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Unit 1 Mod 3 Group Vii Elements
Unit 1 Mod 3 Group Vii Elements
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-1
The total energy change (kJ mol ) from these three processes are:fluorine -775 chlorine -607 bromine -580 iodine
-541
Since the fluoride ion shows the most negative enthalpy, it is the most
stable i.e. the most readily formed which translates to the most reactive
halogen, while iodine shows the least negative enthalpy change and this
means it is the least reactive halogen.
Reactions of the halogens with hydrogen and explanation of the
trend of thermal stability of the hydrides
H2(g) + X2(g) 2HX(g)
Fluorine:- it reacts with hydrogen gas explosively at room
temperature
Chlorine:- it reacts with hydrogen explosively only after the initiation
of the reaction by a spark or a flash of light
Bromine:- it only reacts in the presence of heat and a catalyst
Iodine:- even with the presence of heat and a catalyst, it is a
reversible reaction with the product quickly decomposing to the
starting materials
Thermal stability of the HX decreases down the group.
This can be easily explained by the trend of bond dissociation energy.
As the size of the halogen atom increases down the group, the degree of
orbital overlap becomes less extensive and thus the bond strength
decreases.
NB Acid strength increases down the group
i.e. HI > HBr > HCl >> HF
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FNo ppt
No
reaction
Conc.
H2SO4
HF(g)
ClWhite ppt
Soluble in
dilute
reagent
HCl (g)
BrCream ppt
Soluble in
conc. reagent
HBr (g) +
Br2 (g)
IYellow ppt
Insoluble in
dilute or conc.
reagent
Only I2 (g)
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