EE 4183 Laboratory Practice VI

TEMPERATURE RISE OF AN ELECTRICAL

MACHINE

Instructed by : Dr. Udayanga Hemapala

Group Members:

Name

: K.T.K Perera

M.G.K Pathirana

110409X

Index No

: 110422F

K.T.K Perera

110422F

Group

: G18

H.P.C.Sirithunge

110543C

Date of Performance : 07/09/2015

P.H.D.A.S.Srimal

110555N

Date of Submission : 21/09/2015

OBSERVATIONS

Name

: K.T.K Perera

Index No

: 110422F

Group

: G18

Date

: 07/09/2015

Instructed by : Dr. Udayanga Hemapala

Practical

: Temperature Rise of an Electrical Machine (PR-02)

Rated Current of the Motor =2.8 A

Resistance of the Windings at Various Intervals of Time

CALCULATIONS

Time

Resistance

(min)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40

()
7.1
7.8
8.0
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.8
9.2
8.7

TEMPERATURE

R1

RISE EQUATION

= Winding resistance at temperature of

R2 = Winding resistance at temperature of

R0 = Winding resistance at 00C
= Temperature coefficient resistance of copper

R1 R0 (1 1 )

R2 R0 (1 2 )
Apply = 1/235,

R2 (1 2 ) ( 235 2 )

R1 (1 1 ) ( 235 1 )
R2 (235 1 ) (235 2 ) R1

2 (235 1 )

R2
235
R1

Thermal time Constant

m
d
( ) t 0
dt

Sample calculation assuming ambient temperature (t1) is at 300C.

When time = 5 minute,
Resistance (R2) = 7.8
Resistance at ambient temperature (R1) =7.1
t 2 =( 235+t 1 )

R2
235
R1

t 2 =( 235+30 )

7.8
235
7.1
t2

= 56.13 0C

 Temperature rise

= 56.13 0C 30 0C

= 26.13 0C

Time (min)

Resistance ()

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40

7.1
7.8
8.0
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.8
9.2
8.7

Temperature of

Temperature Rise

the Winding (0C)

30.00
56.13
63.59
71.06
74.79
78.52
93.45
108.38
89.72

(0C)
0.00
26.13
33.59
41.06
44.79
48.52
63.45
78.38
59.72

From the plotted graph,

Final Temperature Rise of the Winding = 68 0C
At t = 0,
d 280
=
=3.5 /min
dt 80

m
68
=
=19.43 min
d
3.5 /min
dt t =0

Temperature Rise (0C) vs. Time (min)

Time (min)
0
5
10
15

Temperature Rise (0C)

0.00
26.13
33.59
41.06

20
25
30
35
40

44.79
48.52
63.45
78.38
59.72

Temperature Rise vs. Time Graph

80

70

60

50

Temperature Rise (0C)

40

30

20

10

0
0

10

15

20

25

30

Time (min)

35

40

45

DISCUSSION
1. Various methods of measuring the temperature of the windings.
Resistor Method
With the increment of the temperature, the resistance of the winding gets increased.
Using this property, a temperature is obtained by as in this practical by getting following
relationship between winding temperatures and winding resistances.
t 2 =( 235+t 1 )

R2
235
R1

Where,

t1 Ambient temperature
t2 Winding temperature when the machine is operated for some times
R1 Winding resistance at ambient temperature
R2 Winding resistance when the machine is operated for some times

Thermal Replica Method

Based on the current flowing though the winding, temperature can be estimated. With
the increase of winding current, the temperature of the winding also increases due to the higher heat
production in winding in the form of I2R. Therefore this method can be used for detecting winding
temperature of transformers and motors in overloading conditions.
Using Temperature Sensors
Temperature sensors are inserted in to the winding core and in between the windings
of the machine. Thermocouples and resistance temperature detectors are most commonly used as
the sensors. In this method approximate temperature of the winding can be directly measured.
Optical Probes
In this method, a temperature sensor of a fiber optic is used. There is a control unit
connected with the signal (with a fiber optic cable) and gives a feed back to the motor control
device.
2. Importance of the class of insulation?
Characteristics of insulating material provide heavy changes with varies of
temperature. If the temperature rises, life time of the insulation may decrease and insulation might
be failed. Therefore the operation of a machine need to carried out within the allowable
temperature. For determined the maximum allowable hotspot temperature of a machine, need to
know about the insulation class of the machine. Therefore the insulation class is one of the more
importance parameter for the machine. Insulation classes are rated by standard NEMA (National

Electrical Manufacturers Association) classifications according to maximum allowable operating

temperatures as follows.

3. Comparison between obtained results and the machine ratings.

The insulation class of the induction motor is F. Hence the maximum allowable hot
spot temperature is 155 C. At the rated current the maximum temperature rise found is 78.38 C
and the maximum recorded temperature value is 108.38 C, after continuous 35 minutes operation
of the machine. It is below the maximum allowable hot spot temperature and temperature rise of the
related insulation class (F) of the induction motor.
4. Necessity of knowing the parameters estimated in this experiment.
Maximum Temperature Rise
The maximum temperature rise defined as the how much of temperature different
between ambient temperature and maximum temperature when it is continuously operating. Due to
the condition of the working environment of the motor the maximum temperature rise can be
changed. The maximum temperature rise is also important when designing nearby other equipment
and the enclosure boxes because they should be able to withstand this temperature, Therefore this is
very important factor.
Thermal Time Constant
Thermal time constant is the measure of the rate of change of the temperature of the
motor. This is a measure of both thermal mass and thermal resistance of the machine. It gives
information regarding how motor is affected by heat. When motor running in overload condition
for long time, this parameter become importance one.
5. Various methods of cooling general purpose machines.
Natural cooling
This method is used in small machines. Heat is radiated in to atmosphere by natural
convection and also accelerated by natural wind.
Self-cooling
This method is used for larger machines which need more amount of air for cooling.
Fans are used to suck air from atmosphere and force in to the machine. Temperature of cooling air
rises due to the heat loss of the machine. This method is also called forced air cooling.
Direct cooling

In this method, water is pumped though stainless steel cooling tubes. These cooling tubes
are fixed in the stator core of the machine. Medium size synchronous generators are normally used
this method.
Separate cooling
In this method heat generated in the machine will be transferred by a cooling medium.
Liquids are commonly use as the cooling medium. Oil and water are the commonly used liquids for
cooling purposes. The liquid is circulating through the machine while absorbing the thermal energy
dissipates by the machine. Then coolant dissipates the absorbed energy to the environment