Welding Inspection

Terms & Definitions

Course Reference WIS 5

Terminology and Definitions

A Weld:
A union between materials caused by heat,
and or pressure
A Joint:
A configuration of members

Terminology Joint Welds

Compound

Edge

Fillet

Spot

Butt

Plug

Terminology Joint Types

Edge

Open & Closed Corner

Lap

Butt

Tee
Cruciform

Types of Joint Preparation

Included angle

Included angle
Angle of
bevel

Root
Radius

Root Face

Root Face

Root Gap

Root Gap

Single -V Butt

Single - U Butt

Types of Joint Preparation

Angle of
bevel

Angle of
bevel

Root
Radius

Root Face
Root Gap

Single Bevel Butt

Root Gap

Root Face

Land

Single J Butt

Single Butt Weld Preparations

Single sided preparations are normally made on thinner
materials, or when access form both sides is restricted

Single Bevel

Single Vee

Single J

Single U

Double Butt Weld Preparations

Double sided preparations are normally made on thicker
materials, or when access form both sides is unrestricted

Double Bevel

Double Vee

Double J

Double U

Welded Butt Joints

Butt
A_________Welded
butt joint

Fillet
A_________Welded
butt joint

Compound
A____________Welded
butt joint

Welded Tee Joints

Fillet
A_________Welded
T joint

Butt
A_________Welded
T joint

Compound
A____________Welded
T joint

Welded Lap Joints

Fillet
A_________Welded
lap joint

Spot
A_________Welded
lap joint

Compound
A____________Welded
lap joint

Welded Closed Corner Joints

Fillet
A_________Welded
closed corner joint

Butt
A_________Welded
closed corner joint

Compound
A____________Welded
closed corner joint

Welded Open Corner Joints

Inside fillet
A_______________Welded
open corner joint

Outside fillet
A_______________Welded
open corner joint

Double fillet
A_______________Welded
open corner joint

Weld Zone Terminology

Weld Toe

Weld zone

Weld metal

Heat affected
zone
Fusion zone

Weld Toe

Root

Weld Junction

Butt Weld Features

Weld cap width

Excess root
penetration

Root bead width

Excess cap height

or weld reinforcement

Butt Weld Features

Actual throat
Design throat

Cap or Face
Cap width

B
HAZ

3
4
1,2,3,4 = Weld toes
Root

Weld Junction

Fusion zone

A & B = Excess weld metal

el
W
d
c
fa

Nominal
design throat
thickness

Vertical leg length

Fillet Weld Features

Horizontal leg length

Fillet Weld Dimensions

a = Nominal design throat
thickness
s = Effective design throat
thickness
b = Horizontal leg length

c = Vertical leg length

a
b

e.g
Leg length = 6mm
Design Throat = 6mm x 0.7
Design Throat = 4.2mm

The leg length should be approximately equal to the material

thickness
The design throat thickness is 0.7 of the leg length

Fillet Weld Profiles

Mitre fillet

Convex fillet

Concave fillet

A concave profile is
preferred for joints
subjected to fatigue loading

Toe Blend Angle

6 mm

Most codes quote the weld

toes shall blend smoothly

80

Poor Weld Toe Blend Angle

3 mm

20

Improved Weld Toe Blend

Angle

This statement is not

quantitative and therefore open
to individual interpretation
The higher the toe blend angle
the greater the amount of
stress concentration
The toe blend angle should be
between 20o-30o

Welding Positions
Flat position
UK (USA) 1G rotated
ISO/EN PA

UK (USA): 1G
ISO/EN: PA

Horizontal
position

UK (USA) 2G Fixed
ISO/EN PC

UK (USA): 2G
ISO/EN: PC

Welding Positions
Vertical
down

Vertical
up

UK (USA) 3G
ISO/EN PF

Overhead Position
UK (USA) 4G
ISO/EN PE

UK (USA) 3G
ISO/EN PG

Vertical Position
Pipe fixed Horizontal
UK (USA) 5G
ISO/EN PF, PG

Welding Positions

45o
Inclined position fixed
UK (USA) 6G
EN/ISO H-LO45

45o
Inclined position Rotated
UK (USA) 1FR
EN/ISO L 45/PA

Range of approval according to welding position

BS EN 287

Questions
QU 1. Sketch a single-U butt joint and indicate the following
a. Root face b.Root gap c.Included angle d. Root radius
QU 2. Sketch a tee joint, fillet welded and indicate the following
a. Leg length b.Throat thickness c. Root d. Weld toes
QU 3. Sketch five joint types in addition to a butt joint
QU 4. Identify the the following features from the sketch

F
E
C

D
B
A