Quy Trinh Thi Nghiem Mba - Phan I - Mba

Phn I: My bin p
TP ON IN LC VIT NAM
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QUY TRNH TH NGHIM

MY BIN P LC
PHN I: MY BIN P
PHN II: CC THIT B PH TR
PHN III: DU MY BIN P
(Bn thm nh)
H Ni - 2011
Quy trnh th nghim my bin p lc
Phn I: My bin p
TP ON IN LC VIT NAM
----------o0o----------
QUY TRNH TH NGHIM

MY BIN P LC
PHN I: MY BIN P
(Bn thm nh)
Phn I: My bin p
H Ni - 2011
MC LC
I. PHM VI IU CHNH V I TNG P DNG........................................7
iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh v i tng p dng.................................................7
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh.....................................................................................7
1.2. i tng p dng.....................................................................................7
II. TI LIU THAM KHO......................................................................................7
III. NI DUNG QUY TRNH...................................................................................10
CHNG I. CC QUY NH CHUNG..............................................................10
iu 2. Cc inh nghia v thu t ng...................................................................10
iu 3. Cc thng tin chung................................................................................16
3.1. Thng tin mc my..................................................................................16
3.2. Chng nhn kt qu th nghim (ca nh sn xut)..................................16
iu 4. Chun bi cho th nghim.........................................................................18
iu 5. Cc yu cu v th nghim in mi.......................................................19
5.1. B tr cc i tng th nghim khi th nghim in p cao.....................19
5.2. Cc yu cu vi in p th nghim.........................................................19
CHNG II. O IN TR MT CHIU.......................................................20
iu 6. Mc ch.................................................................................................20
iu 7. Phng php o in tr mt chiu........................................................20
7.1. Phng php cu......................................................................................20
7.2. Phng php Volt-Ampere (V-A)............................................................21
iu 8. Quy i gi tri in tr o......................................................................22
iu 9. nh gi kt qu.....................................................................................23
CHNG III. KIM TRA CC TNH V T U DY...............................24
iu 10. Mc ch...............................................................................................24
iu 11. Kim tra cc tnh bng xung mt chiu................................................24
iu 12. Kim tra cc tnh bng in p xoay chiu...........................................24
iu 13. Kim tra cc tnh bng phng php so snh.......................................25
iu 14. Kim tra t ni dy ca my bin p ba pha.........................................26
Phn I: My bin p
iu 15. Kim tra bng phng php xung mt chiu chn tri s.......................27
iu 16. Kim tra bng phng php xung mt chiu ba tri s..........................28
iu 17. nh gi kt qu...................................................................................29
CHNG IV. O T S BIN I....................................................................30
iu 18. Mc ch...............................................................................................30
iu 19. Cc yu cu..........................................................................................30
iu 20. o t s bin i ca my bin p m t pha s dng phng php hai
Voltmet................................................................................................................ 30
iu 21. o t s bin i ca my bin p ba pha bng ngun mt pha s dng
phng php hai Voltmet....................................................................................31
iu 22. o t s bin i bng phng php cu t s.......................................32
iu 23. nh gi kt qu...................................................................................32
CHNG V. O TN THT KHNG TI V DONG IN KHNG TI 33
iu 24. Mc ch...............................................................................................33
iu 25. Cc yu cu..........................................................................................33
iu 26. Th nghi m khng ti my bin p m t pha..........................................34
iu 27. Th nghi m khng ti my bin p ba pha............................................35
iu 28. Hiu chnh tn tht khng ti theo dng sng.......................................37
iu 29. Hiu chnh tn tht khng ti theo nhit ..........................................37
iu 30. Th nghim khng ti i n p thp....................................................38
30.1. Mc ch................................................................................................38
30.2. Th nghim khng ti in p thp i vi my bin p mt pha v ba
pha..................................................................................................................38
iu 31. nh gi kt qu...................................................................................39
iu 32. Xc inh dng in khng ti...............................................................40
CHNG VI. O TN THT NGN MCH V IN P NGN MCH(*)......41
iu 33. Mc ch...............................................................................................41
iu 34. Cc yu cu..........................................................................................41
iu 35. Xc inh tn tht ngn mch v i n p ngn mch ca my bin p hai
cu n dy..............................................................................................................42
Phn I: My bin p
iu 36. o tn tht ngn mch v i n p ngn mch ca my bin p ba cu n

dy....................................................................................................................... 44
iu 37. Xc inh tn tht ngn mch v i n p ngn mch ca my bin p t
ngu..................................................................................................................... 44
iu 38. Th nghim my bin p ba pha bng ngun mt pha...........................45
iu 39. Hiu chnh nhit ca tn tht ngn mch.........................................46
iu 40. in p ngn mch...............................................................................47
iu 41. nh gi kt qu...................................................................................48
CHNG VII. TH NGHIM IN MI BNG IN P TNG CAO......49
TN S CNG NGHIP(*).................................................................................49
iu 42. Mc ch...............................................................................................49
iu 43. Cc yu cu..........................................................................................49
iu 44. Trnh t th nghim...............................................................................50
iu 45. nh gi kt qu...................................................................................51
CHNG VIII. TH NGHIM CHU NG QU IN P CM NG(*).....54
iu 46. Mc ch...............................................................................................54
iu 47. Cc yu cu..........................................................................................54
iu 48. Trnh t th nghim...............................................................................54
48.1. Cc cun dy cch in ng nht.........................................................54
48.2. Cc cun dy cch in khng ng nht..............................................55
iu 49. nh gi kt qu...................................................................................56
iu 50. Th nghim in p cm ng kt hp o phng in cc b.................56
50.1. Cc bc thc hin................................................................................56
50.2. nh gi kt qu....................................................................................57
CHNG IX. TH NGHIM PHNG IN CC B (*)...............................58
iu 51. Mc ch...............................................................................................58
iu 52. Cc yu cu..........................................................................................58
52.1. S th nghim....................................................................................58
iu 53. Trnh t th nghim o phng in cc b............................................60
iu 54. nh gi kt qu...................................................................................60
CHNG X. O IN TR CCH IN V GCTN HAO IN MI.61
Phn I: My bin p
iu 55. o in tr cch in............................................................................61

55.1. Mc ch................................................................................................61
55.2. Cc yu cu............................................................................................61
55.3. Trnh t th nghi m................................................................................61
55.4. nh gi kt qu....................................................................................62
iu 56. o gc tn hao in mi tg.................................................................64
56.1. Mc ch................................................................................................64
56.2. Cc yu cu............................................................................................64
56.3. Trnh t th nghi m................................................................................64
56.4. nh gi kt qu....................................................................................65
Ghi ch: (*) Hng mc khng bt buc nu iu kin thit b khng p ng cc

yu cu ca php o ti hin trng.
Phn I: My bin p
I. PHM VI IU CHNH V I TNG P DNG

iu 1. Phm vi iu chnh v i tng p dng
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh
Quy trnh ny quy inh ni dung cc hng mc lin quan n cng tc th
nghim trc lp t, nghim thu, bo dng inh k, sau s c i vi cc my
bin p lc v my bin p phn phi.
1.2. i tng p dng
Quy trnh ny p dng i vi EVN, cc n vi trc thuc, cc n vi s nghip,
cc cng ty con do EVN nm gi 100% vn iu l, Ngi i din phn
vn gp, c phn ca EVN ti cc doanh nghip khc.
Quy trnh ny l c s Ngi i in phn vn gp, c phn ca EVN c
kin trong vic xy dng v biu quyt thng qua p dng Quy trnh th nghim
my bin p.
II. TI LIU THAM KHO
1. IEEE C57.12.90-2006 Standard Test Code for Liquid-Immersed
Distribution, Power and Regulating Transformers.
2. ANSI C57.12.10-1988, American National Standard for Transformers 230
kV and Below, 833/958 through 8333/10 417 kVA, Single-Phase, and
750/862 through 60 000/80 000/100 000 kVA, Three-Phase without Load
Tap Changing; and 3750/4687 through 60 000/80 000/100 000 kVA with
Load Tap Changing - Safety Requirements.2.
3. ANSI C57.12.20-1997, American National Standard for Overhead - Type
Distribution Transformers 500 kVA and Smaller: High Voltage, 34 500
Volts and Below; Low Voltage 7970/13 800Y and Below - Requirements.
4. ANSI C57.12.22-1995, American National Standard for Transformers Pad-Mounted, Compartmental - Type, Self - Cooled, Three - Phase
Distribution Transformers with High - Voltage Bushings, 2500 kVA and
Smaller: High-Voltage, 34 500 GrdY/19 920 Volts and Below; Low
Voltage, 480 Volts and Below - Requirements.
Phn I: My bin p
5. ANSI C57.12.24-1994, American National Standard for Transformers

Underground - Type Three Phase.
6. Distribution Transformers, 2500 kVA and Smaller: High-Voltage, 34 500
GrdY/19 920 Volts and Below; Low Voltage, 480 Volts and Below Requirements.
7. ANSI C57.12.25-1990, American National Standard for Transformers Pad-Mounted, Compartmental- Type, Self-Cooled, Single-Phase
Distribution Transformers with Separable Insulated High-Voltage
Connectors; High-Voltage, 34 500 GrdY/19 920 Volts and Below; LowVoltage, 240/120 Volts; 167 kVA and Smaller - Requirements.
8. ANSI C57.12.40-1994, American National Standard for Secondary
Network Transformers - Subway and Vault Types (Liquid Immersed Requirements.
9. ANSI C63.2-1996, American National Standard for Electromagnetic
Noise and Field Strength Instrumentation, 10 kHz to 40 GHz Specifications.
10.ANSI C84.1-1995, American National Standard for Electric Power
Systems and Equipment- Voltage Ratings (60 Hz).
11.ANSI Sl.4-1983 (Reaff 1997), American National Standard for Sound
Level Meters.
12.ANSI S1.11-1986 (Reaff 1998), American National Standard for Octave
Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters.
13.IEEE Std 4TM-1995, IEEE Standard Techniques for High Voltage Testing.
14.IEEE Std C57.12.00TM-2006, IEEE Standard General Requirements for
Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and Regulating Transformers.
15.IEEE Std C57.12.23TM-1992 (Reaff 1999), IEEE Standard for
Transformers - Underground-Type, Self - Cooled, Single-Phase
Distribution Transformers With Separable, Insulated, High-Voltage
Connectors; High-Voltage (24 940 GrdY/14 400 V and Below) and LowVoltage (240/120 V, 167 kVA and Smaller).
Phn I: My bin p
16.IEEE Std C57.12.26TM-1992, IEEE Standard for Pad-Mounted,

Compartmental-Type, Self-Cooled, Three - Phase Distribution
Transformers for Use With Separable Insulated High-Voltage Connectors
(34 500 Grd Y/19 920 V and Below; 2500 kVA and Smaller).
17.IEEE Std C57.12.80TM-2002, IEEE Standard Terminology for Power and
Distribution Transformers.
18.IEEE Std C57.19.00TM-2004, IEEE Standard General Requirements and
Test Procedures for Outdoor Power Apparatus Bushings.
19.IEEE Std C57.19.01TM-2000, IEEE Standard Performance Characteristics
and Dimensions for Outdoor Apparatus Bushings.
20.IEEE Std C57.98TM-1993 (Reaff 1999), IEEE Guide for Transformer
Impulse Tests.
21.IEEE Std C57.113TM-1991, IEEE Guide for Partial Discharge
Measurement in Liquid-Filled Power Transformers and Shunt Reactors.
22. IEC 60076-1-2000 Part 1: General.
23. IEC 60076-3-2000 Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external
clearances in air.
24.IEC 60076-4-2002 Guide to the lightning impulse and switching impulse
testing - Power transformers and reactors.
25. Quy chun Quc gia v k thut in tp 5: QCVN QT-5:2009BCT
26. Quy trnh vn hnh v sa cha my bin p 1997 ca Tng cng ty in
lc Vit Nam.
27.Tiu chun th nghim bn giao thit bi in Trung Quc GB 50150-2006.
28.Hop ca Lin X (c) 1978.
Phn I: My bin p
III. NI DUNG QUY TRNH

CHNG I. CC QUY NH CHUNG
iu 1. Cc nh nghia v thu t ng
Cc inh nghia v thut ng sau y c s dng trong Quy trnh ny.
1. B iu p di ti (on load tap changer): l thit bi bao gm cc dao la
chn, tip im dp h quang, c s dng thay i cc nc phn p ca
MBA khi ang mang ti.
K hiu: OLTC (IEC)
2. Cc th nghim khc (other tests): l cc th nghim c xc inh theo cc
tiu chun cho ring tng sn phm, c th do ngi t hng thm vo trong
cc th nghim thit k hoc cc th nghim thng thng (v d: xung, h s
cng sut cch in, n nghe c).
Ch : Tiu chun cc yu cu tng qut cho MBA (nh IEEE Std C57.12.002006) phn chia cc loi th nghim khc nhau nh thng thng, thit k,
khc ph thuc vo vo kch c, in p v loi MBA c k n.
3. Cc th nghim thng thng (routine tests): l cc th nghim c nh sn
xut thc hin qun l cht lng ca tt c cc thit bi, mu i din, trn cc
phn t hoc cc vt liu nh c yu cu, chng minh trong qu trnh sn
xut sn phm theo cc c tnh ki thut c thit k.
4. Cch in khng t phc hi (non-self-restoring insulation): l cch in
m c tnh cch in ca n bi mt hoc khng th phc hi hon ton sau s
phng in c nguyn nhn khi t mt in p; cch in loi ny khng
nht thit l cch in trong.
5. Cch in ngoi (external insulation): l cch in ca b mt ngoi v
khng kh xung quanh.
6. Cch in trong (internal insulation): l cch in khng tip xc trc
tip vi cc iu kin mi trng.
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Phn I: My bin p
7. Cch in t phc hi (self-restoring insulation): l cch in c th phc

hi hon ton cc c tnh cch in ca n sau khi xy ra phng in c nguyn
nhn khi t in p.
8. Cch in ng nht ca cun dy my bin p (uniform insulation of a
transformer winding): cch in ca cun dy t u n cui cun dy c cng
mc cch in.
9. Cch in khng ng nht ca cun dy my bin p (non-uniform
insulation of a transformer winding): l cch in ca cun dy my bin p m
u trung tnh cun dy c ni t trc tip hoc khng trc tip c mc cch
in thp hn so vi u cc.
10. Cc tnh (polarity): l mi quan h tc thi v hng ca cc dng in i
vo cc u ni s cp v i ra khi cc u ni th cp trong phn ln thi gian
ca mi na chu k.
Ch : cc u ni s cp v th cp c coi l c cng cc tnh khi, ti mt
thi im cho trong phn ln thi gian ca mi na chu k, dng in i vo
u ni s cp v i ra khi u ni th cp theo cng mt hng nh th c
dng in lin tc gia hai u ni ny.
11. Cun dy chung ca MBA t ngu (common winding of an
autotransformer): l mt phn ca cun dy MBA t ngu nm chung gia phn
mch s cp v th cp ca MBA.
12. Cun dy in p cao v in p thp (high voltage and low voltage
winding): thut ng in p cao v in p thp dng phn bit cun dy c
gi tri in p danh inh ln hn so vi cun dy c gi tri in p danh inh nh hn.
13. Cun dy iu chnh (regulating winding): l cun dy hoc mt phn ca
cun dy m trong cc u ly in ra c thay i iu chnh in p
hoc gc pha ca cun dy c iu chnh.
14. Cun dy n nh (stabilizing winding): l mt cun dy ph tr u tam
gic c s dng c bit trong cc MBA ba pha u hnh sao vi cc
mc ch nh sau:
a) n inh im trung tnh ca in p tn s c bn.
b) gim ti thiu in p sng hi bc ba v cc hiu ng tng hp trn
h thng.
c) Lm gim bt nh hng sng in thoi do cc dng in v in p
sng hi bc ba.
d) gim thiu t d trn li thp.
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Phn I: My bin p
e) gim tng tr th t khng ca cc MBA vi cc cun dy ni hnh sao.

Xem thm: Cun dy th ba (tertiary winding)
Ch : mt cun dy c xem nh l mt cun dy n nh nu cc u cc
ca n khng c u ni vi mch ngoi. Tuy nhin, mt hoc hai im ca
cun dy c mc ch nh dng im gc ca tam gic c th c a ra
ngoi ni t hoc c ni t qua v my. Vi mt MBA ba pha, nu cc
im khc ca cun dy c a ra ngoi, cun dy phi c xem nh l
mt cun dy bnh thng nh cc cun dy khc c nh ngha.
15. Cun dy s cp (primary winding): l cun dy pha nng lng u vo.
16. Cun dy th ba (tertiary winding): trong MBA c cc cun dy s cp v
th cp u hnh sao, cun dy th ba u tam gic dng :
1. n inh in p im trung tnh ca cun dy khc.
2. Gim bin b ca cc sng hi bc ba.
3. iu chnh gi tri ca tng tr th t khng.
4. Phc v ph ti.
Xem thm: Cun dy n nh (stabilizing winding)

17. Cun dy th cp (secondary winding): l cun dy pha nng lng u ra.
18. Cun ni tip ca MBA t ngu (series winding of an autotransformer): l
mt phn cun dy ca MBA t ngu, n khng phi l chung cho c hai mch
s cp v th cp, nhng c ni ni tip gia mch u vo v u ra.
19. Cng sut biu kin danh nh ca mt MBA (rated kVA of a
transformer): l cng sut u ra ti in p th cp danh inh v tn s danh
inh m khng lm tng nhit qu gii hn quy inh di cc iu kin danh inh.
20. Cng sut ngn mch (kVA): l cng sut c o trong cun dy c
kch thch vi cun dy khc c ngn mch v vi in p t vo cun dy
to ra dng in danh inh chy trong cun dy c ngn mch.
21. Dng in t ha (excitation current): l dng in chy qua cun dy c
dng t ha MBA khi tt c cc cun dy khc c h mch. N thng
c biu din di dng phn trm ca dng in danh inh ca cun dy
c o. Xem thm: No-load curent.
22. Dng in xoy (eddy curent): l dng in c cm ng trong bn thn
cc vt liu dn in bi t thng bin thin theo thi gian.
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Phn I: My bin p
23. Dng tun hon (trong OLTC) (circulating current): l dng in chy qua
tng tr chuyn tip gia hai nc phn p, c dng lm cu trong khi mt nc
phn p thay i vi tr, vi OLTC loi in tr hoc loi in khng.
24. u cc (terminal): (A) l mt phn t dn in ca mt thit bi hoc mt
mch c mc ch ni ti mt vt dn bn ngoi. (B) l mt thit bi c c
inh vi mt vt dn lm s lin kt vi mt vt dn khc d dng.
25. u phn p (tap changer): l u ni c a ra ngoi mt cun dy
thc hin thay i in p, dng in hoc t s.
26. in p nh hng sng raio (RIV): l in p tn s radio thng c
sinh ra bi phng in cc b v c o ti cc u cc thit bi vi mc ch
xc minh hiu ng nh hng in t ca s phng in.
Ch :
1. RIV c th c o vi mt thit b o (cp o) nh hng radio v thng
c o ti tn s 1MHz, tuy nhin mt di tn s rng c th c s dng.
2. Gi tr RIV thng c s dng nh l mt ch s ca cng
phng in cc b.
3. RIV ca mt thit b c o c trc y xc nh nh hng
ca thit b mang in vi sng pht thanh radio.
27. in p danh nghia ca h thng (nominal system voltage): l in p thit
k lin quan vi cc c tnh vn hnh tt yu ca h thng.
(in p danh ngha ca h thng l gn vi in p m ti h thng vn
hnh bnh thng v cung cp in p c s trong h n v tng i cho mc
ch nghin cu h thng. cho php vn hnh lin tc, cc phn t ca h
thng c thit k thng vn hnh cc cp in p thp hn khong 5%
n 10% so vi in p cc i ca h thng).
28. in p chu ng (withstand voltage): l in p m mt thit bi in c
kh nng chiu ng c khng xy ra s c hoc phng in ph hy khi
c th nghim trong cc iu kin c th.
29. in p danh nh (rated voltage ): l in p m s vn hnh v cc c
tnh cht lng ki thut ca cc thit bi in c tham chiu.
30. in p h thng (system voltage): l in p pha - pha hiu dng tn s
cng nghip trn mt h thng dng in xoay chiu ba pha.
31. in p h thng cc i (maximum system voltage): l in p h thng
cc i xut hin trong cc iu kin vn hnh danh inh, ti in p ny cc
13
Phn I: My bin p
thit bi v cc b phn khc ca h thng c thit k vn hnh lin tc mt

cch ph hp.
Ch : in p ny khng bao gm cc in p thong qua v qu in p tm
thi c nguyn nhn do cc iu kin khng chun ca h thng nh l s c,
sa thi ph ti v.v.
32. in p ngn mch ca MBA (impedance voltage of a transformer): l
in p c yu cu to ra dng in danh inh mt trong hai cun dy
c xc inh ca MBA khi cun dy cn li c ngn mch, vi cc cun dy
khc c h mch.
33. in tch biu kin (apparent charge): l lng in tch m nu c bm
tc thi vo gia cc cc ca i tng th nghim s lm thay i in p gia
cc cc ca n bng mt lng tng t nh phng in cc b trong bn thn
n. in tch biu kin c biu din bng n vi Coulomb v c k hiu l C.
34. Gi tr bin nh (crest value): l gi tri tuyt i ln nht ca mt hm
s khi m gi tri cc i tn ti.
35. Gc tn hao in mi tg (dissipation factor): l t s ca thnh phn in
tr tc dng v in dung ca cch in v thng c bit n nh l tg ca
gc tn hao in mi biu din bng phn trm (%).
36. My bin p (MBA) (transformer): l mt thit bi in tinh bao gm mt,
hai hoc nhiu cp cun dy c hoc khng c li thp lin kt cc mch
in. Cc MBA c dng rng ri trong cc h thng in truyn ti nng
lng da trn nguyn l cm ng in t, thng thay i gi tri ca in p
v dng in cng tn s.
37. MBA iu p di ti (on load tap changing transformer): l MBA c
s dng thay i in p hoc gc pha hoc c hai, ca mt mch iu chnh
theo tng bc bng cch ni vi cc u phn p khc nhau ca (cc) cun dy
c cc u phn p m khng phi ct ti.
38. MBA c lm mt bng nc (water cooled transformer): l MBA ngm
trong cht lng cch in c lm mt bng s trao i nhit vi nc lm mt
chy xuyn qua thit bi trao i nhit gia cht lng cch in v nc.
39. MBA kh (dry-type transformer): l MBA m trong cc cun dy v li
thp c cha trong kh hoc vt liu cch in kh.
40. MBA ngm trong du (oil-immersed transformer): l MBA c ngm
trong cht lng m y cht lng cch in v cht lng lm mt l du
khong c bit c lc sch (du my bin p).
14
Phn I: My bin p
41. MBA phn phi (distribution transformer): l MBA truyn ti in nng

t mt mch phn phi s cp n mch phn phi th cp hoc phc v cc h
tiu th in.
42. MBA t ngu (auto-transformer): l MBA trong c t nht hai cun dy
c phn chung.
43. Mc cch in (insulation level): l bn cch in c th hin trong
iu kin chiu ng in p.
44. Mc cch in xung st c bn (basic lightning impulse insulation level):
l mc cch in c biu din bng kV gi tri nh ca xung st tiu chun. (BIL)
45. Phng in cc b (partial discharge): l s phng in m ch phng in
tng phn qua lp cch in gia cc vt dn v c th xy ra gn vt dn hoc khng.
46. S xuyn (bushing): l mt cu trc cch in bao gm mt li dn in
trung tm gn trn v my cho mc ch cch in vt dn vi v my.
47. Th nghim chu ng in p ca in mi (dielectric withstand voltage
test): l th nghim xc inh kh nng chiu ng in p ca vt liu cch
in v khong cch chiu ng qu in p trong mt khong thi gian xc
inh m khng xy ra phng in hoc nh thng.
48. Th nghim in p cm ng (induced voltage test): l th nghim in mi
trn cc cun dy MBA trong in p th nghim c hnh thnh trong cc
cun dy bi cm ng in t.
49. Th nghim in mi tn s thp (low-frequency dielectric test): l cc th
nghim in mi trong in p th nghim l in p xoay chiu tn s
thp (tn s cng nghip) t mt ngun bn ngoi.
50. Th nghim nh k: l kim tra thc hin bng quan st v o nu cn
thit duy tr tnh nng hot ng bnh thng v phng trnh s c trong
khong thi gian quy inh.
51. Th nghim sau lp t: l cc th nghim thc hin khi hon thnh cng
vic k thut xc nhn cht lng hon thnh tng hp cng trnh trc
khi bt u vn hnh.
52. Th nghim trc lp t: l kim tra xc nhn vic thc hin tng giai
on cc cng vic thi cng ti cng trng bao gm c cng vic sa cha,
i tu.
53. Thit b la chn u phn p (trong b OLTC) (tap selector): l thit bi
c thit k ch mang dng in, c s dng kt hp vi tip im dp h
quang la chn u phn p.
15
Phn I: My bin p
54. T s bin i ca MBA (turn ratio of a transformer): l t s ca s vng

dy qun trn cun dy in p cao vi s vng qun trn cun dy in p thp.
55. Ti s th nghim ca s xuyn (bushing tap): l im ni ti mt trong cc
lp dn in ca in dung c phn chia ca s xuyn o phng in cc
b, h s cng sut, v gi tri in dung.
56. Tip im dp h quang (trong b OLTC) (arcing switch): l thit bi thao
tc lin kt vi b dao la chn u phn p ng ngt dng in trong
cc mch c chn.
57. Tn tht mang ti (load losses): tn tht mang ti bao gm tn tht I 2R
trong cc thnh phn dn dng in (cc cun dy, dy dn, thanh ci, s
xuyn), tn tht do dng in xoy v dng in chy qun (nu c) trong cc
cun dy song song hoc cc b dy song song, v tn tht tn c cm ng
bi t thng r trong v, li thp hoc cc thnh phn cu trc khc.
Xem thm: Tn tht khng ti (t ha)
58. Tn tht I2R (I2R loss): l tn tht tng ng vi dng in v in tr mt
chiu ca cc cun dy.
59. Tn tht dng in xoy (eddy-current loss): l tn tht nng lng trong
vt dn, gy ra bi dng in xoy.
60. Tn tht tn (stray loss): l tn tht tng ng vi t thng r phn tn, to
ra tn tht trong li thp, cc bulng, v thng v cc thnh phn cu trc khc.
61. Tn tht do t tr (hysteresis loss): l tn tht in nng trong cc vt liu
in t c nguyn nhn do t trng bin thin v c tnh t tr ca vt liu
in t.
62. Tn tht khng ti (no-load loss): l cc tn tht lin quan n s t ha
ca MBA. Tn tht khng ti bao gm tn tht trong li thp, tn tht trong cc
phn dn in ca cun dy tng ng vi dng in t ha v.v.
Xem thm: Tn tht mang ti
63. Tn tht li thp (core loss): tn tht li thp bao gm tn tht do t tr v
dng in xoy trong li thp.
64. Tng tn tht (ca MBA) (total losses): tng ca tn tht khng ti v tn
tht ngn mch, khng bao gm tn tht trong cc thit bi ph.
16
Phn I: My bin p
iu 2. Cc thng tin chung

2.1. Thng tin mc my
Tr khi trong cc trng hp ring c xc inh, thng tin ti thiu c biu
hin trn mc my c xc inh bi tiu chun do nh sn xut cung cp v
cc lu cn c a ra.
2.2. Chng nhn kt qu th nghim (ca nh sn xut)
Cc thng tin di y l cc thng tin ti thiu cn c trong chng nhn kt
qu th nghim:
a) D liu v khch hng
1. Ngi t hng
2. S ng k ca ngi t hng
3. S ng k ca nh sn sut v s seri
b) D liu danh inh
1. Kiu my bin p (lc, t ngu, ni t v.v.)
2. Kiu cu trc ca my bin p (kiu tr, kiu v bc)(*)
3. Cp lm mt
4. S pha
5. Kt ni (tam gic, sao, ziczc v.v.)
6. Cc tnh ca my bin p mt pha
7. Tn s
8. Dung mi cch in (du, silicon v.v.)
9. tng nhit (*)
10. Cc gi tri danh inh ca cun dy : in p, cng sut VA, BIL,
tt c cc gi tri tng nhit c trng (*)
11.Thnh phn sng hi nu ln hn tiu chun (*)
c) Cc th nghim v d liu c tnh ton
1. Ngy th nghim
2. in tr mt chiu cun dy
3. Tn tht: khng ti, ngn mch, tn tht ph v tng tn tht
4. Tng tr (%)
17
Phn I: My bin p
5. Dng t ha (%)
6. Cc d liu c tnh nhit (**)
i. Nhit mi trng
ii. Vi tr u phn p, tng tn tht, v dng in tng ng vi
tng tn tht
iii. Dng chy ca du trong cun dy (trc tip hoc gin tip)
iv. tng nhit ca du lp di v lp trn tng ng vi mi
th nghim tng tn tht
v. tng nhit trung bnh ca cun dy vi tng cun dy trong
tng th nghim
vi. tng nhit ca im nng nht tng ng vi cng sut cc i
7. Tng tr th t khng (khi c ch ra) (*)
8. S iu chnh (khi c ch ra) (*)
9. Gi tri th nghim in p xoay chiu tn s cng nghi p vi mi
cun dy*
10. Gi tri th nghim in p cm ng, bao gm c gi tri phng in
cc b khi c yu cu(*)
11. S liu th nghim xung st (khi c yu cu hoc xc inh) (*)
12. S liu th nghim xung thao tc (khi c yu cu)(*)
13. Kt qu th nghim mc ting n (khi c yu cu) (*)
14. Kt qu th nghim th nghim ngn mch (khi c yu cu) (*)
15. Kt qu th nghim t s
16. Kt qu phi hp pha hoc th nghim cc tnh
17. Kt qu th nghim in mi (tan, in tr cch in v.v.)
18. Cc kt qu th nghim c bit khc(*)
d) Giy chng nhn v ph chun.
Ch : * l khng c yu cu vi cc my bin p phn phi tr khi c
xc nh bi ngi s dng.
** l khng c yu cu vi cc my bin p phn phi 2500 kVA v nh
hn tr khi c xc nh bi ngi s dng.
18
Phn I: My bin p
iu 3. Chun b cho th nghim

Trc khi bt u th nghim my bin p cn phi kim tra xem xt ton b
my bin p t bn ngoi:
1. Kim tra vic lp t my bin p xong, du cch in my bin p
c bm vo my bin p n inh ti thiu 12 gi. Lng du trong
my quan st trn b ch thi mc du . My bin p khng r r du.
2. Kim tra cc s u ra khng bi st m, rn nt, chn s khng chy
du, b mt s c v sinh sch s. Cc u ni dy n c tch
khi my bin p khong cch an ton.
3. V my nguyn vn khng mp, mo, mu ca silicagen khng i.
4. Du cch in trong my bin p c kim tra, kt qu th nghim
du tt.
5. Cc u s ra ang c ni tt v ni t.
6. Kim tra cc thng s trn my c ng vi ti liu cp khng.
iu 4. Cc yu cu v th nghim in mi
4.1. B tr cc i tng th nghim khi th nghim in p cao
c tnh phng in ca cc i tng th nghim c th bi nh hng bi s b
tr ca chng. Do , khong cch ti cu trc mang in bng hoc ln hn 1,5
ln khong cch phng in ngn nht c th ca i tng th nghim.
4.2. Cc yu cu vi in p th nghim
4.2.1. Yu cu v in p th nghim
in p th nghim l in p xoay chiu tn s cng nghip (45Hz 65Hz). Cc th
nghim c bit c th c yu cu thc hin ti cc tn s cao hn hoc thp
hn di tn s trn.
Dng sng in p cn thit phi l chnh xc l hnh sin v c t s ca gi tri
nh v gi tri hiu dng bng 2 5% .
Trong mt vi trng hp c bit, lch ln hn c th c xem xt chp nhn.
in p trong mch th nghim phi n inh trong qu trnh th nghim.
Cc yu cu chung vi cc php o in p xoay chiu nh sau:
a) o gi tri nh hoc gi tri hiu dng ca in p th nghim vi sai s
khng qu 3%.
b) o bin ca cc thnh phn sng hi vi sai lch khng qu 10%.
4.2.2. Tc tng in p khi th nghim chu ng in p

19
Phn I: My bin p
in p t vo i tng th nghim c bt u ti mt gi tri thp ph hp

trnh nh hng ca qu in p do ng ct thong qua. N cn c tng
chm thch hp cho php c chnh xc gi tri o ca thit bi th nghim,
nhng khng qu chm l nguyn nhn duy tr p lc v in p khng cn thit
trn i tng th nghim. Khi in p tng trn 75% ca in p th nghim, tc
tng in p l khong 2% in p th nghim trn mt giy (2%/s). Vi th
nghim in p thp (n 1000V) tc tng c th ln hn v y khng c
s qu ti ti mc 100%. in p th nghim cn phi c duy tr trong mt
thi gian xc inh v sau c gim, nhng khng c ngt t ngt l
nguyn nhn to ra cc xung ng ct thong qua gy nguy him hoc s bt
thng trong kt qu th nghim.
4.2.3. Cc c tnh ca thit b th nghim
Cc php o s phi c thc hin vi cc thit bi c hiu chun.
Cc thit bi th nghim c s dng cn phi c cp chnh xc 0,5 hoc tt hn,
i vi thit bi s cn c chnh xc tng ng.
CHNG II. O IN TR MT CHIU
iu 1. Mc ch
in tr mt chiu cun dy my bin p c o ti hin trng kim tra cht
lng cc u ni cun dy, s bt thng trong cun dy (t mch hoc chp
vng dy) hoc in tr tip xc cao ca b iu p.
iu 2. Phng php o in tr mt chiu
in tr mt chiu cun dy MBA c o bng mt trong cc phng php
sau: phng php cu, phng php Volt-Ampere (phng php microOhmmet). Cc thit bi o hin i c tch hp mt trong hai phng php trn.
20
Phn I: My bin p
2.1. Phng php cu
Hnh 2.1: S u ni thc t o in tr nh
Hnh 2.2: S u ni thc t o in tr (cu Wheatstone)

Bc 1: u ni cc u o (theo hnh 2.1 ho c hnh 2.2), cc u o c tip
xc tt.
Bc 2: bt u thao tc, iu chnh php o.
Bc 3: c gi tri ch thi khi cu cn bng.
Bc 4: lp li php o ti tt c cc u phn p.
Ch :
1. Khi s dng phng php cu o in tr nh, cn la chn thang o ph
hp vi gi tr c o m bo chnh xc ca php o.
21
Phn I: My bin p
2. Gi tr in tr o c, nu cn quy i v nhit tham chiu c trnh

by trong iu 8.
2.2. Phng php Volt-Ampere (V-A)
s dng phng php ny, cn tun th theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1: u ni cc u o theo hnh 2.3, cc u o c tip xc tt.
Php o c thc hin vi dng in mt chiu. Ngun cung cp s dng
cquy hoc b chnh lu c lc. Ngun in p chnh lu c s dng nu s
dao ng in p ca n khng qu 1%.
Bc 2: cc u o dng in c u ni pha ngoi, cc u o in p pha
trong mch o (xem hnh 2.1). Tin hnh o v c ng thi gi tri dng
in v in p o c trong s nh hnh v 2.3.
Bc 3: in tr o c tnh ton theo inh lut Ohm.
Bc 4: lp li php o ti tt c cc nc phn p.
mV
K1
K2
V
Hnh 2.3: S o in tr theo phng php V-A

kt qu o c chnh xc, cn lu cc im sau:
a) Cc thit bi o c di thang o ph hp, tt nht cc gi tri o nm trn
70% gi tri ca ton thang o.
b) Cc tnh ngun o phi c gi c inh trong sut qu trnh th nghim.
c) Vi tr ca cc u o in p cn c ni cng gn u cc cun dy
cng tt trnh in tr ca dy o v in tr tip xc ca cc mi ni
lm tng thm gi tri in tr c c.
22
Phn I: My bin p
d) Dng in c s dng trong cc th nghim ny khng c vt

qu 15% dng in danh inh trnh pht nng cun dy, gy sai
s v in tr.
e) Thit bi o cn c cp chnh xc 0,5 hoc tt hn.
f) trnh h hng Voltmet, cn ng Voltmet sau khi dng np n inh v
ct Voltmet khi mch o trc khi ct mch dng. an ton cho ngi
th nghim trnh xung dng in cm ng, dng in phi c ng ct
bng thit bi ng ct c cch in ph hp.
g) Khi gi tri Volt v Ampere t n gi tri n inh mi c kt qu o. Mi
php o c thc hi n ti thiu 03 ln v ly gi tri trung bnh.
iu 3. Quy i gi tr in tr o
Cc kt qu o nhit cun dy thng c qui i v nhit ca nh ch
to hoc ln trc (Ts). Ngoi ra, c th qui i kt qu o in tr v nhit
ti thc hin cc php o v tn hao ngn mch. Vic qui i c thc
hin theo cng thc (2.1):
R S =R m
Ts +Tk
Tm +Tk
(2.1)
Trong :
Rs : in tr ti nhit Ts ()
Rm : in tr o c ti nhit Tm ()
TS : nhit tham chiu (oC)
Tm : nhit ti thi im o (oC)
Tk : bng 235 (i vi dy ng) v 225 (i vi dy nhm)
Ch : nhit Tk c th cao n 230oC i vi hp kim nhm.
iu 4. nh gi kt qu
Kt qu th nghi m thng c so snh vi gi tri o ca nh ch to ho c kt
qu ca cc ln o trc. Mc sai lch gi tri in tr mt chiu o c khng
c vt qu 2% gia cc gi tri o c cc pha v s liu nh ch to ti
cng mt nc phn p quy v cng nhit .
lch ca gi tri in tr mt chiu c tnh theo cng thc:
R(%)=
R max - R min
100
R TB
(2.2)
23
Phn I: My bin p
Trong :
R (%) : lch (%) ca gi tri in tr mt chiu
Rmax
: gi tri in tr mt chiu pha ln nht trong cc php o ()
Rmin
: gi tri in tr mt chiu pha nh nht trong cc php o ()
RTB
: gi tri in tr mt chiu trung bnh cc pha trong cc php o ()
i vi cc MBA c kt cu c bit, in tr mt chiu cc pha khng nh

nhau ch so snh vi s liu ca nh ch to, nhng lch khng qu 2%.
CHNG III. KIM TRA CC TNH V T U DY

iu 1. Mc ch
Th nghim kim tra cc tnh v t u dy l cn thit vn hnh song song
hai hoc nhiu my bin p. Cc tnh v t u dy phi c kim tra trc khi
my bin p c ng in ln u tin ti vi tr lp t.
24
Phn I: My bin p
iu 2. Kim tra cc tnh bng xung mt chiu

A
Hnh 3.1: Xc nh cc tnh cun dy bng xung m t chiu

Cc tnh ca my bin p c th c xc inh khi thc hin cc php o nh sau:
Ngun mt chiu thch hp c s dng l ngun pin 1,5V.
Bc 1: u ni cc thit bi nh trn s hnh 3.1. Ni ngun dng ca pin
vo u A, ngun m vo u X ca cun dy in p cao.
Bc 2: ng xung dng in mt chiu vo cun dy in p cao v quan
st chiu kim quay ca Ganvanomet.
Khi kim ch xoay chiu dng l cng cc tnh.
Khi kim ch xoay chiu m l ngc cc tnh.
Ch : kt qu thu c l chnh xc, Ganvanomet phi c mc ng cc
tnh. Thao tc ng ngt xung nhanh nhng phi quan st chiu quay ca
kim ch th.
iu 3. Kim tra cc tnh bng in p xoay chiu
i vi cc my bin p c t s bin p l 30:1 hay nh hn th dy dn H 1 s
c ni vi dy dn in p thp k cn (X1 trong hnh 3.2).
25
Phn I: My bin p
U(AC)
A
X
V
Hnh 3.2: Kim tra cc tnh bng in p xoay chiu

Gi tri in p xoay chiu t vo ton b cun dy in p cao v cc ch s
c c gia pha in p thp v pha in p cao lin k (bn tay phi)
a) Khi ch s in p sau ln hn ch s trc l ngc cc tnh.
b) Khi ch s in p sau nh hn ch s trc l cng cc tnh.
iu 4. Kim tra cc tnh bng phng php so snh
Hnh 3.3: Kim tra cc tnh bng phng php so snh

Bc 1: ni cc cun dy in p cao ca c hai my bin p song song vi nhau
bng cch ni cc dy dn cng du vi nhau.
Bc 2: ni dy dn in p thp X2, ca c hai my bin p vi nhau, dy
dn X1 t do.
26
Phn I: My bin p
Bc 3: vi cc kt ni ny, a gi tri in p vo cc cun dy in p cao v

o i n p gia hai u dy t do.
Vic Voltmet ch khng hoc mt gi tri khng ng k cho thy cc tnh tng
i ca c hai my bin p l ging nhau (xem hnh 3.3).
iu 5. Kim tra t ni dy ca my bin p ba pha
xc inh t u dy cn qui c :
1) Cun cao p k hiu l A, B, C; X, Y, Z cn cc cun in p thp l a, b,
c; x, y, z (mt s quy c khc tng ng c s dng l H 1 , H 2 , H 3 l
u u ca cun cao p tng ng vi k hiu A, B, C; X 1, X2, X3 l u
u ca cun h p tng ng vi k hiu a, b, c).
2) cc cun dy c cng chiu qun, tt c cc im u (c cng cc
tnh) ca cun dy u c biu din cng mt pha, cn nhng im
cui cng pha khc. Nhng cun dy c chiu qun khc nhau th im
u v im cui ca chng c b tr cc pha khc nhau.
3) Gi thit vc t in p s cp l U AX v in p th cp l U ax cc sut
in ng EAX v Eax tng ng u c cng chiu. Khi chiu dng
ca mi vc t tng ng vi chiu cun dy i t cc im X v x n
A, a. Nu cc cun dy c chiu qun khc nhau, chiu dng vc t sut
in ng ng vi chiu t X n A cun dy in p thp theo chiu
ngc li 180o t a n x.
4) im u cun dy v im trung tnh c b tr trn np my bin p
theo th t O, A, B, C v o, a, b, c t tri sang phi nu nhn t pha cun
dy in p cao.
5) thi vc t in p dy v in p pha pha s cp c coi l gc v
trong mi trng hp u khng thay i.
6) T u dy l gc lch pha gia vc t in p dy hoc in p pha ca
cun dy cng pha gia in p thp so vi in p cao. Tu theo nhng
yu t k trn t u dy my bin p c th khc nhau n30 o (n = 1 12)
do ging cch chia gi trn ng h nn t u dy ca my bin p cng
c th gi theo s ch ca ng h (hnh 3.4).
27
Phn I: My bin p
Y/d-11
Y/Y-12
A
UAB
UAB
Uab
Uab
X
x
Y
y
Z
z
A
a
c
a
c
C
b
B
C
a
c
c
Hnh 3.4: T u dy ca my bin p ba pha

iu 6. Kim tra bng phng php xung mt chiu chn tr s
Bc 1: u ni cc thit bi nh trong hnh 3.5.
Bc 2: ni ngun (+) pin vi cc A, u (-) ti cc B cun cao p.
Bc 3: ni u h p a ni vi cc (+) in k, b ni vi cc (-) lp bng ghi
chiu lch ca kim in k. Kim lch phi ghi du (+); Kim lch tri ghi du (-).
Bc 4: ni u h p b ni vi cc (+) in k, c ni vi cc (-) lp bng ghi
Bc 5: ni u h p a ni vi cc (+) in k, c ni vi cc (-) lp bng ghi
Bc 6: ni ngun (+) pin vi cc B, u (-) ti cc C cun cao p. Thc hi n
li cc bc t 3 n bc 5.
Bc 7: ni ngun (+) pin vi cc A, u (-) ti cc C cun cao p. Thc hi n
li cc bc t 3 n bc 5.
Bc 8: tra bng mu bit c t ni dy ca my bin p.
Ch : khi ng ct ngun mt chiu, thao tc phi nhanh nhng phn
bit chiu lch ca kim in k lch tri hay lch phi.
28
Phn I: My bin p
Y/d-11
Y/Y-12
AB BC AC
AB BC AC
A
Y
x
bc
ac
b
+
ab
ab
bc
ac
c
+
- b +
Hnh 3.5: Kim tra t ni dy bng xung mt chiu chn tr s

iu 7. Kim tra bng phng php xung mt chiu ba tr s
Bc 2: ni ngun (+) pin vi cc B, u (-) ti cc A v C cun cao p.
Bc 3: ni u h p a ni vi cc (+) in k, b ni vi cc (-) lp bng ghi
chiu lch ca kim in k, thao tc ng ngt ngun pin v theo di chiu l ch
ca kim i n k. Kim lch phi ghi du (+); Kim lch tri ghi du (-).
Bc 4: ni u h p b ni vi cc (+) in k, c ni vi cc (-) lp bng ghi
ca kim i n k.Kim lch phi ghi du (+); Kim lch tri ghi du (-).
Bc 5: ni u h p a ni vi cc (+) in k, c ni vi cc (-) lp bng ghi
ca kim i n k.Kim lch phi ghi du (+); Kim lch tri ghi du (-).
Bc 6: tra bng mu (bng 3.1) bit c t ni dy ca my bin p.
29
Phn I: My bin p
Y/d-11
Y/Y-12
ab
A
Y
x
ab
bc
ac
c
+
b
+
ac
bc
- b +
Hnh 3.6: Phng php xung mt chiu ba tr s

Bng 3.1: Cc t ni dy cun dy my bin p
T ni
Cun dy
T ni
Cun dy
dy
ab
bc
ac
dy
ab
bc
ac
11
10
Ch : cu t s c m t trong iu 22 cng c th c s dng kim tra

cc tnh.
iu 8. nh gi kt qu
Kt qu th nghim ca cc tnh v t u dy ca my bin p phi ng nh s
trn mc my ca nh sn xut.
30
Phn I: My bin p
CHNG IV. O T S BIN I

iu 1. Mc ch
o t s bin i ca my bin p lc xc inh c ph hp vi cc s liu ca
nh ch to hay khng. T s bin i cn l iu kin cc my bin p vn
hnh song song. Xc inh t s bin i cn c s dng pht hin cc h
hng c th xy ra.
iu 2. Cc yu cu
1) Xc inh t s bin i c th c thc hin in p thp hn danh
inh ti tn s danh inh.

2) m bo an ton cho ngi o v dng c o, nn a in p th
nghim vo cun cao p. Cc ng h dng o t s bin cn phi c

cp chnh xc 0,3 hoc tt hn.
3)o t s bin phi c thc hin tt c cc nc phn p.
iu 3. o t s bin i ca my bin p m t pha s dng phng php
hai Voltmet
A
U(AC)
V
X
Hnh 4.1: o t s bin my bin p m t pha

o t s bin i ca my bin p m t pha bng phng php hai Voltmet,
thc hi n cc bc sau:
Bc 2: t i n p xoay chiu m t pha vo cu n dy cao p ca my bin p.
Bc 3: c ng thi gi tri trn hai Voltmet.
Bc 4: t s bin i trong trng hp ny c tnh theo cng thc:
U
K= AX
U ax
(4.1)
Trong :
UAX: in p a vo cun dy cao p (V)
31
Phn I: My bin p
Uax : in p o c u ra cun dy h p (V)

Bc 5: thc hi n o ti tt c cc nc phn p ca my bin p.
iu 4. o t s bin i ca my bin p ba pha bng ngun mt pha s
dng phng php hai Voltmet
A
U AC
Hnh 4.2: o t s bin i ca my bin p ba pha bng ngun mt pha

o t s bin i ca my bin p ba pha bng phng php hai Voltmet, thc
hi n cc bc sau:
Bc 2: t i n p xoay chiu m t pha vo cu n dy cao p ca my bin p.
Bc 3: ly ng thi gi tri trn hai Voltmet.
Bc 4: t s bin i trong trng hp ny c tnh theo cng thc:
3U1
i vi cc cu n dy u Y/
2U 2
2U1
K=
i vi cc cu n dy u /Y
3U 2
K=
(4.2)
(4.3)
Trong :
U1: in p a vo cun dy cao p (V)
U2: in p o c u ra cun dy h p (V)
Bc 5: thc hi n o ti tt c cc nc phn p ca my bin p.
Bc 6: lp li t bc 1 n bc 5 o t s ca hai pha cn li.
32
Phn I: My bin p
Ch : khi o t s bin i ca my bin p ba pha c cun dy ni Y/ ho c

/Y trong hnh 4.2 bng ngun mt pha, mun c kt qu ng cn phi ni tt
pha khng o cu n dy tam gic.
iu 5. o t s bin i bng phng php cu t s
Mt mch cu o c nguyn l nh hnh 4.3 c th c s dng o t s
Hnh 4.3: Mch c bn ca cu o t s

Khi kim ch thi ca DET cn bng, t s ca my bin p s l R/R1.
Ch :
1. S mch o t s ch ra y c s dng trong qu kh v c
m t xc nh t s bng thit b o in tr.
2. Kt qu c chnh xc cao hn c th thu c bng vic s dng cu
o t s c cung cp chc nng hiu chnh gc pha.
3. Cu t s cng c th c s dng xc nh cc tnh, quan h pha
v th t pha.
iu 6. nh gi kt qu
Sai s ca t s bin i phi nh hn 0,5% so vi gi tri trn mc my ca
MBA vi tt c cc cun dy. T s bin i o c nhng nc u hoc nc
cui ca MBA ba pha c th c lch ln hn 0,5%, gi tri ny khng phi l
l do loi b MBA, cn phi so snh vi s liu xut xng ca nh ch to.
33
Phn I: My bin p
CHNG V. O TN THT KHNG TI V DONG IN KHNG

TI
iu 1. Mc ch
Th nghi m ny c thc hi n xc inh tn tht khng ti (Po) v dng i n
khng ti (Io) ca my bin p trc khi a vo v n hnh, ng thi th
nghi m ny c th c s dng pht hi n cc h hng, khuyt t t trong li
thp hoc cu n dy my bin p.
iu 2. Cc yu cu
1) nh gi chnh xc tn hao khng ti, phi thc hin in p danh
inh. Trng hp khng iu kin, cho php thc hin in p thp
nhng khng c nh hn 5% in p danh inh.
Tn hao o c in p thp c th a v in p danh inh theo cng thc:
U
POdm =P dm'
U
'
O
(5.1)
Trong :
POm : cng sut khng ti (W) ng vi in p danh inh Um
PO : tn hao khng ti (W) o c in p thp U
n
: h s ph thuc iu kin gia cng li ca nh ch to
(Trong trng hp nh ch to khng cung cp, dng gi tri n = 1,8 tng ng

vi thp cn nng; n = 1,9 tng ng vi thp cn ngui tnh ton nhng gi
tri trn ch tham kho)
Ch : th nghim khng ti in p thp, tn s 50Hz thng c thc hin
in p 220V hoc 380V .
Khi o tn tht khng ti my bin p mt pha theo s hnh 5.4, vi vic loi
tr tn hao trn dng c o. Tn hao trong my bin p PO' in p U' l:
PO' Pdo - PP
(5.2)
Trong :
34
Phn I: My bin p
Po : tn hao o c trn dng c (W)

PP : tn hao ph trn dng c o (W)
Tn hao trong dng c c xc nh theo cng thc:
(rV - rw ) U '2
PP
rV rw
(5.3)
Trong :
U' : in p thp khi o tn hao my bin p (V)
rv : in tr ca Voltmet ()
rw : in tr ca Voltmet v trn cun p ca Wattmet ()
Cc in tr ny c ghi trn dng c.
2) Tu thuc vo cc cun dy ca my bin p c u ni hnh tam gic
hay hnh sao, u ni Voltmet phi m bo cho dng sng trn Voltmet l
dng sng trn cc cun dy c ng in.
3) thun tin cho th nghim ny nn a in p vo ton b cun dy c
in p thp. Trng hp ch a in p vo mt phn cun dy, phn ny
khng c t hn 25% cun dy.
4) xc inh tn tht khng ti ca my bin p mt pha hoc my bin p ba
pha, tn s ca ngun in th nghim khng c khc 0,5% so vi tn s
danh inh ca my bin p c th nghim. in p c th c chp nhn l
gi tri c xc inh ca Voltmet in p trung bnh. Gi tri hiu dng ca in
p, dng in, cng sut in v gi tri in p trung bnh phi c ghi li ng
thi. Vi my bin p ba pha, gi tri trung bnh ca ba Voltmet c c
s c chp nhn l gi tri chun.
iu 3. Th nghi m khng ti my bin p m t pha
Th nghi m khng ti my bin p m t pha theo cc bc sau y:
Bc 1: u ni cc thit bi nh trong hnh 5.1 (trong trng hp khng cn s
dng cc MBA o lng) ho c nh hnh 5.2 (trong trng hp phi s dng cc
MBA o lng).
Bc 2: t i n p xoay chiu m t pha vo pha h p ca my bin p c
th nghi m. Tng i n p ln n gi tri i n p danh inh pha h p ca my
bin p c th nghi m.
35
Phn I: My bin p
Bc 3: c ng thi gi tri trn cc ng h Wattmet, Amperemet v Voltmet

khi cc gi tri n inh.
Bc 4: gim i n p v 0 v ct ngun.
Hnh 5.1: u ni cho th nghim tn tht khng ti ca my bin p mt pha

khng s dng cc my bin p o lng
Hnh 5.2: u ni cho th nghim tn tht khng ti ca my bin p mt pha s

dng cc my bin p o lng
Trong :
A: Amperemet
W: Wattmet
V: Voltmet o gi tri hi u dng
AV: Voltmet o gi tri trung bnh
iu 4. Th nghi m khng ti my bin p ba pha

Th nghi m
khng ti my bin p ba pha theo cc bc sau y:
36
Phn I: My bin p
Bc 2: t i n p xoay chiu ba pha vo pha h p ca my bin p c th

nghi m. Tng i n p ln n gi tri i n p danh inh pha h p ca my bin
p c th nghi m.
Bc 3: c ng thi gi tri trn cc ng h Wattmet, Amperemet v Voltmet
khi cc gi tri n inh.
Hnh 5.3: u ni my bin p ba pha cho th nghim tn tht khng ti s

dng phng php ba Wattmet
Trong :
--``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
A : Amperemet
W : Wattmet
Vr : Voltmet o gi tri hi u dng
Va : Voltmet o gi tri trung bnh
VT: Bin in p
CT: Bin dng in
Ch :
Ngun cung cp phi c trung tnh vi cc MBA u Y/Y nu khng c cun dy
u tam gic cung cp ng v trung tnh MBA.
Voltmet c ni pha-trung tnh vi cun dy u hnh Y, ni pha-pha vi cun
dy u tam gic.
37
Phn I: My bin p
Tc tng i n p v gim i n p tun theo cc quy nh v tc tng i n

p th nghi m trong quy trnh ny.
Phng php Voltmet o in p trung bnh l phng php chnh xc nht
hiu chun tn hao khng ti o c v gc sng hnh sin v l phng php
c khuyn ngh. Phng php ny s dng hai Voltmet u song song: mt
c gi tr trung bnh [nhng c kim chun theo gi tr hiu dng (rms)]
(Va), v chic kia c gi tr hiu dng thc (V r). in p th nghim c
hiu chnh v gi tr qui nh theo s c ca Voltmet c gi tr trung bnh. S
c ca c hai Voltmet u c s dng hiu chun tn hao khng ti v
dng sng hnh sin.
Nu cn hiu chun phn tn hao trong dng c o lng th ghi li s c ca
Wattmet in p mch th nghim trc khi u ni vo my bin p cn th.
Tn hao ca dng c o lng s c tr i trong kt qu gi tr tn hao
khng ti ca my bin p cn th nghim.
iu 5. Hiu chnh tn tht khng ti theo dng sng
Tn hao khng ti ca my bin p c hiu chun v dng hnh sin phi c
xc inh t gi tri o c bng cch s dng cng thc (5.4).
Pm
PC (Tm )=
(5.4)
P1 +kP2
Trong :
Tm
: nhit trung bnh ca du ti thi im th nghim (oC)
PC(Tm) : tn hao khng ti (W) hiu chun v dng sng, ti nhit Tm

Pm
: tn tht khng ti (W) ti nhit Tm
P1
: phn tn tht do t tr (n vi tng i)
P2
: phn tn tht do dng in xoy (n vi tng i)
U r
:
U a
Ur
: in p th nghim o c bng Voltmet hiu dng (V)
Ua
: in p o c bng Voltmet trung bnh (V)
Cn s dng cc gi tri thc theo n vi tng i ca tn hao t tr v dng

in Fuc nu c. Nu khng c cc gi tri thc, nn coi cc thnh phn ny l
bng nhau, ly P1 = P2 = 0,5 (n vi tng i). Cng thc (5.4) ch ng i vi
38
Phn I: My bin p
cc in p th nghim c mo sng di 5%. Nu mo dng sng in p

th nghim ln hn 5% th phi ci thin dng sng mi c th xc inh ng
tn tht v dng in khng ti.
iu 6. Hiu chnh tn tht khng ti theo nhit
Nhit tham chiu Tr i vi tn hao khng ti ca my bin p phn phi v
my bin p lc l 20oC hoc theo nhit tham chiu ca nh ch to.
Khng cn phi hiu chnh theo nhit trong trng hp sau:
a) Nhit trung bnh ca du nm trong phm vi 10 o C ca nhit
tham chiu T r .
b) Sai khc gia nhit du lp trn v di y khng vt qu 5oC.
Nu cn thit phi tin hnh th nghim nhit bn ngoi di qui inh, c th
s dng cng thc (5.5) hiu chnh tn hao khng ti o c v nhit
tham chiu:
Pc(Tr) = Pc (Tm){1 + (Tm Tr)KT}
(5.5)
Trong :
Pc(Tr) : tn hao khng ti hiu chun v nhit tham chiu tiu chun T r
(W)
Pc (Tm): tn hao khng ti hiu chun theo dng sng, ti nhit Tm (W)
Tr
: nhit tham chiu tiu chun (oC)
KT
: mc thay i tn hao khng ti theo Celcius, tnh bng n vi

tng i, da theo kinh nghim
Nu nh khng c sn gi tri thc ca K T th nn s dng gi tri thay i theo

Celcius tnh bng n vi tng i l 0,00065. y l gi tri in hnh i vi
cc li t lm bng thp silic c cu trc inh hng v thch hp cho vic hiu
chun tn hao khng ti khi phi th nghim my bin p phi bn ngoi di
nhit qui inh.
iu 7. Th nghim khng ti i n p thp
7.1. Mc ch
Th nghim khng ti in p thp i vi my bin p vi mc ch kim tra
pht hin ngn mch gia cc vng dy, li thp, s bt thng trong u ni
cc cun dy, thit bi chuyn mch hoc khuyt tt khc.
39
Phn I: My bin p
7.2. Th nghim khng ti in p thp i vi my bin p mt pha v ba

pha
Th nghi m
khng ti my bin p i n p thp thc hi n theo cc bc sau y:
Bc 1: u ni cc thit bi th nghi m theo s hnh 5.4 (i vi MBA m t
pha) v nh hnh 5.5 (i vi MBA ba pha).
Ch : ngun c a v hai pha, pha khng o phi c ni tt.
Bc 2: ngn mch cun dy pha c, a ngun vo cun dy ab ca my bin p
v o c tn hao P'Oab v dng in IOab.
Bc 3: ngn mch cun dy pha a, ngun c a vo cun dy bc my bin
p v o c tn hao P'Obc v dng in IObc.
Bc 4: ngn mch cun dy pha b a ngun vo cun dy ac ca my bin p
v o c P'Oac v dng in IOac.
Tn tht khng ti trong trng hp ny c tnh nh sau:
'
'
'
(POab
+PObc
+POac
)
P =
2
'
O
x
V
(5.6)
X
A
Hnh 5.4: o tn hao v dng khng ti my bin p mt pha
A
U (AC)
W
V
Hnh 5.5: S th nghim khng ti my bin p ba pha bng ngun mt pha

in p thp
40
Phn I: My bin p
iu 8. nh gi kt qu
Kt qu th nghim c so snh vi s liu ca cc th nghim trc hoc
th nghim ca nh sn xut, tn tht khng ti ( iu kin danh inh) khng
c ln hn 15% so vi s liu nh sn xut cung cp. Nhng tng tn tht ca
MBA khng c ln hn 10% so vi s liu ca nh ch to.
Ngoi ra, kt qu o dng in khng ti v tn tht khng ti gia cc pha c
so snh vi nhau. Thng thng, do cu trc ca li thp, dng in khng ti
v tn tht khng ti ca cc pha c quan h nh sau:
Kt qu o c xem l tt nu P' Obc v P'Oab khng lch qu 5% cn tn hao
P'Oac do kt cu li thp nn thng ln hn (2550)% tn hao hai pha kia. ng
thi IObc v IOab khng lch qu 5% cn dng in khng ti IOac do kt cu li
thp nn thng ln hn (25 50)% dng in t ha ca hai pha kia. i vi
cc MBA c cu trc mch t c bit, khng p dng nh gi ny.
iu 9. Xc nh dng in khng ti
i vi my bin p ba pha, dng khng ti c tnh ton bng cch ly gi tri
trung bnh cng ca cc dng in khng ti ca 3 pha.
Dng khng ti o c khng c vt qu 30% so vi s liu nh sn xut
cung cp.
41
Phn I: My bin p
CHNG VI. O TN THT NGN MCH V IN P NGN MCH(*)

iu 1. Mc ch
Php o c thc hin xc inh tn tht ngn mch v in p ngn mch
ca my bin p tn s danh inh v dng in danh inh. Kt qu th nghim
ny c th pht hin cc h hng trong cun dy.
iu 2. Cc yu cu
1) in p ngn mch v tn tht ngn mch c hiu chnh v nhit tham
chiu bng cch s dng cc cng thc trong quy trnh ny.
2) Sai s trong my bin p o lng, dng c o, mch o, v cc ph kin nh
hng n kt qu th nghim phi c loi tr.
3) Cc iu kin t c kt qu th nghim chnh xc:
a) Nhit cc cun dy, phi p ng cc iu kin di y:
Nhit du cch in n inh v chnh lch nhit gia du
lp trn cng v di y khng qu 5oC.
Nhit cc cun dy phi ly ngay trc v sau th nghim tn tht
ngn mch v in p ngn mch.
Chnh lch nhit cun dy trc v sau th nghim khng c
vt qu 5oC.
b) Cc dy dn s dng ngn mch phi c tit din ln hn hoc bng
tit din cun dy tng ng ca my bin p.
c) Tn s ca ngun th nghim s dng o tn tht ngn mch v in p
ngn mch phi trong phm vi 0,5% gi tri tn s danh inh.
d) Gi tri hiu chnh ln nht ca tn tht ngn mch o c do sai s gc
pha ca h thng th nghim gii hn 5% tn tht o c. Nu yu
cu hiu chnh trn 5% th cn phi ci tin phng php th nghim hoc
thit bi th nghim xc inh c chnh xc tn tht ngn mch.
42
Phn I: My bin p
e) Dng in ngn mch phi c ln bng (0,5 1,0)I m ca cun dy

c ngn mch.
f) V my bin p phi c ni t. Nu c cun tam gic h phi c
khp kn. Cc my bin dng chn s nu khng s dng phi c
ni tt v ni t.
g) Ch cc my bin p o lng p ng cp chnh xc o 0,3 hoc tt hn
mi c php s dng o.
iu 3. Xc nh tn tht ngn mch v i n p ngn mch ca my bin
p hai cu n dy
Bc 1: u ni cc thit bi nh trong hnh 6.1 (trng hp khng cn s dng
cc my bin p o lng) ho c nh trong hnh 6.2 (trng hp cn s dng cc
my bin p o lng). i vi my bin p ba pha, hnh 6.3 nu cc kh c v
mi ni theo phng php ba Wattmet.
.
Hnh 6.1: u ni o tn tht ngn mch v in p ngn mch
ca my bin p mt pha khng s dng my bin p o lng
43
Phn I: My bin p

ca my bin p mt pha c s dng my bin p o lng
A
CT
W1
VT
N
B
B
CT
W2
VT
A
N
C
C
CT
W3
VT
A
N
A

ca my bin p ba pha s dng phng php ba Wattmet
Bc 2: ngn mch mt pha ca my bin p (thng ni ngn mch cu n dy
i n p thp).
Bc 3: t i n p xoay chiu tn s danh inh m t pha (trng hp MBA
m t pha) ho c ba pha i xng (trng hp MBA ba pha) vo cu n dy cn
44
Phn I: My bin p
li. iu chnh i n p to ra dng i n yu cu ca cu n dy c kch

thch.
Ch : i vi my bin p ba pha quy nh s dng ngun in ba pha i
xng th nghim. Nu dng in ba pha khng bng nhau th ly gi tr trung
bnh ca chng.
Bc 4: ly ng thi cc gi tri trn cc ng h Wattmet, Voltmet,
Amperemet. Nu cn thit th thc hi n cc php o xc inh tn hao do cc
u ni bn ngoi v ca cc dng c o.
Bc 5: gim i n p v 0, ct ngun.
Ch : vi c hi u chnh tn tht ngn mch v i n p ngn mch theo nhi t
v sai s gc pha ca cc dng c th nghi m c thc hi n nh trong
iu 39.
iu 4. o tn tht ngn mch v i n p ngn mch ca my bin p ba
cu n dy
i vi my bin p ba cun dy, tn tht ngn mch v in p ngn mch phi
c xc inh cho tng cp cun dy theo iu 35 ca Quy trnh ny vi cun
dy cn li c h mch.
Ch : vi c hi u chnh tn tht ngn mch v i n p ngn mch theo nhi t
v dng sng i n p th nghi m c thc hi n nh trong iu 39.
Trong trng hp gi tr dng i n th nghi m khng phi l gi tr dng i n
danh nh, tn tht ngn mch v i n p ngn mch s c quy i v iu
kin danh nh theo cng thc sau:
2
I
Pm N P 'm
I 'm
Um
IN
U 'm
I 'm
(6.1)
(6.2)
Trong :
Pm : tn tht ngn mch (W) c quy i v iu kin dng inh mc IN
Pm : tn tht ngn mch (W) o c dng i n Im
Um : i n p ngn mch (V) c quy i v iu kin dng inh mc IN
Um: i n p ngn mch (V) o c dng i n Im
45
Phn I: My bin p
iu 5. Xc nh tn tht ngn mch v i n p ngn mch ca my bin

p t ngu
Hnh 6.5: u ni cho th nghim tn tht ngn mch

v in p ngn mch ca my bin p t ngu
o tn tht ngn mch v in p ngn mch, cc cun dy ni tip v cun
chung ca my bin p t ngu c th c coi nh nhng cun dy ring r,
mt cun c ni ngn mch, cun kia c kch thch. Khi my bin p c
u ni theo cch u ni ca my bin p hai cun dy th nghim (hnh
6.5), dng in c duy tr nn l dng in danh inh ca cun dy c kch
thch (dng in ny c th nh hn dng in danh inh).
iu 6. Th nghim my bin p ba pha bng ngun mt pha
o tn tht ngn mch v in p ngn mch ca my bin p ba pha bng
ngun mt pha, s dng s nu ti hnh 6.6.
Hnh 6.6: Th nghim my bin p ba pha s dng in p mt pha

Ba pha ca mt cun dy c ni ngn mch, in p mt pha tn s danh inh
c t vo hai u ca cun dy kia. iu chnh in p t vo a dng
in chy qua.
46
Phn I: My bin p
Ly ln lt ba s c trn ba cp dy ni, v d, A v B, B v C, C v A.
Khi :
P12 +P23 +P31
U12 +U 23 +U31
Tn tht ngn mch o c (W): 1, 5

in p ngn mch o c (V):
(6.3)
(6.4)
Trong :
Pij : s c ring l ca tn tht ngn mch o c ng vi cc ch s
Uij : s c ring l ca in p ngn mch o c ng vi cc ch s
Thnh phn tn tht tn nhn c bng cch ly tn tht ngn mch o c
ca my bin p tr i tn tht I 2R. Gi R1 l in tr o c gia hai u ni
cao p v R2 l in tr gia hai u ni h p; Gi I 1 v I2 l cc dng in dy
danh inh tng ng. Khi tn tht tng I2R ca c ba pha s nh trong cng
thc (6.5):
2
2
Tng tn tht I2R (W) = 1,5 I1 R 1 +I 2 R 2
(6.5)
Cng thc ny p dng cho cc cun dy u sao cng nh u tam gic.

Vic hiu chnh theo nhit thc hin nh ti iu 39.
iu 7. Hiu chnh nhit ca tn tht ngn mch
Tn tht I2R v tn tht tn ca my bin p u thay i theo nhit . Tn tht
I2R l Pr(Tm) ca my bin p c tnh ton t cc php o in tr (c quy
i v nhit Tm, ti thc hin php o tn tht ngn mch v in p
ngn mch) v dng in c s dng trong php o tn tht ngn mch.
Ly tn tht ngn mch P(Tm) o c tr i tn tht I 2R, c tn tht tn
Ps(Tm) ca my bin p ti nhit tin hnh th nghim tn tht ngn mch,
nh nu ti cng thc (6.6):
Ps(Tm) = P(Tm) - Pr(Tm)
(6.6)
Trong :
Ps(Tm): tn tht tn tnh ton ti nhit Tm (W)
P(Tm) : tn tht ngn mch ca my bin p o c nhit Tm (W)
Pr(Tm): tn tht I2R tnh ton ti nhit Tm (W)
Thnh phn I2R ca tn tht ngn mch tng ln theo nhit . Thnh phn tn
tht tn gim theo nhit . Do vy, khi mun chuyn i tn tht ngn mch t
47
Phn I: My bin p
nhit thc hin php o Tm v nhit khc T, cn hiu chun ring r hai
thnh phn ny ca tn tht ngn mch.
Do , nh nu ti cng thc (6.7) v cng thc (6.8):
Tk +T
Tk +Tm
(6.7)
Tk +Tm
Tk +T
(6.8)
Pr (T)=Pr (Tm )
PS (T)=PS (Tm )
Nn:
P(T) = Pr(T) + Ps(T)
(6.9)
Trong :
Pr(T): tn tht I2R (W) nhit T (oC)
Ps(T): tn tht tn (W) nhit T (oC)
P(T) : tn tht ngn mch ca my bin p (W) c hiu chun v nhit T
(oC)
Tk : 235oC (vi ng) hoc 225oC (vi nhm)
Ch : nhit 225oC p dng cho nhm EC nguyn cht. T k c th cao ti
230oC i vi nhm hp kim. Trng hp cc cun dy ng v nhm c s
dng trong cng my bin p, nn s dng gi tr Tk l 229oC hiu chun tn tht tn.
iu 8. in p ngn mch
in p ngn mch v cc thnh phn in tr, in khng c xc inh theo
cng thc (6.10), (6.11), (6.12), (6.13).
U r (Tm )=
P(Tm )
I
U X = U z (Tm ) 2 -U r (Tm ) 2
U r (T)=
P(T)
I
U Z (T)= U r (T) 2 + U X 2
(6.10)
(6.11)
(6.12)
(6.13)
48
Phn I: My bin p
Trong :
Ur(Tm) : thnh phn in p ri trn in tr ca thnh phn cng pha ti
nhit Tm (V)
Ur(T) : thnh phn in p ri trn in tr ca thnh phn cng pha c
hiu chnh v nhit T (V)
Ux
: thnh phn in p ri trn in khng ca thnh phn vung gc pha (V)
Uz(Tm) : in p ngn mch ti nhit Tm (V)

Uz(T) : in p ngn mch ti nhit T (V)
P(T)
: tn tht ngn mch ca my bin p c hiu chnh theo nhit T (W)
P(Tm) : tn tht ngn mch ca my bin p o c nhit Tm (W)

I
: dng in trong cun dy bi kch thch (A)
Cc gi tri theo n vi tng i ca in tr, in khng, v in p ngn mch

nhn c bng cch chia Ur(T), Ux, v Uz(T) cho in p danh inh. Cc gi tri
phn trm nhn c bng cch nhn gi tri theo n vi tng i vi 100.
iu 9. nh gi kt qu
1) Tng tr ngn mch ca my bin p hai cun dy c in p ngn mch ln
hn hoc bng 10% c sai s cho php l 7,5% vi gi tri xut xng, vi
MBA c in p ngn mch nh hn 10% s c sai s cho php l 10% ca gi
tri xut xng. S khc nhau ca tng tr ngn mch ca hai MBA hai cun dy
ging nhau, khi hai hay nhiu my c sn xut ti cng mt thi im bi
cng mt nh sn xut s khng c vt qu 7,5%.
2) Tng tr ngn mch ca MBA c ba cun dy hay nhiu hn c sai s cho
php trong khong 10% ca gi tri xut xng. S khc nhau ca tng tr ngn
mch ca hai MBA ba cun dy ging nhau, khi hai hay nhiu my c sn
xut ti cng mt thi im bi cng mt nh sn xut s khng c vt qu 10%.
3) Tng tr ngn mch ca mt MBA t ngu s c sai s l 10% ca gi tri
xut xng. S khc nhau ca tng tr ca hai MBA t ngu ging ht nhau, khi
hai hay nhiu my c sn xut ti cng mt thi im bi cng mt nh sn
xut s khng c vt qu 10%.
4) Kt qu th nghim c so snh vi s liu ca cc th nghim trc
hoc th nghim ca nh sn xut, tn tht ngn mch (quy v iu kin danh
49
Phn I: My bin p
inh) khng c ln hn 15% so vi s liu nh sn xut cung cp. Nhng

tng tn tht ca MBA khng c ln hn 10% so vi s liu ca nh ch to.
CHNG VII. TH NGHIM IN MI BNG IN P TNG CAO

TN S CNG NGHIP(*)
iu 1. Mc ch
Th nghim in mi bng in p xoay chiu tng cao tn s cng nghip trong
thi gian mt pht kim tra mc chiu ng qu in p tm thi tn s cng
nghip ca cch in gia cc cun dy vi nhau, cc b phn cch in ca
cun dy vi li thp v v ni t.
Ch :
- Trong cc trng hp MBA b s c trong vn hnh m cc th nghim thng
thng in p thp khc khng pht hin c nguyn nhn s c (phng
in khong cch, phng in qua lp cch in v.v.) cn p dng th nghim
ny xc nh tnh trng ca MBA sau s c gip cho vic quyt nh phi
a MBA ra sa cha hay ng my tr li lm vic bnh thng m khng b
st s c dn n vic phi ct my v nhng li cha c pht hin.
- Th nghim ny cng c p dng cho cc MBA sau sa cha c thay th
cun dy hoc mt phn cun dy, ho c c thay i cc kt cu cch in c
nguy c lm gim thp mc cch in trong my lm nh hng n mc chu
ng in p ca my.
50
Phn I: My bin p
- Khng bt buc phi th cch in cun dy my bin p du bng in p tng

cao tn s cng nghip khi a my vo vn hnh ln u (QCVN-QT5:2009/BCT).
iu 2. Cc yu cu
1) Trong qu trnh th nghim nu c s c s xuyn, c th cho php thay
th tm thi bng s xuyn khc v tip tc th nghim my bin p hon
thnh ngay cng vic th nghim (IEC 60076-3).
2) Cc my bin p u ni vi hp cp hay u ni trc tip n cc thit bi c
v bc bng kim loi c cch in bng kh SF 6 phi c thit k cc u
ni tm thi c th thc hin cc th nghim cch in.
3) my bin p c cc dy qun cch in ng nht c gi tri in p khc
nhau c ni vi nhau bn trong (my bin p t ngu), in p th nghim
tng cao tn s cng nghip c xc inh theo dy qun c gi tri Um cao nht
(IEC 60076-3 mc 4).
4) Nhng my bin p c mt hoc nhiu dy qun cch in khng ng nht, th
nghim ch c tin hnh vi in p th c quy inh cho u cui trung tnh.
5) iu kin mi trng th nghim phi kh ro, nhit thch hp trong khong
30 40oC, m di 80%, khng th nghim my nhit di 10oC.
6) in p th nghim l in p xoay chiu hnh sin, tn s 45Hz 65Hz v
cc iu sau c chp nhn:
a) Khi cn thit, mt in tr bo v c th c mc ni tip vi khe
h phng in.
b) S dng b phn p kiu t o in p th nghim MBA (phng
php o gi tri hiu dng v phng php o gi tri nh chia cho 2 ).

c) Nu my bin p cn phi th nghim in p xung st, xung ng ct
th phi tin hnh trc khi th nghim cch in cun dy bng in p
tng cao tn s cng nghip.
iu 3. Trnh t th nghim
Bc 1: o i n tr cch i n ca cc cu n dy ca my bin p.
Bc 2: u ni s th nghim c thc hin nh trong hnh v 7.1.
51
Phn I: My bin p
T2
1N
T1
G1
GS
T3
P2
A
P3
1A
2A
1B
2B
1C
SG
2C
Hnh 7.1: S th nghim chu ng in p cao tn s cng nghip

cc cun dy MBA lc ba pha
Trong :
G1: MF cp ngun th nghim
T3
: My bin dng
T1 : MBA th nghim
A v A1 : Amperemet
SG : Qu cu phng in
: Khng in b
R : in tr
: Voltmet o gi tr hiu dng
V^ : Voltmet o gi tr trung bnh
: KiloVoltmet
T2 : My bin c th nghim
Ch : m bo s u ng, cc phn t trong s sn sng hot
ng, phi tin hnh th s trc khi th nghim, th cc thit b bo v lm
vic tin cy, khe phng in phi c th phng ba ln gi tr 1,1U tn (Utn:
in p th nghim). Tt c cc phn ca cun dy cn th nghim phi c
ni tt vi nhau v ni vo u ni cao p ca my bin p th nghim, cc u
ni cc cun dy khng th nghim phi c ni tt v ni t, cc b phn
khc (bao gm li t, thng du) phi c ni t.
Bc 3: ng ngun th nghim, in p t vo i tng th nghim cn bt
u t mt phn t gi tri in p th nghim (U tn) hoc thp hn v nng dn
ln ti bng gi tri ton phn (U tn) trong thi gian khng qu 15 giy. Gi tri
in p th nghim l gi tri hiu dng, c cn c vo in p danh inh ca
cun dy ghi trn mc my v tra theo bng 7.1 (IEC 60076-3).
Ch : nu my bin p c th nghim nghim thu hon chnh v in mi
khi xut xng, sau phi th nghim lp li cc th nghim nghim thu th
52
Phn I: My bin p
cp in p th nghim s gim xung cn 75% cc gi tr th nghim xut xng

(IEC 60076 - 3 mc 8).
Vi Um=115; 145; 230; 245; 500kV c cc mc th chu ng khc nhau ( bng
7.1) vic la chn gi tr th no tu thuc mc nghim trng ca qu in
p h thng c d on trc v tm quan trng ca thit b trong vn hnh
(IEC 60076 - 3 mc 5.2).
Bc 4: gi i n p ti Utn trong khong thi gian quy inh 60 giy, sau
nhanh chng gim in p ny (trong khng qu 5 giy) xung cn bng mt
phn t ca gi tri in p th nghim ln nht hoc nh hn v ngt mch.
Bc 5: o i n tr cch i n ca cc cu n dy ca my bin p sau khi th nghim.
iu 4. nh gi kt qu
Kt qu th nghim c coi l t yu cu nu khng xy ra cc hin tng bt
thng trong qu trnh th nghim.
Nu pht hin cc du hiu bt thng xy ra trong qu trnh th nghim, v d
nh biu hin c khi hoc bt ni ln trong du, m thanh khc thng hoc
dng in trong mch th nghim tng t ngt, in p th nghim st gim,
phi nhanh chng gim in p v di in p th nghim v ngt mch. Cc
du hiu ny phi c kim tra xem xt k lng bng cch quan st, cn thit
lp li th nghim hoc bng cc th nghim khc xc inh h hng xy ra.
Bng 7.1: Cc gi tr in p cao nht v in p th nghim tng cao
tn s cng nghip i vi cun dy MBA
in p cao nht trn
thit b
Mc chu ng xung
st c bn (BIL)
in p chu ng qu in p tn s
cng nghip
(kV hiu dng)
(kV nh)
(kV hiu dng)
40
7,2
20
60
12
28
75
53
Phn I: My bin p
17,5
38
95
24
125
145
36
170
50
70
52
250
95
62
280
115
72,5
325
140
100
380
150
123
450
185
550
230
650
275
750
325
145
170
Bng 7.1: Cc gi tr in p cao nht v in p th nghim tng cao

tn s cng nghip i vi cun dy MBA (tip theo)
in p cao nht trn
thit b
Mc chu ng xung
st c bn
in p chu ng qu in p tn
s cng nghip
(kV hiu dng)
(kV nh)
(kV hiu dng)
650
245
325
750
360
245
850
54
Phn I: My bin p
245
245
550
950
1050
1175
395
460
510
1300
550
570
1425
550
630
1550
550
1675
550
680
710
1800
CHNG VIII. TH NGHIM CHU NG QU IN P CM NG(*)

iu 1. Mc ch
Kim tra mc chiu ng qu in p cm ng ca cch in vng dy dc theo
dy qun ang th nghim, ng thi cng kim tra cch in gia cc cun dy
ca cc pha vi nhau, vi li thp v cc nc phn p.
iu 2. Cc yu cu
Cc yu cu i vi th nghi m chiu ng qu i n p cm ng tun theo cc
yu cu ca iu 43.
55
Phn I: My bin p
iu 3. Trnh t th nghim
3.1. Cc cun dy cch in ng nht
S u ni phi to c in p th nghim bng hai ln in p danh inh,
nhng in p cm ng trn u cc ca bt k cun dy no cng khng c
vt qu in p chiu ng th nghim in p tng cao tn s cng nghip ngn hn.
in p c o gia cc u cc vi t hoc gia cc u cc ca cun dy
h p bng bin in p; hoc c th s dng u phn chia in dung ca s
xuyn (ti s) pha cao p o in p. in p c iu chnh sao cho gi
tri trung bnh ca in p o c t cc u cc vi t hoc gia cc u cc
bng gi tri in p th nghim c yu cu.
Tin hnh th nghim
Bc 1: u ni s th nghim nh hnh 8.1.
Bc 2: in p xoay chiu c a vo cc u dy ca cun dy h p, cc
cun dy khc h mch.
Ch : cc u phn p ca b iu p di ti hoc b iu p khng in
c la chn sao cho in p trn tt c cc cun dy trong qu trnh th
nghim gn vi in p th nghim danh nh nht. Dng in p cng gn sng
hnh sin cng tt, in p o c l gi tr nh ca in p th nghim chia
cho 2 . Tn s ca in p cung cp cn phi ln mt t thng khng
vt qu gii hn cho php, trnh tng dng in t ho qu mc trong khi th nghim.
Bc 3: in p c nng u t U tn (in p th nghim) hoc nh hn n
Utn. Tc tng in p t 75% Utn n Utn khong 2% Utn trong 1 giy.
Thi gian th nghim ti in p th cao nht l 60 giy k c tng gp i tn s
quy inh. Khi tn s vt qu hai ln tn s quy inh, thi gian th nghim c
tnh bng:
f
50
ttn dm 120( s)
120( s ) (nhng khng nh hn 15 giy)
(8.1)
ftn
f tn
Trong
fm: tn s danh inh (50Hz)
ftn : tn s th nghim
Ch : thi gian bao gm c thi gian a in p ln n in p th nghim
v thi gian gim in p c th s ln hn khi kt hp cc php o (hoc th
nghim) phng in cc b (PD) c tin hnh ng thi vi th nghim in
p cm ng.
56
Phn I: My bin p
Bc 4: kt thc th nghim cn gim in p v gi tri nh hn U tn hoc thp

hn trc khi ngt mch.
G1
T1
T3
GS
P1
1B
3A
1C
3B
L
A
1N
1A
T2
P2
2A
3C
2B
T4
2C
2N
P3
V V
P4
Hnh 8.1: S th nghim chu ng qu in p cm ng (tham kho)

G1: ngun iu chnh; T1: my bin p tng p;
T2: my bin p c th nghim; T3: my bin dng;
T4: my bin p o lng; L: in khng b; E: b phn p;
P 1 : Amperre met; P 2 : Voltmet; P 3 : Voltmet (o gi tr hiu dng);
P 4 : Voltmet (o gi tr nh).
3.2. Cc cun dy cch in khng ng nht
Hinh 8.1 biu din s th nghim chiu ng qu in p cm ng trn cun
dy cch in khng ng nht ca my bin p ba pha, cp cch in ca u
1
cc trung tnh t nht l bng cp cch in ca cc u cc pha khc. in p
3
th nghim c t vo theo th t tng pha ring l. Gi tri in p t th
nghim ca tng pha vi t bng gi tri in p chiu ng danh inh.
iu 4. nh gi kt qu
Trong thi gian th nghim cn ch theo di cc du hiu bt thng xut hin.
Tt c cc du hiu cn c kim tra k, khi cn thit c th lp li th nghim
hoc bng cch thc hin cc th nghim khc xc inh nguyn nhn.
My bin p t yu cu nu chiu c th nghim ny v trong sut qu trnh
th khng c phng in hoc cc du hiu bt thng.
57
Phn I: My bin p
iu 5. Th nghim in p cm ng kt hp o phng in cc b
5.1. Cc bc thc hin
1
U 2 , tng n 1,1Um/ 3 v
3
gi gi tri ny trong 5 pht kim tra khng c vn phng in cc b
no tn ti.
Bc 1: in p c tng t cp khng qu
Bc 2: in p c tng ti cp nng cao hn U 2 v gi nguyn trong thi

gian 5 pht .
Bc 3: in p c tng tip n U1 v gi gi tri ny trong thi gian th
nghim c tnh ton theo cng thc (8.1).
Bc 4: gim ngay xung U2, gi nguyn trong 30 pht vi Um < 300kV
hoc 60 pht vi Um 300kV.
Bc 5: gim ngay xung 1,1Um/
3 , gi nguyn trong 5 pht.

1
Bc 6: in p phi c gim n gi tri nh hn U 2 trc khi ct in
3
ngun th nghim.
C
D
B
U1
A
U2
1,1Um 3
U2
1,1Um 3
U start
<Ustart
A = 5 pht
B = 5 pht
C = thi gian th nghim (ttn)
D = 60 pht vi Um 300kV hoc 30 pht vi Um < 300kV
E = 5 pht
58
Phn I: My bin p
Hnh 8.2: Gin thi gian th nghim qu in p cm ng kt hp o PD

Trong khong thi gian D , php o phng in cc b (PD) s c thc
hin trong khong thi gian 5 pht mt ln trn u cc 115kV tr ln.
5.2. nh gi kt qu
Xem iu 54, Phn I ca Quy trnh ny.
1,7U m
=U m
3
1,5 U m
U2 =
3
1,3 U m
hoc U 2 =
3
U1 =
(8.2)
(8.3)
(8.4)
CHNG IX. TH NGHIM PHNG IN CC B (*)

iu 1. Mc ch
Th nghim ny nhm pht hin nhng im phng in cc b bn trong cch
in do c khuyt tt, nhng ch cch in suy gim m cc th nghim khc
khng pht hin c.
iu 2. Cc yu cu
Tun theo cc yu cu ca iu 43 v cc yu cu sau y:
2.1. S th nghim
Hnh 9.1 biu din s in thng dng o phng in cc b trong MBA
m t pha. MBA c kch thch thng qua cun dy h p. B lc Z gim s
giao thoa n t cc ngun. Thit bi tng tr o Z m c kt ni ti ti s bng
59
Phn I: My bin p
dy dn ngn nht c th. loi tr phng in vng quang trong khng kh

gy kh khn cho vic o cc phng in bn trong, cn lp mt mn chn c
kch c thch hp trn cc u ca s. Tng tr o Z m c ni ti mt b pht
hin phng in cc b di tn rng v ti mt Voltmet xoay chiu ph hp.
o phng in cc b cn c thc hin vi cun dy in p cao ca cp
115kV tr ln. Cun dy di 115kV v cc u cc ni t khng cn o.
60
Phn I: My bin p
Hnh 9.1: S th nghim phng in cc b trong MBA lc mt pha
Hnh 9.2: S th nghim phng in cc b trong MBA lc ba pha

Trc khi bt u th nghim, tt c cc thit bi c lp t nh trong th
nghim in p cm ng, bao gm b ch thi phng in cc b v khi tng tr
Z3
N
G1
2N
Z1
2A
2B
2C
2A
T5
GS
2B
2C
T4
T3
V
T1
W1
P4
Z2
W1
Tp Tp Tp Tp
T2
Osc P3
P1
V
P2
o. Nu thit bi c th nghim l MBA ba pha (hnh 9.2) vic o phng in

cc b cn c thc hin vi tng pha mt. Trong khi thc hin, phi m bo
chc chn rng b ch thi phng in cc b lun c ni vi tng tr o tng ng.
iu 3. Trnh t th nghim o phng in cc b
Thc hin nh khon 50.1, iu 50 ca phn I Quy trnh ny.
61
Phn I: My bin p
iu 4. nh gi kt qu
S tng phng in cc b trong khong thi gian 30 pht khng vt qu 39%
ca cp phng in cc b c tha thun.
Mc phng in cc b trong khong thi gian 30 pht khng th hin s gia
tng v khng tng t ngt trong khong thi gian 20 pht cui ca th nghim.
My bin p t yu cu nu chiu c th nghim ny v trong sut qu trnh
th khng c phng in hoc cc du hiu bt thng k trn.
CHNG X. O IN TR CCH IN V GC
TN HAO IN MI
iu 1. o in tr cch in
1.1. Mc ch
o in tr cch in cun dy nhm nh gi tnh trng cch in ca cun
dy thng qua dng in r qua cch in.
1.2. Cc yu cu
1) Khi cn thit phi o in tr cch in trong iu kin m cao, vng bi
nhim (nh vng ven bin, khu cng nghip, ha cht v.v.), cn s dng cc
vng mn chn mt ngoi cc s khi o loi tr nh hng ca dng r b mt.
2) in tr cch in ca cc cun dy MBA phi c o bng Mgmmet
1000V cho cc cun dy c in p u cc nh hn hoc bng 1kV v 2500V
cho cc u cun dy c in p u ra ln hn 1kV. Ch o khi nhit ca
i tng o trn 10oC i vi cc my bin p n 150kV v trn 30 oC i vi
cc my bin p t 220kV tr ln. i vi my 220kV tr ln, tt nht o
nhit sai khc vi nhit o ca nh ch to 5 oC. i vi my bin p
110kV sai khc khng qu 10oC (QCVN QT-5:2009/BCT).
1.3. Trnh t th nghi m
Bc 1: cc cun dy trc khi o cn phi c ni tt cc u cc vi nhau v
ni t t 3 n 5 pht phng ht cc in tch d trn cun dy, cc cun
dy khc khng o phi c ni vi v v ni t.
Bc 2: ni u dy cao p ca mgmmet ti u cc cn o, cc ni t ca
m gm ni vi v my v ni t.
Bc 3: tho b dy ni t ca cc cn o, n nt o v c kt qu o c
60 giy. Khi c yu cu xc inh h s hp th, cn c kt qu o 15 giy v
62
Phn I: My bin p
R 60
l h s hp th (Kht). H s hp th c tham kho nh
R 15
gi y hn v tnh trng cch in, nhng cun dy c cch in tt Kht i chiu
vi s liu o ca nh ch to. in tr cch in v h s hp th khng c
tiu chun ho nhng c gi tri phn tch v tnh trng cch in ca cun
dy kh hay m.
o h s phn cc (PI): c gi tri o in tr cch in 1 pht (R1) v 10 pht
R10
(R10), t s
l h s phn cc, nu cch in tt h s phn cc thng t 1,1
R1
1,3 (i chiu vi s liu o ca nh ch to).
60 giy. T s
Bc 4: ni t cun dy va o, chuyn sang o cc cun dy cn li. Cc

cun dy ln lt c o theo bng 10.1.
Bng 10.1. Trnh t o in tr cch in cun dy my bin p
Phng php 1
Phng php 2
Th nghim khng s dng mch

Guard
Th nghim s dng mch Guard
MBA 2 cun dy
MBA 2 cun dy
Cao - (h + t)
H - (cao + t)
(Cao+H) - t
MBA 3 cun dy
MBA 3 cun dy
Cao-(h+cun th 3+t)
Cao-(h+t), guard ni vo cun th 3
H - (Cao+cun th 3+ t)
Cao-t, guard ni vo (h+cun th 3)
Cun th 3- (cao+h +t)
H-(cun th 3+t); guard ni vo cun

cao
(Cao+h)-(cun th 3 +t)
H-t; guard ni vo (cao+cun th 3)
(Cao+cun th 3)- (h +t)
Cun th 3-(cao+t); guard ni vo h
(H+cun th 3)-(cao+t)
Cun th 3-t; guard ni vo (cao+h)
(Cao+h+cun th 3)-t
63
Phn I: My bin p
1.4. nh gi kt qu
in tr cch in ca cun dy my bin p c xem l tt khi gi tri o c
ti hin trng sau lp t ph hp vi gi tri o c ca nh ch to trc khi
xut xng hoc nh hn khng qu 30% sau khi quy i v cng nhit . H
s quy i cho bng 10.3. Trong trng hp hiu nhit khng c trong
bng trn, th c th tnh bng cch nhn cc h s tng ng.
V d: K9 = K5K4 = 1,221,17 = 1,42.
i vi cc my bin p khng c ti liu tham kho, c th s dng cc gi tri
in tr cch in ti thiu cho php trong bng 10.2 (ph hp vi GB 501502006 TQ; Hop ca..LX c.1978; QCVN QT-5:2009/BCT).
Bng 10.2: Cc gi tr in tr cch in nh nht cho php
ca MBA lc ngm trong du cch in (M)
Nhit cun dy (oC)
Cp in p ca cun dy
in p cao
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Ti 35 kV, cng sut di 10

MVA
450
300
200
130
90
60
40
T 35kVcng sut 10MVA

hoc 110kV tr ln vi mi
cng sut
900
600
400
260
180
120
80
220 330 kV
1200
800
540
360
240
160
100
500 kV
3000
2000
1350
900
600
400
270
Ch :
1. in tr cch in, c xem nh l mt ch tiu quan trng nh gi tnh trng
in mi ca thit b.
2. in tr cch in ph thuc vo nhit . V vy, khi so snh vi cc gi tr
o xut xng hoc cc ln o trc, phi quy i gi tr o c v cng nhit
c tnh theo cng thc sau:
R(tr ) K1 R(t m )
(10.1)
Trong :
R(tr): in tr cch in quy i v nhit tham chiu tr (M)
R(tm): in tr cch in o c nhit tm (M)
64
Phn I: My bin p
K1 : h s quy i in tr cch in theo nhit chnh lch

Bng 10.3 H s quy i in tr cch in K1 theo nhit
Hiu nhit , oC
(t = t2 - t1)
H s K1
1,04 1,08 1,13 1,17 1,22
10
1,5
15
20
25
1,84 2,25 2,75
30
3,4
iu 2. o gc tn hao in mi tg
2.1. Mc ch
o gc tn hao in mi tg l xc inh cht lng cch in ca in mi.
2.2. Cc yu cu
1. Phi tun th cc yu cu trong iu 43.
2. Vic o tg l bt buc i vi my bin p cp 35kV dung lng t 10MVA
tr ln, my bin p 110kV tr ln khng phn bit cng sut.
2.3. Trnh t th nghi m
Bc 1: u ni s th nghim
Tt c cc u cc cun dy phi c ni tt vi nhau, cc cun dy khng o
phi c ni vi v v ni t. Cc cao p ca cun dy cn o c ni vi
u cao p ca cu o, cun dy th hai ca my bin p ni ti dy A hoc B
ca thit bi o (xem hnh 11.2) p dng cho MBA hai cun dy. Nhng my
bin p ba cun dy xem bng 10.4.
Bc 2: in p t vo o gc tn hao in mi tg khng c vt qu 10 kV.
HV
Pha cao p
LV
a
CHT
CHG
CTG
Ti ni t
ngun cao p
65
Phn I: My bin p
Hnh 11.2: S nguyn l o tg cch in cun dy my bin p

Bc 3: i vi cc cu o t ng, sau khi ci t cc ch o thch hp vi
i tng o v kim tra cc iu kin an ton y , tin hnh n nt o cu
s t ng nng in p v o. Khi o xong, in p c gim xung bng 0 v
cho kt qu gc tn hao in mi v in dung ca i tng o trn bng in
t. i vi nhng thit bi o iu chnh bng tay, phi nng in p n gi tri
cn thit sau cn bng cu nhy ln nht th c kt qu ri gim in
p v 0 v ct ngun ti cu o.
Bc 4: thc hin cc bin php an ton ni t cun dy va o, chuyn u ni
cu o sang cun dy khc, trnh t o lp li cho n khi o ht cc cun dy.
Ch : gc tn hao in mi tg ch c o khi nhit ca i tng trn
10oC. i vi cc my bin p 220kV, 500kV tt nht o nhit 30 40oC.
Bng 10.4: Cc php o c thc hin trong th nghim
xc nh gi tr gc tn hao in mi tg
Phng php 1
Th nghim khng s dng mch
Guard
MBA 2 cun dy
Phng php 2
Th nghim s dng mch Guard
MBA 2 cun dy
Cao (h + t)
H - (cao + t)
(Cao+H) t
MBA 3 cun dy
MBA 3 cun dy
Cao-(h+cun th 3+t)
Cao-(h+t), guard ni vo cun th 3
H - (Cao+cun th 3+ t)
Cao-t, guard ni vo (h+cun th 3)
Cun th 3- (cao+h +t)
H-(cun th 3+t); guard ni vo cun

cao
H-t; guard ni vo (cao+cun th 3)
Cun th 3-(cao+t); guard ni vo h
(H+cun th 3)-(cao+t)
Cun th 3-t; guard ni vo (cao+h
(Cao+h+cun th 3)-t
66
Phn I: My bin p
2.4. nh gi kt qu
Kt qu o c cn so snh vi kt qu o ca nh ch to v c quy i v
cng mt nhit . Gi tri tg o c khng c ln hn 30% kt qu o
c khi xut xng hoc s liu ca ln o trc nhng khng c vt qu
gi tri trong bng 10.5.
Bng 10.5: Gi tr ln nht cho php ca tg (%)
cun dy MBA ngm trong du cch in
Cp in p ca cun dy pha
in p cao
T 35 kV tr ln, cng sut
10MVA hoc 110 220kV vi
mi cng sut
Nhi t cu n dy o(C)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0,8
1,3
1,7
2,3
Bng 10.5.1: Gi tr ln nht cho php ca tg (%)

cun dy MBA ngm trong du cch in (tham kho GB 50150)
Cp in p ca cun dy pha
in p cao
Nhi t cu n dy o(C)
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Di 35 kV
1,3
1,5
2,0
2,6
3,5
4,5
6,0
8,0
35kV 220kV
1,0
1,2
1,5
2,0
2,6
3,5
4,5
6,0
300kV 500kV
0,7
0,8
1,0
1,3
1,7
2,2
2,9
3,8
Gi tri ca h s hiu chnh K 2 c cho bi nh ch to, trong trng hp

khng c s liu ca nh ch to c th s dng bng 10.6 v cng thc sau:
tg(t r )=Ktg(t
2
m)
(10.2)
Trong :
tg(tr) : gc tn hao in mi c hiu chnh ti nhit quy i tr (oC)
tg(tm) : gc tn hao o c ti nhit tm (oC)
67
Phn I: My bin p
K2
: h s hiu chnh tg theo nhit
Khi o tg ti nhit tng i cao v thy gi tri sau khi hiu chnh ln bt
thng th nn my bin p ngui i v lp li php o.
Bng 10.6: H s hiu chnh tg (K2) theo nhit
Chnh lch nhit (oC)
H s hiu chnh K2
10
15
16
1,05
1,10
1,15
1,20
1,25
1,55
1,95
2,4
Nu chnh lch nhit nm ngoi bng trn ta c th tnh ra bng cch nhn
cc h s quy i tng ng nh trong trng hp ca in tr cch in.
Ch : gi tr ca h s hiu chnh K c cho bi nh ch to, trong trng
hp khng c s liu ca nh ch to c th tham kho bng 10.7 (theo tiu
chun IEEE) v cng thc sau:
F
FPqd Pt
(10.3)
K
Trong :
FP q : h s tn hao c hiu chnh ti nhit quy i
Fpt : gi tr h s tn hao o c ti nhit t
t
: nhit cun dy khi th nghim (oC)
K : h s hiu chnh tg theo nhit

Bng 10.7: H s hiu chnh tg (K) theo nhit
Nhit th nghim t (oC)
H s hiu chnh K
10
0,80
15
0,90
20
1,00
25
1,12
30
1,25
35
1,40
40
1,55
45
1,75
68
Phn I: My bin p
50
1,95
55
2,18
60
2,42
65
2,70
70
3,00
CHNG XI. T CHC THC HIN

iu 57. iu khon thi hnh
iu 58. Sa i, b sung Quy trnh

...
69

Quy Trinh Thi Nghiem Mba - Phan I - Mba

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Phn I: My bin p

QUY TRNH TH NGHIM

QUY TRNH TH NGHIM

Quy trnh th nghim my bin p lc

Quy trnh th nghim my bin p lc

iu 36. o tn tht ngn mch v i n p ngn mch ca my bin p ba cu n

iu 55. o in tr cch in............................................................................61

Ghi ch: (*) Hng mc khng bt buc nu iu kin thit b khng p ng cc

Quy trnh th nghim my bin p lc

I. PHM VI IU CHNH V I TNG P DNG

5. ANSI C57.12.24-1994, American National Standard for Transformers

Quy trnh th nghim my bin p lc

16.IEEE Std C57.12.26TM-1992, IEEE Standard for Pad-Mounted,

Quy trnh th nghim my bin p lc

III. NI DUNG QUY TRNH

Quy trnh th nghim my bin p lc

7. Cch in t phc hi (self-restoring insulation): l cch in c th phc

e) gim tng tr th t khng ca cc MBA vi cc cun dy ni hnh sao.

Xem thm: Cun dy n nh (stabilizing winding)

Quy trnh th nghim my bin p lc

thit bi v cc b phn khc ca h thng c thit k vn hnh lin tc mt

41. MBA phn phi (distribution transformer): l MBA truyn ti in nng

Quy trnh th nghim my bin p lc

54. T s bin i ca MBA (turn ratio of a transformer): l t s ca s vng

Quy trnh th nghim my bin p lc

iu 2. Cc thng tin chung

Quy trnh th nghim my bin p lc

iu 3. Chun b cho th nghim

4.2.2. Tc tng in p khi th nghim chu ng in p

in p t vo i tng th nghim c bt u ti mt gi tri thp ph hp

Quy trnh th nghim my bin p lc

2.1. Phng php cu

Hnh 2.1: S u ni thc t o in tr nh

Hnh 2.2: S u ni thc t o in tr (cu Wheatstone)

2. Gi tr in tr o c, nu cn quy i v nhit tham chiu c trnh

Hnh 2.3: S o in tr theo phng php V-A

d) Dng in c s dng trong cc th nghim ny khng c vt

Quy trnh th nghim my bin p lc

: gi tri in tr mt chiu pha ln nht trong cc php o ()

: gi tri in tr mt chiu pha nh nht trong cc php o ()

: gi tri in tr mt chiu trung bnh cc pha trong cc php o ()

i vi cc MBA c kt cu c bit, in tr mt chiu cc pha khng nh

CHNG III. KIM TRA CC TNH V T U DY

Quy trnh th nghim my bin p lc

iu 2. Kim tra cc tnh bng xung mt chiu

Hnh 3.1: Xc nh cc tnh cun dy bng xung m t chiu

Quy trnh th nghim my bin p lc

Hnh 3.2: Kim tra cc tnh bng in p xoay chiu

Hnh 3.3: Kim tra cc tnh bng phng php so snh

Bc 3: vi cc kt ni ny, a gi tri in p vo cc cun dy in p cao v

Quy trnh th nghim my bin p lc

Hnh 3.4: T u dy ca my bin p ba pha

Hnh 3.5: Kim tra t ni dy bng xung mt chiu chn tr s

Hnh 3.6: Phng php xung mt chiu ba tr s

Ch : cu t s c m t trong iu 22 cng c th c s dng kim tra

CHNG IV. O T S BIN I

inh ti tn s danh inh.

nghim vo cun cao p. Cc ng h dng o t s bin cn phi c

Hnh 4.1: o t s bin my bin p m t pha

Uax : in p o c u ra cun dy h p (V)

Hnh 4.2: o t s bin i ca my bin p ba pha bng ngun mt pha

Quy trnh th nghim my bin p lc

Ch : khi o t s bin i ca my bin p ba pha c cun dy ni Y/ ho c