Policymaking involves five categories: 1) policy demands from the public that energize officials to address problems, 2) debate over policy options and their potential outputs to solve problems, 3) official policy statements announcing the chosen option, 4) governments implementing policies through actions, and 5) outcomes resulting from policies that indicate if the original problem was solved or new problems were created.
Policymaking involves five categories: 1) policy demands from the public that energize officials to address problems, 2) debate over policy options and their potential outputs to solve problems, 3) official policy statements announcing the chosen option, 4) governments implementing policies through actions, and 5) outcomes resulting from policies that indicate if the original problem was solved or new problems were created.
Policymaking involves five categories: 1) policy demands from the public that energize officials to address problems, 2) debate over policy options and their potential outputs to solve problems, 3) official policy statements announcing the chosen option, 4) governments implementing policies through actions, and 5) outcomes resulting from policies that indicate if the original problem was solved or new problems were created.
Policymaking involves five categories: 1) policy demands from the public that energize officials to address problems, 2) debate over policy options and their potential outputs to solve problems, 3) official policy statements announcing the chosen option, 4) governments implementing policies through actions, and 5) outcomes resulting from policies that indicate if the original problem was solved or new problems were created.
In fact, five categories through which policies have to pass through can be
identified. These are:
1. Policy demands: Policy making begins when people make demands for action or inaction concerning a particular problem that affects them. Those demands act as input to the political system. They energize the political system to begin a process of making policy. Once officials have been sensitised about such demands several decisions have to be made about demands. 2. Policy decisions: The policy decisions phase is one where the policy demands are debated and several policy options that can be used to solve the problem are considered. The objectives to be achieved by solving the problem are developed, the outputs of each policy option are considered and the options are compared; 3. Policy statements: These are the policy pronouncements made by authorities. These come after a choice of the most favoured option is made and recommended for policy. Policy statements include such things as Acts of Parliament, executive orders, and administrative rules and regulations that indicated what should be done to achieve the results the policy is interned for; 4. Policy outputs: This refers to what is actually done in pursuance of policy statements. It is what governments do to operationalize policy and solve problems. It is putting policy into action to realise goals. 5. Policy outcomes: These are the results of putting policy into action. They are the effects of policy. They are the consequences of policy actions and they indicate whether the policy solved the problem or matter of concern or in fact, raised other problem that may now need policy action to alleviate them.