01

dM N aM x at; N aedI m
sanPaBTUeTA
dMNaMxat;NaedIm bxat;NaeQIRtUv)aneKdaMduHCag 200qaMmkehIy
enAtMbn;CaeRcInenAelIBiPBelak vasitkgRkum Coles Crops .dMNaMRbePT
enHsitkgRKYsar Cruciferae RbePT Brassica Oleracea L eQaHviTa
saRs Brassicaalbog labra . tamkarRsavRCavrbs;elak Thompson
(1979) )anGtaFib,ayfa dMNaMenHmanRbPBedImenAkgtMbn; Rupestrisineana kgtMbn; Adriatic benAPaKxagt,gnRbeTsGuItalI . enAedIm
stvtSTI 19 tamkarkt;RtaBitR)akd mYyGMBIRbvtidMNaMenHdMbUgeKbgs;
enARbeTs)araMgkgqaM 1900 eRkaymkvarIkceRmIneTAdl;RbeTsGaLWm:g;
RbeTsdaNama:k RbeTsGg;eKs .
I.

tamkareFVIcMNat;RbePTrbs;elak Yarnell kgqaM 1956 )an

kMNt;RbePT Brassica oleracea L CaeRcIn RbePTkgenaHxat;NaedIm
CaRbePTdMNaMsitkgRkum Brassiea olerecea enHEdreRkABIenaH dUcCa
xat;Napa xat;NaedIm xat;Naekab BnkExgxat;Na . xat;NaedIm b
xat;NaeQIman 2 RbePT enAtMbn;RbeTsekAeKcUlcitdaMBYkswkRkas;
ehIyCab; KanEqkedImtUc ehIymanBNbtgRkem:AeQaH Chinese Kale
cMeBaHenAtMbn;RtCak;vij eKniymdaMxat;NaEdlmanswkEqk litRkjaj;
BNbtgxI edImFM x<s; km<s;RbmaNBI 55-65s>m eK[eQaHfa
Borecole Kale .
GMBIlkNedIm Tg nigswk edIm rbs;vamanBNbtg duHBnk
eLIgeTAelIedaysarkMBUlxIebIeKkat;TTwgedImeyIg segteXIjfa Epk
sMbkmanPaBCasrs ehIysVitenAtambeNayedImRBmTaMgmansMbk
BNbtg BTBIeRkAsrsTaMgenaH ehIyenAEpkbNlman sPaBTn;xI
CaEpkbriePaK)an .

04

GMBIbs RbePTrukCatienH KWRkumbsryaglUtlas;skm vaGac

cak;cUlkgCeRmARbmaNBI 55-80 s>m eKGac[ eQaHfaRbePTbsxI .
II. lkxNbrisan
GMBIbrisanRtUv)anrab;bBalktasMxan;dUcCa ktasItuNPaB ktadI
sMeNImbriyakas nig sMeNImdI TwkePg >>> .
1> GMBIBnW nigryeBlcaMg
sItuNPaB nigBnWvaCafamBlmYyEdlmantYnaTIya:gskmkg
skmkgRbtikmGnrGMeBI sRmab;bMElgsarFatuepSg [eTACa sarFatu

GMBIGaharUbtm
kgTmn; 100 Rkam EdlbriePaK)anmansarFatudUckgtarag

03

GMBIswk swkmanBNbtgRkem:A manRTnugswkFMEvgPab;BIedIm

rhUtdl;cugswk RBmTaMgmansrstUcenAkgRTnug CasrsnaMeLIgn
sarFatuciBawm nigTwk >>> .
GMBIpa paenAEpkxagelI ehIymanBNs parYmePT (Monogender)
KwpajI nigpaeQalenACamYyKa (Male and Female) pacab;epImrIkeRkay
BImansnwkRbmaNBI 14-16 snwk eRkaydaMRbmaNBI 85-90 f .
bu:EnenAtMbn;ekAPaKeRcIn parIk ehIyrlYyedaysarkMedAf minsmRsb
dl;karbgkMeNIt .
karplitBUC RtUveRCIserIstMbn;RtCak;ryeBlEvgBI 4-5 ExEdl
mansItuNPaBBI 25-28 0C CaFmm ehIyRKab; BUCtUclit 1000 RKab;
Tmn; 3/3-50 Rkam .

05

06

3> ktadI
dICaktamYycaM)ac;sRmab;karduH niglUtlas;rbs;dMNaMRKb;RbePT
dIEdlsm,reTAedayCatimemak RBmTaMgsarFatu ciBawmepSg dMNaM
RbePTenHRtUveKcat;bBaleTAkgRkumminFn;RTaMnwgdIGasuId vaGacduHlUt
las;elIRbePTdIeRcInRbePT CaBiessenAelIRbePTdIl,ab;mat;Tenem
KgdIRkhm dIexA EtvaminlUtlas;lelIRbePTdIEdlmanl,ay\dx<s;
eRBaHdIRbePT enHminRCabTwk dIEdldk;TwkyUrdMNaMRbePTenHminGac
lUtlas;l pH smRsbKW cenaHBI 6/5-7/5 cMeBaHsMeNImdIRtUvman cenaH
70-75 % CaRbcaM .
III. beckeTsdaMduH
1> karerobcMdI
dICaktasMxan;sRmab;karlUtlas;rbs;dMNaMkareobcMdIsRmab;dMNaM

ciBawm CaBiessedIm,IbegInnUvCatibtgEdleK[eQaHfa krUPIl nigplit

CatikabUnnIRtat . enAkgdMeNIr)atuPUtrsI sMeyaKKW Photosynthesis
EdlRbtikmEtgcab;yk]snkabUnic O2 beBaj]snGuksIuEsn Co2 py
eTAvij enAeBlbriyakasKanBnWBiesseBlyb;sItuNPaBRtCak;Rbtikm
ehAfa)atuPUtdMNkdegIm KWcab;ykGuksIuEsn O2 beBajnUv]snkabUnic
Co2 .
2> GMBIsItuNPaB
enAkgktasItuNPaBenHEdr eKEckecjCa 3 EpkKW sItuNPaB
dMNuHRKab;sItuNPaBsRmab;karduHlUtlas; nig sItuNPaBbnBUC.
sItuNPaBsRmab;dMNuHRKab; vaRtUvkarsItuNPaBsmRsbCak;lak;
mYykgtMNak;kalduHBnkBI 17-20 C EtebITab Cag 10 C nigeLIgx<s;
Cag 28 C vanwgmanbBaaeRcInKW eBlxHminGacduHBnk)an nigkrNIxH
eTot duHmkehIyRtUvrgkarxUc xatBiessbNal[ekItCmWTn;edImkman .
sItuNPaBsRmab;karlUtlas; enAkgvKlUtlas;dMNaMxat;NaedIm
RtUvkarsItuNPaBmYyya:gRbesIrrvageBlyb; nigeBlf eBlyb;sItuN
PaBcenaH 18-20 C nig eBlfcenaHBI 25-35 CamFmBI 20-25
GgSaes dMNaMenHGaclUtlas;elOn eCosputBIkarbMpaj rbs;stVlit
eTotpg . sItuNPaBsRmab;bnBUCKW cenaHBI 18-22 GgSaes mFm
RbcaMf .
0

08

litEdlRCkBYn kgdI 15 m2 eRbIcMnYn 20 Rkam Furadan eRkaymkras;

nigerIsesAecj nigBRgab[)anl eTIbeKcab;epImykRKab;BUCeTAsab
elIfalenaH edayeRbIRKab;BUCcMnYn 7-10 RkamelIpfal 15 m2 mYy
hiktaeKeRbIRKab;BUCcMnYn 5 KILRkam . eRkayBIsabehIy eKRtUvyk
kMNat;cMebIgstxImkRBacBIelI ehIyeRsacTwk[eCaK 1 f 2elIkeRkay
BIsabryeBl 7 feKcab;epImdkrMlYskUn ecj nigesAepSgCaelIkTI 1
kardkrMlYskUnelITI 2 eFVIeLIgenAeBlkUnxat;NamanGayu 15 f
KweKdkedayTuk[mancenaH regVIlsRmab;[xat;NalUtlas;)anEtmg KW
20 s>m x 20 s>m .

07

bEnCaTUeTAdIstl minesImeBk nigminsteBk sMeNImsmRsb . karPr

nigras;bMEbkdI[lit KWFana[manxl;ecjcUl)anl BRgayCICati[esIl
rkSasMeNImRKb;RKan;kg dI ekor[esI edIm,I[karelIkrg nigeRsacRsB
RbRBwteTA)anl . karPrdImin)aneRCA nigmin)anekor[esIvaGaceFVI[kar
rlUt las; rbs;dMNaMmanPaBminesIKaeLIy . dIstEdlGacPr)an KWs
muxelIsMeNImRbmaNBI 55-60 % RbsinebIdIenaHCaRbePT dIxSac;xaMgmun
nwgPrRtUv)acCIkMbu:scMnYn 15-20 etan nigkMe)arcMnYn 250-300 K>Rk
elIpdI 1 h>t eTIbPrlb;CaeRkay eRBaHCIkMbu:seFVI[dI\dmanbnkxl;
ecjcUl)anl .
2> rebobdaMduH
cMeBaHdMNaMxat;NaedIm bxat;NaeQIeKGaceRbIviFIsaRsdaMduH)an
CaBIrrebobKW daMedaysabRKab;pal; nigdaMedaysgkUn
k> rebobdaMedaysabRKab;pal;
eRkayBIPr nigras;rYcehIyeKcab;epImqUtelIrgeday]bkrN_ma:suIn
elIkrgedayngleKa bedaycb EdlrgmanTTwg 80-100 s>m km<s;
enArdUvvsSaBI 20-25s>m rdUvR)aMgvij 15-20 s>m beNayminelIsBI
10-15 m . eRkayBIelIkrgehIy RtUv)acCIRTab;)atKW 15>15>15 bCI
DAP RTab;)atedaylayCamYyfaMsmab;stVlitKW FuradanedIm,Ismab;stV

10

3> kareRsacRsB
eKeRsacedaye)a:tFmta KwmYyGMErkTwk 38 lIRt eRsacelIpdI
10-15m2 mYyf 2 dg RBwk lac rhUtdl;kUnxat;Na manGayu 10 f
eTIbBalTwk . ma:geToteK)aj;TwkedayeRbIma:suIn 1 fmg .
4> karRCMeRCaydI
cMeBaaHdMNaMRbePTenH eKRCMCIcMnYn 2 elIkKWryeBl 15 feRkay
BIsabeKRtUvRCMeRCayelIkTI 1 munnwigRCMeRCaydIeKpak kareRsacTwk mun

09

x> rebobdaMedaysgkUn
munnwgdaMeKRtUvelIkrg[)anRtwmRtUvKWTTwg 80 s>m km<s; 20-25
s>m beNayBI 10-105m bnab;mkeTotras;BRgab rgnImYy[
esIlRbmUlykesAecj eTIberayfaMsmab;stVlit Furadan layCa
mYyCI 15>15>15 bCI DAP 18>46>0 eTAkgrgTaMgenaHbnab;mkyk
rnas;ras;lubdInigfaMTaMgenaH[Fak;cuHkgCeRmAdI 3-5 s>m eTIbeKdk
ykkUnmksg kUnxat;Naman snwk 3/4 km<s; 8-12 s>m eTIbsg)an
eKsgceRmA 3-4 s>mcenaHKum<nigCYr 20 s>m x 20 s>m 1edImmYy
Kum< . eRkay BIsgehIyeKRtUveRsacTwk[eCaKPam eRkayBIsg 2 f
kUndMNaMEtgRseBaneRBaHvadac;bseRcIndUecHeKRtUveRbIviFIRKbkUnEdleTIb
sgehIyenAeBlfekAxaMg eRsacTwk 1 f3elIkk)an .

12

- eKeRsacCIGuyer:bMb:ncMnYn 2 elIkeTot KW eRkayeBlsgry

eBl 40 f nigcugeRkaybgs; 50 feRkaysg dak;mYy elIkcMnYn 40
K>Rk kg 1 hikta edaylayCamYyCIRtaM KWeKykCIGacm_man; bkak
sENkesog mkRtaMCamYyTwkenam[rlYy ehIyeKykTwkCIenaH 1 lIRt
layCamYyTwkFmta 15-20 lIRt .
bBaak; dMNaMRbePTenHvaRtUvkarCIRtaMya:gxaMgBiessRbePTCI
Gacm_man;RBmTaMgCIGacm_eKa Gacm_RkbI .l.

11

RCMdIryeBl 1 fedIm,I[dIst ehIyeRkayBIRCMeTA TukmYyfedIm,I[

esAcRggab;RBmTaMg[dImanbnkxl;RKb; RKan;eTIbeKeRsacTwk nigcak;
CIbMb:n . karRCMeRCaydIelIkTI 2 KWeFVIeLIgenAeRkayeBlsab b sgry
eBl 30 f KWeRbIkUncbmux tUckab;RCMrak;bMputmuxelI eRkaymkeKhal
dIenaHryeBlmYyf edIm,I[dIst RBmTaMgRbmUlykesAecj eRkay
mkeKeRsacTwk [eCaKxaMg . kgdMNak;kalenHeKRCM ehIyRtUvBUndITaMg
enaH[CitKl;Fana[bsEdlcuHecjBIKl;EpkxagelImanlTPaBTTYlyk
CICati eFVI[edImxat;NarIkFM .
5> kareRCIserIsCI
- muneBldaM RtUvRTab;)atCIkMbu:s b CIFmCatidUcCaGacm_eKa Gacm_
man;cMnYn 20-25 etan kgmYyhikta layCamYyCI 15>15>15 cMnYn
200 K>Rk b CI DAP cMnYn 150 K>Rk )aceTAelIrgnImYyehIyras;lub
[CITaMgenaHkb;eTAkgdI .
- kareRsacCIbMb:n 1 KWCIGuyer: 46 % cMnYn 50 K>Rk kg 1 h>t
edaylayCamYyTwkeRsaceRkaysgryeBl 7 f b eRkaysabry
eBl 15 f krNIdaMedaysabRKab;pal; 15 f
- kardak;CIbMb:nelIkTI 2 RbePTCI 15>15>15 cMnYn 200 K>Rk kg
1 h>t dak;tamcenaHCYrnedImxat;NaeRkayBIsg ryeBl 30
fKWcMeBlRCMelIkTI 2 dak;CIeRkayeBlRCM nigRbmUlesAehIy eRkayBI
dak;RtUveRsacTwkeGayeCaK .

13

14

2> GMBIstVlitsMxan;
- dgvkat;edIm cUlcitsuIbMpajedaykat;edIm ehIyRCk;BYnenA
kgdIBNetatRkem:A manRbEvgBI 42-48 m>m .
- dgvhVg vasuIkat;swkrukCatiRKb;RbePTvtmanEdleFVI[eRKaH
fak;BIExmkra-Exmina emGMe)ABgdak;eRkamswkCa kBaM 25-500 Bg
ehIymans,RKbkarBarBIelI . vaGacmanGayukalsrubBI 30-61 f
edayrab;bBalBIBgkUndgv dgv eBjvy dwkeDO nigemGMe)A .
- dgvmUrswk vaeBjvyenAeBlvamanRbEvg 32-36 m>m BN
btgxI BgCarayBI 5-10 BgenAelIRtYyxIkar suIbMpajeRcInEtdac;EKm
swk nigRCkenAkgmUrswkEdlvasuIbkeFVICMrkrbs;vaenAeBlf .
- dgveyaleTag dgvRbePTenHeKcat;CaRbePTstVlitbMpaj
Fn;FrenAelIBiPBelak elIGMbUrdMNaM Crucifers . vamanGayukalsrub
13-22 f . karsuIbMpajedaybkykRsTab;BNexovedayTukPas
eGBIEDmnekasikarukCati .
- stVTaKU stVRbePTenHemcMNas;mansabrwgPWrelagtUcelat
behIrCaBiessKWrelagminCab;faMeBleyIg)aj;.

GMBICmW nigstVlit
1> GMBICmWsMxan;
dMNaMRbePTenH eRcInrgkarbMpaj edyCmWeRcInRbePTdUcCa
- CmW Fusarium wilt EdlEtgekItenAelIkUndMNaMtUc CaBiess
eFVI[rlYybs nigKl;CamYynwgCmW Stem Root EdlGaceFVI[kUnxat;Na
rlYyya:geRcInBiessenAeBlmanePgFak; bsMeNImdIx<s; .
- CmW Alternaria Leaf spot of Chinese Kale CmWRbePT
enHEtgeFVI[swkxat;NamanBNelOgTuMTaMgmUlERbBI BNbtgeTABN
elOgTuMya:grhs .
- CmW While spot of Chinese Kale CmWRbePTenHbMpajelI
dMNaMswkCaeRcInenAkgRkum Brassica olera ceae KWeFVI[swkrmUreLIg
elICmWRbePTenHekItenAeBlGakasFatuekAxaMg .
- CmWTaMgenHGackarBar)anedayeRbIviFIsaRsekStsaRsRtUvhal
dI[stmunsabRKab;BUC bsgbnykareRsacTwk kareFVIdMbUlRKbBIelIenA
rdUvekA nigkareRbIfaMsmab;stVlitdUcCa Captan or orthocide Maneb
M.45 Zine M45 layCa mYyTwk)aj;kRmit 20-30 Rkam layTwk 1517 lIRt kg 1 GaTiRt 2 dg .
IV.

16

karRbmUlpl
eKGacRbmUlpl)aneRkayeBldaMryeBl 55-60 f KWenAeBl
vaCitecjpa becjpaRkBuMtUceBlenaHedImrIke)a:g FM KWeKkat;edImEpk
xagelIdIRtwm 4-5 s>m ehIykat;swk 3-4 ecalEpkxageRkayeday
TukswkxIcMnYn 5-6snwksRmab; briePaK . CaTUeTA 1 hikta[plBI 2022 etanCamFm .
V.

15

-RkumcUlcitsuIbMpajBYks<ekab xat;NapaCaedIm rIdMNak;kal

Cadgv Kwvars;enAkgdI ehIysuIbMpajbsdMNaMRbePTdUc xag elIkarbMpaj
rbs;em cMNas;KWGucswk[FHrTuH eFVI[dMNaMlUtlas;yWt . stVlit
RbePTenHBi)akkMcat;edayvamanRbBn karBar .
viFankarkarBar nigkMcat;
- karRBacfaM Furadan muneBldaM kareRCIserIsrdUvdaMduHkardaMdMNaM
qas;BiessBYkdMNaM Craminea dUcCaeBat RsUv .l. karkMcat;esA[sat
kgcMkar kar)aj;faMRbePT (Baccillus Thuri-ngieniss) dUcCa Zandor
kRmit 30 Rkam layCa mYyfaM Methy phosphate cMnYn 30 CC . kg
karbMpajxaMgeKlayCamYyemSA Carbary 20 RkamkgTwk 20 lIRt .
eRkA BIenaHnUvmanfaMRbePT xaMgdUcCa Pegasus, Atabron, Trigad, b
Vertimex kRmiteRbI 20 CC layCamYyTwk 15-18 lIRt )aj;enAeBl
lacRtCak; cMeBaHdgveyaleTag .