BITS Pilani

BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus

Mr. Sada Siva Rao Myneni

Computer Science & Information Systems Group
BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus
sadasiva@hyderabad.bits-pilani.ac.in

BITS Pilani
Hyderabad Campus

Object Oriented Programming

I Semester 2014-2015

Todays Agenda

Encapsulation.

CS/IS F213 OOP First Semester 2014-15

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Method

What is a method?
If we write a function in a class,we can call it as method.

What is the purpose of method?

Purpose is to perform some task.

Syntax:
returntype methodname()
{
//method body
}

CS/IS F213 OOP First Semester 2014-15

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Method [1]

Method Header or Method prototype: It contains

Return type
Method name
Method Parameters

Method Signature: It contains

Method name

Method Parameters

CS/IS F213 OOP First Semester 2014-15

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Method [2]
1. Instance Methods.

Methods
2. Static Methods.

1. Instance Method:
Defining /writing any method in a class, we can call it as instance
method.
- How we can call instance method?
Using object name.
Syntax: objectname.method();
v1.calc();
- To call instance method, we should create an object.

CS/IS F213 OOP First Semester 2014-15

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Method [3]
2. Static Method:
Defining/writing a method with the keyword static, we can call it as
static method.
- How we can call static method?
Using classname
Syntax: classname.methodname();
Ex: Sample.m1();
- Limitation of static method:
static void m1()
{
// cant access instance variables/methods
}
- what static method can access?
static variables/methods
local variables
CS/IS F213 OOP First Semester 2014-15

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Method [4]
Reason for not accessing instance variables in static methods:

First when class is loaded, for all static variables/methods/blocks, memory will
be allocated in the method area.
Later, objects/instance will be created in the heap area.
So, later part [objects/heap area] cant be accessed in prior part [method
area].
But prior part [method area] can be accessed in later part [objects/heap area].

CS/IS F213 OOP First Semester 2014-15

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Example:
Keyword

Class
body

class ABC
User defined classname
Pre-defined classname
{
public static void main(String []a)
{
System.out.println(hello);
}

Class name
Method
Method Prototype
}
Variable in
System class

Suppose we have saved above program with ABC.java

CS/IS F213 OOP First Semester 2014-15

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Compilation & Execution process

of JAVA

ABC.java

Java
Compiler

Byte code
ABC.class

Machine
Independent

JVM

Machine
code

Machine
Dependent

What is the responsibilitty of JVM?

It takes .class file and converts each byte code instruction into the
machine code with respective to individual OS
CS/IS F213 OOP First Semester 2014-15

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus

Example for class:

Keyword

Class
body

class Employee
User defined classname
{
int eid;
Instance variables
String ename;
double esal;
Static variable
static int empcount;
void displayEmpDetails()
{
System.out.println(eid+ +ename);
Instance method
}
static void dispEmpCount()
{
System.out.println(empcount); //eid,ename,esal cant be accessed
Static method
}
}
CS/IS F213 OOP First Semester 2014-15

BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus