Professional Documents
Culture Documents
أسعد ملي
أسعد ملي
TNCs
-
119
.
.
.
:.
: .
: :- )
(.
:.
120
-23 2007
) (
.
:
WTO IB IMF )(
.
.
" " Antony
" Giddens
" .1 :
: -
....
...
%15
:
%80
%85 % 20 1 :
% 80
.2
) (
..
IB
1
: .62
2002 12.177
122
-23 2007
. " "
2005/4/3 :
.
: " :
".
:
(1
- )
-
2002 .15
123
(2 :
.
TNCS
.
:
124
-23 2007
: .
) (:
Globalization - :
... .
.welfare state - .
...
.Social polarization -
.
.Adaptation - .
.
.adjustment - :
.
.opposition -
.
balanced continuous development
...
liberalization of market -
.
125
Liberalization of trade -
.
Floating of a currency
.
world law of value
.
protectionism
.
Institutionalism
.
Multi-national corporations
-
.
) ( Trans-national corporations
)(
.
126
-23 2007
: :
) (.
%10
Marshal Mc Lohan
127
.Global Village
.
.
UNDP 1999 :
1 : 3 1 1820
11 1 1913 30 1 1970 60 1 1990 86
. 1997 %20
%86
%60 %13
%20 .%1
. %20 %82
%68 .
:2004
)( 734
255
: :
2002 .110 :
2004 .87 :
: : 2003 .50
128
-23 2007
2003
2800 13.5 .
.Protectionism
" "
. %40
%2
%16 %75 2
: - :
2004.15
2
: :
2003 295.25
129
. 5/1
5/1 .
2001
UNDP
75
.
: :
2002 .159
2002 .196
130
-23 2007
40
30 .
1.3 .
. .
.
1
2
3
: .196
: .196-195
: 1999/9/23 :
2002 .142
131
. : :
Milton Fridman
. 200
. Adam Smith
- -
.* J.A. steglitiz .
. .
*
1
: :
2003 .95
132
-23 2007
. :
"" .
15
. .
.
.
. :
50 60 .
%1 %39 358
%45 .
133
2.6 .1
Nicolas Stern
120 ".
)( )(
.
:
. : 28000
1995 .
.
. * %74
: 2002
- : :
.147
.2003
* .
3
2002 .46
134
-23 2007
7.5
.
.
.%6
200
.
.
" "
: :
2002.78
135
"" .
" "
""
: :
2003 .162
136
-23 2007
:
.
.
.
.2 . C.Thomas . M.Reader
11
smith, D. (1997) the state of war and peace atlac. London, Perguin. Pp48 :
2003.83
3
%57
1995 -1990
.
.
.
:
* .
1
: -
2002 .133
* " " .
138
-23 2007
.
.
: -
) (.
adaptation* adjustment
. " "
"
"
. : .
1
2002 .149
139
.
:
. " " .1
. "
" "
".2
- :
64 2004 .59-58
2004 309.228
140
-23 2007
-1
.
.
1.17 1987
1.19 .1998
1.24 .32008
.
) (
: .228
.International bank, global economic prospects and developing countries, 2000, p.p29
: 1999 .33
141
.2001 1970
)
600 1980 2500 (2001
.
.
: .29-29
142
-23 2007
) (Institutionalism
.
.
.
1996-1990 4.1
0.4
.1
: 1999 .78
143
(2
IMF IB *WHO
.
.
.
* " "
) .(16
144
-23 2007
. ... .
:
.
-
-
2004 .25
145
" :
" .1
. 1970
" " -
78 .%10
%5 1970
%25
3/1 .
1987 1995 4 .
2020
. 2005
1
2
-23 2007
. M.G Rover
" .. " .
.
.
. " "
Multinational Corporation
Transitional corporation
" : "
.
: :
2004 .95
147
" "
.
. . "
"
:
.
" .. "
"
"
. " " .
.
. .
148
-23 2007
: -
2005/5/10
34
""
2005 31
:
. . - .
.
-
2005
149
.
-
-
1995
%50 .2015
.1
.
: .133
150
-23 2007
) (HPCs
.
:
) ( Koyzomi
2005
.
:
.
::
Newlibralism
151
-
.
.
.....
152
-23 2007
:
(1 64
.2004
(2
.2002
(3 :
.2004
(4 :
.2002 12
(5 :
.2002
(6
.2004
(7 :
.2003
(8 :
.2003
(9 - :
: .2004
153
(10
.2002
(11
295
.2003
(12 :
.2002
(13 : :
- 289.1998
(14 :
.2003
(15 :
:
.2004 309
(16 :
.2003
(17
.1997
(18
:
.2002
154
-23 2007
(19
.2004
(20
)
-
.2002
(21 :
.2003
(22 :
.2002
(23 ) (
:
:
.2003
(24 :
.2002
(25
.2002
(26 :
. ..2003
(27 :
.2002
155
:
28) Claimont Frederic, Le monde deplomatique, 10-6-1995.
29) International Bank, Global economic prospects and the developing
countries, 2000.
30) International Herald Tribune, 28-2-1996
31) Smith, D. (1997) the state of war and peace atlac. London. penguin.
32) Thomas , cand Reader M., (1997) development and inequality (IN: B.
white, R.little and M. Smith (eds) , Issues in Global politics, p.p 90-110)
Basing stoke: Macmillan.
.
.2005/9/28
156