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    The Telegrapher Equations

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    MikoMark
    The document introduces the telegrapher's equations, which model voltage and current on a transmission line as a function of position and time. It explains that a wire has resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance per unit length. Using Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws, it derives differential equations relating the voltage and current as functions of position and time. These are known as the telegrapher's equations, which must be solved to determine valid voltage and current profiles on a transmission line.

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    The Telegrapher Equations

    Uploaded by

    MikoMark
    20 views4 pages
    The document introduces the telegrapher's equations, which model voltage and current on a transmission line as a function of position and time. It explains that a wire has resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance per unit length. Using Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws, it derives differential equations relating the voltage and current as functions of position and time. These are known as the telegrapher's equations, which must be solved to determine valid voltage and current profiles on a transmission line.

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    The document introduces the telegrapher's equations, which model voltage and current on a transmission line as a function of position and time. It explains that a wire has resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance per unit length. Using Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws, it derives differential equations relating the voltage and current as functions of position and time. These are known as the telegrapher's equations, which must be solved to determine valid voltage and current profiles on a transmission line.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views4 pages

    The Telegrapher Equations

    Uploaded by

    MikoMark
    The document introduces the telegrapher's equations, which model voltage and current on a transmission line as a function of position and time. It explains that a wire has resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance per unit length. Using Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws, it derives differential equations relating the voltage and current as functions of position and time. These are known as the telegrapher's equations, which must be solved to determine valid voltage and current profiles on a transmission line.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 4

    1/20/2005

    The Telegrapher Equations.doc

    1/4

    The Telegrapher Equations


    Consider a section of wire:
    i (z,t)

    i (z+z,t)

    v (z,t)

    v (z+z,t)

    Q: Huh ?! Current i and voltage v are a function of position z ??


    Shouldnt i (z ,t ) = i (z + z ,t ) and v (z ,t ) = v (z + z ,t ) ?
    A: NO ! Because a wire is never a perfect conductor.
    A wire will have:
    1)
    2)
    3)
    4)

    Jim Stiles

    Inductance
    Resistance
    Capacitance
    Conductance

    The Univ. of Kansas

    Dept. of EECS

    1/20/2005

    The Telegrapher Equations.doc

    2/4

    i.e.,
    i (z,t)

    R z

    i (z+z,t)

    L z

    v (z,t)

    G z

    C z

    v (z+z,t)
    -

    Where:

    R = resistance/unit length
    L = inductance/unit length
    C = capacitance/unit length
    G = conductance/unit length

    resistance of wire length z is Rz.

    Using KVL, we find:

    v (z + z ,t ) v (z ,t ) = R z i (z ,t ) L z
    and from KCL:

    i (z + z ,t ) i (z ,t ) = G z v (z ,t ) C z

    Jim Stiles

    The Univ. of Kansas

    i (z ,t )
    t
    v (z ,t )
    t

    Dept. of EECS

    1/20/2005

    The Telegrapher Equations.doc

    3/4

    Dividing the first equation by z, and then taking the limit as


    z 0 :
    v (z + z ,t ) v (z ,t )
    i (z ,t )
    = R i (z ,t ) L
    lim
    z 0
    z
    t
    which, by definition of the derivative, becomes:
    v (z ,t )
    i (z ,t )
    = R i (z ,t ) L
    z
    t
    Similarly, the KCL equation becomes:
    i (z ,t )
    v (z ,t )
    = G v (z ,t ) C
    z
    t
    If v (z ,t ) and i (z ,t ) have the form:

    v (z ,t ) = Re {V (z )e j t } and i (z ,t ) = Re {I (z )e j t }
    then these equations become:

    V (z )
    = (R + j L ) I (z )
    z
    I (z )
    = (G + j C )V (z )
    z

    These equations are known as the telegraphers equations !

    Jim Stiles

    The Univ. of Kansas

    Dept. of EECS

    1/20/2005

    The Telegrapher Equations.doc

    4/4

    * The functions I(z) and V(z) are complex, where the


    magnitude and phase of the complex functions describe the
    magnitude and phase of the sinusoidal time function e j t .
    * Thus, I(z) and V(z) describe the current and voltage along the
    transmission line, as a function as position z.
    * Remember, not just any function I(z) and V(z) can exist on a
    transmission line, but rather only those functions that
    satisfy the telegraphers equations.
    Our task, therefore, is to solve
    the telegrapher equations and
    find all solutions I (z) and V (z)!

    Jim Stiles

    The Univ. of Kansas

    Dept. of EECS

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