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    Muhammad Shahid Bilal
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    The digestive system extends from the mouth to the anus. It includes the alimentary canal and associated organs. In the mouth, lips and teeth break down food while the tongue manipulates it and saliva aids digestion. The esophagus transports food to the stomach, which contains enzymes to further break it down. In ruminants, the complex stomach includes four chambers: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. The small intestine continues digestion and absorption of nutrients while the large intestine absorbs water before waste is excreted through the anus.

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    The digestive system extends from the mouth to the anus. It includes the alimentary canal and associated organs. In the mouth, lips and teeth break down food while the tongue manipulates it and saliva aids digestion. The esophagus transports food to the stomach, which contains enzymes to further break it down. In ruminants, the complex stomach includes four chambers: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. The small intestine continues digestion and absorption of nutrients while the large intestine absorbs water before waste is excreted through the anus.

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    28 views30 pages

    Digestive System PDF

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Shahid Bilal
    The digestive system extends from the mouth to the anus. It includes the alimentary canal and associated organs. In the mouth, lips and teeth break down food while the tongue manipulates it and saliva aids digestion. The esophagus transports food to the stomach, which contains enzymes to further break it down. In ruminants, the complex stomach includes four chambers: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. The small intestine continues digestion and absorption of nutrients while the large intestine absorbs water before waste is excreted through the anus.

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    of 30

    DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

    02-04-2013

    DIGESTIVE YSTEM
    Alimentary canal ------ Mouth to Anus

    Mouth an& Pharynx


    Esophagus & Stomach
    Small intestine
    Large intestine
    Anal canal

    Mouth & Pharynx


    Oral Cavity (cavum oris)
    Functions
    Mouth (0s)
    lips
    Oral cavity and its walls
    Tongue & teeth
    Salivary glands

    The degree to which the mouth opens varies b/w species


    depending on feeding habits

    Oral cavity
    Vestibule
    Labial
    Buccal

    Proper oral cavity

    Lips
    Function
    The form of the lips is determined by diet & feeding habits
    Philtrum
    Nasolabial plate ----- ox

    Palate (palatum)
    Hard
    Series of transverse ridges
    Papillae on ridges in ruminants
    Incisive papilla

    Soft
    Ventral surface ----- oral mucosa
    Dorsal surface ------ respiratory mucosa

    Tongue (lingua, glossa)


    Function
    Apex
    Body
    Frenulum

    Root
    Lingual fossa
    Cartilago dorsi linguae
    Intrinsic & extrinsic
    musculature

    Papillae
    Local modifications of lingual mucosa
    Distribution, size, number & form are characteristics of each
    species
    Mechanical papillae (More in number than Gustatory)
    Filliform (Smallest & Most numerous)
    Conical (Largest & Less frequent)
    Marginal (newborn carnivores and piglets)

    Gustatory papillae
    Fungiform
    Vallate
    Foliate

    Salivary gland
    Minor
    Mucosa of lips, cheeks, tongue, palate & sublingual oral
    floor
    Buccal ----- ox
    Mucous secretion

    Major
    Parotid, Sublingual & Mandibular
    Serous & Seromucous

    Daily saliva prod.


    H= 40 L
    OX= 110 180 L

    Oesophagus
    Tube b/w Pharynx & Stomach
    Cervical, Thoracic & Abdominal portions
    Cardiac sphincter

    STOMACH (gaster, ventriculus)


    Interposed b/w esophagus and SI
    Form (Compartments)
    Simple
    Compound / Complex

    Cont.
    Mucosal characteristics:
    Glandular
    Composite

    Simple glandular: dogs & cats


    Simple composite: horse & pig
    Complex composite: ruminants

    Simple composite stomach


    Sac shaped dilation

    Cardiac portion
    Fundus
    Body
    Pyloric portion
    Visceral & parietal surfaces
    Greater & lesser curvature

    Horse gastric capacity = 5-15 L


    Well developed cardiac sphincter & oblique
    entrance of esophagus into the stomach

    Blood supply
    Coeliac artery
    Left gastric artery
    Hepatic artery
    Splenic artery

    COMPOUND/COMPLEX STOMACH
    RUMEN

    RETICULUM
    OMASUM

    ABOMASUM

    BLOOD SUPPLY
    Branches of Coeliac artery
    left & right ruminal artery
    Gastric & gastroepiploic arteries

    INTESTINE
    LENGTH (Times the body length)
    CARNIVORES = 5
    EQUINES = 10
    RUMINANTS = 20-25

    OX

    PANCREAS HORSE

    quadrilateral in form, and


    lies almost
    entirely to the right of the
    median Plane

    PANCREAS OX

    LIVER- OX

    LIVER- HORSE

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