Type 2 Setting Flocculant Setting

-Settling of flocculant particles in dilute suspensions

-As particles settle and coalesce with other particles, the sizes of particles and their
settling velocity increases
-Examples include the removal of suspended solids in primary sedimentation tanks
of wastewater treatment plants, settling of chemically coagulated water, and dilute
suspensions of flocculated microalgae.
-The chemical flocculates formed in coagulation and other destabilization processes
tend to agglomerate while settling as a result of interparticle collisions. As a result,
their sizes increase continually, their shapes change continually, and their specific
gravity change as a result of possible entrapment of water in the fibers of the
microalgae.
-As their size increases, they settle at a faster velocity, therefore Stokes Law is not
applicable, and it is impossible to develop a general formula for determining the
settling velocities of flocculant particles.
-To determine the settling characteristics of the suspension of flocculant particles,
BATCH SETTLING COLUMN TEST must be performed.
Batch Settling Column Test for Type 2 Settling
-Minimum diameter of column is about 150 to 200 mm to minimize sidewall effects
-The height of the column should be equal to the depth of the proposed tank
-Sampling ports are provided at equal intervals in height

Batch settling column test setup

Procedure
1. The suspension to be tested is placed in the column and mixed completely to
ensure uniform distribution of particles.
2. At time = 0, a portion of the sample anywhere is taken in order to determine the
initial TSS concentration, and the suspension is allowed to settle.
3. At periodic time intervals, samples are removed through the ports located in
different heights. For each sample withdrawn at each depth and for each time, TSS
analysis must be performed in order to determine the fraction remaining in
suspension at each time interval.
Note: The most common and accurate method of measuring suspended solids is by
weight. To measure TSS, the sample is filtered, dried, and weighed.
4. Percent removals
Xij = mass fraction removed (at ith depth at jth time interval) = (1 Cij/C0) x 100
5. Percent removal lines (isoremoval lines) are drawn by interpolation

Sample analysis data

Reference:
http://mimoza.marmara.edu.tr/~bilge.alpaslan/enve301/Lectures/Chp_10.pdf