PROCESS IN SCIENCE

FORM 1

Chapter 2: Cell as a Unit of Life

1. Sequence of cell organisation
Cells Tissues Organs Systems Organism

FORM 2

Chapter 1: The World through Our Senses

1. Pathway of nerve impulses from stimulus to response
(nerve
impulses)

2.
3.
4.
5.

(nerve
(nerve
impulses) impulses)

(nerve
impulses)

Stimulus Receptors in Nerves Brain Nerves Effectors Response

Sensory Organs
Pathway of smell detection
Chemicals enter the nasal cavity Chemicals dissolve in mucus and stimulate smell
receptors Impulses sent to the brain Brain interprets the impulses Smell identified
Pathway of taste detection
Chemicals in food dissolve in saliva Chemicals in the food stimulate taste receptors
Impulses sent to brain Brain identifies taste Taste identified
Pathway of sound in the hearing mechanism
Sound Waves Ear Pinna Auditory Canal Eardrum Ossicles Oval Window
Cochlea Auditory Nerve Brain
Pathway of light through the eye
Object Reflects Light Cornea Aqueous Humour Pupil Eye Lens Vitreous
Humour Retina Optic Nerve Brain

Chapter 2: Nutrition
1. Movement of food in the alimentary canal
Mouth Oesophagus Stomach Duodenum Small Intestine Large Intestine
Rectum Anus
2. Digestion of starch
(amylase
enzyme)

(maltase
enzyme)

Starch Maltose Glucose

3. Digestion of proteins
(protease
enzyme)

(protease
enzyme)

Protein Polypeptides Amino Acids

4. Digestion of fats
(lipase
enzyme)

Fat Fatty Acid and Glycerol

Chapter 5: Water and Solution
1. Process of water treatment
Screening Aeration Coagulation Sedimentation Filtration Chlorination and
Fluoridation Storage Service Reservoir
2. Places takes place during water treatment process

Reservoir Screening Tank Pump House Aeration System Coagulation Tank

Sedimentation Tank Filter Tank Chlorination and Fluorination Tank Clean Water
Tank Pump House Supply Reservoir Homes

FORM 3

Chapter 1: Respiration
1. Passage of air
Nostrils Nasal Cavity Trachea Bronchi Bronchiole Alveolus Body Cells

Chapter 2: Blood Circulation and Transport

1. Flow of blood (Right side of the heart, deoxygenated blood)
Vena Cava (blood from body) Right Atrium Tricuspid Valve Right Ventricle
Semilunar Valves Pulmonary Artery (blood to lungs)
2. Flow of blood (Left side of the heart, oxygenated blood)
Pulmonary Veins Left Atrium Bicuspid Valve Left Ventricle Semilunar Valves
Aorta (blood to body)

Chapter 3: Excretion
1. Process of the dialysis machine
Patients blood is pumped into a dialysis machine through artery The blood goes into
semipermeable tubing The waste products dilute into salt solution and removed from the
machine Cleaned blood flows back into the artery of the body

Chapter 4: Reproduction
1. Menstrual cycle
Menstruation Phase Repair Phase Fertile Phase Premenstrual Phase
2. Stage from ovulation to implantation
Ovulation Fertilisation of gametes to form a zygote Repeated cell division of zygote
A ball of cells forms after several hours Repeated cell division to form an embryo
Implantation of embryo
3. In vitro fertilisation
Ovary is stimulated by hormone therapy to produce ovum Ova retrieved from the ovary
Sperm from the husband is obtained Fertilisation of ova by sperms occurred in a glass
dish containing nutrients and oxygen Fertilised ova develop into an embryo The
embryo develops into a foetus Embryo is implanted into the lining of the uterus
4. Fertilisation of plants
Pollen grains land on the stigma Pollen tube grows out from the pollen Pollen tube
grows down through the style Pollen tube reaches the ovary Male gamete moves into
the ovule to fertilise the ovule
5. Physical changes of seedlings

Testa of seed splits Radicle grows downwards Cotyledon shrivel and drop off
Plumule grows out Leaves emerge
6. Stem cutting process
Cutting a piece of branch or twig cut off from the parent plants Cutting is cut so that it
includes a node near its base Roots develop from the node
7. Tissue culture
Remove a small amount of tissues from the parent plant Grow the tissues in a suitable
culture medium Development of tissues into embryo Cloned plant is produced

Chapter 5: Growth
1. Growth rate
Infancy Childhood Adolescence Adulthood Old age