Professional Documents
Culture Documents
الخلافة الراشدة PDF
الخلافة الراشدة PDF
12 11 7 632
.
)(632 661
.
12 11
7 632
.
63
][1
""
.
:
][2
144 :
][3
.
:
".
"
][4
.
[5] .
[11]
:
" "
][9
[12]
:
:
.
][6
][13
13 11 8 632
55 :
.
] [7
:
.
:
][8
)2(
)1(
][14
[9]
.
[10] .
)11-13634-632/(
)11-13634-632/(
][18
][19
) (
][15
11
632 [16] .
][17
11
632
) (
.
[20]
[21] .
[22] .
()3
)
( [23]
.
" "
][24
][29
[25] .
.
][26
][27
][30
.
22 13
23 634
61.
.
12 .
)13-24644-634/(
[31]
[32] .
[28] .
)13-24644-634/(
) (.
][42
][44
13 )634(
][43
[45] .
][46
[33] .
[34] [47] .
" : ".
][35
][36
][48
][49
[50]
15 [51] .
][52
18 )639(
[53]
][54
][55
] [57 [58]
) (
8,000
][37
][56
][60
][59
][38
][39
.
][40
][61
][62
[63]
[41] 12 .
[77][76]
65 10
24 )644(.
][78
)24-35655-644/(
][62
13
][64
][65
) (
.
][66
][67
1,000
[68]
][69
:
[70] .
15
][71
16 [72]
21 [73]
.
][75][74
23 ) 644(
)24-35655-644/(
][91
( [79] .
][92
][94
][93
.
][80
][79
[81]
][82
[81]
[82]
24 ) 644(.
][83
][95
[96] .
- -
.
][97
34
][98
[84]
25 .
][85
][86
[87] .
][88
31
[89] .
[98]
.
][99
] [90
[100]
18 35 ) 20 656(
][101
.
)35-41661-655/(
][104
:
[108][107] .
:
][109
][102
][103
[104] .
:
][106][105
)4([110]
)35-41661-655/(
[111] .
][117
.
][112
][113
36
36.
656
][118
][119
][114
][119
36 656
[120]
.
.
][121
][115
" "
"
"
][116
][116
.
][122
][123
[124] . )41661/(
[125]
][126
37
658 :
: .
[127]
][132
][133
][134
.
[135] .
] [128
.
41 661
. " "
[136] .
38 658
49 670
][129
.
:
17 40
:
63 65 68
:
.
][131][130
][137
50 671
( [93] .
][138
][148
][141
.
- -
][140
][139
- -
- -
][141
[142] .
[143]
.
][144
[148]
) (
[149] .
.
.
.
.
[146] .
][93
.
- -
][147
.
][148
.
][145
][93
: ) (
.
[143] .
.
.
][93
][141
.
[150] ) ( [148]
) (
.
][150
][141
] [148
:
[159] .
][160
][161
)
][151
][141
(.
.
-
- . 31
][148
][162
[143] .
] [163 [148]
][148
][152
][153
][154
] [155
[154] .
)
( [165][164]
][148
][166
][93
][156
][157
[158]
][167
[168] . - -
][93
][170][169
[172] .
15 )636(
20.
][149
][171
][172
:
.
][173
][172
" "
2.5%
][149
200 [174] .
.
.
2.5%
2.5% .
][175
"
"
][176
][172
[177] :
][180
][180
.
""
. 18 639
.
" " " "
][180
" " [181] . " ".
.
.
][178
[179] .
" ".
][179
][179
" ".
.
][175
][90
.
.
][92
][182
][92
[182] .
][183
[184]
.
][180
: ) (
) (
-
. -
40 ) 661(
][191
.
,
.
][187][186][185
) (
][189][188
[188]
:
:
:
) (.
][189
) (
.
][190
][191
.
][192
][193
" "
" "
"" .
][194
][200
.
[197] .
[195]
][195
.
[197]
][197
.
][196
.
[197] :
][198
][197
][195
.
(
:
)
(
][199
.
:
:
" " .
" " :
"
" : :
"
".
][202][201
][206
.
.
:
.
"
][203
:
.
][204
"
:1
][205
.
.
.
.
:2
] [3 ) .(1971
) 4 .(3- :
. .306
] [4 :
:3
.
.
:4
.
.
.
] [5 )14242003/(.
) .(1- :
. .ISBN 9953-18-101-2 .14-15
] [6 ) .(1987 : .
- : :
. .407-408
] [7 : )
(
.
) .(1979
. .
) .(1979
. .
] [8 : ) (
] [9 ) .(1960
.3- : .
.201-218
] [10 ) .(1960
.2- : . .123
) ] [11 ) .(1937
.- : . .8
.(2002 . .
] [12 ) .(1937
) .(1985
.- : . .12-13
. .
) (1982 :
ISBN
0195977149
] [13 )14242003/(.
) .(1- :
. .ISBN 9953-18-101-2 .22
] [14 ) .(1937
) .(2000 - :9
.- : . .14
. -
.
] [15 ) .(1956-1957
.1- : . .114
] [16 ) .(1960
] [1 )1995( . )-
-/( ) .(3- : .
.202
.3- : .
.236
] [17 ) .(1960
.3- : .
.212
) ] [18 ) .(1960
] [2 )14011981/( .
( . - : .
.223
.3- : .
.246
] [21 ) .(1991 .
- : .
.109
] [41 p. ,2002
544-545
] [42 p. 303 ,1985
] [43 p. 430 ,1979
] [49 p. ,2002
244
] [26 )1995( . )-
] [50 p. ,2002
-/( ) .(3- : .
245
.256
] [51 p. 526-527 ,1985
] [27 : . :
] [52 p. 527 ,1985
26 2003
] [53 .
] [28 )1995( . )-
.90-91 : - ) (1981 -
-/( ) .(3- : .
)(1966
.267
] [54 . -:
] [29 ) .(1981 .7
165 - ).(1956-1957
- : . .5
] [55 .
] [30 ) .(1996
) 10 .(21- : ] [56 . .
.22-07-2007 .30-06-2012
. .304-305
] [31 :
] [62 .
. .01-05-2005 .28-06-2012
] [37 p. 21 ,2006
] [38 p. 22 ,2006
] [90 ) 14212000/( : - :3
.231 -
.
] [81 ) 14212000/( : - :3
.219
] [82 ) 14212000/( : - :3
.220
] [101 ) 14212000/( : - :3
.242
] [102 ) .(1998 .- :
. .262
] [103 )14242003/(.
) .(1- :
. .ISBN 9953-18-101-2 .429
.432
] [105 :
][http://shiaonlinelibrary.com/ [106_3495/--
---/-_ 188 - -
- ]
][http://shiaonlinelibrary.com/ [107_3476/--
-/-_ 450 - - -
]
.2- : :
. .390
] [126 ) .(1981 .7
] [109 ) .(1960
- : . .273-276
.4- : .
] [127 ) .(1981 .7
.427
- : . .282-284
] [110 ) .(2005
.2- : : ] [128 ) .(1961 .-
: . .210
. .354
] [111 ) .(1960 ] [129 ) .(1960
.2- : . .197
.4- : .
.441 440 438
] [130 : .
] [112 ) .(1979
.- : . .212
] [113 ) .(1998 .- :
. .266
] [114 )14242003/(.
: 17 1425 8 2004
] [131 :
: 5 1424
] [132 ) .(1967
.3- : . .403
] [117 ) .(1967
.3- : . .212-226
] [118 ) .(1960
.4- : .
.459
- : .
.177
] [135 ) .(1960
.1- : .
.92
] [136 ) .(2005
.3- : :
. .24
] [122 )( ) .(1981 .-
: . .27-28
] [141 ) :(2006
. .18-07-2013
] [123 )( ) .(1981 .-
] [142 p. 204 ,2000
: . .55
] [124 ) .(1937
.- . .96
] [143 p. 39 ,2000
] [144 p. 166 ,2000
] [171 : .
. .12-05-2009 -18-07
.2013
] [172 : . :
27 1421 24 - 2001
] [173 : :
] [175 :
. 27 : 2011
[176] . )1995( . )-
.
-/( ) .(3- : .
.293
] [177 - : . :
10 1426 16 - 2005
] [178 )1995( . )-
-/( ) .(3- : .
.330
] [179 :
. 16 : 2010
] [181 ) .(1937 .
- . .31-33
p. 229 ,2000
] [182 ) 14212000/( : - :3
) :(2010 ..
.235
. . .18-07-2013
] [183 ) 14212000/( : - :3
. .
.245-236
.18-07-2013
] [184 ) 14212000/( : - :3
.257
. .:
197
. :
] [165 :
] [166 : 94
] [185 - - 45
] [186 805
] [187 376
] [167 ) :(2006
-7 .183
] [188 . .
.11-02-2011 .18-07-2013
] [168 ) :(1999
.118-117
] [189 : )
( . . -18-07
.2013
] [169
] [190 : -
. .200
] [170 ) .(2003 254
] [191 : -
.202
] [192 : -
.201
] [193 ) .(1960
.4- : .
.232
] [194 ) .(1967
.2- : . .200
] [195 ) .(1999
) 9 .(19- : . .345-346
.
:
.
: ..
: . : 8
2012.
] [196 )14171997/( .
.1- : :
. .61
. : 17 2010.
] [197 :
: ..
. : 30
2012
] [198 636
] [199 ) .(1957-1956 .
- : . .157
] [200 ) .(1960
.6- : .
.212
] [204 :
:
] [205
: - .
3 : 2013 24 1434
] [206
:
: . :
. : .
: 23 2013.
: .
. :
.
.
https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84% :
OKBot CommonsDelinker Uwe a Abanima : D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%D8%A9?oldid=18212084
Mr. Ibrahem WisiW Ibrahim.ID MaraBot Enlightening7 Osamaeid CipherBot MenoBot Jobas Muhends
MrJoker07 Mohammad hajeer arwiki~ ElphiBot ASammour Zahiralbarqi Uishaki Taher2000
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
: B)_Syria_-_Belka,_Woman_from_Damascus,_Arab_from_Baghdad.png:
: Public domain : commons/e/e2/B%29_Syria_-_Belka%2C_Woman_from_Damascus%2C_Arab_from_Baghdad.png
THE HISTORY OF COSTUME By Braun & Schneider : http://www.siue.edu/COSTUMES/history.html
https:
:
Balami_-_Tarikhnama_-_the_election_of_'Othman_as_the_caliphate_of_Medina_(cropped).jpg:
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ca/Balami_-_Tarikhnama_-_the_election_of_%27Othman_as_the_caliphate_of_
http://collections.si.edu/search/results.htm?view=&date.slider=&q= : Public domain : Medina_%28cropped%29.jpg
Bal'ami : Tarikhnama&dsort=&start=0
: Public domain : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Basmala.svg : Basmala.svg:
(previous version Baba66) :Creator :
: : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ar/b/bf/Basmala_White.png : Basmala_White.png:
<a href='//ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Basmala.svg' class='image'><img alt='Basmala.svg' src='//upload.wikimedia.
org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Basmala.svg/800px-Basmala.svg.png' width='800' height='160' srcset='//upload.wikimedia.org/
wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Basmala.svg/1200px-Basmala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/
Basmala.svg/1600px-Basmala.svg.png 2x' data-file-width='800' data-file-height='160' /></a>
? :
: Bataille_de_Sin.gif:
: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Bataille_de_Siff%C3%AEn.png
Tcherkes Agh Ysuf Psh : http://gallica.bnf.fr/scripts/mediator.exe?F=C&L=08100271&I=000007 : Public domain
: Public domain : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/BlackFlag.svg : BlackFlag.svg:
) An Anarchist FAQ Stirling: AK Press ISBN: 1-902593-90-1. OCLC:"Appendix The Symbols of Anarchy" in Iain Mckay , ed. (
: Stevo (vectorization) 182529204.
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Coat_of_arms_of_Saudi_
: Coat_of_arms_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg:
Anuskafm : : Public domain : Arabia.svg
Public domain : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg : Commons-logo.svg:
This version created by Pumbaa, using a proper partial circle and SVG geometry features. (Former versions used to be slightly :
SVG version was created by User:Grunt and cleaned up by 3247, based on the earlier PNG version, created by : warped.)
.Reidab
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png
: Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png:
Everaldo Coelho and :; All Crystal Clear icons were posted by the author as LGPL on kde-look : LGPL :
;YellowIcon
CC BY-SA 3.0 : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Derafsh_Kaviani.png : Derafsh_Kaviani.png:
Autokrator : :
CC-BY- : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Disambig_gray_RTL.svg : Disambig_gray_RTL.svg:
: SA-3.0
: Disambig_gray.svg: Stephan Baum (recolored by Mzajac, converted to SVG by Booyabazooka) Disambig_gray.svg
Public domain : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/First_Fitna_map.png : First_Fitna_map.png:
Yenemus : :
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/ : First_Islamic_coins_by_caliph_Uthman-mohammad_adil_rais.jpg:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File: : CC-BY-SA-3.0 : 6c/First_Islamic_coins_by_caliph_Uthman-mohammad_adil_rais.jpg
Mohammad adil : First_Islamic_coins_by_caliph_Uthman-mohammad_adil_rais.jpg
CC0 : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Flag_of_Afghanistan.svg : Flag_of_Afghanistan.svg:
: http://openclipart.org/detail/24112/flag-of-afghanistan-by-anonymous-24112 :
User:Zscout370
Public domain
: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Flag_of_Qatar.svg : Flag_of_Qatar.svg:
-cs:User:-xfi (of code) : Drawn by User:SKopp :
Public domain
: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg : Flag_of_Russia.svg:
.
: (Blue - Pantone 286 C, Red - Pantone 485 C)
[1][2][3][4] :
Zscout370 :
: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg
: Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia.svg:
a href='//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4233718' title='wikidata:Q4233718'><img> : the actual flag : CC0
alt='wikidata:Q4233718'
src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.
svg.png'
width='20'
height='11'
srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/
30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.
<svg.png 2x' data-file-width='1050' data-file-height='590' /></a
Public domain : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Flag_of_Sudan.svg : Flag_of_Sudan.svg:
Vzb83 : www.vexilla-mundi.com :
Public domain
Public
: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg : Flag_of_Syria.svg:
see below : see below :
: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg
: Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg:
? : ? : domain
: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg
: Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg:
? : ? : Public domain
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Labarum_of_
:
Labarum_of_Constantine_the_Great.svg:
Labarum_of_Constantine_I.svg (reconstruction by Eugene Ipavec, : CC BY-SA 3.0 : Constantine_the_Great.svg
2006)
Labarum_of_Constantine_I.svg:
<a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg'
:
class='image'><img alt='Vexilloid of the Roman Empire.svg' src='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/
Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/25px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png' width='25' height='35' srcset='https://upload.
wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/38px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png
1.5x,
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/50px-Vexilloid_of_the_
Roman_Empire.svg.png 2x' data-file-width='245' data-file-height='343' /></a> TRAJAN 117
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Map_of_expansion_of_
: Map_of_expansion_of_Caliphate.svg:
Adapted from http://guides.library.iit.edu/content.php?pid=27903&sid=322018 (via : Public domain : Caliphate.svg
Image:Age_of_Caliphs.png), traced on high resolution version of Image:BlankMap-World6.svg. Information from The Times Concise
: .Atlas of World History ed. by Geoffrey Barraclough published by Times Books Ltd. Isbn 0-7230-0274-6 pp. 40-41
DieBuche
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/MediaWiki_Vector_skin_ : MediaWiki_Vector_skin_left_arrow.svg:
MediaWiki Usability team (vectorisation by Domaina) : MediaWiki Vector skin : Public domain : left_arrow.svg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/MediaWiki_Vector_ : MediaWiki_Vector_skin_right_arrow.svg:
MediaWiki Usability team (vectorisation : MediaWiki Vector skin : Public domain : skin_right_arrow.svg
by Domaina)
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Meshed_ali_usnavy_%28PD%29.jpg : Meshed_ali_usnavy_(PD).jpg:
: Public domain :
: U.S. Navy photo by Photographers Mate 1st Class Arlo K. Abrahamson. http://www.navy.mil/view_image.asp?id=6518
Public : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Mittelmeeranrainer.png : Mittelmeeranrainer.png:
de: selbstgemacht aus: Image:BlankMap-Europe-v4.png : domain
bjb-de :
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Mohamed_peace_be_upon_ : Mohamed_peace_be_upon_him.svg:
Bakkouz : : CC-BY-SA-3.0 : him.svg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
: Mohammad_Adil_Rais-Muslim_warrior_during_rashidun_caliphate.PNG:
? : CC-BY-SA-3.0 : commons/2/27/Mohammad_Adil_Rais-Muslim_warrior_during_rashidun_caliphate.PNG
? :
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/
: Mohammad_adil-Rashidun-empire-at-its-peak-close.PNG:
Transferred from en.wikipedia to : CC-BY-SA-3.0 : Mohammad_adil-Rashidun-empire-at-its-peak-close.PNG
Wikipedia Mohammad adil at : .Commons
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/ : Mohammad_adil_rais-Caliph_Umars_empire_at_its_peak_644.PNG:
http://en.wikipedia.org/ : CC BY-SA 3.0 : d/de/Mohammad_adil_rais-Caliph_Umar%27s_empire_at_its_peak_644.PNG
Mohammad adil : wiki/File:Mohammad_adil_rais-Caliph_Umar%27s_empire_at_its_peak_644.PNG
svg._____ _______-_Rashidun_Caliph_Abu_Bakr_as-Siddq_(Abdullah_ibn_Abi_Quhafa):
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Rashidun_Caliph_Abu_Bakr_as-%C8%98idd%C4%ABq_%28Abdullah_ :
ibn_Abi_Quhafa%29_-_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%
82_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%
86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B4%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%
88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%
Petermaleh : : CC BY-SA 3.0 : D9%8A%D9%86.svg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/
: svg.____-_Rashidun_Caliph_Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib:
Rashidun_Caliph_Ali_ibn_Abi_Talib_-_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%B7%D8%
Petermaleh : : CC BY-SA 3.0 : A7%D9%84%D8%A8.svg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ : svg.______-_Rashidun_Caliph_Uthman_ibn_Aan:
commons/3/30/Rashidun_Caliph_Uthman_ibn_Affan_-_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%
D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_
: : CC BY-SA 3.0 : %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86.svg
Petermaleh
https://upload.wikimedia.org/
:
svg._ _____-_Rashidun_Caliphs_Umar_ibn_Al-Khattb:
wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Rashidun_Caliphs_Umar_ibn_Al-Khatt%C4%81b_-_%D8%B9%D9%8F%D9%85%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%
86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%91%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%
CC
: AE%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86.svg
Petermaleh : : BY-SA 3.0
Public domain : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Shahnameh3-1.jpg : Shahnameh3-1.jpg:
? : ? :
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Small_Muslim_
:
Small_Muslim_Fleet_-_Alsawary.jpg:
a> : : Public domain : Fleet_-_Alsawary.jpg
href='//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4233718'
title='wikidata:Q4233718'><img
alt='wikidata:Q4233718'
src='https://upload.
wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png'
width='20'
height='11'
srcset='https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png
1.5x,
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x' data-file-width='1050'
<data-file-height='590' /></a
Public
: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b4/Symbol_star_gold.svg : Symbol_star_gold.svg:
C.Thure : : domain
: Symbol_star3.svg: Symbol_star3.svg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Temple_Mount_
: Temple_Mount_(Aerial_view,_2007)_05.jpg:
https: : The_entrance_of_Caliph_Umar_(581?644)_into_Jerusalem,_638-_colored_engraving,_19th_century..jpg:
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/The_entrance_of_Caliph_Umar_%28581%3F-644%29_into_Jerusalem%2C_638-_
http://fineartamerica.com/featured/caliph-umar-granger.html : Public domain : colored_engraving%2C_19th_century..jpg
Granger :
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Th%C3%A9odore_ : Thodore_Chassriau_-_Arab_combat.jpg:
: : Public domain : Chass%C3%A9riau_-_Arab_combat.jpg
Public domain : https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/Umayyad_Flag.svg : Umayyad_Flag.svg:
Ch1902 : :
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Uthman_Koran_Taschkent_a.jpg : Uthman_Koran_Taschkent_a.jpg:
Wiggum : : CC-BY-SA-3.0 :
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Wikibooks-logo-ar-noslogan.svg : Wikibooks-logo-ar-noslogan.svg:
? : Image:Wikibooks-logo.svg : CC BY-SA 3.0 :
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/World_Muslim_ : World_Muslim_Population_Pew_Forum-ar.png:
: CC BY-SA 3.0 : Population_Pew_Forum-ar.png
: World_Muslim_Population_Pew_Forum.png: HaireDunya World_Muslim_Population_Pew_Forum.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ : svg.______-_Rashidun_Caliph_Uthman_ibn_Aan_:
commons/3/30/Rashidun_Caliph_Uthman_ibn_Affan_-_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B9%
D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_
: : CC BY-SA 3.0 : %D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86.svg
Petermaleh
: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86.jpg : jpg.:
Hassan Ehap : : CC BY-SA 3.0
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8% : png.__:
CC BY-SA 3.0 : B7_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85.png
: :
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7%D9% : png.___:
8A%D8%B7_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%
: : CC BY-SA 3.0 : 84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86.png
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e4/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%
: PNG.______:
A7%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF_
: GFDL : %D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A9.PNG
: File:Mohammad adil rais-conquest of Arabia.PNG