and m

2
u f /2
v
f
So virtual at the focus and of double size.

29.

(a)

1
1
1

( 1)

f
R
R
2
1
Given R1 20 cm, R 2 20 cm , 1.5

f 20 cm . Parallel rays converge at focus. So L=f.

30.

(c)

air lens water i.e., 1 lens 1.33

31.

(c)

1
1
1

( 1)

f
R
R
2
1

O I1 I2 4 16 8 cm

For biconvex lens R2 R1

32.

f
fl ( a g 1)
(1.5 1)
l
fl 60 cm

15 1.5
fa (l g 1)

4 /3

33.

(d)

34.

(c)

m1

(c)

fl (a g 1)

fl if l g 1 a l a g .
fa (l g 1)

1
D 9D
1/9

1 1 1
f
)
(Given u
f v u
2

fl (a g 1)
f
(1.5 1)
fw 32 cm

w
fa (l g 1)
fa 1.5

1.33

(c) If n l n g then the lens will be in more denser medium.

Hence its nature will change and the convex lens will behave
like a concave lens.
(d)

2f

2f

1
1
1
1
1
1
80

f2 cm
F
f1
f2
80 20 f2
3
Power of second lens

7.

I1 v
I
u
and 2 O 2 I1 I2
O u
O v

1 1 1
P
P
1
1 2
f 100 cm
f
f1 f2 100 100 100

1
2
( 1)
f
R

Given R f , so no focus at real distance.

(d)

R
15

25 cm
( 1) (1 .6 1)

100 100

4 D
f
25

1
1
and . Hence f and r v
( 1)

A1
A
and m 2 2
O
O

m1m 2

Also it can be proved that m1 m 2 1

A1 A 2
O2

Aakash Educational Services Ltd

1728 Ray Optics
So O
35.

A1 A2

(b) Combined power P P1 P2 6 2 4 D . So focal length

(b)

1
1 1

60
f1 f2
and

51.

(c) Focal length of effective lens

1 2 1
2 1
f

F l
F fl fm
fl
2
52.

(i)

(a)

2f

1
1 1 10

30
f1 f2 f1 f2

(ii)

(c) For an achromatic combination

1
f1

2
f2

2f

53.

(a)

(d)

39.

(b) Since aperture of lens reduces so brightness will reduce but

their will be no effect on size of image.
(d) Convex mirror and concave lens do not form real image. For
concave mirror v u , so image will be enlarged, hence only
convex lens can be used for the purpose.

42.

43.

f
1
30
u 150 cm

f u
4 30 u
(c) Covering a portion of lens does not effect position and size of
image.
(a)

g a 1 R1

(b)

I
f v
I
(25 75 )

2 I 3 cm
O
f
1. 5
25

55.

(a)

P P1 P2 , if P1 P2 P P P / 2 2 D.

56.

(b)

57.

(a)

(c) Size of image = f = 0.5 (1 10 ) = 0.5 mm

45.

(d)

46.

(d)

47.

(c)

59.

(d)

60.

(c) Total power P P1 P2 11 6 5 D

(a)

Also

(a g 1)
fl (a g 1)
P

a
fa (l g 1)
Pl (l g 1)

5
(1 .5 1)

Pl 0 .625 D
Pl (1 .5 / 1 .6 1)

(b) For first case :

1
f
5 (15 )
1
f2 9 cm
2
f2
3
f2

1 1 1
f v
f v
1
1
1

f 10 cm
f ( f 5) ( f 20 )

Alternative sol. f 2 x1 x 2 f 10cm.

R
R

2R
( 1) (1.5 1)

w1 f2 w2 f1 0
49.

61.

R
R
30
R 30 cm
2( 1)
2(1 .5 1)

For second case

w1 w2

0
f1
f2

1
1
1
1

1D
f1 f2 (0 .5) (1)

P P1 P2

f f2
1
1
F
f1 f2

(b) For achromatic combination,

(a)

3
1
fl (a g 1)
5
2

fa (l g 1)
3/2
2
1

5 /4

5 12 5
30 cm
fl fa
2
2

48.

Image

( f = R)

58.

f
Object

fl
1.5 1
1.75 0.50
a g 1
=

3.5
1
.
5
fa

1
0.25
l g
1
1.75
Hence on immersing the lens in the liquid, it behaves as a
converging lens of focal length 3.5 R.

f 15 cm , so behaves as concave lens.

44.

R
60

100 cm.
( 1) (1 .6 1)

fl 3.5 fa fl 3.5 R

1 2 2
1
R2 3
10
3

f' n 1
n'
fn' (n 1)
f'

f
1
n n'
n'n

54.

1 n 1 1
1
1 n n' 1
1
and

f 1 R1 R 2
f ' n' R1 R 2

1 2
1
1
2 1

F 10 cm
F fl
fm
F 20

38.

(a)

2f

Ratio of focal length of new plano convex lenses is 1 : 1

i.e. 1 convex lens and 1 concave lens.

41.

Principle
axis

Hence f1 20 cm and f2 30 cm

40.

2f

On solving (i) and (ii) f1 f2 600 and f1 f2 10

37.

R
40
f
31 cm
2( 1)
2(1.65 1)

(b)

1 1
of combination F m
P 4
36.

50.

62.

(b)

D2 x 2
(Focal length by displacement method)
4D

(100 )2 (40 )2
21 cm
4 40

100 100

5D
f
21

Aakash Educational Services Ltd

Ray Optics 1729

1 1 1
1
1
1


v 10 cm
f v u
5 v (10 )

63.

(d)

64.

(d) / f 2 / f ' f ' 2 f

65.

(d)

66.

(a)

67.

(d)

R
R
10
R 12 cm
2( 1)
2(1.6 1)

P P1 P2 2.50 3.75 1.25 D

100
80 cm
1.25
fl
a g 1

fl 4 R
fa
l g 1

So f
68.

(c)

69.

(c)

fl
ag 1

fa
lg 1

a g

70.

(b)

1
1
and
1

71.

(d)

1 1 1
1
1

0 .75 D
F f1 f2 (0 .8 ) (0 .5)

72.

(b) According to lens makers formula

85.

(c)

1
1
1
1
( 1)
( 1)

f
R
R
f
2
1

(c)
(b) Nature of lens changes, if mediume lens

88.

(a)

f
1
f

u (n 1) f
( f u)
n ( f u)

(c)

75.

(a)

P P1 P2 2 D 4 D 2 D.

76.

(c)

77.

(a)

1 2 1
f

. Here fm , hence F 10 cm
F
f fm
2

78.

(b)

O I1 I2 O 4 9 6 cm

79.

(b)

P P1 P2 P 6 4 2 D. So focal length

100
= + 50 cm; convex lens
2

80.

(d)

R
2( 1) 2(1.5 1)
P

5 D
2( 1)
R
0. 2

81.

(c)

1
1
f
2m
f
0.5

82.

(a)

83.

(d)

84.

(a)

fl a g 1
f
(1.4 1)

l
fl 12 .8 cm

1.4
fa l g 1
4
1
1.6
1
1
1
1
1

F 18 cm
F f1 f2
F (18 )
fl (a g 1)
R
15

12 .5
; f
fa (l g 1) a 2( g 1) 2(1.6 1)

1
1
1

f 18 .75 cm ; convex lens.

f 75 25
ff
F 1 2 , F will be negative if f1 f2
f2 f1

89.

(a)

90.

(b)

91.

(b)

1
1
1
( 1)

f
R1 R 2

R
10

10 cm
2( 1) 2(1.5 1)

1
1
1
R2 15 cm
(1.5 1)

10

7
.
5
R
2

R
R
f
, f
f 2 f
2( 1)
( 1)

92.

(d)

93.

(c) m = 3, using m

94.

(a)

1
1
1

F 18 cm (i.e. concave lens)

F 18 ( 9)

95.

(c)

O I1 I2 8 2 4 cm

96.

(c)

97.
98.
99.

(c)
(a) fw 4 fa 4 12 48 cm.
(d) By using lens formula
1
1
1
1 1
1
4 3
v 48 cm

16 v (12 )
v 12 16
48

f
f u
f
For virtual image 3
.....(i)
f 8
f
For real image 3
.....(ii)
f 16
Solving (i) and (ii) we get f 12 cm

Always keep in mind that whenever you are asked to compare

(greater than or less than) u, v or f you must not apply sign
conventions for comparison.
(a) Since light transmitting area is same, there is no effect on
intensity.

74.

u 25 cm, v 75 cm

Since Red violet fv fr and Fv Fr

73.

100 100

100 cm
P
1

86.
87.

f
1.5 1
l
fl 5 cm

1.5
2
a g
1
1
1.25
a l

fl
(1.6 1)

fl 407 .5 cm
12 .5 1.6

1.63

P P1 P2 P 2 (1) 1D,

100 100
100
100

6D
f1
f2
(25 ) (10 )

Virtual
object

Real
Image

P
u = 12 cm

100.

(a)

v 25 d
P P1 P2 dP1 P2 P 10

For P to be negative 25 d 10

d 0.4 m or d 40 cm
101.
102.

f
f
m 1
m
u
f
f u
f u
m
(d) Number of images = (Number of materials)
(a)

Aakash Educational Services Ltd

1730 Ray Optics
103.

(c) For lens (1)

117.

1 1 1
1
1
1


f v u
(8) v (12)

v 24 cm i.e. Image A' B' is obtained 6 cm before the

lens 2 or at the focus of lens 2. Hence final image formed by
lens 2 will be real enlarged and it is obtained at .
f1 = 8 cm

f1 =6 cm

(a)

m A (m1 )2 so that A A0 16 1600 cm 2

118.

(d) u 10 cm, v 20 cm

1 1 1
1 1 3
20


f
cm
f v u 20 10 20
3
Now P

(c)

1
1
1

F
f1
f2

6 cm
1 1u =12 1cm 1
124 cm 1
1
30 cm
F f1 f2
F 80 50

120.

(b)

3
400
P
D
3
4

121.

(c) Using refraction formula

(d)

F
105.

(a) By using formula

2
v

1
u

2 1
R

1.5
1
(1.5 1)

v 30 cm .
v
(15 )
30
Negative sign shows that, image is obtained on the same side of
object i.e. towards left.
106.

(c) By using

107.
108.
109.

(b)
(a)
(d)

So

(a g 1)
fl

fw 4 fa 4 30 =120 cm.
fa (l g 1)
122.
2f

123.

124.

(b)

(c)

112.
113.

(c) Since intensity (Aperature) , so intensity of image will

decrease but no change in the size occurs.
(c) In liquids converging ability (power) of convex lens decreases.

114.

(d) Since f

.
2

lens.
(a) Focal length for voilet is minimum.

116.

(c)

1 1 1
2
1

v = 6 cm.
v 12 4
12
6
f
f
20
u = 30 cm.
2

u f u 20
u f

R
30
=10 cm

2
2 1. 5

1
1
1

( 1)

f
R
R
2
1

(d) m

m
126.

(c)

1 1 1
1
1

f 1.25 inch
f v u 5 1

1
2
f
1
30
u 90 cm

u f
2 u 30

1
1
1

( 1)

f
R1 R2
1
1
1 1
(1.6 1)

f 100 cm
f
60 100

v
5 v 5 inch (Given u = 1 inch)
u

Using sign convention u 1 inch, v 5 inch

125.

, so voilet colour is focused nearer to the

115.

Radius of curvature of concave mirror = 2f = 20 cm.

111.

1 1.5 1 1.5
0.5 1 1

6
v
6
6
v 4

1 1
1
= (1.5 1)
f = 10 cm

10 10 10

= 0.5

1
1
1
1
1
1

.5

u
6
1.5 v 6

In order to have a real image of the same size of the

object, object must be placed at centre of curvature u =
(2 f ).

50cm

g a

and

(a) Focal length of the system (concave mirror)

(b) Diameter of image d 0.5

500 = 4.36 mm
180

g a

1 2

(d) For real image m 2

2f

R
R 2 f( 1) 2 0.2 (1.5 1) =0.2m.
2 ( 1)

1 1 2 1

R
v
u
in given case, medium (1) is glass and (2) is air

110.

100
100

15 D
f
20 / 3

119.

104.

mL 4

1
1
1
(1.5 1)
F 40 cm .
F
20

127.

(d)

128.

(b) For minimum spherical and chromatic aberration distance

between lenses.

Aakash Educational Services Ltd

Ray Optics 1731

d f1 f2 0.3 0.1 0.2 m .

129.

(b)

141.

fl
(1.5 1) 1.7
ag 1

fa

1
(1.5 1.7)
l g

fl
(c)

131.

f fV
f f
R V
(b) R
fy
fV fR

solving above equations be get f1 30 cm, f2 45 cm

Putting value of fV and fR we get 0.0325 .

(b)

142.

(b)

143.

(c)

144.

(b)

fl
0.5 1.5 1
a g 1

l g 1 0.2

0.2
fa

1
l g 1
l g

P1 P2 2 D and P1 5 D, so P2 3 D

1 p2
3 3

2 p1
5 5

145.

1
1
and
1

(b)

134.

(d)

P P1 P2 12 2 10 D

135.

1
1
Now F
m 10 cm .
P 10
(b) Focal length for voilet colour is minimum

136.

(d)

f1 2

f2 3

.....(i)

1 1
1

f1 f2 30

.....(ii)

1.
2.
3.

f2 15 cm

(Concave)

f1 10 cm

(Convex)

a l

1 .5
4
4

5
5
a l

f = 40 cm

( 1) R is least so R is least.

6.

(a) For surface AC

(a) Using P P1 P2 d P1 P2
for equivalent power to be negative
d P1 P2 P1 P2 d 25 10

10
10 100
d 40cm.
m d
25
25
(c) Combination of lenses will act as a simple glass plate.

sin 30
sin e sin 30
sin e
A

1
0.75
2

e = sin 1 (0.75 ) 48 o 36
From figure e 30 o
7.
8.

F = 20 cm

o
60o 60

(c)
(c)

9.

90

30
90
30

48 o 36 30 o = 18 o 36
C
B
(a) The black lines in solar spectrum are called Fraunhoffer lines.
A m
sin
A m
2
, But
(d)
i 45 o
A
2
sin
2
So

140.

a g

(b) Neon street sign emits light of specific wavelengths.

(b)
(b)

sin e 1.5

Pa 5

8 8
(b) To obtain, an inverted and equal size image, object must be
paced at a distance of 2f from lens, i.e. 40 cm in this case.

60

Pl

139.

a l

4.
5.

fl (a g 1)

fa (l g 1)

f = 40 cm

90o

1 1. 5 1 0. 5 1. 6
f
l a g

8
fa l g 1 1.5 1
0.1
1.6

138.

Prism Theory & Dispersion of Light

Solving equation (i) and (ii)

(d)

and

15
.
8
(c) Longitudinal chromatic aberration
= f 0.08 20 1.6cm .

133.

l g 0. 8

For achromatic combination

137.

f1

0 .036
3
2

f2
1
0 .024
2

1
1
1

f1 f2
90

and

0.85
fa 4.25 fa .
0.2

130.

132.

(b) For achromatic combination

sin 45 o
1
A
2 sin A 60 o
sin(A / 2)
2
2

(d) We know that

v r

mean

Angular dispersion = v r mean

10.

11.

(d) According to Kirchhoffs law, a substance in unexcited state will

absorb these wavelength which it emits in de-excitation.
(c) By prism formula n

AA
A
A
2 sin cos
2
2
2
A
A
sin
sin
2
2

sin

Aakash Educational Services Ltd

1732 Ray Optics
cos

A n 1. 5

0.75 cos 41 o A 82 o
2 2
2

12.
13.
14.

(b)
(b) depend only on nature of material.
(a) Because achromatic combination has same
wavelengths.

15.

(a) a

D
16.

and for flint glass

for all

d
2b
D ( 23 )b 3
d

(c)
(b)

33.

(a) For dispersion without deviation

sin i
60
sin
2

1
(w g 1) 8
1

(a g 1) 3
4
1
2

17.

(d)

18.

(a) Since A( y 1) A ( y ' 1) 0

19.
20.
21.
22.

(d)
(b)
(a)
(c) From ray diagram
A C for TIR at AC

35.

(d) In minimum deviation position i e

36.

(a)

Yellow Blue Green

(P rimary)

(Secondary)

37.
38.

(b) All colours are reflected.

(a) Effectively there is no deviation or dispersion.

39.

(d) From figure it is clear that e r2 0

y 1
A

y' 1
A

r1 A 45 o

A
A

(a) By the hypothesis, we know that

i1 i2 A 55 46 60 41
o

(a)

25.

(b) m ( 1)A. A angle of prism.

26.
27.
28.
29.

(c)
(c)
(b)
(a) Total deviation = 0

(b) 5 ( 1) A (1.5 1) A A 10 o

42.

(b) (v r )A 0.02 10 0.2

A m
sin

o
2 sin 45 2

sin(A / 2)
sin 30 o

43.

(a)

44.

(c)

45.

(a) For minimum angle of deviation for a prism

V R 1.65 1.61

Y 1
1.63 1

A 2r , A 60 o

( 3 1) A3 ( 4 1) A4 ( 5 1) A5 0

Now

2 A2 (1.6 1) 3 (1.53 1) 9

n nr
(a) The dispersive power for crown glass v
ny 1

3
2

41.
o

1 2 3 4 5 (1 1) A1 ( 2 1) A 2

0 .53 9
A 2 3
11 .9 o
1.2

r1

40.

24.

sin i
sin 60

sin r1 sin 45

60o

Also from i e A 60 0 45 15 o
(b) Deviation is zero only for a particular colour, it is generally
taken to be yellow.

30.

A m
=50
2

(c)

From A r1 r2

90

But m , so m 41

34.

C so A 2C

A y 1

A y 1

A (1.602 1) 0.602
A 122.4'

10 (1.500 1) 0.500

(P rimary)

2 sin 30 sin i i 45 o

23.

1.6852 1.6434
0.064
(1.6499 1)

31.
32.

D' 1
D

D'

D ' 2 8
8

sin i
2
(b)
sin A / 2

w
a

1.5318 1.5140
0.0178

0.034
(1.5170 1)
0.5170

(Cauchy's equation)

and dispersion D

60 30
sin 45 o
1 2
2

2
o
60
sin
30
2 1
sin
2

sin

46.

(c) In minimum deviation condition i e, r1 r2

47.

(b) For dispersion without deviation

A ( 1)
=
A ( 1)

Aakash Educational Services Ltd

Ray Optics 1733

4
(1 .72 1) 0 .72
4 0.54

or A F
3o
A F (1 .54 1) 0 .54
0.72
48.

(a)

A(v r ) A(v r ) 0 o A 5 o

49.

(c)

A r 0 r 30 o

68.

position (n 1)

sin i
sin r

34
(n 1) A
34

or
17 o
(n 1) A
2
2
(b) From figure

69.
r

sin i
i 45 o
sin 30 o
B
C
1.64 1.52 0.12

0.2
(c)
1.6 1
0.6
(c) Because band spectrum can be found in case of molecules
(generally gas).
(a) Solids and liquids give continuous and line spectra. Only gases
are known to give band spectra.
(d)
(d)
(a) Hydrogen is molecular, therefore it gives band spectrum but
not continuous spectrum.
(c)
(a) Dispersion take place because the refractive index of medium
for different colour is different, for example, red light bends
less than violet, refractive index of the material of the prism for
red light is less than that for violet light. Equivalently, we can
say that red light travels faster than violet light in a glass
prism.
(a) We know that i e A e A i

51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.

58.

= 30 o 30 o 60 o 0o
Emergent ray will be perpendicular to the face.
Therefore it will make an angle of 90 with the face through
which it emerges.
(a)

60.
61.
62.

(c)
(c)
(b)

63.

(d) Given i e

75 45 30 o
From Snells law At B

72.
73.

sin i
sin i
i 45 o
2
sin r1
sin 30 o
(c) In both A and B, the refracted ray is parallel to the base of
prism.
(a) According to given conditions TIR must take place at both the
surfaces AB and AC. Hence only option (a) is correct.
(d)
(a)

74.

(b)

70.
71.

A r 0 and

sin i
sin r

sin 2 A
sin A

75.

67.

(c)

A r 0 r 30

sin i sin 45

2
sin r sin 30

45

45o

2
90o
C

45

78.
79.
80.
81.

(b) i

(b)
(b) According to Rayleighs law of scattering, intensity scattered is
inversely proportional to the forth power of wavelength. So red
is least scattered and sun appears Red.
(b)
(d)
(a) Only red colour will be seen in spectrum.

82.
B

surface AC

Hence least 2

66.

45

1
2

76.
77.

(a) From figure it is clear that TIR takes place at

and BC

3
3
A 60 45 o
4
4
In the position of minimum deviation

(d)
(a) Sky appears white due to scattering. In absence of atmosphere
no scattering will occur.
(b)

2A

2 sin A cos A

2 cos A
sin A

sin 45 o sin C

90

r1 C

i.e. 45 o C

2i A m or m 2i A 90 60 30
64.
65.

1
r1 75 sin 1

m ( 1)(2r) (1.5 1) 2r 0.5 2r r

59.

1
A r1 c r1 sin1

50.

A
2

From Snells law at surface AB

(c) By formula (n 1)A 34 (n 1)A and in the second

(a)

A m 60 30

45
2
2

A m
60 60
sin
sin

2
2

A
60

sin
sin

2
2

Aakash Educational Services Ltd

1734 Ray Optics
83.

84.

(b) Because in dispersion of white light, the rays of different

colours are not parallel to each other. Also deviation takes place
in same direction.
(c)

85.

(a)

86.

F C (1.6333 1.6161 )

= 0.0276
( D 1)
(1.622 1)

(c) For total internal reflection C

sin sin C sin

1
1
or

2 1.41
sin
sin 45 o
87.

(c)

88.

(a) (v r )A 0.02 5 o 0.1o

89.

(b)

90.

(b)

A (y 1)
A
(1.54 1)

A (y ' 1)
6
(1.72 1)
A' 4. 5 o 4 o 30

91.

(c)

A m
sin

A
sin
2

60 m
sin

3
60
sin
2

= sin 30 m m 60 o
2
2

95.
96.
97.

(c)

98.

(a)

1
f
2
1 .
2
f2
3

99.

(a)

100.

(c) Since the ray emerges normally, therefore e 0 .

101.

102.

(a) The atoms in the chromosphere absorb certain wavelengths of

light coming from the photosphere. This gives rise to
absorption lines.

(b)

104.
105.
106.

why sky looks blue.

(b) In continuos spectrum all wavelength are present.
(d)
(b) Deviation is greater for lower wavelengths.

A m
sin
2

A

sin
2

60 m

sin
2
2
60

sin
2

60 m
2 sin 30 sin
sin 45 o
2

blue

107.

a (a g 1)
2

(b)

4 w a
w (w g 1) 3 / 2
4
1

4 /3

108.

(a) (v r )A (1.66 1.64 ) 10 o 0.2 o

109.

(b)

110.

(a)

111.

(a)

112.

( v R )
(1.69 1.65 )

0.06
(1.66 1)
( y 1)

V R
3.72 2.84

0.268
Y
3.28

60 30
A m
sin

sin
o
2
2

= sin 45 =1.414

(d)
60
A
sin 30 o
sin
sin
2
2
(a) Rock salt prism is used to see infrared radiations.

114.

(b) For different colours changes so deviation of different colour

is also different.

115.

(a) By using

116.

V R 1.62 1.42

0.4
Y 1
1 .5 1

Hence by ( 1)A , we get i A .

, since is least that's

(a) Intensity of scattered light I

v R 1.62 1.52

0.18
y 1
1.55 1

According to relation A i e , we get i A .

103.

113.

(a) Dispersion is caused due to refraction as depends on .

(c) From colour triangle
(c) Due to the absorption of certain wavelengths by the elements
in outer layers of sun.
(b)
(c)

92.
93.
94.

60 m
sin
m 30 o
2

117.

1
f1

2
f2

0 .02 0 .04

0
f1
40

f1 20 cm
(d) Critical
angle
for
the
material
of
prism
1
A
C sin 1 sin 1 42 o

60o
since angle of incidence at
i =60o
surface
is
AB (60 o )
greater then the critical
B
angle (42 o ) so total C
internal reflection takes
place.
(d) Line and band spectrum are also known as atomic and
molecular spectra respectively.

118.

(d) In minimum deviation i e 30 o , so angle between

emergent ray and second refracting surface is
90 o 30 o 60 o

119.

(c) (v R )A (1.6 1.5) 5 0.5 o

120.

(d)

121.

(a) Sunlight consists of all the wavelength with some black lines.

122.

(d)

1 A1

2 A2
A 30 o , 2 . As we know
A r1 r2 = 0 r2 A r2 .
Applying Snells law for the surface AC
A
i=0
r1 = 0

r2

Aakash Educational Services Ltd

Ray Optics 1735

1 sin r2 sin A
=

sin e sin e

1
2

sin 30 o
e 45 o
sin e

e r2 45 o 30 o 15
A m
A A
sin
2
2 sin A

(c)
A
A
A
sin
sin
sin
2
2
2
A
A
2 sin cos
2
2 2 cos A
=
A
2
sin
2

135.

136.
137.

sin

123.

A
3
A

cos A 60
2
2
2
(d) Light from lamp or electric heater gives continuos spectrum.
A m

sin
2
o
o
(b) A 60 , m 30 so
A
sin
2

125.

139.

(a)

60 30
sin

2
sin 45 2

sin 30
60
sin

143.

(b) In minimum deviation position refracted ray inside the prism is

parallel to the base of the prism.
(b) Angle of refraction will be different, due to which red and
green emerge from different points and will be parallel.

1
1
Also
C sin1 C 45 o
sin C

145.

( 1)

128.

(c) net 0 d d 0

144.

146.

134.

A 60 o , i e 45 o By i e A

45 45 60 30 o
(a) At the time of solar eclipse light received from chromosphere.
The bright lines appear exactly at the places where dark lines
were there. Hence at the time of solar eclipse continuos
spectrum is obtained.
(a) In the morning or evening, the sun is at the horizon and
refractive index in the atmosphere of the earth decreases with
height. Due to this, the light reaching the earth's atmosphere,
bends unequally, and the image of the sun get's distorted and it
appears elliptical and larger.
(c) In Rainbow formation dispersion and TIR both takes place.
(a)

A m
sin

2
(c) Given m A, as
A
sin
2
A A
sin

2 2 cos A A 2 cos1

2
A
2
sin
2

(a)

A 60

30 o
2
2

v r 1.67 1.63
= 0.615.

y 1
1.65 1

(a) Deviation

( = Angular dispersion = . y )

132.
133.

(v R )
(1.69 1.65 )

0.06
( y 1)
(1.66 1)

142.

(c) In minimum deviation position i1 i2 and r1 r2 .

131.

fr fv 0.214 0.200
14
=
.

fy
0.205
205

(a) In minimum deviation condition r

127.

130.

(c) For a lens fr fv fy

141.

(a)

(d)

(b)

3 2 cos

126.

129.

sin i
sin i
2
i 45 o
A
60

sin
sin
2
2
(d) Convex lens, glass slab, prism and glass sphere they all disperse
the light.
(a)

140.

So,

124.

138.

(b) As the prisms Q and R are of the same material and have
identical shape they combine to form a slab with parallel faces.
Such a slab does not cause any deviation.
(c) Angle of prism is the angle between incident and emergent
surfaces.

A m
60 38
sin
2
2

60
A
sin
sin
2
2

sin

sin 49 o
0.7547

1. 5 .
sin 30 o
0. 5

147.

(d) Using i1 i2 A 55 15 i2 60 i2 100 o

148.
149.
150.
151.

(b) Sodium light gives emission spectrum having two yellow lines.
(c) Colour of the sky is highly scattered light (colour).
(a)
(c)

Human Eye and Lens Camera

1.
2.

(c) Man is suffering from hypermetropia. The hole works like a

convex lens.
(a)

3.

(b) In myopia, u , v d distance of far point

4.

1 1 1
, we get f d
f v u
Since f is negative, hence the lens used is concave.
(d) Hypermetropia is removed by convex lens.
By

Convex lens
Retina

Near
point

Aakash Educational Services Ltd

1736 Ray Optics
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

(b)
(c) Cylindrical lens are used for removing astigmatism.
(b)
(a) Image formed at retina is real and inverted.
(d) Visible region decreases, so the depth of image will not be seen.

10.

(a)

11.

(c) If eye is kept at a distance d, then MP

12.

decreases.
(c) For lens u = wants to see =
v = can see = 5 m

L(D d )
, MP
f0 fe

1 1 1
1
1
1

f 5 m.
f v u
f 5
(a) For improving near point, convex lens is required and for this
convex lens
u 25 cm, v 75 cm

(a)
(a)
(a) For viewing far objects, concave lenses are used and for
concave lens

u = wants to see 60 cm ; v = can see 15 cm

1
1 1
1
1
3

3D
f
v u
100 25 100

From

13.

22.
23.
24.

so from
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.

(d)
(a) In short sightedness, the focal length of eye lens decreases and
so the power of eye lens increases.
(d) Colour blindness is a genetic disease and still cannot be cured.
(c) Convexity to lens changes by the pressure applied by ciliary
muscles.
(b)

1
1

1 D
f 1
(c) For correcting myopia, concave lens is used and for lens.
u = wants to see 50 cm

30.

v = can see 25 cm

So power P

14.
15.

1 1
1
1

f 100
100
So the power

100
1D
100

From

(c)

32.

(c)

33.

100
100
10

1.66 D
f
60
6
(b) For correcting the near point, required focal length
f

f 40 cm P
18.

100
2D
50
For correcting the far point, required focal length
f (defected far point) 3 m

v = can see 10 cm

19.
20.

1 1 1
1
1
1

f 12 cm
f v u
f 10 (60 )
(b) Focal length = (Detected far point)
(c) In this case, for seeing distant objects the far point is 40 cm.
Hence the required focal length is
f d (distance of far point) = 40 cm
Power P

21.

(b)

100
100
cm
2.5 D
f
40

1
D 0.33 D
3
(b) Negative power is given, so defect of eye is nearsigntedness
P

34.

36.

1
100

40 cm
p
(2.5)
(a) In myopia, eye ball may be elongated so, light rays focussed
before the retina.
(c)

37.

(d)

38.
39.
40.

(a) Resolving limit of eye is one minute (1').

(d) Because for healthy eye image is always formed at retina.
(a) The defect is myopia (nearsightness)
As we know for myopic person f = (defected far point)

100
2. 5 D
40

(c) For lens u = wants to see 60 cm

50 25
50 cm
(50 25 )

So power P

for near point

17.

f d 60 cm

1
1
1

f 30 cm
f 30

1
1
1

u 30 cm
30 15 u
(c) For myopic eye f = (defected far point)

100
100

2D
f
50

31.

1
in metres)
f
(b) For improving far point, concave lens is required and for this
concave lens u , v 30 cm
So

1 1 1
1
1
1

f 50 cm
f v u
f 25 (50 )

So power P

(Distance is given in cm but P

16.

f d 100 cm 1 m

1
1
1
75

f
cm
f 75 25
2

100
100
8

D
f
75 / 2
3
(b) In short sightedness, the focal length of eye lens decreases, so
image is formed before retina.
(d) The image of object at infinity should be formed at 100 cm
from the eye

1 1 1
f 20 cm .
f v u

Also defected far point f

35.

1
1
1

0.5 D
f (defected far point)
2

Defected far point = f =

= 50 cm

1
1

0 .5 m
P
( 2)

Aakash Educational Services Ltd

Ray Optics 1737
41.

(b) Power of convex lens P1

100
2. 5 D
40

Power of concave lens P2

100
4 D
25

58.
59.

(d) This is the defect of hypermetropia.

(a) For large objects, large image is formed on retina.

60.

(d) v 15cm, u 300 cm,

From lens formula

Now P P1 P2 2.5 D 4 D 1.5 D

42.
43.

(c)
(d)

44.

1
(a) As limit of resolution of eye is , the pillars will be seen
60

1
distinctly if

60

i.e.,

d 1

x 60 180

d
d
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.

52.

55.

60 180

(d) Time of exposure

62.

(a) Light gathering power Area of lens aperture or d

63.

(b) Time of exposure (f . number )2

t 2 4 t1 4

3 .14 11 10 3
d 3. 2 m
60 180

100
100

151 cm
P
0.66
(c) A bifocal lens consist of both convex or concave lenses with
lower part is convex.
(a) For lens u = wants to see = 30 cm
and v = can see = 10 cm
1 1 1
1
1

f 15 cm
f v u
10 (30 )
(a) Focal length = (far point)
(c) For lens u = wants to see = 12 cm
v = can see = 3 m

(d)

1 1 1
1
1
1
P

D
3 (12 )
4
f v u

64.
65.

L
r2
L
L
60
120
10
t 20 sec
So 21 t1 22 t 2
(2) 2
(4 ) 2
r1
r2
100
2. 5 D
40

56.

(a)

57.

(a) Focal length of the lens f

1
1
sec = 0.02 sec.

200 50

Microscope and Telescope

1.

(c) By using m

45

(L fo fe ).D
fo fe

(L 1 5) 25
L 15 cm .
15
1
fo fe

2.

(b) For a compound microscope m

3.

(b) For a compound microscope fobjective feye piece

4.
5.
6.

(b) In microscope final image formed is enlarged which in turn

increases the visual angle.
(b)
(d) Magnification of a compound microscope is given by
v
D
m o
| m | mo me .
uo ue

7.

(c) Magnifying power of a microscope m

1
f

Since fviolet fred ; m violet m red

Here D is constant and I

By lens formula

t 2 5. 6

4
t1 2.8

(d)
(a)

I1 D12 t1 I 2 D22 t 2

f 40 cm and P

1
(Aperture) 2

61.

(b)
(b)
(d)
(d) f = (defected far point) = 20 cm
(b) Power of the lens given positive so defect is hypermetropia.
(b) Far point of the eye = focal length of the lens

100
100 19
= 6.33 D.
cm
f
300

53.
54.

1
1
1
19
300

f
15 .8 cm
f 15 300
300
19

and power P

51.

1 1 1

f v u

100
cm
3

1 1 1

f v u

1
1
1

v 100 cm 1 m
100 / 3 v 25

8.

(a)

L v o fe 14 v o 5 v o 9 cm
Magnifying power of microscope for relaxed eye

m
9.

vo D
9 25
9
.
.
or 25
or u o 1.8 cm
u o fe
uo 5
5

(b) m
From

vo D

u o fe

1
1
1

fo v o u o

1
1
1

v o 30 cm
(1 .2) v o (1.25 )

Aakash Educational Services Ltd

1738 Ray Optics
m
10.

30
25

200
1.25 3

(b) For objective lens

27.
28.

1
1
1

v o 36 cm
(4 ) v o (4.5)

v
m D o
uo
11.

1
1
1

fo v o u o

D 36
24
1
1
32
fe 4.5
8

(a) For a microscope m

vo D

and L v o u e
uo ue

For a given microscope, with increase in L, u will increase and

hence magnifying power (m) will decrease.
(b) In compound microscope objective forms real image while eye
piece forms virtual image.

25
25
fe
100 10 1
cm

f
9
e

(c) A simple microscope is just a convex lens with object lying

between optical centre and focus of the lens.
(d) In general, the simple microscope is used with image at D,
hence
D
25
1
6
f
5

m 1
29.

(d)

30.

(b) Resolving power of microscope

31.

(a) Cross wire arrangement is used to make measurements.

32.

(d) L v o u e

12.
13.

14.

15.

D
f
Smaller the focal length, higher the magnifying power.

(a) In electron microscope, electron beam ( 1 ) is used so its

R.P. is approx. 5000 times more than that of ordinary
microscope ( 5000 ) .
(c) If nothing is said then it is considered that final image is
(L f f ) .D ~ LD
formed at infinite and m o e
fo fe
f0 fe

20 25
400
fe 2.5 cm.
0.5 fe

D
25
1
11 .
f
2.5

16.

(d) m max 1

17.

(a)

18.

(b) m 1

19.
20.

(b)
(b) Like Gallilean telescope.

21.

(a)

22.

(d) A microscope consists of lens of small focal lengths. A telescope

consists of objective lens of large focal length.
(c) m m o m e 25 6 150

23.
24.

D
1 DP (m increases with P)
f

1
fo fe

(a) When final image is formed at infinity,

length of the tube v o fe

15 v o 3 v o 12 cm
For objective lens

1
1
1

fo v o u o

1
1
1

u o 2.4 cm
(2) (12 ) u o

25.

(d) R.P. of microscope

26.

(c)

D
m m o m e m m o 1
fe

LD
10 25
m
500 .
fo fe
0. 5 1

33.

(d) m ~

34.

(c) Intermediate image means the image formed by objective,

which is real, inverted and enlarged.

35.

(d) m

36.

(b) R.P.

37.

(a)

1
fo fe

; Blue Red so (R.P.)Blue (R.P.)Red

38.

D
25
6 1
f 5 cm 0.05 m
f
f
(a) Resolving limit
x

0.1 6000
x 1 1

x 2 0.08 mm
x 2 2
x2
4800

39.

(b) m m o m e 100 5 m e m e 20

40.

(d) m

41.

(d) R.P.

42.

(b) Resolving limit (minimum separation)

m 1

1
P
f
1

(R.P.)1 2 5

(R.P.) 2 1
4

PA
2000

PA PB
PB
3000

43.
44.

(d) Similar to Q.No. 34

(a) For achromatic telescope objective lens, convergent of crown
and divergent of flint is the best combination because
crown flint

45.

(c)

46.

(b) Magnifying power of telescope is

2 sin

2 1.5
6.25 25

11 cm
(2 1.5) (6.25 25 )

(b) m 1

u o fo
f D
e
(u o fo ) fe D

47.

fo
1
, so as
fe
fe

magnifying power increases.

f
(b) Since m o
fe
Also m

Angle subtended by the image

Angle subtended by the object

increases,

Aakash Educational Services Ltd

Ray Optics 1739

48.

fo
f 60 2

24 o
fe

fe
5

67.

52.

(b) Because size of the aperture decreases.

(d) Resolving power aperture.
(c) Telescope is used to see the distant objects. More magnifying
power means more nearer image.
(a) When the final image is at the least distance of distinct vision,
then

fo
f 200
5 200 6
48
1 e
1

fe
D
5
25
55
When the final image is at infinity, then
f
200
m o
40
fe
5
m

53.

54.

(a) In terrestrial telescope erecting lens absorbs a part of light, so

less constant image. But binocular lens gives the proper three
dimensional image.
f
(a) By formula m o
fe

(a)

70.

(b)

R.P.

71.

(c)

72.
73.

(b) Resolving power Aperture

(a) If final image is formed at infinity, then the distance between
the two lenses of telescope is equal to length of tube
fo fe 0.3 0.05 0.35 m

74.

(a) Limit of resolution

(a) Because magnification in this case becomes reciprocal of initial

magnification.
f
80
20 fe 4 cm
(d) m o
fe
fe

76.
77.
78.

Hence length of terrestrial telescope

fo fe 4 f 80 4 4 20 164 cm

(c)

60.

(c) Same as Q. No. 58.

61.

(c)

1
1
0.8 m and fe
0.05 m
1.25
20
| L | | fo | | fe | 0.8 0.05 0.75 m 75 cm
f
0.8
16
and | m | o
fe 0 .05

62.
63.
64.

(a) For greater aperture of lens, light passing through lens is more
and so intensity of image increases.
(b)
(a) Same as Q. No. 58.

65.

f
60
6.
(b) m o
fe 10

66.

(a)

fo fe 54 and

fo
m 8 fo 8 fe
fe

8 fe fe 54 fe
fo 8 fe 8 6 48

54
6
9

1 e
D

1.22 180
(in degree)

fo
100

50 .
fe
2

80.
81.

(c)
(b) Magnifying power of astronomical telescope

fo
f
200
5
1 e
1
48 .
fe
D
5
25

fo

(a)

fo 180

30
fe
6

59.

79.
.... (ii)

Solving (i) and (ii), we get f = 6 cm, fo 30 cm.

1.22 (6000 10 10 ) 180

0.03 sec

(b) Final image formed by astronomical telescope is inverted not

erect.
(d)
(c)
(b) For normal vision (relaxed eye), the image is formed at infinity.
Hence the magnifying power of Gallilean telescope
f
200
o
100 .
fe
2

.... (i)

and length of telescope fo fe 36

fo
fe

56.

fo
5
fe

fo
19 f = 76 and f = 4 cm.
fe

69.

75.

(d) In this case m

fo fe 80 and

(c)

(b) In telescope fo fe as compared to microscope.

58.

fo 15

2 .5
fe
6

68.

55.

57.

fo fe 9 cm and fe fo 9 15 9 6 cm
m

d
0.1

(d) Resolving power

1.22 1.22 6000 10 10

1.36 10 5 radian
49.
50.
51.

(a)

1
fe

82.

(b) m

83.

(b)

f0 fe for telescope.

84.

(a)

85.

(b) m

86.

(a, b, c, d)

87.

(a)

88.

(a) Total length L fo fe and both lenses are convex.

89.

(b)

f0
.
fe

fo
f 100
5
1 e
1
24
fe
D
5
25
fo
20 and L fo fe 105 fo 100 cm
fe

L fo fe 44 and m

fo
10
fe

Aakash Educational Services Ltd

1740 Ray Optics
This gives fo 40 cm
90.

91.
92.

(c) In case of a telescope if object and final image are at infinity

f
then m o
fe
(b) Three lenses are objective, eye piece and erecting lens.
(d) Length of the telescope when final image is formed at least
distance of distinct vision is

L fo u e fo

fe D
5 25 325
50

cm
fe D
5 25
6

(c) m = 1

108.

(a)

D
25
or
F
F

109.

(c)

L v0 ue and v0 f0 , u e ~ fe

110.

(c) Magnification will be done by compound microscope only when

fo fe

111.

(d) Angular resolution d

100
o

25 o

fe
2
0 .5 o

93.

(c)

94.

(d)

95.

AB
A B
2 1.4 10 9
A B
2.8 cm
(c) 11
2
10
10 11

B
A

1011 m

fo
fe

f
90

1 e m
D
6

Image

(c)

97.

d
(d) Resolving power of telescope
1 .22

98.

(a) For largest magnification focal length of eye lens should be

least.

99.

(b) m

100.

(d) To make telescope of higher magnifying power, fo should be

fo
f 150
6
1 e
1
30 .
fe
D
6
25

(c)

fo 50 cm, fe 5 cm, D 25 cm and u o 200 cm.

Separation between the objective and the eye lens is

(d)

114.

(a) Radio, waves can pass through dust, clouds, fog, etc, in a radio,
telescope. It can detect very faint radio signal due to enormous
size of its reflector. So it can be used at night and even in
cloudy weather.
(a) Resolving limit

115.

fo Pe
20

40 .
fe Po 0.5

d
116.

117.

102.
103.

(a)

104.

(b) By using m

d
1.22

2 10 6
1.22 1.22 5000 10 10

118.

(a)

119.

(a)

120.

1.22
1

R.P.
d

1 .22 5000 10 10

0 .3 10 6 rad
2

D
D
1 mo 1

f
fe
e

fo
100
50 fe 2 cm

fe
fe

(a) For objective lens

1
1
1

fo vo uo

1
1
1
1
1
1

vo 20 cm

vo
fo uo
4 5 20

Now M

fo
f
10 o fo 200 cm
fe
20

(c) Minimum angular separation

I = 5 10 m = 5 cm.

Normal distance fo fe 100 2 98 cm.

Also L fo fe 100 2 98 cm

106.

vo
uo

f
I v0

0
O u0 u0

25

30 mo 1
m 0 6 mo 5 .
5

fo
100
fe
2 cm
fe
50

(b) m

I
200 10 2

50
2 10 3

(b) m

105.

1 .22 1 .22 4538 10 10

5.54 10 7 rad .
a
1

(a) Magnification of objective lens m

u o fo
f D
200 50
5 25
e

71 cm
(u o fo ) ( fe D) (200 50 ) (5 25 )

(b) Resolving power

a
1 .22

113.

large and fe should be least.

101.

1.22 5000 10 10 10
6.1 10 6 rad .
10 10 2

(a) Resolving power

1
m 18
30

96.

1.22
a

112.

2m

D
25
25 ~
10 1
fe
25 mm
fe
fe
9

107.

vo
uo

D
20
20
1
1
12 .

5
10
f

Photometry
1.

(d) Luminous flux 4 L 4 3.14 42 528 Lumen

Power of lamp

Luminous flux
528

264 W
Luminous efficiency
2

Aakash Educational Services Ltd

Ray Optics 1741
2.

(b)

L cos
r2

3.

(d)

2m

IB

L
dI
2dr
( L = constant)

I
r
r2

L2
L
16
20
t 2 21 t1
t2
10
4
1
r22
r1

13.

IC

L cos

14.

( 5)
IC

( 5)

(b)

5m

...... (ii)

15.

I A 17

I B 13

(b)

9.

(c) Luminous intensity L

10.
11.

4 35
88 W .
5
100 cd

2m

200
100
2

2
2.5 (2 . 5 ) 3
2.5
Case II,

so

25
(3.25 )3 / 2

17 m

3m

13 m

2 2m
2m

L
I 2 L I.r 2 22 2 2 100
r

16.

(a)

17.

(b)

18.

(b)

19.

1.5m

'

I' B
25
(2.5)

IB 200 (3.25 )3 / 2

2.5 m

25 cd

1
4 .
4
4
(c) 4L 4 3.14 100 = 1256 lumen.
(a)

..... (ii)

1m

X 1/3

3/2

8.

4L

I'B X IB

cos 2

L
3
3L

3/2
17
17 (17 )

The illuminance at B is

( 17 )

23 / 2 2 2 : 1

..... (i)

100
25 cd
22
100
cos
and I B
(2 .5) 2

L
L
3
3L
cos1

3/2
13
( 13 )2
13 (13 )

3/2

IA

I B 5 5 I0

so,

82
1 2
8

(a) Case I

IB

3/2

3.5 m
10 4 : 1

35 mm
(a) The illuminance at A is
IA

From equation (i) and (ii)

C

2m

Illuminance on slide
(Length of image on screen)2

Illuminance on screen
(Length of object on slide)2

7.

and L

5 5

From equation (i) and (ii)

1
I 2
r

cos

Lamp

1m

(h 2 r 2 ) 2

h2 r2

L
r2
(c) Efficiency of light source
(c)

(d) The illuminance at B

A

I
r2
A 1 2
IB
h

(c) For equal fogging I2 t 2 I1 t1

L
.......(i)
IB 2
1
and illuminance at point C

Lh
2
(r h 2 ) 3 / 2

t2 50 sec .

6.

L
h2
Illuminance at B,
IA

Screen

dI
2 dr
100
100 2 1 2%
I
r

5.

(c) Illuminance at A,

5 10 4 10 4 2 2
40 Candela
cos 60

4.

12.

60o

I r2
cos

Now 4 L 4 3.14 100 = 1256 lumen.

Normal

3.25

I 2 r12
60 2
1
1

2
2
2
9
I1 r2
180
r

1
r2
(c) To develop a print a fix amount of energy is required. Total
light energy incident on photo print
I

I At

t1
r12

L
L
L
A t 21 A1 t1 22 A 2 t 2
2
r1
r2
r
t2
r22

( L1 L 2 and A1 A 2 )

Aakash Educational Services Ltd

1742 Ray Optics
t2

20.

21.

(b)

(c)

r22
0.40
.t
2 5 = 12.8 sec.
2 1
r1
0.25
1

1
4

13

Icentre (r 2 h 2 )3 / 2

Iedge
h3

L
L
L
21 22
2
r1
r2
r
L1

L2

3/2

5

4

3/2

23.

(a)

24.

(b) 4L 200 lumen.

100 A

Io
2

200
2

= 200 lux.
100 r 2 (0 .1) 2

(b,c) According to the problem

IA
x

IB

(1 .2 x )

B
(1.2x)

1
4
2
x
(1.2 x ) 2

26.

(c)

or

L
L
1
2
L
r
2

cos

(d)

L
L 1.57 10 5 (1.5 10 11 )2 3.53 10 27 Cd
r2

(d) 4L 4 3.14 3.53 10 27 4.43 10 28 lumen.

34.

(d)

35.

(a)

36.

(c) Rotation of area about incident light doesnt change the

inclination of the light ray on the area.

37.

(c)

3
0.685 1.37 10 3 lumen
1.5 10 3

surface

3000
500 lumen.
6

38.

Lh
r3
(d) By the symmetry of the rays and location of the points.

39.

(d) If is the luminous efficiency of the bulb then.

Let bulb of P watt at 600 nm produces the same luminous flux

as by 120 watt at 555 nm then

32 Cd

120 P 0.6 P
40.

120
200 watt.
0. 6

(c) Illuminance produce by the sun

(120x)

Illuminance produce by the bulb

120 cm

4 h r h 3h r h
2

28.

(b)

L 100
I 2 2 =4 Lux.
r
5

29.

(d)

I1

r
3

30.

I1 I 2
900
1600
100 1
100 36
100
I1
2500
2500

(c)

I1

10000
(0.3)2

2 .25 10 22 10 4
25 10 26 Cd
9 10 2

L
L
L
L

and I2 2
9
r2
r12 16

% increase in illuminance

L
L
L

and I 2
2500
r12 1600

% decease in illuminance

41.

L
(1 .5 10 11 )2

L
10000

(1 .5 10 11 )2 (0 .3)2

According to problem

(r 2 h 2 )3 / 2
2h (r 2 h 2 )1 / 2
8
h3
2

33.

I center (r 2 h 2 )3 / 2

I edge
h3

Lamp
Tunnel

Solving it we get x 40 cm .
27.

luminous flux by 120 watt at 555 nm 120

8
32

2
x
(120 x ) 2

(a)

1.2 m

8 Cd

32.

1
2
x 0.4 m and 1.2 x 0.8 m .

x 1.2 x
r12
r22

L
L
and I B
(2r) 2
r 2

I
2 2
1
A

IB
4
2

1
1 : 100 .
10

I Io cos Io cos 60 o

IA

L
r
L
2.

2r r 2
2 2 r2

r12
r22

(c)

25.

(d)

(I is same)

22.

so I

31.

I 2 I1
16

1 100 78 %
100
I
9

Critical Thinking Questions

1.

(d) According to the following ray diagram HI AB d

d
and DS CD
G
2
C

(b)
d

S
B
L

2L

I
J

Aakash Educational Services Ltd

Ray Optics 1743

2d
d
2
Similarly IJ d so GJ GH HI IJ d d d 3d
(b) From the following ray diagram
AH 2 AD GH 2CD

2.

l2 3m

0.2m

30 30
o

0.2

l
2 3

30
d 0.2 / 3
3
Therefore maximum number of reflections are 30.
(b) The angle subtended by the image of the sun at the mirror
d 0 .2 tan 30

3.

1
30
rad
360
2
o

4.

If x be the diameter of the image

100 cmof the sun, then
Arc
x
1 2

100

x
0.87 cm
Radius 100 2 360 360
360
I
f
10
10 2

(a) m
O u f 25 10 15 3
2

Ai
2
Ai m 2 Ao (3)2 4 cm 2
Ao
3
1 1 1

(d) From mirror formula
.....(i)
f v u
Differentiating equation (i), we obtain
m2

5.

1
1
v
dv 2 du dv du
2
v
u
u

Also from equation (i)

v
f

u uf

.....(ii)
.....(iii)

f
From equation (ii) and (iii) we get dv
u
2

f
l.
Therefore size of image is
u f

.l
f