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1electrical System Module 1
1electrical System Module 1
1electrical System Module 1
Reverses in direction
Frequency: 60 cps (60 Hertz)
Phase: SP/3P
230VAC, 60Hz, SP
Full-Wave Rectified Single-Phase AC:
This rectified alternating current for which the rectifier is so connected that
the reverse half of the cycle is turned around, and fed into the circuit
flowing in the same direction as the first half of the cycle. This produces
pulsating DC, but with no interval between the pulses (referred to as singlephase full-wave DC).
COMPARISON: DC & AC
Fixed polarity
Reverses polarity
Steady value
Stepped up or down
Easier to measure:
1.5 volts
2.2 ELECTRIC CIRCUIT path for electric current w/ EMF applied
2.2.1 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM electrical layout
Close Circuit complete; continuous path
Open Circuit broken, incomplete, and disconnected
2.2.2 TYPES OF CIRCUITS
1. Parallel Circuit
2. Series Circuit
Short Circuit: bridging
Shunt: circuit branching
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
SERIES CIRCUIT
V=IR
R=V/I
Current (Amperes)
EMF (Volts)
Resistance (Ohms)
Voltage (Volts) pressure or force; unit of electrical pressure or potential. Pressure makes
electricity flow through a wire. For a particular electrical load, the higher the voltage, the greater will
be the amount of electricity that will flow. (Voltmeter)
ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE (EMF) force which causes movement of electricity in a conductor
Amperes (Amps) inherent in wires (conductor); term for flow of electricity is current; unit used to
measure the magnitude of an electric current; the specific quantity of electrons passing a point in
one second. The amount of current, in amperes, that will flow through a circuit must be known in
order to determine proper wire sizes and the current rating of circuit breakers and fuses. (Ammeter)
Ampacity - current-carrying capacity (w/o undue heating)
Ohms friction; inherent in insulator; Electricity flowing through a material always meets with some
resistance. Insulators like wood, glass, and plastic have a high resistance. Copper, aluminum, and
silver have low resistance and are therefore good conductors of electricity. (Ohmmeter)
KILOWATT-HOUR METER
COMPONENTS OF A BATTERY
ALTERNATOR
The power driving the rotor, from a power source, eg a steam or gas turbine, is transferred to electrical power in
the stator winding. In the case of a large generator in a coal or nuclear power station, to achieve 50
hertz the 'rotor' has two poles of a magnet N & S which rotate past the top red winding of the 'stator' 50
times a second (or 3000 revs per minute - rpm.) Each time the N passes the R (for red stator winding
see diagram above) electrical current is induced into the red winding. The current builds up to a
maximum when N is under R , it then decreases and when the S passes the R it is a maximum in the
reverse direction. This is single phase AC.