What identifies a cell as a prokaryote? A B c D The DNA is associated with protein. The DNA is in a circular form. The DNA is in the form of a double spiral. The DNA is surrounded by a membrane system, A lysosome measures 0.4 um in diameter. What is the diameter innm? A 4nm B 40nm © 400mm D 4000nm What describes resolution in microscopy? A B c D the ability to distinguish between two objects that are very close together the clarity of the image formed by the microscope the number of times the image has been magnified by the objective lens the power of the microscope {o focus on very small objects What is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? A B c D aerobic respiration intracellular digestion synthesis of steroids transport of proteins 1 The diagram shows the ultrastructure of a typical animal call Which structure synthesises and transports lipids and steroids? D2 Which structures are found in plant cells but not in animal cells? A. centrioles B mitochondria C nucleoli D plasmodesmata 3. What is the correct order of size of organelles? largest ———$<<_—_—_—_——— smallest A | mitochondrion nucleus lysosome ribosome B | mitochondrion nucleus, ribosome lysosome c nucleus mitochondrion lysosome ribosome D nucleus mitochondrion ribosome lysosome 4 Apiece of mammalian tissue was homogenised and centrifuged. The biochemical activity of four subcellular fractions was investigated. Which diagram indicates the fraction with maximum synthesis of messenger RNA? " A B c D , 4 4 6 2 sg s 8 g 2 2 é 3 s & |» £)3 s >| 5/38 >. 5 [2 2135/5 Z)-s5/5 2\s S)3/2/8 S138 oy S| BIE s|5 2 2/5 3/s|s|2 sjsig 23 si. si3i8 s/s © 818 ale|5 sleleE FE els =/S/€ ele E\8 g 23 fg Elgis a\= E 88 27 ]\"|3 & 2 2 3 5 The action of which cell depends on large numbers of lysosomes? A. ciliated epithelial cell B goblet cell C lymphocyte D phagocyte6 Anamino acid enters a cell and is used to synthesise an enzyme secreted by the cell What is the sequence of cell components involved in this pathway? first al last A | endoplasmic Golgi ribosome exocytotic reticulum apparatus vesicle B | endoplasmic | ribosome Golgi cell surface reticulum apparatus membrane ¢ | fibosome Golgi endoplasmic | cell surface apparatus reticulum, membrane D ribosome endoplasmic Golgi exocytotic reticulum, apparatus vesicle What Is the resolution, in nanometres, of an electron microscope and of a light microscope? electron light microscope | microscope A os 20 8 0.5 200 c 5.0 20 D 5.0 200 2 The diagram shows a drawing of an electron micrograph of a cell mitochondrion: i Golgi apparatus aS ( Which structures are surrounded by double membranes? “Z—cytoplasm areetgtas | ysosome | mitochondrion | nucleus oytoplasm A v v y “ v 8 v x x x x c x x v ‘ x > x Z xk ‘3 In which animal cells would Golgi apparatus be most abundant? A B c D ciliated epithelial cells goblet cells red blood cells, ‘smooth muscle cells Which adaptation would increase the efficiency of active transport of carbohydrates from a plant cell? A B c D areas where the cell wall is thin increased permeability of the cell wall large surface area of the cell surface membrane selective permeability of the vacuole membrane Which is a feature of all prokaryotic cells? A B c D absence of cell surface membrane division by mitosis presence of mitochondria presence of ribosomes The diagram shows a cell surface membrane. The lipid bilayer has an approximate width of 8nm AARAR) |ARARACIARA) AAA ULL} JUKE) UL How many times has the diagram been magnified? A 2.5 x10? B 25x10! c 25x 108 D 25x 10°41 The diagram shows a stage micrometer on which the small divisions are 0.1 mm. It is viewed through an eyepiece containing a graticule. 0 10 20 a0 40 S09 60 70 #0 90 10d The stage micrometer is replaced by a slide of a plant coll 0 10 20 30 40 60 60 70 80 90 100 What is the width of a chloroplast? A Sum B 10um © 50um D- 100;0m 2 The diagram shows an electron micrograph of a typical animal cell. What is the function of the membrane system labelled X? A carbohydrate metabolism B iid synthesis, © protein synthesis D__ protein synthesis and transport3. The diagram shows an electron micrograph of a plant cell. What do structures X, Y and Z contain? x Y z A air chlorophyll protein B | mineral ions starch DNA and RNA c water mineral ions starch D starch DNA and RNA mineral ions 4 Which organelles are found in the calls of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes? A. chloroplasts B_ Golgi apparatus mitochondria D ribosomes 5. The diagram shows a high-power drawing of a plant cell ‘The actual length of the cell between X and Y was 160 um. What is the magnification of the cell? A x50 B «100 © ~500 D «10004 The diameter of living cells varies considerably. Typical diameters are: a prokaryote, such as Streptococcus = 750m a eukaryotic cell, such as a white blood cell - 454m Given these measurements, the diameter of the white blood cell is how many times greater than the prokaryote? A x2 B x20 c x50 D x200 2° In constructing a plan diagram of a transverse section of a dicotyledonous leaf, which feature should not be included? A chloroplasts in the palisade mesophyll layer B cuticle on the upper epidermis. vascular bundles in the leaf lamina D xylem in the vascular bundles 3 Membranous sacs containing products of metabolism are formed by the endoplasmic reticulum in cells. Where are these products used? A inside and outside the cell B__ inside lysosomes only © _ inside the cell only D outside the cell only 5 In 1985, a giant bacterium, Epulopiscium fishelsoni, was discovered. Which cell structure(s) would be present in Epulopiscium enabling biologists to classify this organism as prokaryotic? A acellulose cell wall outside the plasma membrane B apair of centrioles close to the nuclear area C circular DNA lying free in the cytoplasm. D smooth endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cytoplasm4 The diagram shows a graduated slide, with divisions of 0.1 mm viewed using an eyepiece graticule Pollan grains were grown in a sugar solution and viewed using the eyepiece graticule. Diagram 1 shows the pollen grains at first and diagram 2 shows them after four hours. clagram 1 diagram 2 at start after 4 hours What is the growth rate of the pollen tubes? A Symn* B 10umh* © Smmn* DB 10mmn* 1 The diacram shows part of a membrane around a vacucle of a plant cell What is the width of the membrane? 75x 10%m 75x 10%m oo 75% 10%m ° 75x 10m2 The diegram is taken from an electron micrograph of a cell which secretes digestive enzymes Where are these enzymes made? 3. A.specimen is viewed under a microscope using green light with a wavelength of 510mm. If the same specimen is viewed under the same conditions, but using red light with a wavelength of 650 nm instead, what effect will this have on the magnification and on the resolution of the microscope? magnification resolution A decreased decreased B Increased increased C | remains the same increased D_| remains the same docroased 5 Astudent is asked to study two photographs, taken at the same magnification, of a palisade mesophyll call, one using a high quality light microscope and the other using an electron microscope. The student observed 1 the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus 2 the grana in the chloroplasts 3 the two membranes of the nuclear envelope 4 the vacuole enclosed by a tonoplast Which features can be seen because of the higher resolution of the electron microscope? A 1,2and3 B 1,2and4 © 1,3and4 D 2,3and46 The ciagram shows a photomicrograph. Its magnification is «2800. A Whatis the diameter of the nucleolus? A 25um B 5ym © 10pm D 20um 1. Whats the order of size of cell components? largest —__________________, smallest A | centrioles | mitochondria | lysosomes nucleoli B | mitochondria | nucleoli lysosomes | centrioles | nuclooli | mitochondria | centrioles | lysosomes: D | nucleoli centrioles | mitochondria | lysosomes: 2 When mucus is secreted from a goblet cell in the trachea, these events take place. 1 addition of carbohydrate to protein 2 fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane 3. secretion of a glycoprotein 4 separation of a vesicle from the Golgi apparatus What is the sequence in which these events take piace? A 1445243 B 1545332 © 4513243 D 43133423 The magnification of this electron micrograph is 5 x 10°, What is the actual size of the nucleolus? A 02um B 0.5ym © 2um D 20; 4 Which structure is present in cells of eukaryotes but not present in cells of prokaryotes? A. 70s ribosome B chromatin © mesosome D plasmid 4. Which eyepiece and objective lens combination enables you to see the greatest number of cells in the field of view? eyepiece objective A 5 x10 B x10 x10 c 6 x40 D x10 x40 2. From which cell organelle are nucleic acids absent? A. chloroplast B_ Golgi apparatus © mitochondrion D_ ribosome3° Mitochoncria are thought to have evolved from prokaryotic cells that were ingested by an ancestral cell Which feature have the prokaryotes lost during their evolution into mitochondria? A. cell wall B circular chromosome endoplasmic raticulum D ribosomes 4 The diagram is @ drawing made from an electron micrograph showing a cross-section of an alveolus and two adjacent capillaries. alveolar air space fibre-secreting — cell What is the shortest distance travelled by an oxygen molecule diffusing from the alveolar air ‘space into one of the red blood calls? A 1.0um B 30um © 10.0um D 30.0um 5 Which combination is found in a prokaryotic cell? “reteuum | ON RNA | nucleus a ¢ af x x key 5 » * x v | #= present S * 7 a x X= absent D x x Z E 1 What are the appropriate units for measuring diameters of alveoll, diameters of white blood cells and the width of cell walls? diameters of | diameters of width of alveoli white blood calls | cell walls A mm am um B um mm um c um um am D mm mm am2 Cells which do not have nucleoli die because they do not have A. centrioles and cannot divide. B__ mitochondria and cannot release energy. © mRNA and cannot transcribe DNA. D ribosomes and cannot synthesise protein. 3 What describes the features of an electron microscope? ma, | tesokton/om | epsiren al 2510 25x10 | eae B| 25x 108 50x10" | living | genie | siete! || deed D | 50x10 25%10° | _iving 4 Aplan diagram is made of a transverse section of a leaf, Which features should be seen in the diagram? 1 the overall distribution of tissues 2 the relative thicknesses of the tissue layers, 3. those cells which contain chloroplasts A tand2ony B 1and3only C 2and3only D 1,2and3 5 The table shows some of the structural features present or absent in four different cell types. Which identifies the cell type for each column of features? key = feature present X= feature absent cell wall v v x 4 contrioles: x x 4 x chloroplast v x x x Golgi apparatus v v L x large vacuole v v x x A ciliated epithelial | prokaryotic call_| root cortex cell spongy cell mesophyll cell B root cortex cell spongy prokaryotic cell | ciliated epithelial mesophyll cell cell c prokaryotic cell_| ciliated epithelial spongy Foot cortex cell cell mesophyll coll D spongy root cortex cell | ciliated epithelial | prokaryotic cell mesophyll cell cal4. Which cell structure can be seen only with an electron microscope? A. cell surface membrane chromosome 8 C nucleolus D vacuole 2 Alymphocyte has a diameter of 1 x 10" millimetres (mm). What is the diameter in nanometres (nm)? A 1x10 B 1x10 c 1x 10° D 1x10! 3 Whatis a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? A protein synthesis, B protein transport C steroid synthesis, . steroid transport 4 The photomicrograph of a cell has a 2cm scale line labelled 5 jim. ‘What is the magnification of the photomicrograph? A 1x 10° B 2x 10° c 4x10° D 5x10"Which is a feature of all prokaryotic cells? A absence of cell surface membrane B division by mitosis C presence of cellulose cell wall D presence of ribosomes Which cell structure can be seen only with an electron microscope? A cell surface membrane B_ chromosome © nucleolus D vacuole a feature of all prokaryotic cells? absence of cell surface membrane division by mitosis presence of cellulose cell wall presence of ribosomes A lymphooyte has a diameter of 1 x 10° millimetres (mm), What is the diameter in nanometres (nm)? A 1x10! B 1x10? © 1x 10° D 1x10 Which plan diagram of a transverse section of a leaf correctly shows the position of xylem and phloem as well as the fact that the palisade mesophyll is twice as thick as the spongy mesophyll?1 Which structures are measured using these units? 10°m 10m 10°m A | chloroplast ribosome nucleus B nucleus chloroplast xylem vessel c ribosome xylem vessel chloroplast D | xylem vessel nucleus ribosome 2 The diagram below is drawn from an electron micrograph of an animal call3 The diagram shows a stage micrometer, with divisions 0.1 mm apart, viewed through an eyepiece containing a graticule. What is the area of the field of view of the microscope at this magnification? (r= 3.14) A nx 12.5% 125= 9 x 10? pm? Bo onx 55x 55=9.5x 10° um? mx 125 x 125 = 4.9 » 10‘ um? c D nx 250 x 250 = 2.0 x 10° pm? 4 Which structures are found in both animal and plant cells? 1 centriole 2 lysosome 3 nucleolus 4 vacuole A tand3only B 2and4 only © 2,3and4only D 1,2,3and4 5 Which observations suggest that a cell is eukaryotic? cytoplasm protein ribosomes includes | molecules are | distributed endoplasmic | associated | through the reticulum | with the DNA | cytoplasm A v x v B x v x c x x x D v v v key ¥ = found in eukaryotes X = not found in eukaryotes1 The diagram shows a section through a type of epithelium. Where is this type of epithelium found in the respiratory system? ono > D trachea v v x x bronchus v v x x all bronchioles v x v x alveolus x x v ¢ key v= present xX = absent 2 Which statement is an example of epidemiological evidence linking smoking to lung cancer? A B c D 3 Which feature of haemoglobin makes it a globular protein? A B c D Chemical analysis of tar from cigarettes shows that it contains carcinogens. Dogs made to inhale the smoke from cigarettes develop lung tumours. The incidence of lung cancer increases in a population as more cigarettes are smoked. When tar from cigarettes is rubbed onto the skin of mice, the mice develop skin tumours. It has four cross-linked polypeptide chains forming a quaternary structure. Ithas hydrophobic groups on the inside and hydrophilic groups on the outside. It has hydrophobic interactions and is insoluble in water. Ithas polypeptide chains which are cross-linked to form sheets.4 Which processes allow movement into and out of a cell? 1 active transport 2 diffusion 3 facilitated diffusion 4 osmosis 2 and 4 only 1, 2 and 3 only oD > 1, 3.and 4 only D 1,2, 3and4 5 Some plant and animal cells were placed in different solutions and the results are shown, 1 2 3 Which calls were placed in which solution? 1.0moldm™* sucrose 0.4 moldm® salt solution A tand2 SandS B tand4 3 c 2and4 tand3 D 3and 5 2and 4 4 The enzyme lysozyme secreted from tear glands forms deposits on contact lenses. Which ingredient would be effective in a contact lens cleaner for removing these deposits? A. ethanol B_ lysosomes C pH buffers D proteases41 Which observations suggest that a cell is eukaryotic? cytoplasm protein ribosomes includes | molecules are | distributed endoplasmic | associated | through the reticulum | with the DNA | cytoplasm A v x v B x v x c x x x D r Y v key = found in eukaryotes X = not found in eukaryotes 12 Which structures are found in both animal and plant cells? 1 centriole 2 lysosome 3 nucleolus 4 vacuole A 1and3 only B 2and4 only © 2,3and4 only D 1,2,3and4 13 Which structures are measured using these units? 10°m 10°m 10°m A chloroplast ribosome nucleus B nucleus chloroplast xylem vessel c ribosome xylem vessel chloroplast D xylem vessel nucleus ribosome1 Which of the cell organelles, when appropriately stained, will be clearly visible under the high power (x400) of the light microscope? endoplasmic lysosomes Teticuium | Mitochondria | chloroplasts A v v x x key B v x v x ¥= visible c x v 4 v X= not visible D x x x v 2 Which is correct about the organelles listed in the table? carries out contains contains transcription enzymes ribosomes 1 lysosomes no yes no 2 mitochondria yes no yes 3. | rough endoplasmic reticulum yes yes yes 4 vacuoles no yes no A tand3 B tand4 © 2and3 D 2and4 3 The graticule and stage micrometer are used to measure cells. Which is the correct reason why the graticule calibrated? A The graticule can be used to make measurements. B_ The graticule is magnified by the objective lens C The graticule magnifies the specimen. D_ The graticule makes comparisons. 4 > What are the characteristics of a prokaryotic cell? DNA endoplasmic ribosomal structure reticulum Plasmids size A circular absent present small B circular present absent large c linear absent present small D linear present absent large5 The diagram shows a stage micrometer, with divisions 0.1 mm apart, viewed through an eyepiece containing a graticule. The same eyepiece is now used to examine a blood smear. How many graticule divisions will cover the diameter of a white cell of 104m? Ad B4 © 10 D 20 1. Which steps are needed to find the actual width of a xylem vessel viewed in transverse section using a «40 objective lens? 1 Convert from mm to jum by multiplying by 10~. 2 Calibrate the eyepiece graticule using a stage micrometer on «10 objective lens. 3. Measure the width of the xylem vessel using an eyepiece graticule 4 Multiply the number of eyepiece graticule units by the calibration of the eyepiece graticule. A 1,2,3and4 B 2,3and4 only © 1and2only 3and 4 only 2 Asspecimen is viewed under a microscope using green light with a wavelength of 540nm. If the same specimen is viewed under the same conditions, but using red light with a wavelength of 650 nm instead, what effect will this have on the magnification and on the resolution of the microscope? magnification resolution A decreased decreased B increased increased ¢ | remains the same decreased D | remains the same increased3 Which cell organelle does not contain nucleic acid? A. chloroplast B Golgi apparatus C lysosome D_ ribosome 4 The diameter of living cells varies considerably. The typical diameters are eukaryote, such as a white blood cell 1.5 10° um a prokaryote, such as Streptococcus 7.5 = 10%nm Use these measurements to find the maximum number of each cell type which could fit along a line 11¢m jong. number of white number of blood cells Streptococcus cells A 67x 10° 1.3 «10° B 67x 10° 1.3% 10° c 67 10! 1.3% 10° D 67x 10° 1.3.x 10° 5 Cells consist of a number of different components. Which row shows the components present (V ) in both a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell? lysosomes Golgi ribosomes cell surface apparatus membrane A v y B v v c v y D v v1. The photomicrograph shows a transverse section through a leaf. 1 sunken stomata two layers of epithelium thick cuticle Roo nN ‘small surface area to volume Which features of a xerophytic leaf are visible in this section? A tand2 B 1and3 Cc 2and4 D 1,2,3and4 2 What determines the rate of water movement from the roots to the leaves? A absorption of water through the root hair cells B_ development of a less negative water potential in the leaves C diffusion of water through the stomata D_ evaporation of water from the mesophyll cell walls 3. Which shows the correct structure of mature xylem vessel elements and phloem sieve tube elements? cytoplasm nucleus end wall A | phloem v v v xylem v a x key B phioem v x v ¥ = present xylem x v v X= absent c | phloem v x v xylem x x x D | phloem x v v xylem x x v