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ANTDL15 Arrays1
ANTDL15 Arrays1
ANTDL15 Arrays1
Antenna Arrays
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus
Pr Pt G t G r
4R
Solution ?
G rad D
4
12
Eg: In Satellite communication, parabolic reflector antenna (D = 35 dB) is used for sending
payload data to earth station
Coverage area
GEO
f >>
Lower the altitude, higher the required scan angle for the same area coverage.
Unfortunately, a parabolic antenna cant be mechanically scanned over large angles
Solution
Electronic scanning
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Phased array
Many antenna elements are arranged in such a way that the field from all of
them add constructively in the desired direction and destructively in other
directions , enabling
High gain
Electronic scanning
Array controls
1. Geometry of the overall array (linear, circular, spherical etc)
2. Spacing between individual elements (in terms of )
3. Excitation amplitude of individual elements
http://www.2physics.com/2010/10/optical-nano-antenna-controls-single.html
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
8 to 12 GHz
http://electronicdesign.com/communications/build-phased-array-wafer-boost-antenna-performance
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
E , f
....
r
r
r
1
1
1
E , f e jkr1
Array factor, AF 1 e
j kdcos( ) b
j2 kdcos( ) b
.... e
j(N 1) kdcos( )b
AF is the total field at point P, had all the elements been replaced by isotropic radiators
AFe j
e jN 1
AF
jN
jN /2
e 1 e
j /2
j
e 1 e
e
e
e
j( N 1) /2
jN /2
j /2
e jN /2
e j /2
sin N / 2
sin / 2
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
AFnor
N=2
N=10
1 sin Nx
N sin x
N=5
N=100
1 sin N / 2
N sin / 2
To prevent maxima
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus