Bao Cao KTNL Son Dong

B CNG THNG
CHNG TRNH MC TIU QUC GIA V S DNG

NNG LNG TIT KIM V HIU QU
-------------------------
BO CO
KT QU KIM TON NNG LNG
CNG TY NHIT IN SN NG - VINACOMIN
H Ni, 2013
B CNG THNG
CHNG TRNH MC TIU QUC GIA V S DNG
NNG LNG TIT KIM V HIU QU
------------*****-------------
BO CO
KT QU KIM TON NNG LNG
CNG TY NHIT IN SN NG VINACOMIN
C quan qun l: Tp on Cng nghip Than - Khong sn Vit Nam

C quan ch tr: Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng - Vinacomin
C quan t vn: Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh M - Vinacomin
Ch nhim:
KS. Phm Anh Hi

H Ni, ngy
CNG TY NHIT IN
SN NG - VINACOMIN
thng
nm 2013
VIN KHOA HC CNG NGH

M - VINACOMIN
Bo co kim ton nng lng nm 2013 Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin
DANH SCH NHNG NGI THC HIN

TT
H v tn
Hc v
Nguyn Anh Tun
TS
Lu Vn Thc
ThS
V Th Nam
ThS
V Tun Anh
ThS
Phm Anh Hi
KS
Phm Thanh Lim
KS
L Quang Tun
KS
Trn Trng Hoan
KS
V Hi Nam
KS
10 Dng Th Kim Loan
CN
11 Nguyn nh Tun
ThS
12 Dng Hng ng
KS
13 Nguyn B Hng
CN
Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh M-Vinacomin
Chc v
Vin trng
Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh MVinacomin
Ph Vin trng
Trng phng
Ph Trng phng
Ph gim c
Cng ty nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin
Ph trng phng K thut
Cn b phng K thut
Phng S dng nng lng TK&HQ
MC LC
DANH SCH NHNG NGI THC HIN .............................................. 1
LI NI U .................................................................................................. 5
Chng 1. TM TT ...................................................................................... 6
1.1. MC CH ................................................................................................ 6
1.2. CC C HI TIT KIM NNG LNG .......................................... 6
1.3. KH NNG TRIN KHAI V K HOCH THC HIN D N
UT CC GII PHP TIT KIM NNG LNG ............................ 8
Chng 2. GII THIU ................................................................................ 11
2.1. GII THIU CHUNG ............................................................................ 11
2.1.1. n v c kim ton nng lng ................................................. 11
2.1.2. Thnh phn nhm kim ton nng lng ......................................... 11
2.1.3. Phm vi kim ton nng lng ........................................................ 12
2.2. PHNG PHP O KIM ................................................................... 13
- Cc thit b in cao p 6kV (o gin tip) ............................................. 13
- Cc thit b in h p 0,4kV (o trc tip)............................................. 13
- o kim lu lng gi v nhit .............................................................. 13
- Tng hp thit b phc v kim ton....................................................... 15
Chng 3. V TR A L V HOT NG CA CNG TY NHIT
IN SN NG - VINACOMIN ............................................................... 16
3.1. V TR V IU KIN T NHIN ..................................................... 16
3.2. C CU T CHC V TNH HNH HOT NG CA CNG TY17
3.2.1. C cu t chc v qun l ............................................................... 17
3.2.2. Tnh hnh sn xut kinh doanh ...................................................... 17
3.2.3. Cc gii php tit kim nng lng c trin khai thc hin ti Nh
my nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin ..................................................... 18
3.3. KT LUN .............................................................................................. 19
Chng 4. CNG NGH SN XUT TI CNG TY NHIT IN SN
NG-VINACOMIN .................................................................................... 20
4.1. H THNG CUNG CP NHIN LIU ............................................... 20
4.1.1. H thng x l v vn chuyn than.................................................. 20
4.1.2. H thng tro x ................................................................................ 21
4.1.3. H thng du nhin liu FO ............................................................. 23
4.2. H THNG CUNG CP NC ........................................................... 23
4.3. H THNG THIT B KHU L .......................................................... 25
4.4. H THNG THIT B KHU TUABINE .............................................. 28
4.5. H THNG PH TR .......................................................................... 29
4.5.1. H thng nn kh ............................................................................. 29

4.5.2. H thng chiu sng ........................................................................ 29
4.6. KT LUN .............................................................................................. 30
Chng 5. NHU CU V KH NNG CUNG CP, TIU TH NNG
LNG .......................................................................................................... 31
5.1. CUNG CP V TIU TH NNG LNG ....................................... 31
5.1.1. Cung cp v tiu th in nng........................................................ 32
5.1.2. Cung cp v tiu th nhin liu (than, du)...................................... 34
5.1.3. Cung cp v tiu th kh nn ........................................................... 36
5.1.4. Cung cp v tiu th nc ............................................................... 36
5.2. KT LUN .............................................................................................. 39
Chng 6. RNG BUC V TI CHNH - K THUT V HIN
TRNG TIU TH NNG LNG CA CC THIT B CHNH TI
NH MY ...................................................................................................... 40
6.1. C S NH GI CC BIN PHP TIT KIM NNG LNG 40
6.1.1. Cc rng buc v ti chnh c bn ................................................... 40
6.1.2. Chin lc ca Cng ty v s dng nng lng .............................. 41
6.2. HIN TRNG TIU TH NNG LNG TI CC PH TI
CHNH TRONG NH MY ......................................................................... 41
6.2.1. Kim ton tiu th nng lng cho h thng thit b in phn xng
vn hnh .................................................................................................... 41
6.2.2. Kim ton tiu th nng lng cho cc thit b khu x l nc ..... 58
6.2.3. Kim ton tiu th nng lng h thng thit b ph tr .................. 61
6.3. KT LUN .............................................................................................. 64
Chng 7. XUT CC GII PHP TIT KIM NNG LNG .... 65
7.1. GII PHP KHNG CHI PH U T V U T THP ........... 65
7.1.1. Nng cao thc v s dng in nng tit kim v hiu qu ........... 65
7.1.2. Gii php nng cao hiu sut ca my nn kh ................................ 65
7.2. GII PHP XY DNG H THNG QUN L NNG LNG
THEO TIU CHUN ISO 50001:2011......................................................... 66
7.3. GII PHP TIT KIM COHERENT GIM NNG LNG HOT
HA CA THAN TRC KHI A VO T TRONG L HI CFB 71
7.3.1. Gii php k thut ........................................................................... 71
7.3.2. Hiu qu kinh t gii php ............................................................... 77
7.4. GII PHP LP THIT B BIN TN TIT KIM NNG LNG
CHO CC NG C IN......................................................................... 77
7.4.1. Gii php lp bin tn tit kim in nng cho cc qut gi, qut khi
ca Nh my ............................................................................................. 77
7.4.2. Gii php lp bin tn tit kim in nng cho cc qut thp lm mt
- cng sut 185kW .................................................................................... 83
7.4.3. Gii php lp bin tn cho cc ng c bng ti 1A, 2A, 3A, 4 ti
khu x l nhin liu ................................................................................. 87
7.4.4. Gii php lp bin tn cho cc ng c my nn kh 160kW ti phn
xng vn hnh ......................................................................................... 89
7.5. GII PHP TIT KIM IN CHO H THNG CHIU SNG
TON CNG TY ........................................................................................... 92
7.5.1. Gii php k thut ........................................................................... 92
7.5.2. c tnh tit kim............................................................................ 93
7.6. KT LUN .............................................................................................. 94
KT LUN V KIN NGH ........................................................................ 96
KT LUN ..................................................................................................... 96
1. Hin trng qun l v s dng nng lng ............................................ 96
2. Kt qu kim ton nng lng nm 2013 .............................................. 97
KIN NGH.................................................................................................... 98
LI NI U
Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng - Vinacomin thuc Tng Cng ty in lc Vinacomin c tr s ti Thn ng R, th trn Thanh Sn, huyn Sn ng,
tnh Bc Giang. y l Cng ty nhit in t than theo cng ngh mi cng
ngh tng si tun hon - CFB vi cng sut hi 433 tn/gi, gm 2 t my
cng sut nh mc ca 2 t my l 220 MW. Than s dng c cung cp t
m than 45 Tng Cng ty ng Bc. Trong nhng nm qua hot ng sn
xut in nng ca Cng ty rt n nh, sn lng in hng nm u t trn
1,1 t kWh.
Nhm phc v sn xut Cng ty s dng cc loi nng lng nh in,
than v du. Trong nm 2012, Cng ty s dng in t dng chim 12,68% tng
cng sut in sn xut phc v cho cc h thng thit b - y l mc tiu th
in kh ln. Trc hin trng nh vy, vic thc hin kim ton nng lng s
gip nh gi chnh xc thc trng s dng nng lng ti Cng ty. Bn cnh
, thng qua kim ton nng lng s xc nh c cc khu vc, v tr c tim
nng tit kim nng lng. Khi p dng cc gii php tit kim s gip gim chi
ph nng lng v gip nng cao hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh, gp phn vo s
pht trin bn vng ca Cng ty.
thc hin nhim v c hai bn thng nht, chng ti tin hnh
iu tra kho st thu thp s liu, lp t cc thit b o m ti cc v tr xc
nh, thu thp phn tch cc s liu o c nhm nh gi cc ch tiu cung cp
v s dng in nng ca cc thit b, qua xc nh cc khu tn tht in
nng. Trn c s ra gii php s dng nng lng tit kim hiu qu, ng
thi phn tch hiu qu kinh t t vic ng dng cc gii php xut c th
mang li.
Trong qu trnh thc hin kim ton ny, cc tc gi nhn c s quan
tm gip hp tc ca lnh o v cc cn b k thut Cng ty nhit in Sn
ng - Vinacomin.
Xin chn thnh cm n s gip qu bu ./.
Chng 1
TM TT
1.1. MC CH
Mc ch chnh ca kim ton l thng k tnh hnh tiu th nng lng v
xc nh cc c hi tit kim nng lng, a ra cc tim nng tit kim, gim
chi ph nng lng v gim pht thi ca Cng ty. C th nh sau:
- Kho st, nh gi tnh hnh tiu th nng lng trong Cng ty, ch ra cc
v tr, cc khu c tim nng tit kim nng lng.
- Phn tch cc s liu thu thp v o c, tm ra cc nguyn nhn gy tht
thot, tn hao in nng, t ra nhng gii php khc phc.
- Phn tch, nh gi, so snh hiu qu kinh t gia cc gii php a ra
la chn ti u p dng nhm em li li ch kinh t cho Cng ty, ng
thi cng phi p ng yu t gn gi v bo v mi trng.
- Xem xt, nh gi kh nng nhn rng m hnh, p dng cho cc n v
khc c cng cng ngh v cng sut tng ng.
1.2. CC C HI TIT KIM NNG LNG
Hin ti cc thit b ca Cng ty sau qu trnh a vo vn hnh s dng
ang hot ng n nh, gm nhiu chng loi khc nhau, nhiu thit b c cng
sut ln, in p lm vic cao. Qua cng tc o lng, nh gi s hot ng
ca cc thit b cho thy mt s thit b tiu th in ti Cng ty c th p dng
gii php tit kim nng lng. Trong bn bo co kim ton nng lng ny,
chng ti xy dng c cc nhm gii php tit kim nng lng cho h thng
thit b nh sau:
* H thng qun l gim st qun l nng lng
- Gii php xy dng h thng qun l nng lng theo ISO50001:2011.
* H thng cp than
- Gii php tit kim coherent gim nng lng hot ha ca than trc khi
a vo t trong l hi tng si tun hon.
* Thit b bng ti
- Gii php bin tn iu khin tc ng c cc bng ti 1A, 2A, 3A v 4
ti khu x l nhin liu ca Nh my.
* Qut gi v qut khi
- Gii php lp bin tn trung th cho 02 ng c qut gi s cp
1.250kW/6,6kV.
- Gii php lp bin tn trung th cho 02 ng c qut gi th cp
630kW/6,6kV.
- Gii php lp bin tn trung th cho 02 ng c qut khi s cp

1.250kW/6,6kV.
* Thit b qut thp lm mt
- Gii php lp bin tn h th cho 06 ng c qut thp lm mt 185
kW/0,4 kV.
* H thng chiu sng
- Gii php lp thit b tit kim in DIM cho 55 n cao p chiu sng bo
v v chiu sng khun vin ti Cng ty.
Bng 1. Tm tt cc gii php v chi ph tit kim nng lng ti Cng ty
Nhit in Sn ngVinacomin
TT
II
III
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Tn gii php
GP1 - Xy dng
h thng qun l
nng lng theo
ISO50001:2011
GP2 - Gii php
tit
kim
coherent
gim
NLHH ca than
trc khi a
vo t trong l
hi
GP2 - Lp bin
tn iu khin
tn s cho cc
ng c
Bng ti 1B 15kW
Bng ti 2A 55kW
Bng ti 3A 15kW
Bng ti 4 - 37kW
Gii php lp bin
tn iu khin my
nn kh - 160kW
Qut thp lm mt
s 1 t 1 - 185kW
Qut thp lm mt
s 2 t 1 - 185kW
Qut thp lm mt
s 3 t 1 - 185kW
Qut thp lm mt
s 8 t 2 - 185kW
Qut thp lm mt
s 9 t 2 - 185kW
Qut thp lm mt
s 10 t 2 -
CPT
(1.000)
TGHV
(nm)
HSHV
ni ti
(%)
GTHT
thun
(1.000)
410.096
480.000
1,17
Nng lng TK
CPTK
(kWh/nm;tn/nm) (103/nm)
in
Than
167.815
433,3
Du
0,40
in
9.533
4.879.406
12.500.000
2,56
20,55
1.430.597
in
6.090.866
6.578.135
32.609.100
2,80
23,09
3.579.217
10.471
11.309
21.000
1,86
28,43
4.820
38.208
41.265
77.000
1,87
28,09
17.217
8.860
9.569
21.000
2,19
17,42
847
20.718
22.375
48.100
2,15
18,71
2.987
118.603
128.092
312.000
2,44
23,28
53.699
119.430
128.985
259.000
2,01
23,11
35.501
123.679
133.573
259.000
1,94
25,45
45.977
125.391
135.423
259.000
1,91
26,39
50.200
133.634
144.325
259.000
1,79
30,85
70.526
136.189
147.084
259.000
1,76
32,22
76.826
118.603
128.092
259.000
2,02
22,65
33.462
in
12
13
14
IV
185kW
Qut gi cp 1 -A
v B
Qut gi cp 2-A
v B
Qut khi A v B
GP4 - gii php
tit kim cho h
thng chiu sng
Lp t thit b tit
kim
in
DIM250
Tng
in
Than
Du
1.601.818
1.729.963
11.856.000
6,85
13,35
159.711
1.079.978
1.166.376
6.864.000
5,88
15,09
494.640
2.455.283
2.651.706
11.856.000
4,47
18,14
2.532.803
8.791
9.494
110.000
8.791
9.494
110.000
6.267.472
9.966,7
0,40
11.877.131
45.699.100
2,18
21,82
5.009.814
Cc gii php tit kim trn c m t chi tit v c nh gi lin

quan vi cc tim nng tit kim ca chng trong phn chnh ca bo co.
Bng 2. Tng nng lng tit kim cho Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin
Hng mc
n v
Tiu th hin ti
Mc tiu th in nng
Mc tiu th than
Mc tiu th du
kWh/nm
Tn/nm
Tn/nm
167.814,73
866.667
803,212
Tim nng tit kim

S lng
T l %
6.267.472
3,73
9.966,7
1,15
0,40
0,05
1.3. KH NNG TRIN KHAI V K HOCH THC HIN D N

UT CC GII PHP TIT KIM NNG LNG
i vi gii php k thut, c tnh kh thi trin khai u t th cn phi
m cc yu t k thut cng nh tha mn c cc ch tiu kinh t. Cn c
theo kt qu kim ton nng lng ti Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin. Chng ti xut trin khai chng trnh s dng nng lng tit
kim v hiu qu theo l trnh nh sau:
* Giai on 1:
1. Nng cao thc cn b cng nhn vin thng qua vic ban hnh cc
pano, aphic v cc quy nh v vic s dng in nng tit kim v hiu qu;
2. Gii php vn hnh hp l h thng l hi kt hp vi p dng tiu
chun qun l nng lng theo ISO50001:2011. Gi tr tit kim Theo phn tch
cc ch tiu kinh t - k thut th thi gian thu hi vn gin n khi u t gii
php l 1,17 nm, gi tr hin ti thun NPV> 0.
3. u t 4 bin tn t ng iu chnh cng sut cho cc ng c bng ti
1A, 2A, 3A, 4 khu x l nhin liu.
- Kh nng trin khai gii php: Kt qu phn tch v tnh ton h s hon
vn ni ti IRR = 17,42-28,43>15% v gi tr hin ti thun NPV>0, nh vy
gii php lp bin tn t ng iu chnh tc ng c bng ti l hon ton

kh thi v mt k thut cng nh hiu qu kinh t.
4. u t 06 bin tn t ng iu chnh cng sut cho cc ng c qut
thp lm mt 185kW.
- Kh nng trin khai gii php: Kt qu phn tch v tnh ton h s hon
vn ni ti IRR = 23,11-30,85>15% v gi tr hin ti thun NPV>0, nh vy
gii php l hon ton kh thi v mt k thut cng nh hiu qu kinh t. Gii
php gip cc ng c qut hot ng vi cng sut theo ti thc t ng thi
vn m bo yu cu k thut cng ngh lm mt.
5. u t lp t bin tn v PLC iu khin hot ng cho h thng my
nn kh 160kW phn xng Vn Hnh.
- Kh nng trin khai d n: Theo phn tch cc ch tiu kinh t cho thy
h s hon vn ni ti IRR=23,28%>15%, gi tr hin ti thun NPV>0. Nh
vy, gii php u t bin tn v PLC iu khin h thng my nn kh l hon
ton kh thi v kinh t-k thut.
6. Gii php lp thit b tit kim in DIM cho 55 bng chiu sng bo v
v chiu sng khun vin ca Cng ty.
Tng mc chi ph tit kim giai on 1: 1.449.680.000 VN;
Tng mc u t d kin giai on 1: 2.623.100.000 VN.
* Giai on 2:
1. Thc hin u t lp t bin tn cho hai qut gi cp 1 cng sut
Pm=1.250kW, theo phn tch k thut v kinh t cho thy vic u t lp bin
tn l hon ton kh thi. H s hon vn ni ti IRR =13,35% >13% (li sut
vay ngn hng khi thc hin u t gii php), gi tr hin ti thun NPV> 0.
2. Thc hin u t lp t bin tn cho 02 qut gi cp 2 cng sut
Pm=630kW, theo phn tch k thut v kinh t cho thy vic u t lp bin tn
l hon ton kh thi. Tnh ton cho thy h s hon vn ni ti IRR =15,09%
>13% (li sut vay ngn hng khi thc hin u t gii php), gi tr hin ti
thun NPV> 0.
3. Thc hin u t lp t bin tn cho 02 qut khi Pm=1250kW, theo
phn tch k thut v kinh t cho thy vic u t lp bin tn l hon ton kh
thi. Thi gian hon vn gin n khi u t gii php l 4,47 nm, h s hon
vn ni ti IRR =18,14% >13% (li sut vay ngn hng khi thc hin u t gii
php), gi tr hin ti thun NPV> 0.
Tng mc chi ph tit kim giai on 2: 5.548.045 VN;
* Giai on 3:
1. u t trin khai gii php coherent gim nng lng hot ha ca than
trc khi a vo t trong l hi.
- Kh nng trin khai d n: Kt qu tnh ton cc ch tiu kinh t cho thy
thi gian thu hi vn gin n l 2,56 nm, h s hon vn ni ti
IRR=20,55>15% (li sut vay ngn hng khi thc hin u t), gi tr hin ti
thun NPV>0. Nh vy, gii php coherent gim nng lng hot ha ca than
p ng c cc ch tiu v hiu qu kinh t - k thut.
Tng mc chi ph tit kim giai on 3: 4.879.406.000 VN;
10
Chng 2
GII THIU
2.1. GII THIU CHUNG
2.1.1. n v c kim ton nng lng
- Tn n v: Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng - Vinacomin.
- a ch: Thn ng R, th trn Thanh Sn, huyn Sn ng, tnh Bc
Giang.
- T: 0240 3588026
Fax: 0240 3588211
- Nm hot ng chnh thc: 2009.
Hnh 2.1. Nh my nhit in Sn ng - Vinacomin

Nh my Nhit in Sn ng do Tp on Than - Khong sn Vit Nam
lm ch u t xy dng nm 2004. Cng sut thit k ca nh my 220MW,
bao gm hai khi t my (mi khi gm: 1 l hi tng si tun hon (L CFB),
1 tua bin ngng hi thun tu, mt my pht cng sut 110MW, f= 50 Hz).
Nh my c cung cp than thng qua tuyn bng ti ni vi m than
ng R (Cng ty TNHH 1TV 45-Tng Cng ty ng Bc) v nc phc v
vn hnh nh my c ly t hai ngun: sui ng R v sui Nc Vng
bng cch p p ngn sui to thnh h cha.
2.1.2. Thnh phn nhm kim ton nng lng
Trin khai chng trnh kim ton nng lng ti Cng ty nhit in Sn
ng - Vinacomin, thnh phn nhm kim ton Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh m Vinacomin gm cc thnh vin c tn trong bng 2.1:
11
Bng 2.1. Thnh vin nhm kim ton nng lng

TT
H v tn
Lu Vn Thc
V Th Nam
V Tun Anh
4
5
6
7
8
9
Phm Anh Hi
L Quang Tun
Phm Thanh Lim
Trn Trng Hoan
V Hi Nam
Dng Th Kim Loan
Chc v
Ph Vin trng
Trng phng
Ph Trng phng
2.1.3. Phm vi kim ton nng lng

Trin khai cng tc kim ton nng lng ti Cng ty nhit in Sn ng
Vinacomin nm 2013 s cho thy bc tranh v tnh hnh s dng hin ti, t
xut nhng gii php tit kim c th gip cho Cng ty gim c mc
tiu hao nng lng trn mt kWh in, gim chi ph sn xut v nng cao hiu
qu sn xut kinh doanh.
Cc v tr c la chn o kim l cc thit b c trng theo cng ngh,
c cng sut ln hoc trung bnh ang lm vic n nh trong cc khu sn xut.
o kim tiu th in nng:
Qua kho st cc thit b ca Cng ty, chng ti xc nh c cc v tr
cn tin hnh o kim ti cc trm bin p, cc ng c 6kV, ng c gian l my, h thng x l than, ng c nh bm du, ng c nh x l nc, ng
c nh kh khong, ng c qut thp lm mt, ng c trm bm nc tun
hon, ng c bm nc thi,
o kim nhit nng:
* o kim phn tch khi thi:
o lng phn tch cc thng s nh phn trm Oxy trong khi, phn
trm CO2, nhit khi,
* o kim xc nh lu lng gi, m khng kh, nhit khng kh,
u vo qut gi.
* o kim nhit bng my o nhit xc nh nhit ca thit b, ca
mi cht lm vic,
* Ly mu than, mu tro bay, mu x thi,.
12
* o kim lu lng nc bng phng php siu m cho cc bm nc

trong nh my,.
2.2. PHNG PHP O KIM
- Cc thit b in cao p 6kV (o gin tip)
Dng ng h o lng a nng Kew6310 tin hnh o kim ti cc t in
ca cc thit b cn o. Kp km dng vo phn th cp ca bin dng o lng,
km kp p vo 4 u cc pha th cp ca bin p o lng.
Hnh 2.3. im o kim cc thit b cao p 6kV ti nh my

- Cc thit b in h p 0,4kV (o trc tip)
Kp km dng vo 3 si dy trc u vo khi ng t, kp km p vo 3
u cc trc khi ng t.
- o kim lu lng gi v nhit
* o kim phn tch khi thi:
Phng php lp t Sensor o kim phn tch khi thi c th hin theo
s nguyn l hnh 2.2 v 2.3 di y:
13
ng khi thi
Qut khi
im o Khi thi
Hnh 2.2. S nguyn l t Sensor o kim nng khi thi
Hnh 2.3. im o mi trng trn ng khi ra

Yu cu:
- o ti v tr c p sut dng.
- u o sensor a vo su trong ng khi thi, chiu su khng qu
20cm.
- Thi gian o: Trung bnh 20 pht/ mt ln o, o 3 thi im khc nhau.
* o kim xc nh lu lng gi, m khng kh, nhit khng
kh u vo qut gi
14
Tin hnh lp t Sensor o kim lu lng gi, m khng kh v nhit

khng kh vo u vo ca qut gi cp 1 v qut gi cp 2 (hnh 2.4).
Hnh 2.4. S nguyn l o lu lng v tc gi

- Tng hp thit b phc v kim ton
Trong qu trnh kim ton ti Cng ty, chng ti s dng dng mt s thit
b v phn mm c tng hp trong bng 2.2:
Bng 2.2. Tng hp cc thit b phc v kim ton nng lng ti Cng ty
Nhit in Sn ng - Vinacomin
STT
1
TN THIT B
ng h o lng a nng phng
n
Bin dng o lng
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Ampe km
ng h vn nng
B ghi d liu
B ly d liu o lng
Phn mm c phn tch d liu
My tnh xch tay
My nh k thut s
ng h o lng in a nng
Thit b o nh sng
My o nhit t xa, tc gi
V mt s cc thit b khc
XUT X
Italia
EMIC-Vit
Nam
Nht
Nht
Vit Nam
Vit Nam
Vit Nam
M
Nht
Php
Nht
Nht
15
MODEL
WM14-96
Kyoritsu-2056R
Kyoritsu- 1009
ACE-32R
ACE-Reader-V1
ACE-PowerSoft-V1
HP
SONY
CA8335
Chng 3
V TR A L V HOT NG CA CNG TY NHIT IN
SN NG - VINACOMIN
3.1. V TR V IU KIN T NHIN
V tr a l: Cng ty nm trn a bn thn ng R, x Thanh Lun,
huyn Sn ng, tnh Bc Giang - cch m than ng R 2,5 km v nm trong
vng m ca Khu bo tn pha Ty Yn T. Sn ng tip gip vi cc huyn:
Ba Ch, Honh B, th x Ung B v ng Triu, tnh Qung Ninh; huyn
nh Lp v Lc Bnh, tnh Lng Sn.
iu kin t nhin: Sng sui trong huyn chim 1,53% din tch t nhin
(1.292 ha). Trn a bn huyn c mt sng chnh chy qua, l sng Lc
Nam cn c tn gi l Minh c. Trn a phn Sn ng, sng Lc Nam cn
c cc tn gi sng B (hay sng An Chu). Sng Lc Nam bt ngun t nh
Lp (Lng Sn), chy vo Sn ng Hu Sn qua a phn Sn ng di
khong 40km. Nhn chung, mt sng sui ca huyn kh dy, nhng phn
ln l u ngun nn lng sng, sui hp, dc ln, lu lng nc hn ch,
c bit v ma kh.
Sn ng cch bin khng xa, nhng do b n ng bi dy ni Yn T
pha nam nn c c im kh hu lc a vng ni. Hng nm c bn ma
xun, h, thu, ng. Ma xun v ma thu l hai ma chuyn tip, kh hu n
ho; ma h nng, ma nhiu; ma ng lnh, kh hanh, t ma. Nhit trung
bnh hng nm l 22,60C, nhit trung bnh cao nht l 32,90C, nhit trung
bnh thp nht l 11,60C.
Lng ma trung bnh hng nm l 1.564mm, thuc khu vc c lng ma
trung bnh trong vng. S ngy ma trung bnh trong nm l 128,5 ngy, nhng
ngy c lng ma ln nht vo thng 8, t 310,6mm. Do nm trong khu vc
che chn bi vng cung ng Triu nn huyn Sn ng t chu nh hng ca
bo.
Giao thng vn chuyn: Mng li giao thng ca Sn ng ch yu l
ng b, c phn b tng i hp l. Ton huyn c 1.142km ng b
(nm 2010), gm: ng quc l c hai tuyn di 65km, trong Quc l 31
(trc y l quc l 13B) t Cm n qua th trn An Chu n Hu Sn sang
Lng Sn di 38km, Quc l 279 t th trn An Chu i Qung Ninh di 27km.
ng tnh l c 2 tuyn: ng 291 c im u ti ng ba Yn nh, im
cui Nh my Nhit in ng R, di 23km.
16
3.2. C CU T CHC V TNH HNH HOT NG CA CNG TY

3.2.1. C cu t chc v qun l
Cng ty nhit in Sn ng c tng s 355 cn b cng nhn vin, Gim
c iu hnh trc tip Cng ty v 03 Ph Gim c tham mu gip iu hnh
sn xut, k thut v cc cng vic v ti chnh k ton. C cu Cng ty c
chia thnh 02 khi chnh: Khi sn xut (gm c 02 Phn xng: Phn xng
vn hnh v phn xng sa cha vi tng cn b nhn vin l 252 ngi) v
Khi hnh chnh/qun l (gm c 06 Phng chuyn mn vi tng cn b 56
ngi), ngoi ra cn khi nhn vin phc v 34 ngi. Trong Cng ty, cc
phng ban u c chc nng nhim v c th, chu s gim st trc tip t ban
lnh o, ng thi c nhim v v quyn hn tham mu, gip ban lnh o
trong vic xy dng v thc thi cc ch th c a ra.
B my t chc qun l sn xut ca Cng ty vi m hnh trc tuyn
pht huy c s hiu qu trong cng tc qun l ca cc cp lnh o. S t
chc ca Cng ty c th hin trn hnh 3.1 di y:
Hnh 3.1. S t chc qun l Cng ty nhit in Sn ng-Vinacomin

Hng tun Cng ty u t chc bui giao ban gia lnh o Cng ty vi
qun c cc phn xng, ph trch phng ban nhm m bo thc hin cng
vic mt cch hiu qu nht.
3.2.2. Tnh hnh sn xut kinh doanh
Trong nm 2011, 2012 Cng ty c bn hon thnh k hoch sn xut
kinh doanh ca Tng Cng ty giao v t cng sut theo thit k. Biu in
nng sn xut v in nng t dng ca Cng ty c th hin trn hnh 3.2 di
y.
17
Hnh 3.2. Biu in nng sn xut v in nng t dng ca Cng ty

Nh vy, vi ngun nguyn liu n nh cng cc iu kin bo dng
thit b c m bo nn sn lng pht in ca Cng ty c m bo. Sn
lng in sn xut c tng dn theo tng nm t 2010-2012 v t l in t
dng cng tng theo. Hin mc in t dng nh vy l mt mc cao (12,68%)
nn vic s dng nng lng tit kim v hiu qu cn c Cng ty quan tm
hn na v t l mt trong nhng nhim v hng u.
Theo bo co t Cng ty, vi k hoch sn lng in sn xut l 1,350 t
kWh trong nm 2013 th 6 thng u nm Cng ty thc hin t 704,729 MW,
bng 52,2%, doanh thu in thng phm t 625,532 t ng, bng 54,25% k
hoch nm, thu nhp bnh qun t gn 7 triu ng/ngi/thng.
t c kt qu , ngay t u nm Cng ty pht ng nhiu
phong tro thi ua sn xut vi nhiu ni dung, hnh thc thc hin kt qu
rt ngn c thi gian bo dng nh k hai t my, va gip gim gi thnh
bo dng ng thi tng sn lng in sn xut.
3.2.3. Cc gii php tit kim nng lng c trin khai thc hin ti Nh
my nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin
- Tit gim h thng chiu sng khng cn thit, mc tit kim NL 66220
(kWh), mc tit kim NL 3,24 (%), tit kim chi ph 55,8 (Tr. ng).
- Tng nhit cc phng s dng iu ha t 240C ln 260C, mc tit
kim NL 9 531 (kWh), mc tit kim NL 1 (%), tit kim chi ph 8 (Tr. ng),
18
- Dng mt s qut h thng thp lm mt khi nhit nc tun hon

m bo, Mc tit kim NL 460.800 (kWh), mc tit kim NL 3,3 (%), tit
kim chi ph 388 (Tr. ng).
- Thay th dn mt s bng chiu sng si t sang dng bng Compact,
Mc tit kim NL 280 962 (kWh), mc tit kim NL 30 (%), tit kim chi ph
236 (Tr. ng).
- t than Na Dng, mc tit kim NL du FO 141 (tn), mc tit kim
NL 33,3 (%), tit kim chi ph 2 400 (Tr. ng). Trong , sng kin t than Na
Dng gim lng du FO, rt ngn thi gian t l khong 2h v tit kim
c in t dng.
Nh vy, nhng gii php v mt s sng kin do cn b Cng ty xut
thc hin khng ch gp phn tit gim chi ph ng k Cng ty Nhit in
Sn ng m cn c p dng cc nh my in khc trong Tng Cng ty
cng em li hiu qu cao.
3.3. KT LUN
Qua kho st tnh hnh sn xut v phn tch tiu th in nng ca Cng ty
nhn thy:
- B my t chc qun l sn xut v lao ng vi m hnh trc tuyn hin
ti ca Cng ty pht huy c s hiu qu trong cng tc qun l. Trong
qun l in nng hin Cng ty c cn b chuyn trch, do vy cc thng s
lin quan n h thng nng lng c thng k v theo di kh y , chi
tit.
- Tnh hnh sn xut ca Cng ty tng i n nh, sn lng t k hoch
ra, tuy nhin do c th sn xut ph thuc vo pha EVN nn vn u ra
cho sn phm ca Cng ty gp nhng kh khn nht nh.
- T l in t dng ca Cng ty ang mc kh cao, gy nh hng trc
tip ti sn lng cung cp cho EVN.
- Do vy nhim v nng cao s dng nng lng tit kim v hiu qu ti
Cng ty cn thit phi y mnh hn na v phi c l trnh r rng nh:
Kim ton nng lng (1) => xut cc gii php tit kim nng lng
(2) => Phn tch v lp d n u t cc gii php (3) => Trin khai d n u
t (4) => Kt qu d n (nng cao hiu qu kinh doanh, gim chi ph nng lng
sn xut ra 1kWh).
19
Chng 4
CNG NGH SN XUT TI CNG TY NHIT IN SN NGVINACOMIN
4.1. H THNG CUNG CP NHIN LIU
4.1.1. H thng x l v vn chuyn than
Nh my c 2 t my pht in t than l hi tng si tun hon 110MW,
s dng loi than xu t m than 45 Tng Cng ty ng Bc v lng t than
ch t ngoi vo. Than c ch qua ng ni b nh my n bi cha than
hoc t h than cung cp trc tip vo l hi p ng c nhu cu t ca
l. S cung cp than hin ti ca Nh my nhit in Sn ng c th hin
trn hnh 4.1 di y:
Hnh 4.1. S cung cp than hin ti ca Nh my nhit in Sn ng

Thit b chuyn than s dng hai my ngom kiu cu. H thng chuyn
than nghin th bao gm: 2 tuyn n, 3 tuyn kp. Thit b chuyn than
gm: bng ti, tm chn 3 chiu, b rung p in ng, my nghin th, my
nghin tinh, cn bng, b kh st kiu mm, b co than, bunke than nguyn, b
20
lc bi kiu ti, thit b phn b liu. Nhng thit b trn c a vo h thng

iu khin lp trnh PLC v DCS.
Bng ti ca h thng chuyn than b tr hai tuyn, mt vn hnh mt d
phng ng thi iu kin vn hnh ng thi hai tuyn. Trong bng
ti loi 650mm c 6 ng, vn tc bng ti 1.6m/s, cng sut 200t/h; bng ti
vi loi 800mm c mt ng, vn tc 1.0m/s, cng sut 200t/h (hnh 4.2).
Hnh 4.2. Bng ti than ti Nh my nhit in Sn ng

Trong h thng c thit b nghin dng nghin than thnh cc ht than
t kch thc t 0 7 (mm) cp cho l, b kh st, c cc thit b bo v nh:
ko dy s c, chy lch, rch theo chiu dc, trt qun tnh, my nghin than
qu nhit, rung. H thng iu khin than c s dng iu khin t ng lp
trnh., c hai phng thc vn hnh l iu khin thao tc lin ng v bng tay,
trng hp c bit c th thao tc bng tay ti ch (khng c kho lin ng ).
Nguyn l lm vic ca my nghin than: Than c kch thc 25 mm
c cp vo my thng qua bng ti 3A v 3B hoc bng ti 4 (c b tr i
xng trn ton b chiu rng ca my nghin) khi gp roto quay than s vng
vo cc vch nghin v c nghin ti c ht quy nh. Sau khi nghin, than
t kch thc 7 mm c cp xung ng bng ti cp than 2A-2B, 1A-1B
v i ln Bunker cc l hi.
4.1.2. H thng tro x
H thng tro x ca Cng ty c nhim v vn chuyn tro x (sn phm chy
ca L hi) t hai L hi n Silo tro chnh, tro x tm thi c lu Silo sau
c vn chuyn bng t. Hn hp khi v tro bay t l qua b sy khng
kh th cp v s cp, ri qua b lc bi tnh in. Ti y tro bay c gi li
nh nguyn l lm vic ca b lc bi tnh in (ESP) v c vn chuyn bng
cc ng ng ti silo tro bay. Khi c ht bng qut khi ri thi ra ngoi
mi trng qua ng khi. phc v cho khu vn chuyn tro bay trong ng
ng s dng kh nn v c cu vn truyn tng t nh i vi vn chuyn
vi.
B lc bi tnh in l thit b lm sch bi trong khi, da theo nguyn l
21
s phng in trong in mi. Khi dng khi c bi i qua b lc bi tnh in

cc ht tro b nhim in v di tc dng ca in trng t vo cc phng v
cc lng. Bi s di chuyn theo hng ca in trng v bm vo cc lng.
Vic tch tro khi cc lng nh c cu rung. Tro ri xung phu tro v nh h
thng thi tro vn chuyn tro ln Silo tro. phn phi khi u theo ton b
tit din ca b lc bi tnh in th b lc bi c cc chn song phn phi khi.
Cc in cc lng c hnh dng c bit t song song, thng ng. C kt cu
kiu treo ( dm trn), cc cc phng (cc Ion ho) l cc thanh trn gn vi cc
u cc. Cc cc Ion ho c cc tay treo lp trn khung treo. C cu rung
theo nguyn l tay bin trc chnh. nng cao ca bav lc tp chung vo
cc e. C cu dn ng cho c cu rung l ng c in qua hp gim tc v
cc cp bnh rng trc.
Nguyn l lm vic ca h thng lc bi tnh in: Da trn nguyn l lc
in trng. in th cao p mt chiu t gia in cc Anode (cc lng) v
Cathode (cc phng) ca ESP to thnh mt in trng khng i xng c
in th cao, cng in trng ph thuc in th t vo cc in cc. Khi
khi i qua in trng ny, cc ht tro bay s hp th electron hoc ion v
chng b nhim in. Kt qu l cc ht tro bay s tch ra khi khi. Khi tro bay
t ti dy v nng nht nh trn bn cc cng vi h thng ba g, tro
bay s ri vo khoang cha tro. Sau c vn chuyn bi h thng kh nn
ti h thng x l tro (hnh 4.3).
Hnh 4.3. B lc bi tnh in ti Nh my nhit in Sn ng

Chc nng chnh ca thit b ny l iu chnh in p u ra n b lc
kp thi theo c tnh tro v c tnh t nhin ca khi, khi xut hin hin
tng phng in trong khu vc in trng. H thng iu khin in p thp
LV c chc nng sau:
+ iu khin vi mch ba g ln cc u cc anode v cathode, gia nhit
khng i cho phu tro v cc tm bn cc cch in.
22
+ D ti v vn chuyn tro.
Kt cu s cp ca phn chnh thit b lc bi tnh in l: h thng ng
khi vo v ng khi ra, h thng hng cc phng, h thng hng cc lng
bi, h thng cha tro, v ngoi v sn thao tc.
4.1.3. H thng du nhin liu FO
Nhin liu du c dng cung cp ton b du nhin liu cho qu trnh
khi ng l cng nh trong qu trnh t km du ca l hi. Nhin liu c
dng y l loi du FO. Du t b cha c bm cp du cp ti cc vi t
ca l. m bo du lu chuyn mt cch d dng, h thng c trang b
thm cc thit b gia nhit cho du v gia nhit cho h thng ng ng dn du
ti cc vi t ca l.
Thng thng du khng s dng t nhng vn cn c bm tun hon
trong h thng nhm duy tr nht ca du. B sy du s dng cc b gia
nhit ng ng bng in, thng thng vic s dng cc b gia nhit ng
ng bng in cho vic tun hon du l khng cn thit nhng trong sut ma
ng, nhng b gia nhit ny c s dng. Ngoi ra gia nhit cho du trong
cc ng ng, b gia nhit du bng in cng c s dng thm. Khi s
dng, cc b gia nhit c khi ng 24 ting trc khi khi ng tun hon
du (hnh 4.4).
Hnh 4.4. B cha v h thng bm du ti Nh my nhit in Sn ng

4.2. H THNG CUNG CP NC
Nc trc khi a ln l phi m bo mt s yu t nh: nc phi
mm, khng c ln Oxi ti mt s v tr .v.v. mun t c yu cu nc
phi i qua phn xng ha hc. Ti y nc c lm mm, x l tp cht,
kh xi, thm ha cht chng n mn, ha cht nng nhit bo ha ca
nc.v.v.
Hin ti h thng cung cp v x l nc ti Cng ty c m t nh sau:
- Quy trnh cng ngh h thng tin x l: Nc t h thng nc b sung
t ngoi nh my B phn ly c kh B x l nc cng nghip Bm
23
x l nc B phn ly c kh t ng B cha nc th Bm nc th
(hnh 4.5).
Hnh 4.5. Chu trnh cp nc ti Nh my nhit in Sn ng

- Quy trnh cng ngh H thng nc kh khong: Nhim v ca h thng
x l nc kh khong l to ra nc m bo cht lng b sung vo chu trnh
hi nc cung cp cho l hi. Nc cp c t trm x l nc s b c
dn qua nhiu b lc v cc khi trao i trong quy trnh nc kh khong to
ra cht lng nc c yu cu. Mi dy chuyn nc kh khong gm c b
lc than hot tnh, b phn trao i Cation mnh, b kh kh, b phn trao i
Anion c s v b trao i hn hp.
Nc c dn qua dy chuyn nc kh khong theo trnh t: Bm nc
th B lc than hot tnh B trao i catin Thit b kh carbon B
nc trung gian Bm nc trung gian B trao i anin B trao i
hn hp anin B nc kh khong Bm nc kh khong Nh my
chnh (hnh 4.6).
Hnh 4.6. Chu trnh nc kh khong Nh my nhit in Sn ng

24
+ H thng x l nc thi: Chc nng ca h thng x l nc thi c

thit k x l nc thi ra t cc ngun khc nhau ti Cng ty. Trong h lng
bn than cc ht than c lng xung, nc c lm sch v thu vo h thu
nc sch. Nc sch sau c bm chuyn nc sch ti b cn bng, cc
loi nc thi ny c lm ng u thnh phn bng b khuy trn kh. Bm
vn chuyn nc thi t b cn bng ti b trung ho pH, bi vic thm
axit/kim. H thng khng kh c cung cp t ph di y b trung ho
thng qua qut kh v h thng dn ng kh. Ch nc thi t khu vc cha du
nhin liu v sn tuabin/thit b ng dn c dn qua b tch du. Du c
tch v bm vo b thu du thi; Nc c tch du v chuyn ti b gim st
trung tm s dng bm chuyn nc x l. Bn c c tch t y ca
lp lc v x vo trong h thu bn c, sau c nn to ra cc bnh bn
c thi ra mi trng. Nc lc c bm tr li b cn bng bi bm chuyn
nc lc.
4.3. H THNG THIT B KHU L
Cng ty nhit in Sn ng s dng l hi tng si tun hon loi HG433/9.8-L.WM20 kt hp vi t tuabin my pht loi 110MW, c th phi hp
khi ng v vn hnh nh p (trt p) vi tuabin. L hi l loi l bao hi
tun hon t nhin cao p cao n, s dng k thut t tng si tun hon, s
dng b cyclon cch nhit cao n phn li vt liu tun hon, thng gi cn
bng. Than s dng l loi than nu c cp t m than 45- Tng Cng ty
ng Bc. Thng s k thut ca l hi tn si tun hon v hnh nh cu to l
hi c th hin trong bng 4.1, hnh 4.7 di y:
Bng 4.1. Thng s k thut ca l hi tng si tun hon loi HG433/9.8-L.WM20
Hng mc
Lng bc hi ca
l
p lc hi chnh
Nhit hi chnh
Nhit nc cp
K
hiu
n
v
t/h
433
415
pgr
tgr
tgs
MPa
?
?
9.8
540
236
9.8
540
234
25
BMCR
BRL
Hnh 4.7. Cu to ca l hi tng si tun hon loi HG-433/9.8L.WM20

Vic s dng cng ngh l hi tng si tun hon c nhng u im ni bt
so vi loi khc l hiu sut chy ca nhin liu c ci thin, hiu sut kh
lu hunh cao nn gim c lng tiu tn vi, nhit lm vic thp, c
kh nng s dng c nhiu loi nhin liu khc nhau v cng trao i
nhit trong bung t cao. Nhit bung t thp cng c ngha l nhim
c gim v chi ph cho kim loi v thit b bung t c gim i.
Khi nng t bung la qua phn phn ly i vo ng khi nng ti hp
i lu (phn trn cng ca phn ui l) ri sau i xung qua cc b qu
nhit cp III, cp I, cp II, tip theo qua b hm nc v b sy khng kh.
Bung t ca l kiu h cu to bi cc tng ng nc ln (tng ng sinh
26
hi).
Ti bung la ca l hi tng si tun hon l s dao ng hn n ca
nhng ht nhin liu rn (nhin liu than, vi ng knh ht ln nht 1mm,
c ht trung bnh 0.25mm v tro x) phn thnh tng lp theo t trng ca ht
nhin liu v chiu cao bung la. Qu trnh dao ng ny chnh l nh vn tc
ca lung khng kh cp 1 c a vo t sn y ca bung la ln. Kt
qu ca gi vi vn tc ln ny to ra mt lng hn hp cc ht nhin liu rn
xui theo dng hn hp khng kh chy i ra khi bung la.Trong qu trnh
chy cc ht nhin liu gim dn kch thc v c trn k vi bt vi to
ra mt lp m nhin liu. S ho trn ny sinh ra mt vng tun hon nng
ca nhin liu chy bn trong bung la. Thi gian lu li trong bung la ko
di kt hp vi c ht nh v dao ng ri ca vng tun hon nng lm cho tc
kh lu hunh tt hn.
Lng tro x sn sinh ra c a ra ngoi qua h thng thi x y l (vt
thi x y,) v h thng lc bi tnh in qua cc ng vn chuyn x bng kh
nn a ln silo tro x, ti y tro x c a ln xe v vn chuyn i.
L hi tng si tng th l s cn bng bung la bng cch s dng qut
ht gi cn bng p sut ti nh bung t. Qut ht to ra p sut m, p
sut bung la im cn bng trong h thng cung cp gi o u vo h
thng phn li c gi p sut m. Gi cung cp vo l hi CFB ch yu t
hai ngun p sut dng l: gi cp 1 (PA - qut gi chnh) v gi cp 2 (FD qut gi tng). Qut khi c chc nng ht khi v bi ra khi l, bn cnh
vn phi lin ng vi cc qut duy tr c p sut ca l.
- Qut gi chnh 2 qut/l (gi cp 1) c nhim v to tng si cho l hi.
Nhin liu l than c qut ny thi bng bnh trong l (to tng) nhin liu
than c chy thnh lp. Qut gi ny c nhim v duy tr lu lng u vo
y l.
- Qut gi tng 2 qut/l (gi cp 2) c nhim v cung cp gi chnh
t nhin liu trong l. u ra ca qut gi ny l u vo ca qut cp 1 v l
u vo ca bn v tr cp gi cho l hi. Qut ny cng cn phi duy tr p lc
thng qua m ca ca van cnh gi.
- Qut khi 2 qut/l (ID- qut khi) c nhim v duy tr p lc ti im
t ht khi v bi ra khi l. Nu ht bi c kch thc qu ln n s ri
quay tr li l (tun hon). Ch nhng ht bi nh mi c qut khi ht ra
khi l.
Hot ng ca cc qut ny hin ti ang chy lin tc gi tr nh mc.
Vic iu chnh lu lng c thc hin bng cch thay i gc m van cnh
hng ti u vo (u ht) ca cc qut.
27
4.4. H THNG THIT B KHU TUABINE

Tuabin N110-8.92/535 l tuabin ngng cao p, n trc, xung hi, hai
xilanh, hai ng thot hi. Chc nng ca h thng Tuabine l bin nhit nng
ca hi nc thnh ng nng lm quay tuabin. Tuabin trc tip lm quay my
pht thng qua b ni trc. Tuabin c hai b phn l xilanh cao p v xilanh h
p, gm 26 cp trong c 7 cp trch hi khng iu chnh dng gia nhit
nc cp v kh xy vi cng sut nh mc 112MW.
Hi thot ca xilanh cao p thng qua ng dn hi a vo xilanh h p
tip tc gin n v tham gia vo qu trnh chuyn ho nng lng, cui cng
a n bnh ngng. Tuabin hi nc c cc c tnh thng s k thut nh sau:
- Kiu loi: N110-8.92/535
- Cng sut nh mc: 112MW
- Cng sut ln nht: 114.66MW
- Vn tc quay nh mc: 3000r/min
- Tn s li in: 50Hz
- p sut hi chnh: 8.92Mpa
- Nhit hi chnh: 5350C
- p sut hi trch: 0.008Mpa(p sut hi thot)
- Nhit nc lm mt ( trung bnh/cao nht ): 30/330C
- Nhit nc cp ( iu kin nh mc ): 233.860C
- Lng hi vo nh mc: 412.31 T/h (430t/h)
- Sut hao nhit bo m (iu kin nh mc): 9068.2 kg/kw.h
- Sut hao hi bo m (iu kin nh mc): 3.6813 kg/kw.h
Thng s hi chnh: Hi qu nhit thng qua van hi chnh in ng, van
hi chnh t ng, i qua 4 van hi iu tit i vo xilanh cao p. Hi sau khi
gin n trong xilanh cao p, qua hai ng ni i vo trung tm xilanh h p, chia
hai nhnh tip tc thc hin gin n trong xilanh h p, qua xi lanh thot hi i
vo b ngng, b ngng ngng hi thnh nc, i qua b gia nhit chn trc
bng bm ngng (b gia nhit chn trc c h thng ng tt (bypass), ng
tt (bypass) s m 1/3 mt phn nc ngng i vo b gia nhit chn trc),li
qua b gia nhit h p s 4, s 5, s 6, s 7, sau khi gia nhit chy vo b kh
kh. Sau khi b gia nhit gia nhit kh kh, bm cp nc tng p thng qua b
gia nhit tng nhit i vo l hi. B gia nhit cao p c van ng tt t ng,
khi b gia nhit cao p c s c, bm cp c th trc tip a nc ngng sau
x l vo l.
Mi t my c 1 my pht in kiu QFS -110-2, l loi my pht in
28
Tuabin hi nc lm mt trong bng nc (cun dy stato, roto lm mt bng

nc, li st lm mt bng khng kh). Thng s ca my pht in:
Cng sut nh mc: 110MW
Cng sut u ra lin tc ln nht: 112MW
Vn tc quay nh mc: 3000r/min
in p nh mc ca stato: 10.5kV
Dng nh mc ca stato: 7116A
Tn s: 50Hz
H s cng sut: 0.85
Vn tc quay ti hn: Giai on 1: 1462/1545r/mim
Giai on 2: 4500/4560r/min
in p kch t nh mc: 249V
Dng kch t nh mc: 1478A
Hiu sut my pht: 98.4
4.5. H THNG PH TR
4.5.1. H thng nn kh
Cng ty c 1 trm kh nn phc v sn xut vi s lng 4 my cng sut
160kW/380V. Kh nn c s dng vn chuyn vi, tro x, khu l (ct,
gt, my cng c).
Nguyn l lm vic: H thng c 4 my nn kh, thng s dng 2 my.
Kh nn c nn vo mi bnh tch p ca tng my s c ni chung vo mt
h thng ng ng cung cp ti cc ph ti.
My nn kh dng trc vt c vn hnh ch lin ng, s my nn
hot ng ph thuc vo p lc trong cc bnh cha. Cc my nn kh c iu
khin bng cc r le p sut, vi p sut t ca cc my nh: 5,86,8 bar,
5,96,9 bar khi p sut trong ng ng t ti p sut ngng trn th tng
ng vi my nn c p sut ngng trn thp hn s t ng c ngt ra. Tuy
nhin c im hot ng ca my nn kh trc vt l d c ngt khng nn
kh vo bnh nhng ng c vn hot ng ch gi ti, sau mt thi gian
nht nh nu tn hiu p sut khng gim ti mc ngng t di (mc t
ca my) th my mi dng ng c.
4.5.2. H thng chiu sng
H thng chiu sng phc v sn xut v an ninh ti Nh my c chia ra
cc khu vc nh khu vn phng (s dng n hunh quang 40W), khu vc sn
xut (s dng ch yu bng cao p 150W), chiu sng ng ni b (s dng
bng cao p 150W).
29
Trong h thng chiu sng ti khu l my, khi tro x, vi gn nh c

hot ng lin tc. i vi gian tuabin Cng ty tn dng nh sng t
nhin chiu sng vo ban ngy, gip tit kim lng in nng ng k cho
nh my (hnh :
Hnh 4.8. Hnh nh h thng chiu sng ti mt s v tr trong Nh my

nhit in Sn ng - Vinacomin
4.6. KT LUN
- T kt qu kho st cng ngh sn xut ca Cng ty nhnthy cc thit b,
cng ngh c s dng c cc ch tiu kinh t k thut ph hp v m bo
yu cu sn xut cng nh an ton lao ng. Cng ngh phc v sn xut m
bo yu cu mi trng, kh ton din v ng b.
- Cng ty s dng cng ngh l hi tng si gii quyt c ngun than
ca a phng t m than 45 Tng Cng ty ng Bc c cht lng than
nhit tr thp.
- Vic thit k s dng cc bunker cha cp liu cho khu l my nh
bunker than, bunker vi lm cho vic vn hnh h thng c m bo, liu
lun c cha lng bunker nn thun tin cho vic bo dng, sa cha
thit b in m khng nh hng ti khu l my.
30
Chng 5
NHU CU V KH NNG CUNG CP, TIU TH NNG LNG
5.1. CUNG CP V TIU TH NNG LNG
Cng ty s dng nng lng u vo l than, du FO v in t dng
sn xut ra in. Quy i cc loi nng lng ra TOE (tn du quy i) c
tng hp trong bng 5.1.
Bng 5.1. S liu tiu th cc loi nng lng v sn lng in sn xut
c trong nm 2012
Thng
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Tng
in t dng
MWh
14.091,03
14.426,76
17.785,91
17.219,42
10.196,73
13.944,84
12.650,10
9.379,29
11.998,09
11.321,36
17.787,56
17.013,66
167.814,73
Than tiu th
1.000 Tn
79.937,0
80.924,0
98.999,0
94.681,0
47.672,0
69.886,0
60.308,0
41.597,0
54.690,0
53.825,0
93.146,6
91.002,0
866.667,5
Du FO
Tn
121,3
67,5
0,0
0,0
163,8
108,0
55,6
0,0
103,2
110,7
21,3
51,9
803,2
TOE
41.938,9
42.461,5
51.838,1
49.629,3
25.443,9
36.951,6
31.964,5
22.149,5
29.117,5
28.590,1
49.002,8
47.826,1
456.913,8
T bng s liu tiu th nng lng ca Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng

Vinacomin nm 2012 ta xy dng c biu t l tiu th cc dng nng
lng nh sau (hnh 5.1):
Hnh 5.1. Biu t l tiu th cc dng nng lng nm 2012

31
T biu hnh 5.1 cho thy Cng ty tiu th than vi mc quy i

429.000 TOE (chim t l ln nht 93,89%) tng tiu th nng lng (456.913,8
TOE) nm 2013. in t dng quy i 27.118 TOE (tng ng 5,94%) v tiu
th du chim t l thp nht 0,17% (795,18 TOE). Tng ng chi ph nng
lng cho 3 loi nng lng in, than, du ti Cng ty nm 2012 c th hin
trn biu hnh 5.2 di y:
Hnh 5.2. Biu t l chi ph tiu th cc dng nng lng nm 2012

Tng chi ph nng lng cho sn xut nm 2012 ca ba loi nng lng l
638.952,27 triu ng. Trong chi ph cho than chim t l ln nht (69,42%),
chi ph tiu th in l 28,36% v chi ph cho nhin liu du Fo ch l 2,21%.
Nh vy chi ph nng lng cho sn xut in nng l rt ln, vic kho st v
kim ton nng lng l c hi gip xc nh c nhng im c tim nng
tit kim cho Cng ty.
5.1.1. Cung cp v tiu th in nng
Bnh thng nh my hot ng n nh, hai my bin p t dng TD91 v
TD92 cp in cho cc ph ti s c ly ngun trc tip sau my pht S1 v
S2, in p 10,5/6,9 kV 25 MVA. Cn trong trng hp c 2 t my cng c
dng bo dng v khi ng li s phi ly in ngc t li thng qua my
bin p T3 25 MVA 220/6,9 kV. Trong mng in c 2 my pht in d phng
cng sut 500 kVA (bng 5.2).
Cc ph ti s dng in 6 kV bao gm qut gi s cp, qut gi th cp,
qut khi, my nghin vi, my nghin than, bm cp nc l hi, bm nc
tun hon, bm ngng v cc my bin p phn phi.
Bng 5.2. Danh sch cc trm bin p ca Cng ty
TT
1
Cng sut
(kVA)
1.250
My bin p
Kch t s 1
32
in p (kV)
S cp
Th cp
10,5
520
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Kch t s 2
TD91
TD92
T3
MBA t dng h p s 1, 2
MBA kh bi s 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B
MBA x l nc s 1, 2
MBA nc tng hp s 1, 2
MBA nhin liu s 1, 2
MBA lm mt s 1, 2
MBA t dng chung h p s 1, 2
MBA p nc s 1, 2
MBA m than A, B
1.250
25.000
25.000
25.000
1.250
1.250
630
630
1.600
1.600
1.250
800
6.300
10,5
10,5
10,5
220
6,6
6,6
6,6
6,6
6,6
6,6
6,6
6,6
6,6
520
6,9
6,9
6,9
0,4~0,23
0,4~0,23
0,4~0,23
0,4~0,23
0,4~0,23
0,4~0,23
0,4~0,23
0,4~0,23
6,3
Theo thng k hng nm, lng in t dng ca Cng ty chim trn 12%
tng lng in nng sn xut. Gi in nng Cng ty phi mua t in lc
phc v sn xut, vn hnh thit b in trong nh my trung bnh l 1.080
VN/kWh. Trong khi gi thnh bn in ca Cng ty pht ln li in
Quc gia cho Cng ty in lc ch c 843,8 VN/kWh. iu ny nh hng
trc tip n chi ph sn xut in nng ca Nh my dn n nh hng ti
doanh thu v kinh doanh in nng hng nm..
Tiu th in nng v sn lng in sn xut ca Cng ty giai on nm
20102012 c th hin trong bng 5.3 v biu hnh 5.3 di y:
Bng 5.3. Tiu th in hng thng ca Cng ty nm 20102012
Nm 2010
Nm 2011
Nm 2012
Thng
N SX
(MWh)
T dng
(MWh)
N SX
(MWh)
T dng
(MWh)
N SX
(MWh)
T dng
(MWh)
49.450,05
6.718,38
89.857,62
11.259
121.116,77
14.091
13.753,15
2.609,99
47.860,81
6.592
124.429,10
14.427
58.478,27
7.281,90
56.267,32
7.690
151.686,68
17.786
70.462,43
8.794,97
124.691,14
14.982
144.775,67
17.219
24.452,41
3.939,35
128.362,88
15.280
72.057,72
10.197
35.819,03
5.191,55
136.495,74
15.547
105.725,00
13.945
38.689,57
5.410,66
64.784,12
8.833
89.011,00
12.650
65.956,14
8.267,23
149.302,18
17.178
62.823,00
9.379
52.827,25
7.191,86
125.736,49
14.629
82.958,00
11.998
10
99.788,83
11.970,95
120.544,12
14.327
81.923,00
11.321
11
62.637,51
7.948,47
122.217,82
14.260
147.410,00
17.788
12
100.880,00
11.785,99
75.361,23
8.896
139.896,00
17.014
Tng
673.194,65
87.111,31
1.241.481,47 149.472,96 1.323.811,94 167.814,73
33
Hnh 5.3. Sn lng in sn xut v in t dng nm 20102012

Nhn xt:
- T biu sn lng in sn xut v in t dng hnh 5.3 ca Cng ty
giai on 2010-2012 cho thy tiu th in t dng ca Cng ty ngy mt tng
tng ng mc tng ca sn lng in sn xut (chim 12,68%). V vy, vic
nng cao hiu qu s dng nng lng v tit kim in nng cn phi t l
mt trong nhng mc tiu hng u ca Cng ty.
- Vic vn hnh h thng in ca Cng ty do Phn xng Vn hnh in
m nhim. S in ca h thng c u ni thun tin cho vic theo di
v gim st mc tiu th in nng. Kp thi x l cc s c khng mong mun
xy ra khi vn hnh nh my.
- Cc thit b in u c kim nh nh k hng nm nhm m bo an
ton khi vn hnh h thng.
5.1.2. Cung cp v tiu th nhin liu (than, du)
Cc loi nhin liu c s dng phc v sn xut ti Cng ty bao gm:
du FO, du DO, than, vi. Than c ly t Cng ty TNHH 1TV 45 ri vn
chuyn bng tuyn bng ti dn t m vo Cng ty c x l ti khu x l
nhin liu vi kch c than a vo bunker l hi t 1-7mm. Du FO c nhp
vo b cha v bm tun hon trong ng ng,du c duy tr nhit
thch hp nhm m bo s dng t b sung hoc t l khi ng sau khi
dng bo dng.
Tiu th nhin liu ca Nh my Nhit in Sn ng trong nm 2012
c tng hp trong bng 5.4 v hnh 5.4 di y:
34
Bng 5.4. Tiu th nhin liu than, du ca Cng ty nm 2012

Loi nhin
liu
Than cm
Du FO
Khi lng s dng

(t/nm)
866.667
803,212
Nhit tr thp
(kJ/kg)
19.050,85
41.870
Hnh 5.4. Biu tiu th than ca Cng ty nm 2012

Trong nm 2012, mc s dng than ca Cng ty l 866.667,54 tn than
(cm v 6a). Vic s dng than khng u trong cc thng trong nm c th thy
l do s c v thit b l chnh v mt phn l nhu cu huy ng ca EVN. Tuy
nhin tnh trong c nm sn lng in thng phm ca Cng ty vn t c
ch tiu ra. Tnh trong nm trong 10 thng u nm 2013 theo thng k tiu
th 605.897 tn than.
Bn cnh , trong yu cu cng ngh ca l hi CFB khi t than c hm
lng lu hunh cao nn khi t phi b sung vi. Tuy nhin loi than Cng
ty ang s dng c trn ln nn hm lng trong than c mt lng
nht nh. Do vy ty thuc vo tng thi im c th m Cng ty s phi b
sung mt lng vi nht nh khi t. Tnh trong nm 2012 Cng ty ch phi
s dng 167 tn vi t km, tp trung vo cc thng cui nm. Vi vic
khng phi s dng vi gip Cng ty tit gim c tiu th in nng
ca khu nghin vi.
35
5.1.3. Cung cp v tiu th kh nn

H thng kh nn ca Cng ty c cung cp t 4 my nn kh trc vt,
c ch to ng b v hot ng c lp, trong mi my nn c thit b
iu khin vn hnh theo p sut t ti a v ti thiu.
Kh nn ca tng my c a vo bnh tch p ring, u ra ca tng
bnh tch p s c ni chung vo mt h thng ng ng cung cp ti cc
ph ti. S my hot ng ph thuc vo p lc trong cc bnh cha v c
iu khin bng cc r le p sut, vi p sut t ca cc my nh 5,86,8 bar
khi p sut trong ng ng t ti p sut ngng trn th tng ng vi my
nn c p sut ngng trn thp hn s t ng c ngt ra.
Tuy nhin c im hot ng ca my nn kh trc vt l d c ngt
khng kh vo bnh nhng ng c vn hot ng ch gi ti, sau mt thi
gian nht nh nu tn hiu p sut khng gim ti mc ngng t di (mc
t ca my) th my mi dng ng c. Nh vy do lng cp kh thay i lin
tc qu trnh hot ng ca my nn kh cng thay i tng ng, mc giao
ng p sut nn kh ln nn cng nh hng n hiu sut hot ng ca my.
S chu trnh h thng kh nn ti trm kh nn Nh my nhit in Sn ng
Vinacomin (hnh 5.5).
Hnh 5.5. S kh nn ti trm kh nn Nh my nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin

5.1.4. Cung cp v tiu th nc
L nh my nhit in nn Cng ty phi s dng mt lng nc ln
phc v cho qu trnh sn xut. Do c th v a hnh v iu kin t nhin,
36
p ng c v nhu cu cung cp nc buc cc nh thit k phi thc hin

vic chn dng sui to nn h nc d tr. Theo thit k c 2 h p: h s 1
c dung tch l 50.000m3, h s 2 c dung tch l 1.200.000m3, ti cc h p c
cc trm bm. T trm bm s 1 nc s c bm thng trc tip vo cc b
lng gia tc thc hin qu trnh keo t, x l cc tp cht huyn ph, tp cht
c gii., nc sau khi x l s b s c ly i phc v cho cc mc ch
nh: sn xut nc kh khong, nc phc v cng nghip, nc b sung lm
mt tun hon, nc sinh hot, nc cu ha..v.v... Trm s 2 c nhim v cp
b sung khi lng nc h p 1 khng p ng cho nh my (thng
vo ma kh).
+ H thng x l nc s b: Chc nng ca h thng x l nc th s x
l nc sau khi bm t sng Cu a vo 2 b cha. Ti y nc c x l s
b bng h thng Clo ho. Cc dung dch cht in ly c nh lng x l
nc th. Nc c lm trong v c chuyn sang lu tr trong b cha nc
lng.
Nc t b cha nc sch cung cp mt phn cho thp lm mt nh l
nc b sung, phn cn li c a ti b lc ct trng lc. B lc ct trng
lc thit k x l vi lu lng 40m3/gi.
Mt dng t ng ng u ra bm cp nc kh khong c ni n b
cha nc ung (NaClO c nh lng trc khi khi cp vo b cha nc
ung).
+ H thngnc kh khong: Nhim v ca h thng x l nc kh
khong l to ra nc m bo cht lng b sung vo chu trnh hi nc cung
cp cho l hi. Trm nc kh khong gm c hai dy chuyn, mi dy chuyn
c kh nng x l 20 m3/gi. Nc cp c t trm x l nc s b c dn
qua nhiu b lc v cc khi trao i trong quy trnh nc kh khong to ra
cht lng nc c yu cu. Mi dy chuyn nc kh khong gm c b lc
than hot tnh, b phn trao i Cation mnh, b kh kh, b phn trao i
Anion c s v b trao i hn hp. Nc c dn qua dy chuyn nc kh
khong theo trnh t: B lc than hot tnh b phn trao i cation b kh
kh b phn trao i anion b trao i hn hp v sau cp vo b cha
nc kh khong.
+ H thng x l nc thi: Chc nng ca h thng x l nc thi c
thit k x l nc thi ra t cc ngun khc nhau ti Cng ty. Trong h lng
bn than cc ht than c lng xung, nc c lm sch v thu vo h thu
nc sch. Nc sch sau c bm chuyn nc sch ti b cn bng, cc
loi nc thi ny c lm ng u thnh phn bng b khuy trn kh. Bm
vn chuyn nc thi t b cn bng ti b trung ho pH, bi vic thm
axit/kim. H thng khng kh c cung cp t pha di y b trung ho
thng qua qut kh v h thng dn ng kh. Ch nc thi t khu vc cha du
nhin liu v sn tuabin/thit b ng dn c dn qua b tch du. Du c
37
tch v bm vo b thu du thi; Nc c tch du v chuyn ti b gim st

trung tm s dng bm chuyn nc x l. Bn c c tch t y ca
lp lc v x vo trong h thu bn c, sau c nn to ra cc bnh bn
c thi ra mi trng. Nc lc c bm tr li b cn bng bi bm chuyn
nc lc.
+ H thng nc cp v nc lm mt:
Nc cp cho l hi s dng bm cp kiu YKS500-2, cng sut bm
1600 kW/6 kV. Nc lm mt c c phn tch thnh cc khu nh nc
lm mt h kn (lm mt cho cc gi trc tuabin), nc lm mt h h, nc lm
mt nc ngng ti bnh ngng.
H thng nc lm mt c chc nng lm mt cho nc ngng trong bnh
ngng, sau s c a i lm mt bng h thng qut thp gii nhit. Nc
lm mt c b xung t b lng, sau khi qua thp gii nhit s c bm tun
hon bm i gii nhit.
Theo kt qu kho st thu thp s liu ti nh my xy dng c biu
tiu th nc ca Cng ty theo cc thng nm 2012 c th hin trn hnh 5.6:
Hnh 5.6. Biu tiu th nc cc thng nm 2012 ti Cng ty Nhit in

Sn ng - Vinacomin
T biu hnh 5.6 nhn thy tnh hnh tiu th nc ca Cng ty cc
thng nm 2012 khng ng u. Thng tiu th t l thng 8 v thng 9, 10 iu
ny l do nh my i vo sa cha ln nn thi gian hot ng t. i vi cc
thng cn li th lng nc tiu th khng chnh lch nhiu. Thng 3, 4 v
thng 11, 12 c mc tiu th ln dao ng t 411.506 tn 431.994 tn nc
sch. Tnh trong nm 2012, tng lng nc tiu th ca Cng ty phc v sn
xut v sinh hot l 4.464.748 tn nc sch (c sn xut v sinh hot). y l
mc tiu th tng i ln, do vy Cng ty cng nn c c ch qun l vic tiu
38
th nc mt cch tit kim nh nghin cu ti u ha qu trnh x y, x lin

tc l hi, nng cao thc tit kim cho cn b cng nhn vin v tit kim
nc,...gip va gim c chi ph sn xut nc, va nng cao hiu qu sn
xut kinh doanh ca mnh.
5.2. KT LUN
Cng ty s dng cng ngh l hi tng si nn gii quyt c ngun
than ca a phng t m than 45 - Tng Cng ty ng Bc.
Ti khu vc kho than, vic cp than c thc hin lin ng t 2 pha
(Cng ty TNHH 1TV 45 v kho than Cng ty).
Vic thit k s dng cc bunker cha cp liu cho khu l my nh bunker
than, bunker vi lm cho vic vn hnh h thng c m bo, liu lun
c cha lng bunker nn thun tin cho vic bo dng, sa cha thit
b in m khng nh hng ti khu l my.
S in ca h thng c u ni thun tin cho vic theo di v gim
st. Phn mm c th lu gi thng s v c th truy xut khi cn v cc thng
s hot ng ca cc ph ti ln.
Sn lng in sn xut ca Cng ty trong cc nm t 2010 ti 2012 tng
trng u. i vi t l in t dng ca Cng ty cng c nhng s bin
ng tng ng. Ngoi in t dng, Cng ty cn cp in cho Cng ty TNHH
1TV 45 Tng Cng ty ng Bc sn xut khai thc than.
Trong Cng ty, in nng tiu th ch yu tp trung ti 2 khu l my, gm
nhiu thit b cng sut ln nh qut gi cp 1, qut gi cp 2, qut khi, bm
tun hon, bm cp... Do vy trong cc gii php tit kim in nng s tp
trung nhiu vo khu vc ny.
Vi vic s dng cng ngh l hi tng si tun hon nn Cng ty phi t
km vi nhm kh bt lng lu hunh c trong than.
39
Chng 6
RNG BUC V TI CHNH - K THUT V HIN TRNG TIU
TH NNG LNG CA CC THIT B CHNH TI NH MY
6.1. C S NH GI CC BIN PHP TIT KIM NNG LNG
6.1.1. Cc rng buc v ti chnh c bn
Ly nh mc chi ph v gi nguyn vt liu ti Bc Giang trong nm 2013
lm c s tnh ton. T gi quy i gia Vit Nam ng v USD l 1USD =
20.927VN.
V c bn cc gi tr sau y c xc nh nh gi cc bin php tit
kim in nng:
Tit kim in nng theo n v nhit (kJ hoc kWh)
Tit kim nng lng theo n v t nhin (t, lt, m3)
Tit kim chi ph in nng hng nm
Chi ph vn thc hin cc bin php tit kim in nng
Thi gian hon vn.
Cng thc tnh thi gian hon vn nh sau:
Chi ph vn ban u [nghn ng]
Thi gian hon vn =
[nm]
Tit kim chi ph hng nm [nghn ng/nm]
Bng 6.1 tm tt nhng rng buc v nng lng v tnh hnh s dng nng
lng ca n v c kim ton nng lng. Nhit tr ca nhin liu, h s quy
i TOE theo tn du quy i v lng pht thi CO2 l h s trung bnh dng
tnh ton trong bo co kim tonnng lng nm 2013 ca Cng ty Nhit
in Sn ng - Vinacomin.
Bng 6.1. Cc rng buc v nng lng v cc tiu chun
TT
Loi nhin liu v tiu

chun
n v
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Du th (tn)
Xng (1000 lt)
Du ho (1000 lt)
Nhin liu (Fuel)
Du Diesel (DO)
Du FO (A)
Du FO (B/C)
Kh ga ha lng (LPG)
Kh thin nhin
Nhin liu sinh khi ci
in
1 tn
1000 lt
1000 lt
1000 lt
1000 lt
1000 lt
1000 lt
1 kg
1000 m3
1 tn
MWh
Nhit tr
(MJ/n
v)
35,72
36,78
38,99
41,80
47,31
34,54
14,82
3.600
40
TOE (tn/n
v nhin liu)
1,018
0,8266
0,8767
0,8767
0,9006
0,9341
1,0009
1,2136
0,9771
0,3539
0,0860
HSPT tn
CO2/n v
nhin liu
2,45
2,62
2,86
3,2
2,97
1,83
1,46
0,413
12
in
11.630 kWh
1,0000
6.1.2. Chin lc ca Cng ty v s dng nng lng

Hin ti gi nhin liu ngy mt tng gim gi thnh sn phm cng vi
c ch hot ng ca Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng - Vinacomin. Ban gim c
ang xy dng tng bc hon thin cc danh mc cc d n u t tit kim
nng lng theo l trnh di hn.
Cng ty thng xuyn kt hp vi chuyn gia v nhit in cp nht
cng ngh mi i vi nh my nhit in. Thng xuyn nh gi hiu sut t
chy nhin liu, nghin cu phng n, th nghim lin tc vic ci tin nng
cao hiu sut t chy l hi tng si tun hon.
c c gi thnh in nng bn ln li n nh, t bin ng theo gi
nhin liu v nng lng u vo, Cng ty c k hoch v vn hnh hp l
trong qu trnh sn xut, thc hin cc gii php tit kim nng lng khng
phi u t v cc gii php tit kim nng lng u t thp, thi gian hon
vn nhanh.
Ngoi ra, trong chin lc di hn v s dng nng lng, Cng ty u tin
s dng nhng thit b tin tin, mc tiu hao in nng thp, thay th nhng
thit b c hiu sut thp bng thit b c hiu sut cao ph hp vi nhu cu sn
xut trong tng lai. ng thi s xy dng h thng gim st tiu th in nng
cho tng khu cng ngh ton Cng ty. Dn chuyn ton b vic qun l tiu
th nng lng theo "h thng qun l nng lng chun ca Quc t
ISO50001:2011".
6.2. HIN TRNG TIU TH NNG LNG TI CC PH TI
CHNH TRONG NH MY
6.2.1. Kim ton tiu th nng lng cho h thng thit b in phn xng
vn hnh
Nh my c 2 t my pht in t than l hi tng si tun hon 110MW,
s dng loi than xu ti ch, ch yu l than m khu vc gn nh my v lng
t than ch t ngoi vo. Than c ch qua ng ni b nh my n bi cha
than hoc t h than cung cp trc tip vo l hi p ng c nhu cu t
ca l.
Cng ty c 2 t my pht in t than l hi tng si tun hon 110MW,
s dng loi than xu ti ch, ch yu l than m khu vc gn Cng ty v lng
t than ch t ngoi vo. Than c ch qua ng ni b Cng ty n bi cha
than hoc t h than cung cp trc tip vo l hi p ng c nhu cu t
ca l
H thng cung cp v x l nhin liu bao gm cc khu cp than, cp
vi, x l tro x. y l cc nhin liu thit yu phc v qu trnh sn xut in
ca Cng ty. Hn hp than v vi c cp vo l hi, trong than a vo
41
nhm to ngun nhit n nh cn vi a vo nhm kh thnh phn SO2 c

trong khi thi ca l hi. Khu x l tro x s m bo cho vic x l x thi
sau khi t trong l. Cc khu vc ny u s dng thit b in h p v c
cp ngun qua my bin p khu vc.
6.2.1.1. Kt qu kho st v o kim tiu th in Khu x l nhin liu than
u vo
Cng ty s dng than t m than ca Cng ty 45, than c cp vo Cng
ty qua bng ti chnh, ti y chia thnh 2 hng cp than. Than a vo kho
than qua bng ti s 5, hoc than a thng vo h thng cp than. Than t kho
a qua bng ti 4 vo my nghin sau ln l qua bng ti s 2 v s 1, hoc
t bng ti cp than qua tuyn bng 3 a vo my nghin sau ln l qua
bng s 2 v s 1. Nh vy, nguyn liu than trc khi vo l c nghin theo
kch c nh trc v x l tp cht, s nguyn l h thng cp than (hnh
6.1).
Hnh 6.1. S nguyn l h thng cp than

- My nghin than (400kW):
My nghin than l thit b chnh trong khu x l than, than qua my
nghin s c nghin nh theo yu cu cng ngh trc khi a ti cc si l
42
cha than. Trong khu than, my nghin than l thit b c cng sut ln nht
400kW. Khu cp than s dng 2 my nghin trong mt my hot ng d
phng nhm nghin than m bo cp than lin tc cho khu l.
Kt qu o lng my nghin B cho thy khi my lm vic ch non
ti, cng sut hot ng Pnonti =54kW v h s cng sut 0,25, cng sut hot
ng khi ti n nh Pti n nh = 134kW, h s cng sut 0,45. Kt qu o lng
nh hnh 6.2.
Hnh 6.2. Biu cng sut hot ng ca my nghin than B

(P m = 400kW, Ptb = 134 kW, Cos=0,45)
- Bng ti 1B (15kW):
Bng ti 1B nhn than t bng ti 2B a vo bunke cha ca l 1, cng
sut nh mc l 15kW. Ti thi im o ch c 1 l hot ng nn lng than
cp trn bng khng nhiu, hn na do chiu di bng cp cho c 2 bunke
nhng khong mang ti ca bng vo bunke l 1 ch khong 30m nn tnh
trn ton chiu di bng h s mang ti ca bng s nh hn so vi khi cp vo
bunke l 2. Kt qu o kim tiu th in nng ca bng 1B c th hin trn
biu cng sut hnh 6.3 di y:
Hnh 6.3. Biu cng sut hot ng ca bng ti 1B

(Pm = 15kW, Ptb = 7,89kW, Cos=0,66)
43
- Bng ti s 4 (37kW):
Bng vn chuyn than t kho than a vo my nghin. Bng ti s 4 c
cng sut nh mc l 37kW. Kt qu o kim tiu th in nng ca bng s 4
c th hin trn biu cng sut hnh 6.4 di y:
Hnh 6.4. Biu cng sut hot ng ca bng ti s 4

(P m = 37kW, Ptb = 11,36kW, Cos=0,79)
6.2.1.2. Kt qu kho st v o kim tiu th in h thng qut gi v qut
khi l hi tng si tun hon
* Qut gi cp 1 (Pm= 1.250kW/6,6kV) l hi CFB Sn ng (gi s cp PAF):
C nhim v cung cp khng kh cho qu trnh si tng v chy trong
bung t qua cc vi phun gi sn y bung la. Khng kh ny c a t
ngoi qua b iu tit u vo qut gi s cp ri i vo b sy khng kh cp 1
ti hp gi. Nc ca hp gi (sn kim loi ca bung t) l mt sn cc ng
nc c lin kt vi nhau bi cc tm kim loi, cc tm ny c khoan
nhng l c hn cc vi phun gi kiu mi tn. Gi s cp sy nng i qua
cc ng phun trn ghi v hnh thnh dng khng kh c tc cao. Chng lm
cho cc ht nhin liu trn ghi c trng thi si v cung cp phn ln khng kh
cho qu trnh chy.
Trong qu trnh hot ng bnh thng ca l hi s 2, lu lng gi s
cp c t ng iu chnh gi tng lu lng gi s cp v nhit ghi n
nh. i vi nhit thp hn, gi s cp ti sn mi phun y bung la tng
tng ng vi s gim ca lu lng dng gi th cp ti cc vi phun gi th
cp.
- Kt qu kim ton qut gi s cp A - l hi s 2 vi mc m van cnh
hng iu chnh qut l 42,36% th cng sut lm vic trung bnh Ptb=
1014,98kW (Pm= 1.250kW), h s cng sut Costb= 0,92 v h s mang ti t
81,2% (hnh 6.5 6.6).
44
Hnh 6.5. Biu cng sut qut gi s cp A- l 2 khi dng phng php
iu chnh lu lng bng van cnh hng ( m van 42,36%)
Hnh 6.6. Biu Cos qut gi s cp A- l hi 2 khi dng phng php

- i vi kt qu kim ton qut gi s cp B - l 2 t cng tc t
28/103/11/2013 khi nh my hot ng vi 100% cng sut pht, vi mc m
van cnh hng iu chnh qut l 41,17% th cng sut lm vic trung bnh
Ptb= 1.027,4kW (Pm= 1.250kW), h s cng sut Costb= 0,92 v h s mang
ti t 82,2% (hnh 6.7, 6.8).
45
Hnh 6.7. Biu cng sut qut gi s cp B - l s 2 khi dng phng

php iu chnh lu lng bng van cnh hng ( m van 41,17%)
Hnh 6.8. Biu Cos qut gi s cp B - l hi 2 khi dng phng php

* Qut gi cp 2 (Pm= 630kW/6,6kV) l hi CFB Sn ng (gi th cp SAF):
Qut gi th cp l 2 cung cp khong 3040% tng lng gi cn cho qu
trnh chy trong l hi. Khng kh bn ngoi c a vo qua b gim m ri
i qua cnh iu chnh u vo trn qut gi th cp. Lu lng gi th cp
c iu chnh bi cc cnh iu chnh u vo ca qut. Sau khi ra khi
qut gi th cp, khng kh i qua b sy khng kh bng hi kiu ng xon v
mt phn gi th cp nh hn qua b sy khng kh kiu dn ng.
Vic iu chnh chnh xc lng gi th cp c thc hin ti mi v tr
t cc cm bin o:
46
- qu trnh chy trn cc lp l chy kit trnh nhit cao cc b dn ti

s hnh thnh NOx;
- thc hin thao tc tinh chnh i vi dng gi th cp, tinh chnh lng
khng kh tha trong khi thi (mc oxy) v hiu chnh l hi t hiu
sut ln nht;
- cung cp khng kh cho qu trnh chy khi khi ng vi phun;
Kt qu o kim qut gi th cp B - l s 2 khi nh my hot ng vi
100% cng sut pht. Thng s mc m van iu chnh qut l 59,75% th cng
sut lm vic trung bnh o kim c Ptb= 554,95kW (Pm= 630kW), h s
cng sut Costb= 0,91 (hnh 6.96.10).
Hnh 6.9. Biu cng sut qut gi th cp B -l s 2 khi dng phng

Hnh 6.10. Biu Cos qut gi th cp B l s 2 khi dng phng php

47
- i vi kt qu kim ton qut gi th cp A - l s 2 cng sut lm vic

trung bnh Ptb= 566,83kW (Pm= 630kW), h s cng sut Costb= 0,91 v h s
mang ti t 89,97% (hnh 6.11, 6.12).
Hnh 6.11. Biu cng sut qut gi th cp A -l s 2 khi dng phng

Hnh 6.12. Biu Cos qut gi th cp A -l s 2 khi dng phng php

Theo kt qu o kim v biu cng sut ca qut cho thy khi qut vn
hnh bnh thng th h cng sut u duy tr mc t l 90% cng sut nh
mc. Ngoi ra, do s dng van iu chnh lu lng gi cp cng s lm tng
tr lc trn ng ng. T lm tng tn tht in nng tiu th ca qut ni
ring v ca ton h thng cung cp gi cho l hi tng si ni chung.
* Qut khi (Pm= 1.250kW/6,6kV) l hi tng si nhit in Sn ng:
Khi hnh thnh t phn ng chy nhin liu trong bung t ri thot ra
48
pha nh l. Sau ti u vo h thng phn li, s i hng ca khi thi

lm cho cc ht nng hn b tch ra khi dng khi to ra s phn chia c ht.
Nhng ht nng hn, bao gm nhng ht than cha chy ht, ht vi cha
tham gia phn ng s ri xung phu ca h thng phn li v i vo on hi
lu, nhng ht ny i qua on hi lu cht rn si v i vo bung t.
Nhng ht nh hn (tro bay) vn cn tn ti trong khi s ra khi b phn
li pha nh ri i vo ng dn khi nng v qua tip phn i lu ca l
hi. Dng khi nng cha cc ht bi s i qua cc b qu nhit, b hm nc
v b sy khng kh c t ln lt phn i lu (ui l). Khi thi i vo
h thng lc bi tnh in, cc ht tro bay c tch ra khi dng khi:
Kt qu o kim qut khi A - l s 2 khi nh my hot ng vi 100%
cng sut pht. Mc m van cnh hng iu chnh lu lng gi vo qut l
51,37% th cng sut lm vic trung bnh o c Ptb= 1.001,41kW (Pm=
1.250kW), h s cng sut Costb= 0,88 v h s mang ti t 80,11% (hnh
6.13, 6.14).
Hnh 6.13. Biu cng sut qut khi A - l hi s 2 khi dng phng
php iu chnh lu lng bng van ( m van 51,37%)
49
Hnh 6.14. Biu h s Cos qut khi A - l hi s 2 khi dng phng

php iu chnh lu lng bng van ( m van 51,37%)
- i vi kt qu kim ton qut khi B - l 2 vi mc m van cnh hng
iu chnh lu lng gi vo qut l 52,49% th cng sut lm vic trung bnh
Ptb= 974,54kW (Pm= 1.250kW), h s cng sut Costb= 0,89 v h s mang ti
t 77,96% (hnh 6.15, 6.16).
Hnh 6.15. Biu cng sut qut khi B -l hi s 2 khi dng phng php
iu chnh lu lng bng van ( m van 52,49%)
50
Hnh 6.16. Biu Cos qut khi B -l hi s 2 khi dng phng php
iu chnh lu lng bng van ( m van 52,49%)
Tng hp kt qu o kim tiu th in ca cc thit b ti khu l hi CFB
s 1 v s 2 c th hin trong bng 6.3 di y:
Bng 6.3. Tng hp kt qu o kim tiu th in ca h thng qut gi,
khi ti khu l hi s 1 v s 2
V tr o kim
Qut gi s cp A - l hi s 1
Qut gi s cp B - l hi s 1
Qut th cp B - l hi s 1
Qut gi s cp A - l hi s 2
Qut gi s cp B- l hi s 2
Qut gi th cp A - l hi s 2
Qut gi th cp B - l hi s 2
Qut khi A - l hi s 1
Qut khi B - l hi s 1
Qut khi A - l hi s 2
Qut khi B - l hi s 2
Cng
sut
(kW)
Kt qu o kim
Ptb
(kW)
Qtb
(kvar)
Qut gi cp 1 v cp 2
1.250 933,08
423,1
1.250 981,75
411,9
630
442,84
223,1
1.250 1.014,98 426,2
1.250 1.027,43 433,6
630
566,83
256,8
630
554,95
253,2
Qut khi
1.250 907,95 474,74
1.250 903,77 497,27
1.250 1.001,41 533,92
1.250 974,54 508,40
Stb
(kVA)
Costb
h s
mang
ti (%)
1.024,5
1.064,6
495,9
1.100,8
1.115,5
622,3
610,2
0,91
0,92
0,89
0,92
0,92
0,91
0,91
74,6
78,5
70,3
81,2
82,2
89,97
88,1
1.024,53
1.031,49
1.134,88
1.099,18
0,89
0,88
0,88
0,89
72,64
72,30
80,11
77,96
6.2.1.3. Kt qu kho st v o kim tiu th in h thng bm cp nc nh

my nhit in Sn ng
* Bm cp nc l hi CFB cng sut 1.600kW/6,6kV
Mi T my u b tr mt h thng nc cp ging nhau cp nc cho
51
l hi CFB, mi h thng gm c 2 bm cp hot ng vi 100% cng sut mi

bm. u ht ca bm cp u trc tip vo b d tr nc kh kh, u y
ca bm cp u vo u vo b hm nc ca l qua bnh gia nhit cao p
gia nhit cho nc cp ti nhit t. Di y l hnh nh o kim bm cp
nc l hi CFB cng sut 1.600kW/6,6kV ti Sn ng (hnh 6.17):
Hnh 6.17. nh o kim bm cp 1.500kW/6,6kV l hi CFB ti Sn ng

Khi l hot ng bnh thng th 1 bm lm vic v mt bm c d
phng lin ng. Mi mt bm cp s p ng 100% cng sut cng vi d
phng.
c tnh k thut ca bm cng sut 1.600kW/6,6kV cp nc cho l hi
CFB ti Sn ng:
Kt qu o kim bm cp nc cho A l hi CFB s 2 t cng tc t
28/103/11/2013 khi nh my hot ng vi 100% cng sut pht. Trao i vi
cn b trc vn hnh h thng cho bit, mc m van iu chnh lu lng qua
bm l 100% th cng sut lm vic trung bnh o c Ptb= 1.271,09kW (Pm=
1.600kW), h s cng sut Costb= 0,87 v h s mang ti t 79,44% (hnh
6.18, 6.19).
52
Hnh 6.18. Biu cng sut bm cp nc B l hi CFB s 2
Hnh 6.19. Biu Cos bm cp nc B l hi CFB s 2

Tng hp kt qu o kim cc bm cp khc trong Nh my c thng k
chi tit trong bng 6.4 di y:
Bng 6.4. Kt qu o kim ng c bm cp cng sut 1600kW/6,6kV ti
Nh my nhit in Sn ng
Kt qu o kim
V tr o kim
Bm cp nc B - t 2
Bm cp nc A - t 2
Bm cp A - t 1
Cng sut
(kW)
Ptb (kW)
1.600
1.600
1.600
1.271,09
1.181,18
1.089,1
Qtb
(kvar)
Stb
(kVA)
Costb
706,26
680,87
648,29
1.454,19
1.363,39
1.267,57
0,87
0,87
0,86
h s
mang
ti (%)
79,44
73,82
68,07
Theo kt qu o kim trn cho thy cc ng c bm hot ng vi cng

sut trung bnh khi lm vic vi m van 100%. V vy, y l mt trong
53
nhng im c kh nng tit kim nng lng khi c p dng gii php hp
l.
* Kt qu kho st v o kim ng c bm ngng cng sut 185kW t 1
Chc nng ca bm ngng c dng bm nc ngng t bnh ngng
ra v cp cho b lm mt hi chn, a nc ngng qua cc bnh gia nhit h 1,
2 vo bnh kh kh. u ht ca bm ngng c u vo rn ca bnh
ngng. Mi bm m bo vn hnh 100% cng sut yu cu ca T my. Trong
qu trnh vn hnh bnh thng th 1 bm lm vic 1 bm d phng lin ng.
Kt qu o kim cc bm ngng khi ti ca my pht mc 100% cng
sut pht, khi mc ti ca my pht khc nhau tng ng vi iu chnh
van tit lu s khc nhau v th hin qua lu lng lm vic thc t. o bm
ngng A ca t my s 1 th cng sut lm vic trung bnh o c Ptb= 223kW
(Pm= 220kW), h s cng sut Costb= 0,86 v h s mang ti t 101,6%. i
vi bm ngng A t my s 2 th cng sut lm vic trung bnh o c Ptb=
221,56kW (Pm= 220kW), h s cng sut Costb= 0,87 v h s mang ti t
100,87%. Nh vy cc bm ngng ang hot ng vi mc y ti trong thi
gian vn hnh ca mnh.
Di y l biu cng sut v h s cng sut ca bm ngng s A l
hi s 2 c th hin trn hnh 6.20 v 6.21.
Hnh 6.20. Biu cng sut bm ngng A l hi s 2 khi my pht lm

vic mc ti 100%
54
Hnh 6.21. Biu h s cng sut bm ngng A l hi s 2 khi my pht

lm vic mc ti 100%
* Bm nc tun hon cng sut 800kW/6,6kV t 2
Nc mt t h p bm tun hon cng sut 800kW bm vo bnh ngng
qua cc gin ng nc trao i nhit vi hi nc ngng t trong bnh ngng
(hi nc sau khi sinh cng v ra khi gin cnh cui cng ca tuabine). p sut
bnh ngng c iu chnh m bo l chn khng. Kt qu o kim bm tun
hon D t my s 2 khi nh my hot ng vi 100% cng sut pht. Vi mc
m van iu chnh bm l 100% th cng sut lm vic trung bnh Ptb=
761,94kW (Pm= 800kW), h s cng sut Costb= 0,80 v h s mang ti t
95,24% (hnh 6.22, 6.23). Nh vy cc bm tun hon ang hot ng vi mc
ti kinh t v hiu qu, iu ny cn c duy tr.
Hnh 6.22. Biu cng sut bm tun hon D t my s 2 khi ti my pht

lm vic mc ti 100%
55
Hnh 6.23. Biu h s cng sut bm tun hon D t my s 2 khi ti

my pht lm vic mc ti 100%
* ng c qut thp lm mt cng sut 185kW/0,4kV
Kiu lm mt cho nc tun hon da trn cch thc trao i nhit kiu i
lu v s bay hi ca nc. Qut thp lm mt c chc nng to ra s i lu v
tn nhit cho nc. Cu to thp lm mt vi cc thit b nh: qut thp lm
mt, cc tm chia nc, b cha nc, cc li lc rc... Ngoi ra cn c h
thng cp ha cht x l vi sinh vt v cn ln trong nc, cc bm x thp.
Hnh 6.24. Thp lm mt nc tun hon

Kt qu o kim qut thp lm mt s 1 t my 1 khi nh my hot ng
vi 100% cng sut pht. Cng sut lm vic trung bnh Ptb= 115,23kW (Pm=
185kW), h s cng sut Costb= 0,86 v h s mang ti t 62,29% (hnh 6.25,
6.26). i vi qut thp lm mt s 8 th cng sut lm vic trung bnh o c
l Ptb= 149,46kW (Pm= 185kW), h s cng sut Costb= 0,88 v h s mang
ti t 80,79%.
56
Hnh 6.25. Biu cng sut qut thp lm mt s 1 t 1
Hnh 6.26. Biu h s cng sut qut thp lm mt s 1 t 1

Kt qu o kim cc ng c qut khc c tng hp trong bng 6.5 di
y:
Bng 6.5. Tng hp kt qu o kim cc ng c qut thp lm mt ti NM
N Sn ng
TT
1
2
3
4
V tr kim ton
tiu th in
nng
Qut thp lm
mt s 1 t 1
Qut thp lm
mt s 2 t 1
Qut thp lm
mt s 3 t 1
Qut thp lm
Kt qu o kim
Stb
Costb
(kVA)
Cng
sut
(kW)
Ptb
(kW)
Qtb
(kvar)
185
115,23
23,18
44,88
0,86
62,29
185
129,99
24,08
49,58
0,87
70,26
185
130,29
24,1
49,68
0,87
70,43
185
129,72
25,77
50,36
0,86
70,12
57
H s
mang ti (%)
5
6
7
mt s 7 t 2
Qut thp lm
mt s 8 t 2
Qut thp lm
mt s 10 t 2
Qut thp lm
mt 12 t 2
185
149,46
26,55
55,46
0,88
80,79
185
117,21
22,75
45,23
0,86
63,36
185
126,36
24,66
48,82
0,86
68,30
Nh vy, theo phn tch trn th y l mt trong nhng ph ti c tim

nng p dng gii php k thut gip tit kim nng lng cho Nh my.
6.2.2. Kim ton tiu th nng lng cho cc thit b khu x l nc
Nc trc khi a ln l phi m bo mt s yu t nh: nc phi
mm, khng c ln Oxi ti mt s v tr .v.v. mun t c yu cu nc
phi i qua phn xng ha hc. Ti y nc c lm mm, x l tp cht,
kh xi, thm ha cht chng n mn, ha cht nng nhit bo ha ca
nc.v.v.
Hin ti h thng cung cp v x l nc ti Cng ty c m t nh sau:
- Quy trnh cng ngh h thng tin x l: Nc t h thng nc b sung
t ngoi nh my B phn ly c kh B x l nc cng nghip Bm
x l nc B phn ly c kh t ng B cha nc th Bm nc th
- Quy trnh cng ngh H thng nc kh khong: Bm nc th B
lc than hot tnh B trao i catin Thit b kh carbon B nc trung
gian Bm nc trung gian B trao i anin B trao i hn hp anin
B nc kh khong Bm nc kh khong Nh my chnh.
- Bm 3 p 1 (160kW):
Bm c nhim v cp nc t p 1 v b lng ti Cng ty, bnh thng
hot ng 1 bm, van iu khin u ra m ht. Kt qu o lng bm 3 p 1
cho thy cng sut hot ng trung bnh Ptb = 146,5kW, h s cng sut 0,89
nh hnh 6.27 di y:
Hnh 6.27. Biu cng sut hot ng ca bm 3 p 1

(P m = 160kW, Ptb = 146,5kW, Cos=0,89)
58
- Bm 1 p 1 (160kW):
Bm cng c nhim v cp nc t p 1 v b lng ti Cng ty, bm hot
ng trng thi d phng. Kt qu o lng bm 1 p 1 cho thy cng sut
hot ng trung bnh Ptb = 155,16kW, h s cng sut 0,89 nh hnh 6.28 di
y:

(P m = 160kW, Ptb = 155,16kW, Cos=0,89)
- Bm 1 p 2 (280 kW):
Bm c chc nng cp nc t p 2 v p 1, trm c 1 bm v thng 1
bm hot ng, tuy nhin ch khi trong trng hp p 1 thiu nc th bm
mi hot ng. Kt qu o lng bm 1 p 2 khi vn hnh o lng cho
thy cng sut hot ng trung bnh Ptb = 307kW, h s cng sut 0,91 nh hnh
6.29 di y:

(Pm = 280kW, Ptb = 307kW, Cos=0,9)
- Bm nc kh khong 1 (15 kW) :
Bm c nhim v cp nc ln l hi, ct p 40m. Kt qu o lng bm
kh khong 1 cho thy cng sut hot ng trung bnh Ptb = 10,3kW, h s cng
sut 0,76 nh hnh 6.30 di y:
59
Hnh 6.30. Biu cng sut hot ng ca bm nc kh khong 1

(Pm = 15kW, Ptb = 10,3kW, Cos=0,76)
Tin hnh o lng tng t cho mt s thit b bm trong trm nc kh
khong nh Bm nc l s 2 (18,5 kW) c Pm = 18,5kW, Ptb = 12,63kW,
Cos=0,77. Bm nc trung gian s 1 (18,5 kW) c Pm = 18,5kW, Ptb =
12,11kW, Cos=0,76. Ni chung cc thit b bm trong h thng nc kh
khong c h s mang ti kh cao.
- Bm nc cng nghip (75kW): Bm c chc nng bm nc i lm mt
cho cc khi, qut gi, my nn kh, bm ngng. Nc sau khi i lm mt s
c a ti thp gii nhit hoc nc nhiu du than s a i ti khu x l
nc thi. Kt qu o lng bm nc cng nghip cho thy cng sut hot
ng trung bnh Ptb = 59,07kW, h s cng sut 0,83 nh hnh 6.31 di y:
Hnh 6.31. Biu cng sut hot ng ca bm nc cng nghip

(P m = 75kW, Ptb = 59,07kW, Cos=0,83)
- Bm nc sinh hot (18,5kW): Bm c chc nng bm nc i cung cp
cho cc khu vc sinh hot chung ca ton Cng ty. Hin mng cung cp nc
sinh hot ang s dng bin tn t tn s 35 Hz, p lc duy tr trong ng ng
>4kg/cm2. Trng hp p lc gim qu s a thm bm th 2 vo hot ng.
Bin tn c ci t iu khin 3 bm lun phin hot ng, sau 8 gi i bm
1 ln. Kt qu o lng bm nc sinh hot nh hnh 6.32 di y:
60
Hnh 6.32. Biu cng sut hot ng ca bm nc sinh hot

(P m = 18,5kW, Ptb = 7,72kW, Cos=0,83)
6.2.3. Kim ton tiu th nng lng h thng thit b ph tr
6.2.3.1. H thng chiu sng
i vi h thng chiu sng vn phng, phc v sn xut cng nh chiu
sng bo v ca Cng ty qua kho st hin trng nhn thy mt s im nh sau:
- Khu vc vn phng ch yu s dng n hunh quang 40W, h thng
hot ng ch yu vo gi hnh chnh.
- Khu vc l my ch yu s dng n cao p cng sut 150W, ban ngy
ch s dng mt s bng v s dng nh sng t nhin.
- Khu vc ng ni b v chiu sng bo v s dng n cao p cng sut
150W, thi gian hot ng ch yu vo bui ti v m.
- Khu vc vi, than, tro x s dng n cao p dng chiu sng, tuy
nhin khu vc ny c nhiu bi bn nn sng b nh hng.
61
Hnh 6.33. Mt s hnh nh v o kim nh sng ti Cng ty

Kt qu o kim cho thy mt s v tr c nh sng thp (c gi tr t
12,784 lux) nh ca gian my, khu vc thi x y l 1, khu vc ca kho vt
t, gian sa cha t, cng bo v s 2, kho than chy gn ht n chiu
sng, nh kh khong
Qua kho st v o kim nh sng ti cc khu vc sn xut, cho thy c
tim nng tit kim nh:
- Lp t cc bng n chiu sng cho cc v tr trong kho than v cc v tr
chy bng n cao p chiu sng.
- Thay th mt s v tr s dng bng n loi T8 trong nh vn phng,
iu hnh bng bng T5 tit kim in hn.
- Tit gim sng 55 bng cao p 150W chiu sng khun vin trong
Cng ty vo thi im mun sau 24h, bng cch gim in p cp cho n m
vn m bo sng phc v sn xut, bo v anh ninh ng thi gip tit kim
in.
6.2.3.2. H thng my nn kh
Thit b ph tr ti Cng ty h thng my nn kh, my nn kh hot ng
c lp cp kh nn vo bnh tch p, sau cc ph ti cn s dng kh nn
c cp t cc bnh tch ti. Kh nn c s dng vn chuyn vi, tro
x, khu l (ct, gt, my cng c). Trm kh nn bao gm 04 my nn kh
(160kW/380V) kiu trc vt, trong c 02 b sy kh nn bng in cng sut
Pm = 9 kW sy kh kh, dng kh nn sy kh ng m cc van trnh
va chm mi mn cnh van (hnh 6.34, 6.35).
62
Hnh 6.34. Chu trnh my nn kh 110kW ang s dng ti Nh my
Hnh 6.35. S kh nn ti trm kh nn Nh my

Trong qu trnh vn hnh, h thng cp kh nn thng s dng 2 my
chy lin tc v 2 my cn li d phng (ch vn hnh lin ng, s my nn
hot ng ph thuc vo p lc trong cc bnh cha). Kh nn c nn vo mi
bnh tch p ca tng my v c ni chung vo h thng ng ng cung cp
ti cc ph ti. Cc my c iu khin bng cc r le p sut vi p sut t
t P = 5,86,8 bar, t P = 5,96,9 bar, khi p sut trong ng ng t ti
p sut ngng trn th tng ng vi my nn c p sut ngng trn thp hn
s t ng c ngt ra (hnh 6.36).
63
Hnh 6.36. Biu cng sut my nn kh A v C (P m = 160kW)

c im vn hnh ca my nn kh trc vt khi c ngt v khng nn
kh cp vo bnh tch p nhng ng c vn hot ng ch gi ti, sau mt
thi gian nht nh nu tn hiu p sut khng gim ti mc ngng t di
(mc t ca my P) th khi my mi dng hot ng ng c. Kt qu o
lng thy trong qu trnh hot ng cng sut ca my thay i khng ln Pmax
= 168,46 kW, Pmin = 166,73kW. Cng sut trung bnh Ptb = 167,46 kW (160 kW
ng c chnh v 9kW b sy kh), h s cng sut 0,90. Nh vy, cc ng c
my nn kh ang hot ng qu ti trong thi gian mang ti, tuy nhin theo
phn tch th y l khu c tim nng gip tit kim in cho nh my.
6.3. KT LUN
Kt qu kho st v o kim tiu th nng lng ca cc ph ti Nh my
nhit in Sn ng - Vinacomin cho php rt ra mt s kt lun sau:
- S in ca h thng c u ni thun tin cho vic theo di v
gim st. Phn mm c th lu gi thng s v c th truy xut khi cn v cc
thng s hot ng ca cc ph ti ln.
- Mt s ng c cn hot ng ch non ti dn n hiu qu cha cao
nh cc bng ti, my nghin, cc ng c qut thp lm mt,...Mt s ng c
bm nh bm ngng, bm lm mt thit b ph hot ng hiu qu vi cng
sut trong di kinh t (8090)%Pm.
- Trong Cng ty, in nng tiu th ch yu tp trung ti 2 khu l my,
gm nhiu thit b cng sut ln nh qut gi, qut khi, bm tun hon, bm
cp... Do vy, cc gii php tit kim nng lng xut s tp trung vo khu
vc ny.
- H thng chiu sng ng ni b ti nhng thi im mun sau 24h s
c sng hn thi im trc do in p tng cao. V vy, y cng l cc
khu vc c tim nng cn thit phi ng dng gii php gip tit kim nng
lng.
64
Chng 7
XUT CC GII PHP TIT KIM NNG LNG
7.1. GII PHP KHNG CHI PH U T V U T THP
7.1.1. Nng cao thc v s dng in nng tit kim v hiu qu
Tuyn truyn cho ton th cn b, cng nhn v chng trnh tit kim in
nng nh:
- Nng cao thc cn b cng nhn vin thng qua vic ban hnh cc
pano, aphic v cc quy nh thng pht v vic s dng nng lng tit kim
v hiu qu;
- iu ho nhit ch c s dng vo ma h v ci t ch nhit
25 oC- 27oC kt hp vi vic bt qut tc thp. Phi ct in khi khng
cn ngi lm vic trong phng hoc ht gi lm vic trc t 20-30 pht.
- My vi tnh khi khng dng trong thi gian >30 pht nn tt my.
- Quy nh v thi gian bt tt cc bng chiu sng hnh lang v chiu sng
bo v (nu bt sm hoc tt mun cng gy lng ph in nng).
- Tuyn truyn nng cao thc ca cng nhn vn hnh lm gim thi gian
hot ng khng ti i vi cc thit b nh bng ti.
- Tnh ton, la chn st cng sut ca ng c, cng sut cc thit b cn
c chn ph hp vi ch cng tc sao cho chng lm vic vi hiu sut v
h s cng sut cao nht, vi ti bng 75 100% cng sut nh mc.
7.1.2. Gii php nng cao hiu sut ca my nn kh
- Hin tng r r ti cc van, mt bch, ng ng dn gy st p lm nh
hng ln n p sut lm vic ca cc thit b ng thi lm cho my lun lm
vic ch c ti gy lng ph in nng. Tp trung vo kim tra, khc phc
cc v tr khng kn lm gim hin tng r r, y l bin php tit kim in
nng n gin d thc hin khng phi chi ph ln, khi thc hin tt mang li
hiu qu rt ln.
- t p sut lm vic mc thch hp, vi cng loi my v ch lm
vic th my no lm vic p sut t ln hn th tiu th in nng nhiu hn.
V vy gi tr t p sut lm vic hp l cho my cng lm gim in nng tiu
th.
- Lm mt khng kh u vo v cc cp tip theo gim ti nn v tng
hiu sut ca my. Theo kinh nghim c mi mc tng 4oC ca nhit kh vo
th mc tiu th in nng s tng thm 1% duy tr nng sut tng ng. V
vy lm gim nhit kh ti u vo v cc cp tip theo chnh l cch tng
hiu sut my v tit kim in nng.
65
- S dng b lc kh u vo tt s ngn khng cho bi i vo trong gy tc

nghn van v lm mn xilanh v cc b phn khc.
7.2. GII PHP XY DNG H THNG QUN L NNG LNG
THEO TIU CHUN ISO 50001:2011
Vi mc tiu qun l v s dng nng lng tit kim v hiu qu, hng
nm Cng ty nhit in Sn ng - Vinacomin xy dng k hoch v ch tiu
tiu th nng lng cho cc khu sn xut. Tuy nhin, Cng ty cha c mt ban
chuyn trch v vn thc hin v pht trin cc k hoch & chng trnh tit
kim nng lng su rng. Cng tc xc nh mc tiu th nng lng cho cc
khu sn xut hin c Cng ty ban hnh giao ti cc phn xng, khu sn
xut v xy dng cc nh mc tiu th cho than, in,...Tuy nhin vn theo
di v xy dng cc chin lc s dng nng lng di hn nu c thc hin
mt cch ph hp s gip Cng ty thu c nhng hiu qu hn na. T y
nhn thy cn thit phi xy dng gii php p dng qun l tiu th nng lng
theo tiu chun ISO 50001:2011.
thc hin c gii php ny cn mt b phn qun l nng lng
chuyn trch vi nhim v ch yu l m bo vic s dng nng lng tit
kim v hiu qu c thc hin mt cch chuyn trch, t c th xy dng
k hoch giao khon v qun l nng lng mt cch c th v chi tit. c
th xy dng k hoch giao khon v qun l nng lng c chnh xc ti
hng ngy, hng thng theo sn lng sn phm ca mnh s cn thit thc hin
c l trnh r rng nh m t trn hnh 7.1:
Hnh 7.1. L trnh gim st v xy dng mc tiu s dng nng lng tit
kim v hiu qu ti Cng ty
66
T cc nh mc tiu th nng lng ca tng thng l c s tnh ton

v lp c biu tiu th in. Thc hin so snh cc nh mc hng ngy,
hng thng chn ra nh mc tiu th thp nht lm mc tiu cho hot ng
sn xut ca Cng ty (hnh 7.2).
Hnh 7.2. S nguyn l hot ng gim st v xy dng mc tiu s dng

Cn c theo Tiu chun ISO50001:2011 ban hnh ngy 15/6/2011 ca T
chc Tiu chun ha Quc t (ISO). Tiu chun a ra cc yu cu thit lp,
thc hin, duy tr v ci tin h thng qun l nng lng. H thng qun l
nng lng c thit lp gip Cng ty tip cn c h thng t c vic
lin tc ci tin hiu sut nng lng bao gm hiu qu nng lng, tiu th v
s dng nng lng.
Tiu chun ISO50001:2011 a ra cc yu cu c th p dng cho vic tiu
th v s dng nng lng bao gm:
+ Vn bn ha v bo co chi tit nng lng;
+ Thit k v lp t cc thit b tit kim nng lng cho h thng, cc
thit b trong qu trnh sn xut.
+ o lng, gim st tiu th nng lng cho Nh my;
Phng php tip cn khi xy dng v p dng h thng QLNL:
Tiu chun ISO 50001 c xy dng da trn m hnh ci tin lin tc
Lp k hoch (Plan) - Thc hin (do) - Kim tra (check) - Hnh ng ci
tin (Act) v c s kt hp cht ch gia QLNL vi cc hot ng thc hnh
hng ngy ca t chc. Cc bc c m t s b nh sau:
67
- Lp k hoch (Plan): Thc hin nh gi thc trng vic s dng nng

lng thit lp ng c s v cc ch tiu hot ng nng lng (EnPIs),
cc mc tiu, ch tiu v cc k hoch hnh ng cn thit t c kt qu
c xt n mi tng quan vi cc c hi hot ng nng lng v chnh sch
v nng lng ca t chc.
- Thc hin (Do): Thc hin cc k hoch hnh ng v QLNL.
- Kim tra (Check): Kim sot, o lng cc qu trnh v cc c tnh ct
li ca cc hot ng trong t chc, t s xc nh c cc hnh ng nng
lng i ngc li chnh sch, mc tiu v nng lng v bo co cc kt qu
thu nht c.
- Hnh ng (Act): Xc nh v thc hin cc hnh ng ci tin lin tc
hnh ng Nng lng v c h thng QLNL.
M hnh chi tit qun l nng lng theo tiu chun ISO50001:2011 c
th hin trong hnh 7.3:
Hnh 7.3. M hnh qun l nng lng theo tiu chun ISO50001:2011
L trnh thc hin m hnh qun l nng lng theo tiu chun
ISO50001:2011 ti Cng ty s b nh sau (bng 7.1):
68
Bng 7.1. L trnh thc hin m hnh qun l nng lng theo tiu chun
ISO50001:2011
TT
Bc thc
Trnh t thc
hin
hin
Xy
dng
chnh
sch Thnh lp i
nng
lng qun l nng
(cam kt ci lng
tin lin tc)
nh gi hiu
qu
Thit lp mc
tiu
Lp k hoch
hnh ng
Thc hin k
hoch
hnh
ng
Ni dung cn lm v lm
B nhim lnh o nng lng
Xy dng i qun l nng lng (song song
phi tin hnh xy dng h thng gin st qun
l nng lng)
Tm hiu chnh sch nng lng ca n v

Nghin cu chnh
khc cng m hnh v kh nng ng dng vo
sch nng lng
n v
Qun l v thu Thu thp d liu, s dng thng tin chung qua
thp d liu
ti liu trong thi gian hot ng
Xy dng ng c s xc nh im bt u
Xy dng ng ca qu trnh o m
c s v so snh
So snh hiu qu s dng nng lng hin ti
vi ng c s
Nm bt c m hnh v xu hng vic s
Phn tnh v nh dng nng lng ca n v
gi
nh gi hot ng hiu qu ca h thng c s
v thit b xc nh tim nng ci thin
pht trin cc Xc nh phm vi thc hin
mc tiu thc c tnh tim nng ci tin
hin c hiu qu
Thit lp mc tiu
Thit lp cc mc
tiu cn s gip a ra cc ngh v vn cn phi c s
ca lnh o quyt nh ca cc cp lnh o
nng lng
Cc thnh vin trong i qun l nng lng
nghin cu qu trnh sn xut, qu trnh hot
ng thng qua ti liu thu c tm im
Xc nh cc
nng v s dng nng lng.
bc k thut
Sau khi xc nh c im nng ta tm hiu
thc hin v mc
yu t gy lng ph nng lng
tiu
Nghin cu cc phng n k thut ci tin
vic tiu th nng lng
Lp cc bc thc hin nhim v ci tin ny
Sau khi thu thp cc ci tin ta tin hnh xc
nh vai tr (mc u tin i vi tng gii
Xc nh vai tr php)
v ngun lc
Song song vi vic xc nh mc u tin ta
xc nh thm ngun lc u t cho gii
php ci tin
Xc nh thi gian, phm vi, mc , khu vc
Xy dng k
cn truyn thng v s dng nng lng
hoch
truyn
Xy dng ni dung tuyn truyn v s dng
thng
nng lng tit kim
Thc hin cng tc truyn thng m bo mi
Nng cao nhn
cn b cng nhn vin u nm bt c ni
thc
dung
69
Xy dng nng
lc
Thc y
thc hin
vic
Theo di v gim
st
Kt qu o lng
nh gi tin
Ghi nhn thnh

tch
Xem xt k hoch
hnh ng
Cung cp s cng
nhn ni b
Nhn c s
cng nhn t bn
ngoi
Thc hin xy dng v hon thin cc sng kin

lin quan n s dng nng lng tit kim
o to cn b chuyn trch
Thc hin kim ton nng lng v trin khai
cc d n u t cc gii php tit kim theo l
trnh
Tin hnh cng tc hon thnh qu trnh u t
xy dng h thng , thit b tit kim mt cch
nhanh nht c th
Thng xuyn theo di, gim st hot ng ca
h thng qun l nng lng
Tng cng cc bo co thng k ca cc
thnh vin i qun l nng lng
Thu thp, lu tr kt qu o lng, phn loi
mi kt qu tng ng cho tng thit b
Phn tch kt qu t c v so snh
T kt qu o lng ta tin hnh so snh vi
mc tiu v tin hnh iu chnh k hoch hnh
ng sao cho hp l
nh gi kt qu thc hin s dng nng lng
hiu qu ti cc n v
Khen thng v k lut hp l i vi cc
trng hp tiu biu v s dng hiu qu v
khng hiu qu
Cng nhn v to iu kin nhn rng cc sng
kin v s dng nng lng tit kim
Cng b v thc hin ng k vi cp trn v
nhng hnh thc, n v, c nhn s dng hiu
qu nng lng
Bng 7.2. Tim nng tit kim khi p dng gii php xy dng h thng
qun l nng lng theo ISO50001:2011
TT
1
2
3
Lng tiu th
Loi nng lng
(MWh/nm;
tn/nm)
in
167.814,73
Than
866.667,54
Du
803,21
Tng chi ph TK
Lng tit kim

(kWh/nm;
tn/nm)
167.814,73
433,33
0,40
Tng chi ph
tit kim
(1000VN)
181.239,91
221.791,16
7.065,02
410.096,09
7.2.2. Phn tch hiu qu kinh t

Bng 7.3. Phn tch hiu qu kinh t khi p dng gii php xy dng h
thng qun l nng lng theo ISO50001:2011
TT
1
Tn gii php
CPTK
(1.000/nm)
CPT
(1.000)
TGHV
(nm)
410.096
480.000
1,17
410.096
480.000
1,17
GP1 Xy dng h thng qun l

nng lng theo ISO50001:2011
Tng
70
Gii php xy dng h thng qun l nng lng theo tiu chun
ISO50001:2011. c tnh phn tit kim nng lng t 0,05%-0,1% tng nng
lng tiu th ton Nh my. Theo phn tch cc ch tiu kinh t - k thut th
thi gian thu hi vn gin n khi u t gii php l 1,17 nm (14 thng).
7.3. GII PHP TIT KIM COHERENT GIM NNG LNG HOT
HA CA THAN TRC KHI A VO T TRONG L HI CFB
7.3.1. Gii php k thut
Kho than
Kho than c kh nng cha khong 10.500 tn than. s dng cho nh

my trong thi gian 6,83 ngy. Hnh 7.4 th hin s b tr kho than hin ti
ca Nh my nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin:
B5
B4
B1A
B1B
B2A
B3A
B2B
B Nguyn Khai
B3B
Hnh 7.4. S hin trng khu vc kho than ti Nh my

Phng thc vn hnh h thng vn chuyn than nh sau:
- Tr than: My chuyn than thng qua bng ti s 5, my nh ng
cp than v d tr than ti kho than kh.
- a than ln: Do my chuyn than i qua bng ti 3A, 2A, 1A,B vo
bunke than nguyn t s 1 -4.
71
- a than ln: Do my chuyn than i qua bng ti 3B, 2B, 1A, B vo

bunke than nguyn t s 1-4.
- a than ln: my ngom than kiu cu, bunke than ngm, bng ti 2A,
1A, B, a vo bunke than nguyn s 1-4.
- a than ln: my ngom than kiu cu, bunke than ngm, bng ti 2A,
1A, bng ti B a vo bunke than nguyn s 1-4.
Khi cp than ln c th ng thi s dng my cp than t m v my
ngom than, cng c th la chn mt trong hai tuyn (hnh 7.5).
Hnh 7.5. S cung cp v x l than ti Nh my Nhit in Sn ng

72
Theo nghin cu mc tit kim than cao nht, l tng t c hin

nay trn th gii l 1-2%. Cc nh bc hc Ucraina pht minh ra mt phng
php hon ton mi, ng dng mt cng ngh cha tng c trn th gii t
c mc tit kim than trung bnh l 10-16%. Lng than tit kim ti a c
th t c l 24%. Cng ngh ang c thc nghim v p dng tng i
hiu qu cho l hi t than phun, tng si tun hon (CFB) ti Ba lan v Cng
ha Sc l cng ngh x l than Coherent (t nm 2006 n nay). Cng ngh
Coherent cho php gim mc tiu th than cp cho l, ng thi gim lng
pht kh thi (CO 2, NO x, SO x) xung mc gii hn cho php. Cng ngh
Coherent cng c trin lm ti cc hi ch cng ngh th gii nh Nga,
c, M, n ,
i vi qu trnh chy trong l hi, than c a trc tip vo bung la
cng vi h thng gi cp 1 v cp 2. Qu trnh chy din ra trong bung t
theo phng trnh chy nh sau:
C + O2= CO 2
Qu trnh chy din ra cn thu vo nhit lng c tnh nh sau:
dA=Tds - dU;
trong :
- dA: Nng lng cp cho qu trnh chy;
- Tds: Tng nng lng di dng nhit cp vo;
- dU: Nng lng cn cho qu trnh thay i cu trc phn t (Nng lng
nhit ng hc hay nng lng cn thit cc phn t phn ng vi nhau);
dU
=
dt
th
lv
dm
dt
RT
= Qthlv mkT e Ea
h
trong :
-
th
Q : nhit tr thp lm vic ca than;

lv
- m: khi lng than chy;

- k: hng s Boltznman; h: hng s Blank;
- Ea: Nng lng hot ha l hng ro nng lng ti thiu cn thit
phn ng chy xy ra. Khi nng lng hot ha cng thp, iu chng t
phn ng chy nhin liu cng xy ra nhanh hn.
73
Nhng nghin cu thay i nng lng hot ha ca than trng thi cn

bng (trng thi c bn ca Carbon) v trng thi kt hp Coherent c tin
hnh ti Trng i hc bch khoa Chenstokhovskaya - Ba lan (bng 7.4).
Bng 7.4. So snh tit kim nng lng hot ha trng thi kt hp
coherent v trng thi cn bng
TT
Trng thi than
Nng lng hot

ha (kJ/mol)
Tit kim nng

lng hot ha (%)
Cn bng
378
Coherent
164
56,7
trng thi Carbon c bn ny, theo l thuyt nhit ng hc cn phi

cung cp nng lng hot ha ln hn 378kJ/mol (l nng lng c bn) kch
hot carbon phn ng chy. Khi a than v trng thi kt hp Coherent, nng
lng hot ha gim i 56,7% so vi trng thi cn bng. Vi cng ngh x l
than kiu mi, nng lng hot ha gim nhng vn m bo c nhit nng
cn thit cung cp cho phn ng chy trong bung t l hi.
Thc nghim cng ngh Coherent l hi s dng cng ngh than phun
(loi than nu) ca nh my nhit in cng sut trn 200MWh ti Ba Lan nm
20062007. Phn tch kt qu thc nghim xy dng biu mi quan h
gia tiu hao than (n v quy i GJ) cho sn xut ra 1MWh trng thi cn
bng v trng thi kt hp Coherent (hnh 7.6).
Hnh 7.6. Hiu qu tit kim nng lng t than trng thi coherent
v trng thi c bn i vi l c cng sut trn 200MWh
74
B1B
Kho 1
B4
B1A
B2A
B5
Kho 2
Kho 3
Tnh hiu qu kinh t khi s dng than c chng minh gim n 16%, c
th ti a gim ti 24% tng lng than cp cho l hi trong mt nm. Ngoi ra
trong qu trnh th nghim lng kh 2, N2 v S 2 thi vo khng kh c
o v s liu ghi nhn vo h thng computer ca nh my nhit in s dng
cng ngh than phun ti Ba Lan. Cn c vo nghin cu v kt qu kho st ti
nh my chung ti xy dng s ci to kho than p dng gii php
Coheren nh hnh 7.7 di y:
B Nguyn Khai
B3A
B3B
B2B
Hnh 7.7. Kho than sau khi ci to lp thit b tng cng t chy than
Kho than c gi nguyn thit k ngoi v chia lm 3 khoang vi sc
cha mi khoang l 2.700 tn cung cp cho nh my hot ng khong 1,79
ngy. Tng sc cha ca 3 khoang l 8.100 tn cung cp cho nh my hot
ng trong thi gian 5,36 ngy.
S lp t thanh kch hot Coherent trong tng khoang
Cng ngh ny bao gm 01 my pht c bit c mun, h thng truyn
dn v b hot ha c chn di nn ca kho cha than . Cng ngh ny
khng i hi bt k mt thay i k thut hay cng ngh c nh hin ti no
ca Nh my. S b tr lp t b pht c bit v cc mun thc t trong
kho than th hin trn hnh 7.8 di y:
75
Hnh 7.8. S lp t b pht lm gim nng lng hot ha than nhm

nng cao hiu qu t than- gii php tit kim than coherent coal
Sau khi lp t h thng mi quy trnh vn hnh ca kho than c thay
i nh sau:
- Than c a vo nh my qua bng ti nguyn khai v my nh ng
vo khoang kho 1 trc. Sau khi cp khong 2.700 tn, cc thanh kch hot
Coherent c khi ng, than trong khoang kho 1 sau thi gian kch hot 24h
l c th c a vo l bng h thng bng ti B4, vo my nghin, ln bng
2, bng 1 sau i vo silo than trn nh l.
- Trong thi gian kch hot ti khoang 24-1, than vn c cp vo khoang
24-2, nu than trong khoang 24-2 y my nh ng li di chuyn sang khoang
24-3. Thi gian s dng ca mi khoang phi m bo c ti thiu l 1 ngy
m bo than c kch hot tt. Chu trnh s dng than trong hai khoang
24-2 v 24-3 c lp li tng t trong khoang 24-1.
Than c gi trng thi coherent trc khi a vo l, thi gian duy tr
trng thi l 8h. Thi gian lp t v th nghim cng ngh coherent l 45 ngy.
Tnh ton hiu qu kinh t vi gii php lp t b pht coherent. Tuy
nhin c s liu c th v chi tit thc t hn na, Cng ty cn phi hp vi
Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh M tin hnh trin khai p dng lp t th nghim
Cng ngh coherent. Kt qu thu c sau thc nghim lp t s l c s nh
gi tnh kh thi trin khai cc bc tip theo ca gii php (hnh 7.9).
76
Hnh 7.9. Biu t l tiu th than trc v sau khi kch hot Coherent
7.3.2. Hiu qu kinh t gii php
Bng 7.5. Phn tch hiu qu kinh t khi p dng gii php tit kim
Coheren gim nng lng hot ha trc khi a vo t trong l hi
Tn gii php
Than TK
CPTK
(tn/nm) (1.000/nm)
Gii php tit
kim coherent
Tng
(nm)
HSHV
ni ti
(%)
GTHT
thun
(1.000)
CPT
TGHV
(1.000)
9.553,3
4.879.406
12.500.000
2,56
20,55
1.430.597
9.553,3
4.879.406
12.500.000
2,56
20,55
1.430.597
Theo phn tch v hiu qu kinh t trong thi gian 5 nm th thi gian
hon vn l 2,53 nm, h s hon vn ni ti l 20,55% ln hn li sut ti thi
im d n l 15%, NPV>0. Nh vy v mt kinh t di php hon ton hiu
qu, cng ty cn tin hnh nghin cu v p dng ngay m bo hiu qu s
dng than.
7.4. GII PHP LP THIT B BIN TN TIT KIM NNG LNG
CHO CC NG C IN
7.4.1. Gii php lp bin tn tit kim in nng cho cc qut gi, qut khi
ca Nh my
7.4.1.1. Hin trng
Cng ty nhit in Sn ng ang s dng loi l hi tng si tun hon
CFB (circulating fluidized bed). y l cng ngh tin tin v qu trnh chy
tun hon lm nhin liu than cp vo gn nh chy ht. H thng qut gi s
cp, th cp v qut khi l thit b quan trng nh hng trc tip ti ch
kh ng ca l, hiu sut chy ca l.
Qut gi cp 1 (PA-qut gi chnh) ng vai tr quan trng trong qu
trnh lm vic ca l hi. Phn ln lng gi cp 1 c nhim v to tng si cho
77
l hi. Nhin liu l than c qut ny thi bng bnh trong l (to tng)
nhin liu than c chy thnh lp. Qut gi ny c nhim v duy tr lu lng
u vo y l. Ngoi ra, gi u ra ca qut gi cp 1 cn c vai tr khc nh
cung cp gi chn kh cho cc h thng cp than, cp vi v chn van L.
Qut gi cp 2 (FD- qut gi tng) lm nhim v cung cp gi chnh
t nhin liu trong l. Ti u y ca qut gi cp 2, gi c chia lm hai
(gi cp 1 v gi cp 2). Gi cp 1 i vo u ht qut gi cp 1. Gi cp 2 i
vo b sy khng kh cp 2 sau c chia ra v i vo cc vi phun gi cp 2
mc trn, mc di v vo hai vi du khi ng.
Qut khi (ID- qut khi) s dng vn chuyn sn phm chy ra khi
l hi mt cch c hc bng cch duy tr p sut m pha trc qut khi. Nu
ht bi c kch thc qu ln n s ri quay tr li l (tun hon). Ch nhng
ht bi nh mi c qut khi ht ra khi l. Cc qut ny hin ti ang
chy lin tc gi tr nh mc. Vic iu chnh lu lng c thc hin bng
cch thay i gc m van cnh hng ti u vo (u ht) ca cc qut. Thng
s c bn h thng qut l hi th hin trong bng 7.6 di y.
Bng 7.6. Thng s c bn h thng qut gi cp 1, 2 v qut khi
TT
Tn thit b
Qut gi cp 1
Qut gi cp 2
Qut khi
Kiu v tiu chun

Qut model: RJ29-SW2410F
Lu lng gi: 158.306 m3/h
p lc tng: 23295 Pa
Mt ca vo: 1,16 kg/m3
Tn s: 50Hz
Cng sut: 1250 kW
in p: 6600 V
Tc : 1480v/ph
Qut model: RJ30-SW2100D
Lu lng gi: 105101m3/h
p lc tng: 17563 Pa
Tn s: 50Hz
Cng sut: 630 kW
in p: 6600 V
Tc : 1480v/ph
Qut model: RJ29-SW2410F
Lu lng gi: 419486m3/h
p lc tng: 7798Pa
Cng sut: 1250kW
in p: 6600V
Tn s: 50Hz
Tc : 980v/ph
78
7.4.1.2. Gii php iu khin

Hin ti, cc qut gi ca nh my chy lin tc vi tn s ti a 50Hz. H
thng DCS iu khin gc m van cnh hng pha trc qut duy tr p lc
ng ng ph hp. H thng s dng b iu khin PI. Tn hiu phn hi t
cm bin o p lc, tn hiu t cho b iu khin do h thng DCS c tnh
ton t gi tr t v t nhiu cc thng s khc nhau (hnh 7.10).
Hnh 7.10. iu khin vng kn cnh gi theo p lc

Khi thay th iu khin gc m van cnh hng bng iu khin tc
bin tn cn m bo cc yu t sau:
- c tnh iu khin phi c gi nguyn v khng lm nh hng n
hiu sut lm vic ca nh my.
- Khi b sung thit b mi vn phi duy tr thit b c. Khi bin tn (thit
b mi b xung) b li v ct khi h thng iu khin ng c, h thng phi
m bo chuyn v hot ng vi thit b c theo ng quy trnh khi ng
nng ca nh my.
- Trong ch hot ng bnh thng, vic vn hnh cng c th chuyn
v hot ng thit b c khi cn thit.
- Ch iu khin mi tng thch vi cc ch iu khin chung ca
nh my.
* Gii php iu khin
Khi b xung bin tn cho qut th vn duy tr ch iu khin c d
phng cho bin tn khi gp s c hoc bo dng. Nh vy qut c th chy
mt trong hai ch : ch c iu khin gc m van cnh hng hoc ch
mi iu khin tc ng c bng bin tn. Bin tn c lp vo h thng
thng qua hai cu dao o chiu m bo c th chuyn i gia hai ch lm
vic d dng. Trong h thng iu khin DCS b sung thm phn iu khin
qut gi bng bin tn. Cc tnh ton im t p lc, tn hiu phn hi, cc tn
hiu lin ng ca phn iu khin gc m van cnh hng u c trch song
song a vo i tng mi. Ngoi ra mt s tn hiu trng thi bin tn my ct
cng cn c b sung vo h thng DCS phi hp iu khin gia hai ch
. Trn mn hnh iu khin cn b sung thm phn chuyn i gia hai ch
79
v theo di trng thi lm vic ca bin tn, my ct. S iu khin chi tit
c th hin trong cc bn v k thut km theo (hnh 7.11).
Select
Setpoint
+
Old PI
Damper
New PI
Drive
p lc u
ra
Ch la chn 1
Ch la chn 2
Hnh 7.11. iu khin vng kn khi b sung thm bin tn
Phn mm c 2 ch la chn:
+ Ch la chn 1 c s dng khi thit b c s c hoc yu cu chy
th
+ Ch la chn 2 l ch ti u: n v thit k li phn mm c
phng n tnh ton kt hp vic iu khin van cnh hng v bin tn. Trong
2 tn hiu u vo l im t p sut v lu lng, kt hp p sut iu
khin ca van cnh hng v lu lng ca bin tn thnh 2 vng iu khin, 2
tn hiu u ra l tn hiu p sut v lu lng. Khi vn hnh bnh thng van
cnh hng thng c t c nh, ch lc no bin tn iu khin qut khng
t c p sut mong mun lc van cnh hng mi iu khin thay i
gc m.
B iu khin PI ca bin tn cn c tnh ton li cho ph hp vi i
tng iu khin mi phi m bo b iu khin hi t. Ch mi vn m
bo tng thch vi ch vn hnh t ng v bng tay ca h thng. Trn
mn hnh giao din vn hnh cn b sung thm:
80
- Ca s chn ch iu khin bin tn hoc damper.

- Ca s t thng s b iu khin PI cho bin tn.
- Ca s gim st trng thi bin tn v my ct.
* M t tn hiu vo/ra
Ton b cc tn hiu kt ni vo h thng iu khin ca qut, ng c v
cc tn hiu lin ng khc s c gi nguyn v bao gm:
- Tn hiu s u ra chy ng c
- Tn hiu s bo li ng c v l u vo ca h thng DCS
- Tn hiu tng t bo nhit ca ng c
- Tn hiu ra tng t iu khin gc m van cnh hng
- Tn hiu s u vo bo m van cnh hng
- Tn hiu s u vo bo ng ht van cnh hng
- Tn hiu s u vo bo m ht van cnh hng
- Cc tn hiu lin quan khc
Ngoi ra cn b sung thm mt s tn hiu vo ra ca bin tn v my ct
c th nh sau:
- Tn hiu iu khin tng t 4-20mA ca b PI mi s a sang iu
chnh tc bin tn.
- Tn hiu phn hi tn s bin tn 4-20mA ly t mt u ra tng t ca
bin tn.
- Cc lnh chy/dng/ reset bin tn c ly t DCS chnh l cc lnh
chy/dng/reset ng c qut ang dng cho my ct hin ti v c cp cho
cc u vo DI1, DI2, DI3 ca bin tn. u vo DI4 ca bin tn dng thc
hin vic chn ch iu khin ti ch hoc t xa.
- Tn hiu s c bin tn kt ni v DCS.
- Tn hiu iu khin t xa 3 my ct.
- Tn hiu kim tra trng thi my ct.
Ngoi ra cc thng s khc ca bin tn c th c gim st y hn
thng qua cng giao tip truyn thng v DCS. Cc tn hiu b sung thm u
c ly t cc u vo ra d phng ca h thng iu khin (s lng d
phng 10% m bo cho cc kt ni b sung).
* Khi ng
81
Do yu cu v an ton ca qut, khi khi ng van u vo phi c

ng kn v sau khi qut khi ng xong th qu trnh m van cng din ra t t
m bo p lc nm trong di cho php. Khi thay th bng bin tn th vic khi
ng cng hon ton tun th theo quy trnh khi ng c ca qut. C th nh
sau:
- Cc quy trnh kim tra tin khi ng ca nh my phi c thc hin.
- Thc hin quy trnh kim tra bin tn trc khi ng.
- Kim tra van ht u vo, van ny phi m bo c ng ht.
- Khi ng ng c tn ln tn s ti thiu cho php (tn s m
lu lng t bng lu lng ca cnh hng ng 80%, con s ny ly theo
c tnh ca qut v cp nht theo thc t iu khin)
- Khi ng c chy n nh tin hnh m van ht t t, gc m van cnh
hng v tn s qut c iu chnh bng phn mm tc bin tn iu
chnh dn dn ti im lm vic n nh.
- Trong qu trnh van m ra, phi kim tra dng ca ng c m bo
khng b qu ti.
- Khi chy n nh, qut c th c iu chnh tc t ng hoc bng
tay.
Trong qu trnh khi ng cng nh vn hnh bnh thng, nhit v
rung ca qut phi c o lng v ghi li m bo ch lm vic ca
qut ng theo yu cu k thut.
* Vn hnh
ch hot ng bnh thng, phi m bo tun th cc ch kim
tra nh k hng ca, hng tun ca nh my. Nu bin tn b li buc phi dng
v chuyn sang ch iu chnh bng gc m van th h thng bo v l s
c kch hot. L s dng hot ng tm thi theo ng quy trnh v sau
khi ng li bng ch c. Thi gian chuyn i phi m bo l duy tr
c ch khi ng nng.
* Dng qut
iu kin bnh thng, qut dng theo trnh t sau:
- Dng bin tn.
- ng van cnh hng.
- Kim tra nhit ng c qut
iu kin cnh bo v dng qut:
82
- Cnh bo s c khi nhit ln 90C hoc (v) rung 5.5mm/s

- Dng qut s c khi nhit ln 95C hoc (v) rung 9.5mm/s.
7.4.1.3. Phn tch hiu qu kinh t
Da trn in nng tit kim c v c tnh chi ph u t ta c th tnh
ton s b c hiu qu kinh t ca vic lp bin tn vo iu khin tng ng
c qut nh sau (bng 7.7).
Bng 7.7. Tim nng tit kim v chi ph u t thit b khi p dng gii
php lp bin tn cho cc ng c qut thp lm mt ti Sn ng
TT
1
3
5
Tn gii
php
Qut gi cp
1 -A v B
Qut gi cp
2-A v B
Qut khi A
v B
Tng
NTK
CPTK
CPT
TGHV
HSHV
ni ti
GTHT
thun
(kWh/nm)
(1.000/
nm)
(1.000)
(nm)
(%)
(1.000)
1.601.817,7
1.729.963
11.856.000
6,85
13,35
159.711
1.079.977,7
1.166.376
6.864.000
5,88
15,09
494.640
2.455.283,5
2.651.706
11.856.000
4,47
18,14
2.532.803
5.137.079
5.548.045
30.576.000
5,74
15,53
3.187.154
Theo kt qu tnh ton thi gian hon vn gin n khi u t gii php i
vi tng qut khc nhau t 4,47 6,85 nm. H s hon vn ni ti IRR
=13,35%18,14% >13% (li sut vay ngn hng khi thc hin u t gii php),
gi tr hin ti thun NPV> 0. Nh vy, gii php lp thit b iu khin tc
cho cc ng c qut theo phn tch kinh t k thut l hon ton kh thi.
7.4.2. Gii php lp bin tn tit kim in nng cho cc qut thp lm mt
- cng sut 185kW
7.4.2.1. Hin trng
Hin ti theo chu trnh lm mt bnh ngng ca Nh my, nc sau khi lm
mt bnh ngng c a v thp lm mt, nh qu trnh trao i nhit kiu i
lu v s bay hi ca nc, nc tun hon gim c nhit , sau li tip
tc chu trnh mi i lm mt bnh ngng. Nhit nc tun hon sau khi ra
khi thp gii nhit gn t c nhit mi trng (kt qu o kim cho thy
tnc ra = 300C) xem hnh 7.12:
83
Hnh 7.12. H thng qut thp lm mt v b cha nc tun hon gii

nhit cho bnh ngng
Theo kt qu o cc ng c qut thp lm mt ca nh my cho thy cng
sut lm vic dao ng t (115,23-149,46) kW tng ng vi h s mang ti t
62,29%-80,79%. Trao i vi cn b vn hnh v hin trng lm vic ca h
thng lm mt, hot ng ca cc qut ang trng thi bnh thng; khng c
s thay i hay s c bt thng no xy ra trc v trong thi gian thc hin
kim ton nng lng. Nh vy, cc qut thp lm mt ang hot ng non ti
trong thi gian lm vic ca mnh. V vy, kt qu o kim a ra c s liu
c bn phn nh ng thc trng hot ng ca cc ng c qut thp lm mt
ti Cng ty nhit in Sn ng (hnh 7.13).
Hnh 7.13. Biu cng sut lm vic ca cc qut thp lm mt ti Nh

my N Sn ng (185kW)
84
Vi cc phn tch trn, nng cao vic vn hnh hiu qu cng nh tit
kim in nng cho cc qut thp gii nhit. Gii php tit kim xut p dng
cho cc ng c qut thp lm mt l lp khi ng mm, lp thit b iu khin
cng sut hoc bin tn t ng iu chnh tn s ng c theo nhu cu ti thc
t, c th phn tch i vi mi gii php nh sau:
- i vi gii php lp khi ng mm: Gii php lp t khi ng mm
cho ng c qut thp lm mt gip gim dng khi ng ca ng c. Tuy
nhin, sau qu trnh khi ng th ng c li c duy tr ch vn hnh qua
khi ng t. V vy khi lp khi ng mm cho cc ng c s khng thch
hp do khi ng mm khng c kh nng iu chnh cng sut hot ng theo
ti thc t nn khng gip tit kim in nng.
- i vi gii php lp powerboss: Qua kho st v kim ton h thng
qut thp lm mt cho thy, ch vn hnh ca qut khng c s thay i khi
nc tun hon v thp (tc qut khng thay i trong qu trnh vn hnh).
y cng l mt trong nhng nhc im cn thit phi khc phc bi nhit
nc tun hon sau khi qua thp gii nhit s b nh hng khi nhit dng i
lu khng kh lm mt khng c s chnh lch nhiu. iu ny nh hng trc
tip ti hiu sut hot ng ca h thng thp gii nhit nh nhit ca nc
tun hon khng t c tiu chun a i gii nhit cho bnh ngng.
Khi lp b iu khin cng sut Powerboss cho cc ng c qut thp lm
mt, tc ng c c gi khng i. Cng sut trung bnh ca cc qut dao
ng trong di Pd = (115,23-149,46) kW. S bin thin cng sut khng ln,
iu cho thy hot ng ca cc qut ny n nh, in nng tiu th khng
thay i nhiu v hu nh khng ph thuc vo s thay i nhit ca nc
tun hon cng nh mi cht s dng gii nhit. Khi nhit nc tun hon
tng s trc tip nh hng ti hot ng ca bnh ngng (nh hng ti vic
thay i chn khng bnh ngng). Nh vy, theo phn tch trn th gii php
lp thit b iu khin cng sut cho cc ng c qut thp lm mt khng em
li hiu qu.
- i vi gii php lp bin tn: Nh phn tch, nhit ca nc tun
hon qua thp gii nhit mt phn ph thuc vo dng i lu ca mi cht lm
mt (khng kh mi trng) thng qua sc ht ca cc qut lm mt. V vy,
vic t ng iu chnh tc ng c qut ht lm mt s gii quyt c bi
ton tit kim in nng v m bo c nhit ca nc tun hon ra t ti
nhit t gii nhit cho bnh ngng v nng cao hiu sut lm vic ca h
thng.
Gii php i vi h thng ny lp bin tn iu khin tc qut theo
tn hiu nhit nc tun hon a v gii nhit. Nh vy qut lm mt ti
thp gii nhit s thay i c cng sut tiu th theo nhit nc khi c s
thay i.
85
7.4.2.2. S lp t v c tnh tim nng tit kim

S u ni bin tn iu khin ng c qut thp lm mt cng sut
nh mc 185kW (hnh 7.14):
Hnh 7.14. S khi u ni bin tn iu khin ng c qut thp lm

mt cng sut 185kW
Qua phn tch nh trn, gii php xut l lp bin tn iu khin cho cc
qut thp lm mt (185kW). Di y l bng tng hp tim nng tit kim in
nng khi p dng gii php lp bin tn cho cc qut thp lm mt (bng 7.8).
Bng 7.8. Tim nng tit kim v chi ph u t thit b khi p dng gii
php lp bin tn cho cc ng c qut thp lm mt ti Sn ng
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
Tn gii php
Qut thp lm mt
s 1 t 1 - 185kW
Qut thp lm mt
s 2 t 1 - 185kW
Qut thp lm mt
s 3 t 1 - 185kW
Qut thp lm mt
s 8 t 2 - 185kW
Qut thp lm mt
s 9 t 2 - 185kW
Qut thp lm mt
s 10 t 2 - 185kW
Tng
NTK
(kWh/
nm)
CPTK
(1.000/
nm)
CPT
(1.000)
TGHV
(nm)
HSHV
ni ti
(%)
GTHT
thun
(1.000)
119.430
128.985
259.000
2,01
23,11
35.501
123.679
133.573
259.000
1,94
25,45
45.977
125.391
135.423
259.000
1,91
26,39
50.200
133.634
144.325
259.000
1,79
30,85
70.526
136.189
147.084
259.000
1,76
32,22
76.826
118.603
128.092
259.000
2,02
22,65
33.462
756.927
817.481
1.554.000
1,91
26,78
312.493

Theo kt qu tnh ton thi gian hon vn gin n khi u t gii php i
vi tng qut khc nhau t 1,76 2,02 nm. H s hon vn ni ti IRR
=22,65%32,22% >15% (li sut vay ngn hng khi thc hin u t gii php),
gi tr hin ti thun NPV> 0. Nh vy, gii php lp thit b iu khin tc
86
cho cc ng c qut lm mt cng sut 185kW theo phn tch kinh t k thut
l hon ton kh thi.
7.4.3. Gii php lp bin tn cho cc ng c bng ti 1A, 2A, 3A, 4 ti
khu x l nhin liu
7.4.3.1. Gii php k thut
Theo phn tch hin trng h thng bng ti khu vc kho than nhn thy:H
thng cp than c 2 tuyn bng, trong mt lc ch c mt tuyn bng hot ng,
mt tuyn d phng nng. Trong h thng cp than cc ng c bng ti c
khi ng trc tip bng khi ng t v khng iu chnh tc iu ny gy
lng ph in nng. Gii php xut gip tit kim nng lng c th hin
trn hnh 7.15 sau:
Hnh 7.15. S hin trng h thng bng ti thuc dy chuyn x l nhin

liu ti Nh my nhit in Sn ng - Vinacomin
Trong s hnh 7.15, bin tn c lp thm 4 b t bng ti s 1 n
bng ti s 4, bin tn s 1 (BT1) c lp iu khin bng ti 1A v 1B.
Tng t, bin tn BT2 lp iu khin bng ti 2A v 2B, bin tn BT3 lp
iu khin bng ti 3A v 3B, ring bng s 4 c lp mt bin tn BT4. Ti
tng v tr lp mt bin tn iu khin 2 bng kt cu phn lc cp in cho
ng c c th hin trn hnh 7.16.
87
Hnh 7.16. S lp bin tn v phng php iu khin bng ti 1A, 1B

- i vi gii php lp khi ng mm: Gii php u t lp khi ng
mm cho ng c bng ti ch gip ng c gim dng khi ng khi khi ng
v trnh sc c kh. Tuy nhin, sau qu trnh khi ng th ng c li c duy
tr hot ng qua cng tc t v KM khng c chc nng t ng iu chnh
cng sut ca ng c theo ti thc t trn bng. V vy, i vi cc thit b ny
vic s dng khi ng mm l gip tit kim in v khng hp l.
- i vi gii php lp thit b iu khin cng sut: Thit b s lin tc
gim st tnh trng lm vic ca ng c v cung cp mt lng in nng ph
hp ng vi ch vn hnh thc t thng qua b vi x l t gim c
cng sut hot ng ca thit b. B iu khin cng sut t hiu qu ln nht
vi cc thit b cn tit gim cng sut m khng yu cu thay i tc ng
c. V vy i vi cc thit b khi hot ng yu cu iu chnh tc tit
gim cng sut th b iu khin cng sut l khng thch hp.
- i vi gii php lp bin tn: Vi c im chung ca cc thit b vn
ti cng sut hot ng thay i lin tc trong qu trnh hot ng. Khi ng c
hot ng vi h s mang ti thp do lng than trn mt bng l khng nhiu,
v vy cn iu chnh gim tc dn ti ng c hot ng vi cng sut thp
hn ng thi lng than trn mt bng s tng dn ln. Ngc li khi h s
mang ti cao lng than trn mt bng l y ti, v vy lc ny cn iu chnh
tng tc ng c tng ng, gip ng c hot ng vi hiu sut cao v
m bo c lu lng than vn ti.
Vi c im hot ng nh phn tch trn, gii php lp bin tn vi
chc nng t ng iu chnh theo ti l hp l nht bi:
Gip tit kim in nng trong khong thi gian ng c mang ti

thp.
Nng cao h s cng sut Cos ca mng in.
88
Qu trnh khi ng m, khng cn hin tng git bng, gip tng

tui th ng c cng nh cc chi tit c kh.
Cn c vo s liu o kim chi tit, chng ti tin hnh phn tch tnh ton
tim nng tit kim in nng cho cc bng ti khi u t bin tn t ng iu
chnh theo ti, tim nng tit kim c tng hp trong bng 7.9:
Bng 7.9. Tim nng tit kim khi lp bin tn cho cc ng c bng ti
khu x l than
TT
Tn gii php
1
2
3
4
Bng ti 1A - 15kW
Bng ti 2A - 55kW
Bng ti 3A - 15kW
Bng ti 4 - 37kW
Tng
NTK
(kWh/
nm)
10.471
38.208
8.860
20.718
78.257
CPTK
(1.000/
nm)
11.309
41.265
9.569
22.375
84.517
CPT
(1.000)
TGHV
(nm)
21.000
77.000
21.000
48.100
167.100
1,86
1,87
2,19
2,15
2,02
HSHV
ni ti
(%)
28,43
28,09
17,42
18,71
23,16
GTHT
thun
(1.000)
4.820
17.217
847
2.987
25.872

Khi u t bin tn t ng iu chnh theo ti i vi cc thit b bng 1A,
2A, 3A v 4. Theo kt qu phn tch v tnh ton, h s hon vn ni ti IRR =
17,4228,43>15% (li sut vay ngn hng khi thc hin u t gii php), gi tr
hin ti thun NPV>0. Nh vy, gii php lp bin tn t ng iu chnh theo
ti i vi cc bng ti 1A, 2A, 3A v 4 c xut theo phn tch hiu qu k
thut-kinh t l hon ton kh thi.
7.4.4. Gii php lp bin tn cho cc ng c my nn kh 160kW ti phn
xng vn hnh
7.4.4.1. Gii php k thut v tim nng tit kim
Theo phn tch chi tit hin trng vn hnh ca cc my nn kh 160kW ti
Nh my, gii php xut l lp bin tn, PLC v cm bin p sut iu
khin h thng my nn kh. Cm bin p sut s c t ti u ra chung, PLC
s nhn tn hiu u vo t cm bin ny iu khin ng ct cc my nn
kh nh sau:
Ch khi ng: Thi im ban u khi h thng cha c kh nn, p
sut trn ng ng chung l 0 bar, PLC s thc hin vic iu khin khi ng
v iu chnh tc tng my v kim tra p sut u ra nu m bo th khng
khi ng thm my nn mi na. Chu trnh iu khin khi ng tng my nn
c m t nh sau:
Khi p sut nh hn p sut t ti thiu PLC s iu khin ng K13 v
K11 khi ng my nn kh s 1, sau khi K11 ng in PLC thc hin iu
khin bin tn khi ng ng c my nn tng tc t 0Hz ln n 50Hz.
89
Sau 30s ng c my nn chy tn s ti a m cha p sut, PLC s iu

khin ng tip my s 2 nh sau:
- Bc 1: PLC iu khin m K11 v ng thi ng K12 (K11 v K12lin
ng in v c kh) my nn kh s 1 c duy tr hot ng trc tip
t in li m khng qua bin tn.
- Bc 2: PLC iu khin ng K23 v K21 khi ng cho my nn kh
s 2 qua bin tn vo lm vic. Sau khi K21, PLC thc hin iu khin bin
tn ng c my nn s 2 tng tc t 0Hz ln 50Hz. Nu cha ht
30s m p sut trn ng ng t gi tr t, lc ny PLC thc hin iu
chnh gim tn s hot ng ca ng c m bo gi p sut h thng
n nh. Sau khing in 30s m cha p sut, PLC s iu khin ng
tip my s 3 nh sau.
- Bc 1: PLC iu khin m K21 v ng thi ng K22 (K21 v K22lin
ng in v c kh) my nn kh s 2 c duy tr hot ng trc tip
t in li m khng qua bin tn.
- Bc 2: PLC iu khin ng K33 v K31 khi ng cho my nn kh
s 3 qua bin tn vo lm vic.
Tng t nh vy cho n ng c th n, cm bin bo p sut ng
thi phn hi v PLC iu chnh lu lng cho my ny.
S nguyn l mch lc v iu khin nh hnh 7.17.v hnh 7.18.
Hnh 7.17. S nguyn l bin tn iu khin h thng my nn kh
90
Hnh 7.18. S nguyn l PLC iu khin ng ct

Ch thiu p sut: Trong qu trnh hot ng khi nhu cu tiu th kh
nn tng ln, p lc gim xung, cm bin p lc s phn hi v PLC, iu
khin bin tn nng cao tn s u ra, tc ng ng c tng ln tng ng lm
cho lng kh sinh ra cng tng, vi hai trng hp:
- Trong khong iu khin: Khi tn s hot ng ca bin tn c iu
khin trong khong f=f1 (1,5Hz - 50Hz), ng thi cm bin p sut bo
p, th bin tn s chy vi tn s f1 duy tr p sut yu cu.
- Ngoi khong iu khin: Khi tn s hot ng ca bin tn, c PLC
iu khin tng dn n gi tr f=50Hz, m cm bin p sut bo cha
th PLC s iu khin a thm my nn kh khc vo lm vic nh trn.
Ch tha p sut: Khi nhu cu tiu th kh nn gim, p sut tng ln,
cm bin p lc s truyn tn hiu phn hi v PLC, iu chnh tn s u ra ca
bin tn gim i, tc quay ca ng c gim xung tng ng, t lu
lng kh nn ra gim, vi hai trng hp:
- Trong khong iu khin: Khi tn s hot ng ca bin tn gim ti tn s
f=f2 (vi f2 dao ng trong khong 1,550Hz), m cm bin p sut bo
p, th bin tn s chy vi tn s f2 duy tr p sut yu cu.
- Ngoi khong iu khin: Khi tn s hot ng ca bin tn gim ti tn s
f=f3 (vi f3=1,5Hz), m cm bin p sut vn bo d, tn hiu a v PLC
iu khin ngt mt my ang hot ng ra khi li.
Nh vy y l gii php kh ton din v k thut, c hiu qu cao v li
ch kinh t bi ch vi mt bin tn khi ng ln lt cho cc my nn kh hot
ng, cho n my th n (n<8) khi m bo p sut lm vic, bin tn s iu t
ng iu chnh tn s ca my ny ph hp theo tn hiu t cm bin p sut v
PLC lun m bo p sut lm vic cho h thng. Di y l bng tng hp
91
tim nng tit kim khi p dng gii php, kt qu tnh ton hiu qu kinh t
trong bng 7.10.
Bng 7.10. Tim nng tit kim in khi p dng gii php lp bin tn iu
khin h thng my nn kh 160kW
TT
Tn gii php
NTK
CPTK
CPT TGHV
(kWh/n (1.000/
(1.000) (nm)
m)
nm)
HSHV
ni ti
(%)
GTHT
thun
(1.000)
118.603
128.092
312.000
2,44
23,28
53.699
118.603
128.092
312.000
2,44
23,28
53.699
Gii php lp bin

tn iu khin h
thng my nn kh 160kW
Tng

Theo kt qu phn tch v tnh ton kinh t, thi gian hon vn gin n
khi u t gii php l 2,44 nm. H s hon vn ni ti IRR = 23,28% >15%
(li sut vay ngn hng khi thc hin u t gii php), gi tr hin ti thun
NPV>0. Nh vy, gii php lp bin tn v PLC cho h thng my nn kh theo
phn tch hiu qu kinh t - k thut l hon ton kh thi.
7.5. GII PHP TIT KIM IN CHO H THNG CHIU SNG
TON CNG TY
7.5.1. Gii php k thut
Kt qu o kim cho thy mt s v tr c nh sng thp (c gi tr t
12,784 lux) nh ca gian my, khu vc thi x y l 1, khu vc ca kho vt
t, gian sa cha t, cng bo v s 2, kho than chy gn ht n chiu
sng, nh kh khong
Qua kho st v o kim nh sng ti cc khu vc sn xut, cho thy c
tim nng tit kim nh:
- Lp t cc bng n chiu sng cho cc v tr trong kho than v cc v tr
chy bng n cao p chiu sng.
- Thng xuyn v sinh cc bng n ti cc v tr nh kho than, vi, tro
x nhm lm tng hiu sut chiu sng ca cc b n ny.
- Thay th mt s v tr s dng bng n loi T8 trong nh vn phng,
iu hnh bng bng T5 tit kim in hn.
- Tit gim sng 55 bng cao p 150W chiu sng khun vin trong
Cng ty vo thi im mun sau 24h, bng cch gim in p cp cho n m
vn m bo sng phc v sn xut, bo v anh ninh ng thi gip tit kim
in.
92
- Qun l thi gian chiu sng theo k hoch ti cc khu vc sn xut, c

c ch thng pht i vi cn b cng nhn vin v s dng n chiu sng
(tt n khi khng s dng vo ban ngy hoc ban m).
Thit b tit kim in DIM lp cho bng cao p:
Thit b ny c th t ng iu chnh cng sut theo thi gian t trc.
Khi s dng c th mang li nhng li ch sau:
- iu khin ng ct, tit gim cng sut hot ng mt cch t ng theo
thi gian thc v theo ma.
- C kh nng ci t thng s cho thit b hot ng ngay trn phm iu
khin hoc t thit b cm tay (khong cch t 020m).
- C tnh nng n p.
- Kh nng t mc tit gim in nng t 0% ti 60%.
- C truyn thng Modbus, thng qua tin hnh ci t v qun l
tng v tr (c th tch hp vo h thng t ng qun l gim st tiu th in
nng ca Cng ty).
- Bn cnh lp t vo n hin c hoc lp mi, khng phi thay th
chn lu, n, cha...S u ni thit b c th hin trn hnh 7.19:
Hnh 7.19. Hnh nh thit b v m phng s u ni khi lp b tit kim

in cho h thng chiu sng
7.5.2. c tnh tit kim
Di y l bng 7.11 tng hp tim nng tit kim in nng khi lp t
thit b DIM cho 55 bng cao p bo v v chiu sng khun vin.
Bng 7.11. Tim nng tit kim i vi cc thit b chiu sng
TT
Tn gii php
Lp t 55 thit b tit
kim in DIM cho
cc bng chiu sng
bo v v chiu sng
khun vin
Tng
NTK
CPTK
CPT
TGHV
HSHV
ni ti
GTHT
thun
(kWh/
nm)
(1.000/
nm)
(1.000)
(nm)
(%)
(1.000)
7.992
6.741
125.000
82.945
69.964
401.240
5,05
18,40
51.308
93
7.6. KT LUN
Qua phn tch cc khu vc c tim nng tit kim v xut cc gii php
tit kim nng lng cho Nh my nhit in Sn ng - Vinacomin. Kt qu
tnh ton chi ph cho tng gii php tit kim c tng hp trong bng 7.12:
Bng 7.12. Tng hp cc gii php tit kim nng lng xut ti Nh
my nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin
TT
II
III
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Tn gii php
GP1 - Xy dng
h thng qun l
nng lng theo
ISO50001:2011
GP2 - Gii php
tit
kim
coherent
gim
NLHH ca than
trc khi a
vo t trong l
hi
GP2 - Lp bin
tn iu khin
tn s cho cc
ng c
Bng ti 1B 15kW
Bng ti 2A 55kW
Bng ti 3A 15kW
Bng ti 4 - 37kW
Gii php lp bin
tn iu khin my
nn kh - 160kW
Qut thp lm mt
s 1 t 1 - 185kW
Qut thp lm mt
s 2 t 1 - 185kW
Qut thp lm mt
s 3 t 1 - 185kW
Qut thp lm mt
s 8 t 2 - 185kW
Qut thp lm mt
s 9 t 2 - 185kW
Qut thp lm mt
s 10 t 2 185kW
Qut gi cp 1 -A
v B
Qut gi cp 2-A
v B
Qut khi A v B
CPT
(1.000)
TGHV
(nm)
HSHV
ni ti
(%)
GTHT
thun
(1.000)
410.096
480.000
1,17
Nng lng TK
CPTK
(kWh/nm;tn/nm) (103/nm)
in
Than
167.815
433,3
Du
0,40
in
9.533
4.879.406
12.500.000
2,56
20,55
1.430.597
in
6.090.866
6.578.135
32.609.100
2,80
23,09
3.579.217
10.471
11.309
21.000
1,86
28,43
4.820
38.208
41.265
77.000
1,87
28,09
17.217
8.860
9.569
21.000
2,19
17,42
847
20.718
22.375
48.100
2,15
18,71
2.987
118.603
128.092
312.000
2,44
23,28
53.699
119.430
128.985
259.000
2,01
23,11
35.501
123.679
133.573
259.000
1,94
25,45
45.977
125.391
135.423
259.000
1,91
26,39
50.200
133.634
144.325
259.000
1,79
30,85
70.526
136.189
147.084
259.000
1,76
32,22
76.826
118.603
128.092
259.000
2,02
22,65
33.462
1.601.818
1.729.963
11.856.000
6,85
13,35
159.711
1.079.978
1.166.376
6.864.000
5,88
15,09
494.640
2.455.283
2.651.706
11.856.000
4,47
18,14
2.532.803
in
94

IV
GP4 - gii php

tit kim cho h
thng chiu sng
Lp t thit b tit
kim
in
DIM250
Tng
in
Than
Du
8.791
9.494
110.000
8.791
9.494
110.000
6.277.005
433,3
0,40
11.877.131
45.699.100
2,18
21,82
5.009.814
95
KT LUN V KIN NGH

KT LUN
Hng nm chi ph tiu th nng lng phc v sn xut in nng ca
Cng ty rt ln. Trong chi ph cho than chim t l ln nht (69,42%), chi ph
tiu th in l 28,36% trong tng chi ph nng lng phc v sn xut, y l
mc tiu th in kh ln. Vi ch trng ca Tp on v nhu cu kim tra,
kim nh hot ng tiu th in nng ca cc h thng thit b, Cng ty
phi hp vi Vin KHCN M thc hin kim ton nng lng. Kt qu kim
ton nng lng nm 2013 ti Cng ty cho php rt ra mt s kt lun sau:
1. Hin trng qun l v s dng nng lng
- B my t chc qun l sn xut v lao ng vi m hnh trc tuyn hin
ti ca Cng ty pht huy c s hiu qu trong cng tc qun l. Hin Cng
ty b nhim cn b chuyn trch v qun l in nng, do vy cc thng s
lin quan n tiu th nng lng c thng k v theo di y , chi tit.
S in ca h thng c u ni thun tin cho vic theo di v gim
st. Phn mm c th lu gi thng s v c th truy xut khi cn v cc thng
s hot ng ca cc ph ti ln.
- Mt s ng c cn hot ng ch non ti dn n hiu qu cha cao
nh cc bng ti, my nghin, cc ng c qut thp lm mt,...Mt s ng c
bm nh bm ngng, bm lm mt thit b ph hot ng hiu qu vi cng
sut trong di kinh t (8090)%Pm.
- Trong Cng ty, in nng tiu th ch yu tp trung ti 2 khu l my,
gm nhiu thit b cng sut ln nh qut gi, qut khi, bm tun hon, bm
cp... Do vy, cc gii php tit kim nng lng xut s tp trung vo khu
vc ny.
- H thng chiu sng ng ni b ti nhng thi im mun sau 24h s
c sng hn thi im trc do in p tng cao. V vy, y cng l cc
khu vc c tim nng cn thit phi ng dng gii php gip tit kim nng
lng.
- Vic s dng nng lng tit kim v hiu qu phi l mt qu trnh di
hn i hi phi c ngun vn u t. iu ny cng lm cho Cng ty gp
khng t kh khn dn n vic trin khai tit kim nng lng cha c trit
. Cc gii php tit kim in cng c Cng ty trin khai p dng nh
lp bin tn cho cc bm nc sch, thay th mt s bng n si t bng bng
n compact,.... Tuy nhin gip tit kim in nng, nng cao hiu qu s
dng nng lng Cng ty cn phi trin khai p dng rng ri hn na v c l
trnh r rng v u t cc gii php (phn tm tt l trnh u t cc gii php
c trnh by trong Chng I).
96
2. Kt qu kim ton nng lng nm 2013

T kt qu o m qua phn tch, tnh ton tim nng tit kim ca cc khu
vc chng ti xut c cc gii php u t ti cc khu vc sn xut nhm
tit kim nng lng, trnh lng ph trong qu trnh sn xut in ca Cng ty.
C th nh sau:
- H thng qun l qun l nng lng: Gii php xy dng h thng qun
l nng lng theo ISO50001:2011 gip tit kim c tnh: 167.815kWh, 433,3
tn than/nm, 0,4 tn du/nm tng ng 410,096 triu ng, chi ph u t
480 triu ng.
- Gim nng lng hot tnh ca than trc khi t: Gii php tit kim
coherent gim NLHH ca than trc khi a vo t trong l hi gip tit kim
c tnh: 9533 tn than/nm tng ng 4.879,406 triu ng, chi ph u t
12.500 triu ng.
- Phn xng Vn Hnh: Theo kt qu o kim v phn tch kinh t khi p
dng gii php tit kim nng lng cho cc thit b nh bng ti, qut lm mt,
qut gi cp 1, qut gi cp 2 Khi p dng cc gii php c tnh tim nng
tit kim in theo xut l 6.090.866 kWh tng ng 6.578,1 triu ng,
chi ph u t 32.609,1 triu ng.
- H thng thit b phc v v chiu sng: Gii php xut lp t thit b
tit kim in DIM cho cc bng cao p chiu sng an ninh v chiu sng khun
vin gip tit kim c tnh 8.791 kWh/nm tng ng 9.494 triu ng, mc
u t 100 triu ng.
Cn c vo kt qu kim ton v phn tch tnh ton tim nng tit kim
nng lng ca cc khu, thit b in phc v sn xut. Bo co xut cc
gii php tit kim nng lng c tnh kh thi cao vi tng nng lng tit kim
c tnh l: 6.267.472kWh (chim 3,73% tng in nng tiu th ca Cng ty
nm 2012), 9.966,7 tn than/nm (chim 1,15% tng tiu th than ca Cng ty
nm 2012), 0,4 tn du/nm (chim 0,05% tng tiu th du ca Cng ty nm
2012) tng ng tng chi ph tit kim 11.877,1 triu ng v chi ph u t
45.699,1 triu ng.
Ngoi ra, vic p dng cc gii php tit kim nng lng s gip gim
cng tiu th nng lng v gim pht thi CO2 ra mi trng, tng ng
tit kim mt lng TOE (tn du quy i) nh sau:
Tng hp in nng tit kim quy i TOE v gim pht thi CO2
in nng tit kim khi p dng cc
gii php
6.267.472
in nng
9.966,7
Than
0,40
Du
Tng mc tit kim

Qui i v TOE
Tng mc tit kim

Qui i v tn CO2
5.737,7
3.497,3
97
KIN NGH
1. nng cao hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh ca Cng ty nhit in Sn
ng - Vinacomin cn thit phi p dng cc gii php tit kim c
xut trong bo co kim ton nng lng.
2. trin khai thc hin cc gii php tit kim nng lng c la chn
nhm nng cao hiu qu sn xut kinh doanh, Cng ty nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin cn phi hp vi c quan t vn lp D n u t thit b tit kim
in nng.
3. Knh ngh Cng ty nhit in Sn ng - Vinacomin ph duyt bo
co c c s trin khai thc hin cc gii php tit kim nng lng nhm
gim chi ph sn xut, nng cao hiu qu kinh t cho doanh nghip.
98

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B CNG THNG

CHNG TRNH MC TIU QUC GIA V S DNG

C quan qun l: Tp on Cng nghip Than - Khong sn Vit Nam

KS. Phm Anh Hi

VIN KHOA HC CNG NGH

Bo co kim ton nng lng nm 2013 Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin

DANH SCH NHNG NGI THC HIN

Nguyn Anh Tun

Phm Thanh Lim

Trn Trng Hoan

10 Dng Th Kim Loan

Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh M-Vinacomin

Phng S dng nng lng TK&HQ

Bo co kim ton nng lng nm 2013 Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin

Phng S dng nng lng TK&HQ

Bo co kim ton nng lng nm 2013 Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin

4.5.1. H thng nn kh ............................................................................. 29

Phng S dng nng lng TK&HQ

Bo co kim ton nng lng nm 2013 Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin

Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh M-Vinacomin

Phng S dng nng lng TK&HQ

Bo co kim ton nng lng nm 2013 Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin

Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh M-Vinacomin

Phng S dng nng lng TK&HQ

Bo co kim ton nng lng nm 2013 Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin

Phng S dng nng lng TK&HQ

Bo co kim ton nng lng nm 2013 Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin

- Gii php lp bin tn trung th cho 02 ng c qut khi s cp

Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh M-Vinacomin

Phng S dng nng lng TK&HQ

Bo co kim ton nng lng nm 2013 Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin

Cc gii php tit kim trn c m t chi tit v c nh gi lin

Tim nng tit kim

1.3. KH NNG TRIN KHAI V K HOCH THC HIN D N

Phng S dng nng lng TK&HQ

Bo co kim ton nng lng nm 2013 Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin

gii php lp bin tn t ng iu chnh tc ng c bng ti l hon ton

Phng S dng nng lng TK&HQ

Bo co kim ton nng lng nm 2013 Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin

Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh M-Vinacomin

Phng S dng nng lng TK&HQ

Bo co kim ton nng lng nm 2013 Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin

Hnh 2.1. Nh my nhit in Sn ng - Vinacomin

Phng S dng nng lng TK&HQ

Bo co kim ton nng lng nm 2013 Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin

Bng 2.1. Thnh vin nhm kim ton nng lng

2.1.3. Phm vi kim ton nng lng

Phng S dng nng lng TK&HQ

Bo co kim ton nng lng nm 2013 Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin

* o kim lu lng nc bng phng php siu m cho cc bm nc

Hnh 2.3. im o kim cc thit b cao p 6kV ti nh my

Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh M-Vinacomin

Phng S dng nng lng TK&HQ

Bo co kim ton nng lng nm 2013 Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin

Hnh 2.2. S nguyn l t Sensor o kim nng khi thi

Hnh 2.3. im o mi trng trn ng khi ra

Phng S dng nng lng TK&HQ

Bo co kim ton nng lng nm 2013 Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin

Tin hnh lp t Sensor o kim lu lng gi, m khng kh v nhit

Hnh 2.4. S nguyn l o lu lng v tc gi

Bin dng o lng

Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh M-Vinacomin

Phng S dng nng lng TK&HQ

Bo co kim ton nng lng nm 2013 Cng ty Nhit in Sn ng Vinacomin