Industrial

Valves
Module 1

Functions:
Start

& stop flow

Control flow rate
Controlling direction of flow
Relieving over pressure in pipeline or
equipment (human,piping,equipment safety)
Regulating system pressure

Types:
Valves can be divided into following main types
Isolation or block valves
Throttling or regulating valves
Non return valves
Pressure control valve

Isolation
valves
4

1.Gate valve
A

sliding disk slide up and down in and out of

the flow
Uses
Fully open/closed
Non throttling
In frequent operation

Gate valve.

Gate Valve Operation

Application:
Oil
Gas
Air
Slurries
Steam
Corrosive

liquids

Vacuum
Cryogenic
8

Advantages
High

capacity
Tight shut off
Low cost
Little resistance to flow

Disadvantages
Poor

control
Can not be used for throttling
Cavitate at low pressure drop

10

Rising stem gate valve

Valve

threads are out of direct contact of fluid

11

Non rising stem gate valve

use at limited space

12

2. Ball valve
Valve

is operated by turning the ball a quarter

turn in clockwise & anti clockwise (open)

13

Ball valve:

14

Uses:
Fully

open/closed
Limited throttling

15

Application:
Gases
Liquids
High

temperatures
Slurries

16

Advantages
Low

cost
High capacity
Low leakage and maint.
Tight sealing with low torque

17

Disadvantages
Poor

throttling
Cavitation

18

3.Plug valve
Plug

valves also called cocks, used where

quick shutoff is required.

19

Plug valve

20

Plug valve or Cock

21

Uses:
Start

and stop the flow

Can be used as three way valve due to multi
ports

22

Plug valve Applications

Gas

and liquid fuel

Water.
Extreme temperature flow
Boiler feed water.
Low Pressure Steam .
Corrosive Liquids and Gases

23

Diaphragm Valve:
Flexible diaphragm provide excellent leak tight
properties.

24

Uses:
Starting

and stopping flow

Moderate throttling

25

Application:
Gases
Corrosive

liquids
Sanitary handling of pharmaceutical and
foodstuff
Radioactive fluids
slurry

26

THROTTLING
(Regulating)
Valves

27

1.Globe Valve:
A

conical plug moves in and out of the fluid

Uses
Throttling service/flow regulation
Frequent operation

28

Globe Valve

29

Globe Valve.

30

Globe Valve Ops.

31

Application:
Liquids
Gases
slurries
Vacuum
Cryogenic
Corrosive

substance

32

Advantages:
Efficient

throttling
Accurate flow control

33

Disadvantages:
High

pressure drop
More expensive than others

34

Tee pattern globe valve

35

Angle Pattern globe valve

36

2.Needle Valve
Uses
accurate flow Cont.
Instrumentation
Gage
meter

37

Butterfly Valve:
A

disc shaped closure is

rotated through 90
degree for control

38

Butterfly Valve
Uses:
Throttling
Fully open/closed
Frequent operation

39

Application:
Gases
Liquids
Slurries
Granules
Sanitary

handling of pharmaceutical

Vacuum

40

Advantages:
Low

cost and maint.

High capacity
Good flow control
Low pressure drop

41

Disadvantages:
High

torque required for control

cavitations at lower flow

42

Non Return
Valves
43

Check Valve:
Prevent

in- line back flow

44

Swing check valve (liquids)

installed horizontal & vertical

45

Swing check valve Ops.

46

Piston check valves

47

Check valve (Ball)

48

Spilt disc check valve:

49

Spilt disc check valve

operation:

50

Lift check valve(For vapor)

51

Pressure Relief
valves
52

Pressure Relief Valves

Releases

excess pressure to protect system.

Use with Gases & liquid.

53

Type of Pressure Relief Valve

Safety

valve :Used with compressible gases .steam and air services .

Relief valve : Used in liquid systems. as pressure overspill devices .

54

Relief Valve for liquids)

55

Safety Valve (gases)

56

safety valves used on steam & Air

systems

57

58

Control Valves:
Used

to regulate flow i.e., vary flow by

opening and closing by certain percentage

59

Control Valves
Control

system normally consist of the

following components:

Control

valves.
Actuators.
Controllers.
Sensors.
60

61

62

Pressure/Temperature Rating:
Manufacturers

should list the temp. and

pressure rating of their valve
Rating will be unique to the specific valve
material including the type of seal and end
connection.

63

End Connection:
Threaded

ends are cheap but can be stripped

and leak
Welded end provide no leaks and are cheap
initially, but if there is a problem then valve
must be cut out,
Flanged ends are expensive but are the best
from installation and removal standpoint.

64

Valve Standards:
ANSI---American

National Standard Institute

API---American Petroleum Institute
ASME--- American Society Of Mechanical
Engineers
AWWA--- American Water Works Association
BSI---British Standard Institute
MSS Manufacturer Standardization society
NACENational Association Of Corrosion
Engineering
65

1.Basic valve sizing equation

Q=Cv (P/G)1/2
2. Head Loss
h=KV2/2gc

66