CARTESIAN CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM :

Rectangular Co-ordinate System : Let X' OX

and Y'OY be two mutually perpendicular lines
through any point O in the plane of the paper. Point O is known as the origin. The line
X'OX is called the x -axis or axis of x ; the
line Y'OY is known as the y-axis or axis of y,
and the two lines taken together are called
the co-ordinates axes or the axes of co-ordinates.

Y
3
2

II
Quadrant

(-.,+)
X

I
Quadrant
(+,+)
X

-3 -2 -1 0
-1

IV
-2 Quadrant
(+,-)
-3

III
Quadrant
(-,-)
Y

Region

Quadrant

Nature of X
and Y

Signs of
co-ordinate

XOY

x > 0, y > 0

(+, +)

YOX'

II

x < 0, y > 0

(- , +)

X'OY'

III

x < 0, y < 0

(-, -)

Y'OX

IV

x > 0, y < 0

(+, -)

Note - Any point lying on x-axis or y-axis does

not lie in any quadrant.
Any point can be represented on the plane
described by the co-ordinate axes by specifying its x and y co-ordinates.
The x -co-ordinate of the point is also known
as the abscissa while the y-coordinate is also
known as the ordinate.
Distance Formula : The distance two point
A (x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) is given by

 Area of the triangle formed by co-ordinate

axes and the line a x + b y + c = 0
is

origin to the line ax + by + c = 0 is given by

(a) 3

(b) 7

(c)

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

4) is :
(a) 2 : 3
(b) 1 : 2
(c) 2 : 1
(d) 3 : 1
The equation of a line with slope 5 and
passing through the point ( 4, 1) is :
(a) y = 5x + 21
(b) y = 5x 21
(c) 5y = x + 21
(d) 5y = x 21
The value of a so that the lines x + 3y 8 =
0 and ax + 12y + 5 = 0 are parallel is :
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 4
(d) 4
The value of P for which the lines 3x + 8y +
9 = 0 and 24x + py + 19 = 0 are
perpendicualar is :
(a) 12
(b) 9
(c) 11
(d) 9
The value of a so that line joining P( 2, 5)
and Q (0, 7) and the line joining A ( 4, 2)
and B(8, a) are perpendicular to each other
is :
(a) 1
(b) 5
(c) 1
(d) 0
The angle between the lines represented
by the equations 2y

Hints and Solutions :

LEVEL - 1
1. (b)
The point ( 5, 7) lies in the second quadrant.
2. (d)
The point (7, 5) lies in the fourth quadrant.
3. (a)
Distance between two points

23. (a)
The slope of the line is

14. (c)
Condition of parallelism

(0, 8)
B
A (15,O)
O

10

Similarly,

11