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First Shifting Practical #2
First Shifting Practical #2
1. Epithelial Tissue
-
Extra Notes:
-
2. Connective Tissue
-
stratified cuboidal
o Found only in ducts of large
glands.
o has two cell layers: apical layers
are cuboidal in shape.
o rare
stratified columnar
o Found only in ducts of large
glands.
o Consists of basal cells the vary in
shapes and size
o Apical cells columnar
o Rare
Transitional epithelium
o cells change in shape depending
whether the organ is distended or
contracted.
o Forms the lining of the urinary
bladder, ureters and part of the
urethra.
o Basal layer cells: cuboidal or
columnar
o Free surface: vary in shape
o NOT STRETCHED ORGAN: cell
surface is umbrella-shaped /
dome-like
DISTENDED (stretched):
epithelium thins and cells on
surface becomes large squamous.
Most abundant
Functions:
Connecting and binding body parts together
Protecting organs
Providing a framework for movement of
muscles
Serves as insulators
Acts as liquid medium for transporting
substances throughout the body
Mature Connective Tissue
o Loose connective tissue
o Dense connective tissue
o Cartilage
o Bone
o Blood
FIBROBLASTS
form the
extracellular
matrix of loose
connective
tissues.
CHONDRO
BLASTS
forms the
extacellular
atrix of
cartilage;
OSTEOBL
ASTS
Forms the
extracelluar
matrix of
bones
maintained
by
chondrocytes
Maintained
by
osteocytes
CARTILAGE
- Dense, firm but pliable
- Avascular
- Extracellular matrix collagenous and
elastic fibers
o Collagenous fibers tensile
strength and the gelatinous ground
- CHONDROBLASTS secrete fibers &
ground substance they become trapped in
LACUNAE become CHONDROCYTES
nourished through diffusion
B. Elastic Cartilage
- Thread-like network of elastic fibers
- Surrounded by a perichondrium
- Provides strength and elasticity
- Maintains shape (i.e. external ear)
C. Fibrocartilage
- No perichondrium
- Collagenous bundles are densely packed and
arranged in a herringbone (fish)
- Few and smaller chondrocytes along
collagenous bundles
- Strength and RIGIDITY
- Strongest !!!! type of cartilage
- Found in the pubic symphysis
- Forms cushion-like disk between vertebrae
Involved in
lymphocytes and monocytes
phagocytosis,
immunity and
o Granulocytes
neutrophils,
allergic reaction.
eosinophils, basophils
- Platelets
o Thrombocytes. Fragments of giant
cells called megakaryocytes
o Blood clotting mechanism
- PLASMA
o Liquid matrix that bathes the cell
o Liquid portion of UNCLOTTED
BLOOD
- SERUM
o Liquid portion of CLOTTED
BLOOD
Extra notes:
- Basophils
o Pag nasa tissue: mast cells
o diapedesis squeezing out of the
cell outside the blood vessel going
to the tissues
- ENDOTHELIUM
o Lining of the blood vessels
- Eosinophils
o Allergic rxn
o Helminthic infection
- Lymphocytes
o Viral infections
- MONOCYTES
o Phagocytosis
o To the attached part lang idestroy
nya
- NEUTROPHILS
o Phagocytosis
o Self-destruct to kill em
- CABAMINOHEMOGLOBIN
o Transport of CO2
3. Muscular Tissue
-
units
of
histological
organization; cells that have elongated
Muscle fibers ability to contract or
shorten producing moment
TYPES:
A. Skeletal Muscle Tissues
- Striated and voluntary
o Striated yung white part
- Form
long
cylindrical
units
with
multinucleated appearance
- Nuclei are found along the periphery of the
long cylindrical units.
MULTIPOLAR NEURON
one axon
NEURONS
NEUROGLIA
- Do not conduct impulses
nerve cells