Wd"x U U

dOM dO$

sW a} W#W UOLOz wU
VOW WLWz W WuW

UAOU
d}$W eU w"W Uz Wd"x U U
U!
www.araspublisher.com

U!|Wz
X WMO! W!U
2

X WMO! W!U U*|Wz V}" U

u% qO$W wU' wMW!
u rOdOz UM dOz w W$
w+U' W!u u" }
U! Uz d"x
VOW WLWz W Wu wUM}
bWA+W U'W a} UJ W wUM}
W!W! bW!Wu W wOuM
oO$U)bW eW U b}$ XO
UWH$bW wHu$ qOUL*Oz v+W' d} dWW
uLW! ULUz U wOWW
d}$W W w WU%U W"W wU
wU U! d}$W W$ Wu dOM wOA wOWWu|W WU%}" W$
v

U!|Wz
X WMO! W!U
u% qO$W wU' wMW!
u rOdOz UM dOz w W$
u" }

w%U& W'u

W?? ?? ? ?!W?? ?G? ? ?}W? u X? U w?U

U??M? w??+U? u?? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? U?
U??zu?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?+W?? g??W??z u?? a??W?? W??
U?? ? ? ? OU?? ? ? ? W? d?? ? ? ?O? W?? ? ? ? HU?? ? ? ? !
U? X?A? ? ? ? ? W?$ U?? ? ? ? O?U?? ? ? ? ?d?? ? ? ? O? W?? ? ? ? "
W?? ? ? $ b?W?W U?? ? ? !W? w?U?? ? ?
? w??u?M?!W?? ? ? ? ? ? ?! W?? ? ? ? ? ? ?" W?e?? U?
W??U?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?! W??z ?? X??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? U?? W??J?u??
W?U??~?}? W?? ? ? ? ? ? ? W?$ d?? ? ? ? ? ? "W?? X?W?J? }?
WU U~?}? u u?"W U???*|Wz W UW?? lU?+ U????!U?! u?!W?' w??W
U~}?? WU??" U??LJe? W?? WW??! W$ W??" u??? AW?? U W?? W ?? s! W??$W??
U!Uz W?| UOU? dO U bAWz W?W$ WU X U?u" W$ U" W W?$W
wU?"W?U? WU?W WL?}z wU?L??A?O W?" WO?O U?!u? W$ O ?}?! W$ W?A gWz
dW wUU!U! W" WdW U~} u X wMOUz dO bWW! U!W
WL?}z WW$ X wuu?" WM Wz wWM WW$ uW Wz U?!Uz eOW wd?}z u"
sdW r?} W??WW?! W UW? U?OW?W$ X}?W?" U vU?" W WJ ?}uu? U
wWU?W?" bMWz 4}W? U? u?" u?}z W?" WW! U?O?! WWM~W U?"
5M}?*W?*? O? Wz W??L? }z wW??" W??O? O U??OWM? O W??" WUu?? W??*? + WMW? W$ sU??
W~W? u d??O? WMOUz W?z ??"W??! U?? ? u??" W?? Ou??" W?? "W??? }? ?? " u u?? " X
WM|W? u W$ b U? X|WU WUU??!U! Wz u?!W WM| Wd?' U!WM|u?
uW W" W+U X W" se v W"WU WWz
??}? d wU??"WM?W u??"W? U??!W??? ?O? ? w?? }? W$ u U? wJ|U??O? U X
U W?? O? ? O Wz wK?O$ Wz w?? ? ?? } gW?M W U?? ?L? ?? ?u?? ! wu w?? ?O? ?W?? !
X} X W"W!WG}
wU?!U?+W?! b? wMOUz W?$ W?O?" w$u U???!U! W?" U??*|Wz wW WU?"W?W
W?H?O$W? WWu b?!W?$U? Wu?+ u W$ WWz W?! W??!W?G?} UW$ u? W?" bW wM
wU?? d?? W?? W?? !W?G? } wUW?? d UU X?W W Wz W~}??
wMOAM}? WWu UW wU?"WHO$W? u W W" X wW d?
W?!W? bUJO? W$ W?"?!Wz u?" wMOUz w?J}u? WWz X}d?" wU??' gWz vU?" W
u ? e|W Wz w!U?+W! U d?" 5W UbU~} W?HO$W? u}? W W"
6

W'uWz W UW
U } WM|u
u U/d??OUU U~??A?O W??" W? WM?W U bJ} W$ u??" W?L? }z W U?!u??!W
W? WW U dO W?+u! W?UL?A?O W$ u" w"U?M|u? WW W WU? W
d}?AL W W"d?O wd} wWWz W U? UOMOA} wW W$ e?OW
U/U? w 5Uz p} U? wWu?Ou w~WW?' uUz U?!W? bW ?" WK$u?
U??"W??u??" U??"WU??? *|u??" W$ W? u??" w??"W d??O w W 4?}W?? W??W
w? W?AW WMO?W WMO XW X e?|U bUdO U?O dO w~MO? U"b?u
WW w?* @WW?' w?"W w? d?|UzW W?" W?AW?L}?z wU?W w?"Wz WKW Wz
WM?|u?? W?$ v"W sW?? " du?? ? ?Wz W?? "WW? d Wz wW? U?? 5?J?? } u?? "
U UU? wMOUz WM|W! U b?" wU W$ u" W?" d}z wWKKO! wU?"W"
wU?L?Uz w?}??" u?" W?" W?U??*|Wz wW?+u?! d?O W?!U u bd??}z w W$ W?O?OW?!
W?" gW??"?!Wz U u wU??L?Uz wU?"WMO?Uz w+U wW?!u? e?| U~}? U?! w?? wW?
X|dO? v$ e| wL u}?W W}?" Wz U?W uW} b?!*Oz wM wMU W?W W bW
W?? ?W$ U? wU?? ?L? ? Uz w??? ?Oz w?M u?? ?" X w?M d?? ?}z w?OW?M wu?U?? ?+ w}?W
WW wWOOL W!u U~} ULu! uW wOW! wU"WMOUz
U??? *|Wz W??O? OW u??" X w??}? ?" U? uMO?? W??" U Wz W??W$ ?? s!
WM| U"W| +d}z d}z wUu" W$ WW"U*}z UMW!W
u WW qbW! W! qbW+ W
wIO+W 5W" WW w%} U*|Wz
u?" W?W? wU??W WW?+ W?W W sd?' bu?" wWz d?F?O? W$ WU?!Wz Wu/
sU
wJ}d}?Wz u" WUW UW W?" u" } W?! W dOU lU?+ bL?! a} U?!U!
wU?! W? d?| wU?"d?F?O? u d?O?~}? bU??u?" wW?z @WW?' wU?L?Uz W?$ b~Md
X wMOUzW UW WWL}z dO wULA?O wU"|u 5 Uu" wJW wW!"
wWu!W' U*|Wz dO w}"
W?U?? ? ?? ? ? ?*?|Wz W?? ? ? " X w?? ? ? ?}? ? ? ? ? ? ?"
W?u?? ? ? ? w?W?? ? ? ? V?}? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ?" w?+U?
W?? ? ? ? ?W? W?? ? ? ? W?U? w?!W? U?? ? ? ? ?!W?
5

W" WW?+u! W}" Wz W?W W w}W +u b rOW?!U W! uWz uO

W??} dUz d?} W? U?' X W$ u?}? J W$ WW wW?!W U? W bW
U!W r?J}W!e W?L}z w? WuW" u U? wd}z u?" wUM! W+ ? W+
wWOU?U wbM?Wz v bU gW!Wz X}d" U?u" w?Ud| w~WW' ?}!
wM*?%A}? sW 'U U W? UU W$ }?! W$ W" u" w"U?M|u WW
u?? W?O? O? "W?A? } W$ bU?? U??!W W$ sJ??} bU??N? O? wW?? w~W?W?' w}??"W???}? " W$
W$ W U??u?" WU u W$ W?" WU?Od?O?M U?u?! bW?W?! W?JM Wz wU?dW
Wd?"" WWJ p}?W? WW UOU?J} UMbUJ*?Oz wUJd?!Wz wUWz wU
u?? ? "W?? ! WM?|u?? W?MO?? u ?? }? W? u??" ?? }? ?! u???$u??" w?MO?? u
WJ dbW!W ULAO WU%}" WJ UU wJ}W!e Uu" w"W

w+U' W!ue+W
w~U! wO"

WUW$ u u?" X ?} W u UW$U WW wu W?" bW WWz W

Uu?!W b??O?? W$ U??*?uK U??*?O? u??!U W$ u d v"W Wz X?} v"W v!
u X U?*"u 5 wU?"uM UW bW! wd}z wU?"WU W W$ WUO?+W
w!U??+W?! d?}?u?" UW W?? Wu?! WU??" W$ W?" U U??OU?U?? wU?" U W? U W$ W
5MOU U dOz U wWu! Wu!
U X wM wW wWuOu u b?LB$b bO U!W w" w?}" W$ u"
d?" UW? UU?Lu?u?!W U bU?!W wU?"W?U? W$ w~U?! w?" w!WW? W?
wU"WOO? W wU" W$ bWz sLd$b a} UW w$U? wWIW wWUA! W$ v"W
u" U!W
U"W?OO? d"W wWu?Ou u u W"U W?" b w}?" W$ bL?B$b b?O
bu w"U U!W wU"WU W$ u U W! Uu+
b? ?}! W$ W?L?d$ W?OK wU??u" W?! b?L??! a} W?K$XUz U U??!U?! U
W *?OzW W U!W WU g?UA UW?! UW Wz wW! W? W" wWu?Ou
W?" WK$b?O?? U??u? W?" ZO?W U?uzU?" W uU U? b??d?O W$ W 5 u?"
WW$ u?AW uz W" WKW WU WuU u *Oz w?uW WU!WM e W$
d?? v$ e?| gW?? "U?? ? ?*? ?}z W? W d?? " W?? ! w?!WWM?W W?? !W U?? w?JW??
u wuz W" w!U+W! WW"WU wULuu! wJW w*W
u U? WA}W U?"WO?O!W W?" u v!U+W?! U" U?" Uuz U?" uz W"
w"U Uu?+ u?" wU?U w?Ud?OW d gW?z uz W" W?$ W"W?A W?" U?uz UW
U! W?" WW wJ}WW gW!Wz W" Wd?" UOuz W" WWW W" U?*}z u U
WW UOU? dO W! e?+W U W$ W?" d"W U U?*}z U WW$ dW? d" v$
U~!Uz d?u W?"U? W?W$ WU?! e?+W? w?}?! W?+ w+bW? wW?+ W$ W?"?
sd??' W??"WU W$ W??" WW??HU Wz Wz U??? ! WW W gW??!Wz wW??d??O
W?O?O?? wd?O w??" wJ|W?! W ge?+W? wW?d?O W?! Wz W??" rMW? u?!WW
U$Wz U w"W?z U bUu" wU"WU W?$ d W UOU dO W" X}?M}*W U!
wW b?OM|uW W UW W?" uU WU w"WWd?" gW!Wz
WWJ w WWW!
u?? w?J}??? }? ?? "W U??O? u??" ??}? ! X w?MOUz W?$ WMOJ?}$ ??} W?M|u??
wU?!W d?O U??*|Wz w?}? W" U?!? w"W? w?Wz w?WW?! W$ W?L?}z WW U
u?" wW!W W$ U? W?" WWz w! W$ W U u X*u?} W WU? WOu?"
WJ U!Uz wu"W Wz
7

wU??"WW?! WU??!W V}???" W W?? U?? *|Wz W??UW b?O? UMAd??}z wbW??! W$ W?"??!Wz
U wUU w?!WW?+W wU?OU?? Oz w W?*W?' w*?O?K~MOz wU?LU?z u?" wUWz
U~W WU?~| W$ X|W?N?O? W?" W d??Oz W??L?}z w?W W?uW?" WWU wU??UMW
Dar- d??? ?*? ! Kanga U~U??" W??*?+W? W?" O? d?? Oz WW?z wM|uM|W w??*u??} X|d?~W
U"U Wz wUW mesteter
w?" b?O?U? ZM} XW? wW??!W W$ wMO wU??! w~U?! W$ W?" U~U??" ud?O
wMO wU? W?$ W?" d???*?! uW w~Uu?} Uz wU?UM?W UW$ d?" w
WM?W?? ?" wU?? ?"WW? w"WU?? ?! U? W U?? ?A? ? OU? WU~? wu? d?? " w? w?? ?"
W$ U??? *|Wz UMW??! wWu? WuU??W W$ v"W W??!u??? *?O u? WU v wU??"d??u
Wb} w WJKU wd! wbUW W~WW' Wz 5e U Wu U~U" w~WW'
UW wJ?}?!WW wMO w?U? U??bM?O wU?"W?O? U W$ U~U?" w' w?z w'U?"
U wU?*|Wz u}?W W" d?" U wW?!W U W$ w*O?K~MOz wd? wU*|Wz w?~WW'
w} n?$Wz W??W$ W?UW W??? ?}$ U??? *?|Wz wMO? w' W??" Wz w?W??" d??u d?? O s
X}U wU??*|Wz wM?Ou u?}? W? W?"dU?" +U s! d??Oz W?O?O UMUz gOU??*|Wz
Wd" x U u} W wJ}~WW' uU
W" WW Wz W WWd"x U dW UMW Wub?} UW W" WU}" Wz
w~W?W??' d?? " aW??! U?? OM! W??"W?MO??u? uU W u?? O? u U?? ? *|W?z W??W$ ??
W?"WM|u wWU W?" d?4U Uz W!u?$Wz w~WW?' u}? W$ WJ}?}?" U~U?" wU?*|Wz
dU U ud?O wW?!UW U~U?" W$ W~?} dU w~WW?' wWU W?+W W U~U?"
d?? ? " x U w?U?? ?? ? ?*|W?z w*?? ? OK?~M?Oz wJ?}~?WW?? ? ' wM?O w?U?? ? Dahabar
d??" w w??" w?MO d??? !U??* W???W UW wU?? W??" W??"W?JU
wWuOu U W~WW' Wz wJ}WU
w~WW?' WUW gackson u*?"W Geiger d~O w?U"du W$ W~WW?' Wz wU
ud rJW" ubOUW U~U" UUz W" Bartholomae W*uU w" wd}z
v U~?U?" w*?OK~?MOz wd?u?? wU??*|W?z w~WW?' W?" X?|W?" U?! WU?? W$
X} p}!WW
wU"WU? u}W$ U~U" W WO?O wU W$WuWW WW W$ W?!WW Wz WW
W?" uU wJ|ud?O U~U" w' wz w?U?" Wd"x U w?W?!W W$ wMO
WU?}?" Wz W W bU?bMO? wW?!W U W$ dW?' W! W?d}?' W$ U q U?!
W s?! W$ Uu?? !W wd?? u?? w?U??!W? U??? ?*|Wz w?W?? dW?? W d? U UM W?? "
pU?! udO W?W$ W?"U vU d" w w?" U?*?}z Wz WW?Wz d v$ Uu?
10

p}
qOK W?WU U wU??J} WW ??} wWM|u?? w? Wu???AW?? W?" W?? ' Wz
w?O$" U U~?* W$ W" vU?" U?*}?z W$ W U bW Wd?" " wUW?HWz u?%?
d?? }? ?? *? ?U?? ! WK? wu wU?? " W$ u? UMU?z e|W Wz W?? W$ W? W U?? OWz
bM|u Wz W?" Wu bM! W$ WuO Wz W?WW U wJ}d?! W" rAW~} ?"
wWWW w~WW' WUJ UU? wJ}W!e X|d~W U~W bOUu?Ad}z wU W$ vu
WMW Wz wUd|
bU??"U??? W$ Ue|W W?z wU?+W??! U?"U W??!W$ W ??} wWM|u?? W?O? O b??} wU?!u??
W$ gWz uW uN}? WU W s! uO s! wMAW~} W" Wz b?OU WbM|u
W U?O? ? W? v WU??! v wuU?W? W$ W?" bW b?O? WU? bW W$ bJ?}U?"
v WU" XW X wU W?!U!W Wd" UU?*|Wz dO w}" wUu?Ad}z U"
sd~ WUu!WU W W W" W" uA} wuU"W X W$ s! W U W"
UJd??!Wz W$ U w W?$ pd?' W??O?O? ??W W?" sU??Uz UW? X wbMWz W??"U
W$ W?? " XdJ?*M w?U??! W W?KW ?? " wU?? ' U??? ?*|W?z wbM|u?? W b?d??}z U?Wz
U W?"LOzW U W?A} W!W$ U? ZM} X*O W$ sJW WW?L}z w" wU?" WU!WM
u UM?Uz W U??! Wz W??W$ u??" U? W??" U?"U?~??* wU??OU?u??+ W$ W??" W
d}' U?OOUu+W u?}W WUU! Wz bU"U~?* UW$ U U~} u v W$ gU?*}z
s|d"
WuU?W Wz W?Wz u U!e wU?!W U?*|Wz X?} vuU W?" d?Oz W?"U?*?}z
W??U?? U~}?? WM? WMO?J}$ UW W?W??% WU??F?b??Oz Wz u??? v$ U??O? ? U?~| W??"
W W?" WOO?" W? dW WWz w!WW WMO?+W? w?* wUU UWU?W
' bU Wz
Xd?J*M ?? " wU U?? ? *?|Wz u??" w?UUz wU?? "W?? " WU??! W?? " s u?? !W
d??u?? + d??? O? wMO? wU w?U??"WU??! W$ U??? ?"W sU??N? O? ? wU??"W??" W? sd
U v w?}" b?W wUM}N?A}W su W?" U!u? WU!u? uUW Wz d??W
Wz wW U?*}z w$W?WW?" Wz bJ}U W$ UUu?Ad}z d! WW?% U W
U??bMO dJ? WWz WJu ?' WMO?+W?? wUU WW$ b?A?}W$ uW?"
5UMUz W Wz w~WW' WW$ uW UOd}z eOW WU!WW Wz wW W*W'
du U W wU UMW wW W"W UW W$ WuUW Wz U
9

wW u
ud}' W$ wMOUz w* bMO wU"WO?U W$ W" v u u W$ W" bW!W" U! W$
u U?"u? Ud Wz u d qO?J U??!U?! u? Wz W WW$ v"W W?"
dW? wU wu? w~U! 5!W?N}? dOWz W$ wU?!d" VU?!Uu?
wU?? @U?? ! ? U XW U? bMO? u WU?? !d?? " W$ wM?O d?? ? ?!u
U!d" W
u?" W??!d?'Wu??! u?" UWu??! u?" W?LW? Wu?! u?" W?u?! u?" u???
W?!W? W!b?M w?~U! W?$ W wW?LW W$ Uu?+ W" W?u! u?" uU?Wu?!
u wW!W U M} U'W d" wU' wMO wuz dW wU
u??? ? u u?? U?? W$ Wu? w~U?? ! w!WW?? W W$ ?? s!
WW wMO?!W?W? uW wW?!W U? ZM}? U?$W WU?" W$ Kumana UU?!u?" d??Oz dW
s" W$ U?*}z W" W}?" Wz s! dOW WU u d qO?JMO U!U?! u
W UU wLW W!bOA!W? w$uO d u d W UW WM!
u??? W?" W?U?%?u?O? ! W?z WMu ??O U Wu??! Wz W??W$ s?! WU??" Wz s! w??
wU W?" Wz d" d qO?JWz d?}' U?*?|Wz b U w U?! b|W$
d?OW sLW u?W W?" UU!u?" dOz d?Wu? w"U u Uu d?" v$ W Wz
u wW!W U u UW bM UA} u uNW!
W wu?? ? U??!U?! W$ W?" Wz w wU?' wU?! W?" d qO?J
U?L} WUM?Ou Wz w$W? d?" W U v W$ U??*|Wz b w W?OO?uM
wU?! U W$ d q?O?J u??AW?W v ? U???!U?! wU?"W? W$ W?W W?" s}
WKOU?+u??! wJW? u?H?*?"W?z U~?* W$ UWz u? XA?}?N?}?W w?u? wMO
u?*? w U?bMO W$ W" u W?KW U*|Wz W?UuM W?}?" Wz wd?"WW
w~?U?? ! W? W$ U?? ?$Wz d?? " W?? ?W? U?? O?$u WU?? ?W?? !U? wU?? ?"W?? %? ? u W?? ?W$
wU??"WU??!W W?" ?? wuM?? w??}? ?" W U??? W W? f?U u wMO W??!
U??Wz fU U?? *?}z wWWW WU?W?!UW? u XdJ*M wU WK?W U??*|Wz
b U?W ?? U?? ? ?*|Wz ?? }? ? b?? OMO? wU?? W$ U?? $Wz W?? uW?z U
wMO wU?? W$ wA? d?" x? U b?W W$ Zand Avsta U?? *|Wz
d" w w"
dJ?K" dW?? W W?? "W U?? ? ?*|W?z W??+ U?Wz W$ W?? " U?? XW?? U?? ! Wz U?W$
x wMO w?U? wU?LUz d?" wd? qO?JWz U?? *|Wz b W?" Kleuker
d"

rO?u W?U?!Wz sd~ uW?W? W WU wJ}U U?! W? u? b?!W? W?" U~U??" w$bd?'
W W? W??"W??!WW u v?" se X'W U?U~U??" w~?WW??' U W??Wz u W?zWW$
W$ wU WO W" WWz r}Wz w$U?!d" u"W dOz WOO !W? U~} WM! W u}
5JW" wW wu+ uW v UOO W}$ u
v wW?MWz wU?? ! U??"W?? "u WW W?? " WW wJ?|uU??W? WU??!W?? W$ W
U*|Wzb } d wJ U?*|Wz } XOWz W" X}Wz wA
X}A}" bM! W d*!
U?OL?O" p?eO?' w}??" U U"W U? W? UW$ d U?*|Wz ?} W?U
WO}"d qOJ 5e U u U~} wJW W?"U*}z g}W!W$ U W W
W Wz U*|Wz }
UWz W?$ X d??O w?MW UW?? p}??? ?}? ? " b?? OMO w?U?? W$ U?? W?? "W
gWz W?" Wd?"x U tomashayde bU U?!u UW wU?OU?d wUMW w!WW?+W
ud?? " ??" w?W?? wd?? }z w! w?U wU?? "d?? u UW?? W$ W??"W?? !WW w?"U
WJKU? wJ| W?u?W u Ud WW?!U WuU?W W$ w"W d wU?" bW WWW$
WOO? V}" W$ 7AW~} wW! U?! wMO WU" u+ s! W?!WW Wz X} U U!WW
du 5 wU!W gW}" Wz

12

11

w*W??' Abraham Anquetil du Perron d qO??J? UdWz W??" d??" U??" Wz W

bU??"W?? O? U W??W$ W? Wd?? wU??? ?bMO U?~| W??!Wz WW?$ uUMUz X? wMOU?z W??W$
W$ u U u Lorient Uu$ bW W$ wMO WW' W$ d" }uu
d?" w w?W?" UW$ uWM} U~| wW? Wz WW$ u wW?!W U? W X?*O WU?"
PondicherydA?bu W?AW WU? Wz wuz @U! w!W W$ w~U?! W U gOzU?"W
d??' d|u??" ! U? W$U~W w?? O$W?? U??? bMO wW? wW??+ W$
v U?! W?OOW??!W wL|W wJ|bW W?" Surt u? bUW? ? wMO wKUz
WU! W$ wU U U
W W uW U? wA?? Wz W?W$ u?? UW W$ d U???!U?!
XA?U??? ?A ?? O wW?Mu?? u??}? ?W b?MO wU?? "W?? O? U? WJu? bUW~?} w!Wz u?
wWz W?O? LKO? UW$ W d?O? W?! wJ}d?O?! W??!Wz bWW ud?U UU?MWW?!
d wUMAU! wLKO u}W W" WOO wUF$Wz U*|Wz
u X wMOUz U wUWA?} W$ v"W U u? W" WOO U?!u W$
wW"W? W" u vW" gW?z u wU!d" w?U!Uu? W? W" U?bMO W$
U?O?} U?bMO u u? wU?A?}?"UW X wMOUz wW?u wbUW? U"W?O?U

r$u$W! v u W?U Wz w"d UO wUU? W$ bAWU" W" W?z WW$ d?*!

d" wU' bOU ZM} q wW!W W$ wMO wU W"
u U??bMO w W$ wMO WW?' U U WW?' W$ d??*?!
W"b?W WW$ u? UA?} u U?WWu wW?!W wMOAMO?U wU?"U
v$ Uu?A?} U?"W?O?U v W$ W? u X U?W wU wU?"W?W? u?? W$
wU?LUz Havg wU?OU?d West X u?" wU?UMW? W?W$ wW?" X}d?"W
W?$ u? U? d? wW?? ? ? ? " w?U?J?d?? ? ? ? !W?z gackson s?*?J? w*?W?? ? ? ? ' Menant U?M?!
d" v UU!Uz w d}W bUOU"du
}!W UW Wz U"|u WU W!$ W W?|WJ d*! u" rU W" W"
U?? ? *|W?z ??}? ?! X*W? WJu U?U W$ W?? "bW w?? *|u?W W u? U??? ?*|Wz w?? "
uW }!W WOW
UDeharleW$U U??*|WzW X|W?" UU U?"U W$ X| U?Od?}z W?" WWz
u?}? W$ W?U s?UU d w!WW W??'d?W??! v ?U? W?!WW W?z dW? d???? *?!
v W??*? + W??W?WUW W?z WW??% W Wz U? W??! wU??UU??? *?|Wz W??" W??
W W gWWz rU U U?OU"WUW W Wz s! WJu W"W s?! W!$ sW
wW? WJ}U?WJO w?UM}?? N? ? ? U?? NW? s! W?? WWJ d?? } b?? ? ?}$ W??W? !u
WUM} U UOU"WUWz
su? W" W?W bW9dO? bM|u? wW w?*b}? v u?!W W$ W W?L}?z w W"?!Wz
u W?? v Wu?U?W? Wz W Wz we??Oz d?~ U?? wd??OU d??O wd??O? !
U??* ? WM U?? ? !W??W W?J X W?? U?U W??!U W?? " WUW ?O W
wUU bM|u b}!uU
qO?$W?? WM?O? ? ?"U U? W???J} wW?? !U W?? ! wW? u?? b?? OU?? "W$ W??
UW W}M} U U~| b u%
UW we|x U
u rOdOz

U?? ? *?|Wz d?? ! W$ dU W?? WW?d WM|u?? Wz d?? ? ?Oz W?? " U r}?? U w?}
U~| Wz wU~WU?A?} W$ W?"WW W?z WOWW? Wz X|U v wW?U WO?O U wUu?
g}??" !W? wJO|W??U?! U???bMO w? W?W??!u$W W$ Wz W??'W? u WWK?W?
bMO w wU?"W?O?U wU W?" W?"WU? U?NW u??Wz W??}??" W$ gU??*?}z WMW?'Uz U~}?
wW UW W?|W?" d?' WW b?AWU? W$ wW?Wz W?$W? u? U~}? U?"
Wd? Mudi b?! W?"W?}??" W$ WW Wz 5e? WU+U?W vU X}d?" wU b|W$ W?"
U W
? w?? ? ? ? ? ?*? W?? ? ? ? ? U?M? w?*?W?? ? ? ? ? ?' w?U?M?W? Eugene Burnouf u?u?? u?z U?
wU?! W" XAW~} W?*W?' W wUU W u?" gWz W?! wUMU?*|Wz
U"bMO wW?! w}" WMWJ Wb?"W W$ v WU*|Wz wU?! WU!WM W$ XdJ*M
U WUM} u?A} w?" w u?}u W$ U?*|Wz u}? W Veda UW
U? UM?W w?!W? w?W w?MO? w?U?? ? W?$ w?J}?$W?? ? X?U? W?? ? W?$
d"x
u?? ? " Neryosang @?W?? ? u?d X?dJ?*M? wd?? ? ?"U?? ? !U?z ?? ? }? ? ? ?u U?
u wMO w!W W wUU W$ wU"WOU Wu! DhavelU
w WJ} U wd W"W!WW w~Wud wdJ*M w$W uu vU"
U?$W?z u?OWMu?? w?" wJ|??}? W$ W??O?O wU? wJ}W?UM? W?!W?W W?z W?"
u*O wu wWu! W$ W" WWWz
w?UM?U?? ? ? ? ? ? *?|Wz W?K?W w?U?U W?$ v?L? ? ? +U? w?U?? ? ? W?$ uu? w?U?? ? ?' U?
vW U? bU?? Iu?? U?? O? dW? W??Uz U?? W U?? " W bW?? ! WMU U?MdJ?*M
v | U!W"WU s UWW$ WWz W" 5A}
b??W v W$ ?? U?? *|Wz W??!W?W? W?" WJ?}?W??" WU??!Wz UW$ Darmesteter d??? ?*? !
Wz w*W?' wU?! W? W?}~? u U?Uz Wz d?" x wU?"WU?
U?W U? wU?M?U?? ? ?! W?? ? ?!W?z WW?$ W?KW? w? b?W w?W?d?? ? ?" u? v?? ? ?W?
U??NU?? ?}? wWu?u? d??" wW??' wMO? d?? !U???? w~?U?! W??" meillet W??O? !
W$U w"W? w U?!WM W?Ju WWW wJ|U?" d?" W$U w W$ W?" d???*?!
WOO X
W??W s X W??" u rJ|bW? d?? !W??" bU?"W??U?? bW XW w W?? u??}W$
w+U WM|u WW$ wWuOu Wz Wz uAWW v WbW Wz w"U" UU! W$ d*!
W|d WUMW! Wz WW WW gOU"U" w+U WOM|uU bU"WUU*|Wz

14

13

W?" W?JA?} d??O W?!U W?z wU?' wMO??u

WW? U?? "Uz U?? ? ? U?? "U u?? !W?W
UU?' W"U U?OMUUz W?"U UWd?"dO
sW?"W U?OUz W" WUz W?d! W W?"U
? W?? ? ? ? ? WW?? ? ? ?? ? w?U w?U?? ? !U?? ? ?
w$U?? ?!U?z WW? W u? Wz wu?? ?? ? ?A? ? O
U?? ? ? w?J?}U? U?d?? ? ? " d?? ? ? O? d?? ? ? U?z
s Wz W?? wu??? ?A? O ? WWW??? ?W
wJ}W
WWJA}
u% qOK
U

16

15

WMO! U" X* W$ pOUU wU"WJW

bOUNO U" X* W$ p} wU"WJW
wUWUW wUNO w"U wUNO wU"d" wU W$ pd*U! pU wU"WJW
d??* U?*|W?z U"W??W UMW U?"U?U?W$ 5d W?W W? WU?"U?*?}z U??*|Wz
sW" W*+ UO!U"WW UW b U~} W$ W" bb

U??*|Wz wW sd?O?1W+ W?" U?"U?U d?uW W?'W W XW U?! W W$ U??*|Wz

W `O?W! wMO W$ W? W W?W U?OW?!W 7 wU"W?W?W W$ U?!u~}W
WW$ W" W w du d wUW?" wW X U wU W$ d wU"WW
u wWJ} UU W uW X wMOUz
UW W!W?% WMOJ}$ W wJ}U WJ oO?IW U?*|WzW UW d?}$ W!U s!
su v wM wU"du W" u} W$ WM|u
U?O?W sW?"U wU? d?}$ W?" W?d?' Uu? W?MO?u u??}? Wz wub?W wWUKW U?W?
W?" d??O s wU???*|Wz u??}?W? | bW X}W U?Wu/ W?? }?? " Wz wWM|u?? Wz WW$
wWU?W??! W$ vU??" U u??%Uz w?d??}z W U??!u~}? 5u d??}$ U??"U??U?? W$ WJ?|bW
W X?} buW v UUz W?W+u?! W!WW Wz wW?! wJ}W wub?} U?*|Wz
sW??"U v W??"?!Wz d???Oz W? v w wUU??O?W W??!Wz X|d??b W
5u W? WMW?? X WMd| w?W??"W?? W?? ' Wz 5uU? X}U W?? L? }z X W?$ U??"
WU?? !Wz W W?$ sd~ W?U??A? ?O? ?? + u U?J W?? "W?? " Wz W w?? WMb? X
WMW% ULOUW !Wz W'W pW
W W$ d? 5u Wz w$W?W WL}z W?" WW! bWz W?"U?*}z WU?*|Wz Wz
W?" sW?"U?U?!W 5uWz W? v U? WM|Uz W$ sUM w}? 5UM U/d?OUU WW?
s|U? U Ud?O w?U? W? Wd U?OU WU?L??A?O W$ W?L?}z W?$ W WWz
u W
Uu??!W? 4|U?? u?? s?}? ' WW$ w?W U??N? O? W?? L? }z wU??O?MO??A? }? U W$
dU gWMO! w"U dO WMO! bWW d" oW W!uWz wW
wJ?U wW?W wM?|U?? U w?*? ?O w?"UU w?W W?? L? ?}?z wU?? O?MO?? A? ? } W? W
W*O UU wAW! U uMO!W~Wz U W1dWz U" w!WW WW wU
vu vUU Wz v W|dW UU? wJ}uUW Wz v U W$ eO!Uz
18

UuA}
W W?O? O w?W? wW?Wz W??!WW Wz wU?" W?U?Od?}?z d?u sd???" U?? *|Wz
`OW! wMO W$ W W W|W W!W" wW
W$ W" WOO WW! W?}" Wz u!W U*|Wz U U!U W?L}z wW W$ !Wz W" Wz
W$ WW?! W?}?" W$ d' wJ}?W bO? W$ d?O v$ wJW?" d w" W w?U
wW w?Uu??+ Wu ub??} d ??W ?? W??A? }? "d??}? U?M! wd??} wU??"
Ud W1dWz wub
W$ u??? ?O? u s| ?|W W??" UU??? ?*|Wz ??} w?? wU??"d??u? W W$
XUU bOUU WUdO W$ W XA
u W?? W$U? u??}? b W?? U??OU??U?? U?? U?? ? *|Wz
U! vW U! U*|Wz wMW! W$ W"!Wz wW"
W$ W?" ud?Ozu?WzU W wAU?O W??W u V}??" W pW U??*?|Wz w?Wz
5u Wz wW u wWW! wMOUz wU"W~d e U
wU' wW W!W% U"U U? wJ}U!W U*|Wz wJ|d|W X|W! uJW
rM}UM WM|uW U"WOOd}z w1W+ wMOUNO U dOW$ wWLW U"WU!
Wz wU?"WW w?} bW W$ w$W U?*|WzW UW? | U W$ W W
W" W?UW W$ d~W U~W U? U WM|u? w W?!Wz p|WUz UOW W?z
d u sd' WL}z U W$ WWW
WU?? ! W$ v"W U?M} U w?U??? *?|Wz wU??!W? d??u v? U??? *?|Wz W??" WU?? ! Wz
W?*?+ bWW W?"W U?!Wz d wU?! W?" Wd?}z wW wW wU?"W1W?+
WLM}N WWz d}$ W!U s! W dJ}$
wU?"W" W?U! W?W$ u .W?+ wd}z w?U"WW?! WU?! W$ v"W wU?*|Wz w?U! U? W W$
?uUz v!W?"W U?*|Wz wU?" W WW wJe? wWU!W?+ ?" wU XdJ*M u?"
W !Wz wU' wU! W$
d?O s W" WU?O W$ 5u wU?"W~d? u?} W$ v"W wU??*|Wz wW? 5u u}?
U?OW .W?+ u}?W uU! U?*|Wz W$ Wz bU?OU?U wUW$ W?" vW UMW?!W u U
wU"W}" d" s W$U w}?" W$ WU%u Wz wW U"UW" W%u pW W d"
du d
u} W u W v U*|Wz WU"W X*O wU"WJW
17

wMU WWJU?O d? u u? W?!b"U w?U W$ X} UOW? U?*|Wz

Wd" U U*|Wz wU"W W W$ gW!Wz U
wW d?}! w?W X*}u UW ? O" X W?" 4O bU"U?U W$
wu?? ?"W UJ? bU?? ! bJ?}? ?W?? " W?? ?W$ U?? "U u?? ?? ?W?? ! X}? Uz XW?W??
U?? w?? w"U wW?U U?? b?U??A? O W??O?U??? U ?? " W??!U Wz W?? *W??
wUz W?U w?J}U w? U~| WW?L?}z WW? w?d?OU U wUz
WOOW!U" wW U WJ} `u
w"U WM?}?N?!UW wd??}z wu sd??1W?+ X d?O? wMOUz W$ Wu/ b?W WUz
w

UW W d~ v$ e| X}W? UU?*|Wz U"W?OOd?}z W?!W$ W" W?OU WU?! U?"W

w~WW??' wU?"W?U bu?? Wz W$ v"W W??!WW Wz W?" W?z WW uJW w?MOUz wJ}???}? ?"

X}W bu} bOWW$ X|d|W UO"W bOJU w"U e} u} W$

bM1d?Wz W??W$ W?? UJW W$ u?MO??!bW??? W?UJ d??! W??" WWz d??}$ U wM?|uM|
X|dWMW W1dWz UJW W$ X U WUW U b wW!U
db?? +W u?U O? d??" o?W?? X?WW?? Uz d?? ! b?? ? ? wMOU?z W$
WM W? W$ Uz u}?W WW Wz w'U?! d! X|W U?U U~| W Wz vuU
X} uW UU bOu w"U WW$ X|u w WW$
s wJ?}? ? WW uJW? W?O? O? UMd WU??%?bW UU??O? wU??? *|W?z wd??! U
W1dWz w?d?} W$ WWz w"W?z X|d?" oW? d??! w?W W?? WW Wz WM}?'? W?W?
X|e|UO
U??J}? W wbW??! uJW? W??O?O? U??"e|U WU??%bW? U??"d?'U??" w?? WW U??O
WMWu?U WbW?! W?$ W?" W W???W w?? 5?"U? U wJW? w??u??L?
Wz v? UW?"W? Wz wU??"WbWu w??W U??"W??O?O? ?? W$ X|U??N su??+W$ ?? UJ
WU??! Ud? 7*??W? WJu?? wA| wW wW1dW?z wW?!U U??O wd|
WU??" W$ e?O? W XWW??! wd?! U w?W1dWz d??" u?!W WW? W?
U?"e??Oz bW?? U?A? L?Oz uMO??!bW?? X|Wb?} w?U?!U? W?W?W Wz wU U??"U
U?? ?"u?| W1dW?z W?? ??W W$ 5?Uz W?$ Uz w?U U? d?? ?" w"U? WM?|u
sbO$W wJU wUUO wWM|u UW U
w"UU? w"U W1dWz u?MO??!bW??? w UW?? wU?? UMW??!W? U?? *|W?z W$ U
X|W??"W?? v? U?? Wz WbW??! W?$ W??O? ? WW w?? W??? ?? wMd??O? U? wu??
WOOWW w"U uMO!bW
Wb??O? "UU w?"U W?? W$ UJU?W?? wWU bW??! Wz w?U??!U??+ U???*?|Wz W$ d??!
wJ}UNO X}W" W1dWz W WA uMO!bW bU u" W" W bWz WUWK
W WWU? U?$ bW??A?W u? W? W?!uWz X}? U?Ou U s|U?? U
U1W? w~?? ? w?"U w?? ? u?? W?z uJW? d?? "W?? ?! 5+ u u?? ?
s v guWz wW WM}W bWW U' U
bW???U??A?!W?z W$ uJW X}?U sd?? ? sdUW ?? d?Oz X?u? W??!uWz
W$ WW?z W U??" wW?? !U W1dWz U?JW e?? O? !Uz Wd?? ' e??Oz
W W??O?O bU??O U wMW? W$ vU?'W? U W$ ? U? W??}?M} WK WU? u?+
X} gdN}! e| W!u X|dUOUUz wW!u
uU bUO U s" W$ U"O" uUW" U WAO!W UO wUU bU u!W W$

20

19

vU?" } b?OU wU?u?}! d?u bU?"WO?O? w?+W WMu? W W$

u u}$ WW$ wMOWJ} e u pW$ X
? Uz wW?!U?" U? W?UM W?W?$ wd?}z wMOUz W?" X}M}?*W?* Wd?u Wz
WOO WMOUz W$ 5!WU! wW U!W d u
WW?! wW wWuO?u bu?*?} W"W?uW W$ UU? u W" W?OO W?!Wz UUz
d" oW U wd! d" oW wULUz UM} W WM Wz W" W!uWz
W W? WW??L? }z wU??OMO??A? } d??O WU? WU??! Wz uJW d??u?W u??N? } W??!Wz W
uW U??OW?? Wz sW?" w??? WW U??L?d W??L?}z U??? *?}z W??" W Wz U??!WzW
bW bUWW W$ wU dO dUz W W*} WAO!W
dUz d u gUO sW'Uz u!W u U? dW p}U! W" WL}z w W
UW u?? W??'W W?? " U??O? ?!U??"W W?? Wz d??O W?? Wz u U? UW
ud W?d W'W? w~ UL WM|Uz WW?} W?OOuWz dW W$ W"?!Wz u UW
U?"WU~} w u?!Uz W UW$ v uJW U?!W? UMO d| W$ U?OW W wU"U?" v
W WMb U/U?"UO w~WW?' U WMO$W?W UW U?LOW?} WdU W$
wW? d??" Uz b?W w~W?W??' U?? L? ?U WJ}?U??! d| d?? ' W??W?? "
w}$ U sU??*| b|u?" W$ 5}?" WL?}z W?" u?O?dW U/U?! W$ e?O?W sW?" wuW?+ 4}
| W*u Wz W WJu 5|W

 ?? w??*? u U??? ??!U??! w?u??%W?? U??+W u? Wz wU??"WM?|u?? Uz

wU??I? U?z WM|u?? u??!W? XW WuW?? " W??? ' Wz Wu W?UU Wz U??" w?!WW
d}z wUd| w~WW'
e|W wU u}?W b}W W$ ? W"W wMOu W?W$ U"U u U?!U!
wd?}z w1W?+ w~WW?' ?}?!W UW? W?"W?U Wd?" | u?" w$W?Uu?
Wd?" x U W W? U?*?}z U u U??*|Wz wU w W$ u?O?u
!W?? ? w?? ? W? s|d?? ?" U? uU? W$ W?? ? " bb d?? ? }? ? ? ? *?| UW? U?? ?! w?W
U?!U! W"U?" WJu U" UO v d w$W~?}" UW? W$ WM|u W" sW?! wJ}WM|W
gW$ d~ v$ u W?*u} WMW W? suW W" bW vb| WO?LKO u
Wz wMO??u u?LzW?!W? d?" wM! W?" X @? U?!W U W$ d?" w?U WWz
g| W?O?O? Wz w?* W? rM?OU b?!? W$ bW?W W?" b?} u?? WW?! U?"
Wd' WM! W?W w+W W" WU?!U! Wz u!W' wu?!W W WU+ W WbM?|u U"W
wU??LW v$ r??+ U?" W r?? WW??L?OK? U Wz wd??"d?}? ' wM|uM|W W? W?"W uW??+
W?"U?????!U?! W??W$ W bMO??u wU??" u?!W W$ W? ? ???Wz Wd?? U?? *|Wz WMO??u
WW$ u W?|u? W? gWz bM|u?? d??"U?!Uz w?U?"W??W u??!W uW .bu??}
w!U??"Uz U rU W w?? U?"W??OW?" wd U??!Uz 5u wM?|uM| u?}? W b?"WU~?}?
d u bOW!e W$ W"WAOz
U? d" r}?+WW?! U??!U?! WW?$ p}W? UMW?! U pW? WW?$ gUU?
ud?" U UWz U??bMO W$ U?*|W?zW UW W?U? Wz W? W?!u UUW u
uW WWU U U!U! W" W W" UU s! wW d" W"U" U
W?"U?????!U?! U???O?zW X|d~ v$ u?? d?? U WM|u?? Wz bMW??! w?}? W$
d?? " U u?? ?}? ? W W?? !u?? O? ? UW$ d?? "U? v WW?z d?? " vW?? ? ? }? ? +U?? "W??
W??Wz d?? " v$ w??A? ? w$U??+ ?? W?? U??" U??? "W? W??+ d| wU?? "e|W
b u U!U! wU"WU w$W WU se dU X|WU
bW W$ U?OW W? r} ruM wU wU?!W d?W u? WU?~} W? W$ bW
Wz wM?WW ?? ? gW??!Wz W?? " ud?? r?JW??" X wU?? "WJ!U?? + W??+W WU?~}
W W?u WJ}W$W W"WM?Ou u?} gW$ u? U"W?OOd?}z wWWW wU?!W W!d??Oz
X}A}" WMOu wU' wU!
??O u??}? W? wd??}z wd??! W??" W?Wz U??? *|Wz WU??" U?? *MOz Wz ? sdW??
+ WU?L?AOW ? s! W bOM|u? u}W$ wW$ wU?"W U W$ U?! @WW'
u?!W w wU?! U?!W U"W?O?O"U u?!W W?" WO?O?bU?L?A?O WMW Wz W gWz
22

WU??!W?? W$ WMM|u??%? O ??W??W$ W b w?$W? W??" wW?? U?~}? W?Med??}z

uU U?? Uz WW? wU?OMO??A?} wW?"W? W?'W? W? W W?O~WW??' wOW?!
d~ v$ w
rW$ wb?U?! d???O?z ud? U??Od??}z WU??W?!U W$ ?? U~}?? W?!W?W Wz +e W??Wz s!
b} wJ}?Od}z W u?" gOM! wW WJu ud ? wU"WW?L wU X}
WU!WM w?U!bWz U"WU?LA?OU W$ bW rMO W" , W W? wu U?W W W$
Wz u?? W? W$ W??O? O @d?? v? U?? d u w?Uu??! v U wd?? }z w??"
XUz bU!? UU W$ U W? d WW$ U!u?!W WU v$ U!U?"Uz dO WMW
v U U! uO W$ uU U v wUJ} U" WULWMWJO WMO

W$ b??AW?!W?? W$ uJW X}u? u?A?}? wU? W$ W u?W Wz U?? *|Wz w~Uu??}

X*? UU W?$ W?? " XU w?U?? "W?? W?? w?JU W?? b?W wu? U
U" m?| v W+Wu?! vW |UNJA?O wu d}?Wz Wz Wd?" U Uz wU?
?? UW?? W$ U??O1W??+ ? W @ U??? *|Wz b??O? ' W?d?" U??? wW??!W
W$ X?* @W?W?? ' wbM?Wz XW? WUU w?u s|U?? ? wJ}?? !U?? W?M|Uz W?Ud?? "
W$ U?z W wU s?d W$ WW?z wU??"W?W??L? ? w!WW? W??"?? !Wz bU?? N? O? ?
WW bWM|u WJ}$ wW
Bartholomae W*u?U Justi w?? u Geldner db?K wU?? "d?? u U?? ?? " W?? Wz
WWz Jackson u?*?"W? Meillet W?O?! Darmester d?? ?*?! Spiegel qO~O???A?Oz
U?OJ}?W?!e? W?" X|W?" U?!? sb v$ UWW XW? WMW?% U??*|W?zW UW?
W$ Wz WW}W wW U~} d}$ WW WU!WW UO'U! bW d" U"WOOd}zW
u?? ?!W W$ 5?} W?? ?L? ?}?z d~ b?U W w?UU? wW?? ! ! s??? "b?? ?} U?? ?
sd~ v$ Ue| d|uW bJ}U~} u!W W$ sWJ Uu WWL UJ}
WO?LKO u?}W U?*|Wz Wd"bM U w?!U~A} bd}z W?$ u rOdOz U??!U!
e U? wJ}??}??" W$ U??*|Wz dJ} w? g}W?!W$ U? W?" Wz Wd?}?!u? U?"
wLKO wA}" !W W! wJ}}"W d" w wU"Wu! w WUO!U
ruM WWz d?" q+W W wd}z wU"W" W?W u" U*|Wz u W?"U" W$ W
d"W U*|Wz wW$W d" U wUO u
wUU????!U??! wU?J}? wMd?UW? W$ W Wz W?"U??" w!WW wWu??O?u U????!U??! u?"
g}W!W$ U UW WU" u W"WMOu vW" du UW wU W$U+W! Wz
21

wd??! v W??" U Wz W??W$ uJW? +e U?"W?U~} wU??! U??!W U??"W?O? OJU U?W$U
X}?? J?? } ?? wU?? d| wW?? "W?? w?~WW?? ' wb??$W?? W WUJ? w U wd?? }z
wH?? ? d W?$ b UWz w? wd??"du?? ? W?z W??"W?W??!??" W?? "WU?? !WM
W? w~WW?'W 7W? WJu b? WU?z wW?!W U? W?" U??'W
g}W?!W$ U? W W?" w sU??*|W?z u" w?Md| w~WW?' u?}? W?" wd?}z W?L?}z
wu wu @W WU! W} su w+Wz Uz w!WW wU
w$W? WU???W ?O w"W?! u?" v?U WMW W$ w?}? ! wJ}W~W W U U???*|Wz
WM v uJW WW%} U? dO U u+ wJ}W? WW Uz W} v|b
wd?}z wW? uWJU wU?" vu? .U?+ u?+ U~W wM?d~W @WUz d?
WOOUU bWW! WMW~ U% g}W
Wb?M|u?? W?? !WW Wz W?Wz U?? OUu?? + U?U?? U?U??? ??? !U?? ! u??!W? W$ W?? u
VW?? W?MWW W?? "W wU? W??"U??" WU W?$ W??" WU W?? |U d|?bW
vuU W??" W?"U W e??O?W WJu u??!W?H U??Uz W?O b?}? U?OUU W??" d?Oz
b U$Wz X U wJ|U" d wUW" wW!U vW

u% qO$W
UW w U
" wd}z WW

24

23

W?? ? ?" u?? ? %?W?? ? ? W1d?W?z W?? ? ?J}?

v?? U?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? W?? 1d?? W?? z W?? $ U??
?U?z U?? ? ? ? ? W?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? O? U?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? !W?z
u?WzU?W ?? ? ?}? ? ? ? u W?? ? ?Wz W?M?|u?? ? %?
u? W?? ? Wz W?M|u?? ? %? u?WzU?W ?? ? }? ? ??
U?? ? ? ? d?? ? ? N? ? ? ? O? ? ? ?! w? U?W$ W?? ? ? ?
U??M? |u?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? X?? U?M? ! W??$ W?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? W?? ? ? W$ w?I? ? ? A? ? ? ?O? ? ? W?? ? ?
?? ? ? ? %? W?? ? ? ?U?? ? ? ? W??? ? ? ? " Wu?? ? ? ? " W?$
u?WzU?W ?? ? }? ? ?? u? W?? ? Wz W?M|u?? ? %?
u? W?? ? Wz W?M|u?? ? %? u?WzU?W ?? ? }? ? ??
U?? ?" U?? ?O U?W XO? X v?
U?? ? ? ? " W$ W?U? u?? ? ? ? }? ? ? ? W?
U?? ? ? ? "W?U? u?| ?}?$ X?W?J? W?? ? ? ? v?
U?? ?"W?? ?"U w"U?W ?? ? b?? ?Wz
u?WzU?W ?? ? ?}? ? ? ? u W?? ? ?Wz W?M?|u?? ? %?
u? W?? ? Wz W?M|u?? ? %? u?WzU?W ?? ? }? ? ??
U?W?U? w$W? W?$ W?+ WM}??WW?!
W U?? ? U? bW W$ ? W??? ?}W??! W??
W?M?? ? ? % w?? ? ? W?? ? ? ? ? ? *? ? ? O? ? ? ? X?
?? ? }? w?? ? ?W? w?? ? ? su?? ? ? W?? ? "
u?WzU?W ?? ? ?}? ? ? ? u W?? ? ?Wz W?M?|u?? ? %?
u? W?? ? W?z W?M|u?? ? ?%? uW?zUW? ?? ? ?}? ? ??
wU?"W?O?OWU?W?" U U?"W? UMW?! U?*|W?z wU wMW?! w?}? wU?" W$ bW W
Uu" u" w r?*u}W W W bU W+ U W$ du U?"eOz dO wM
WbM|u w?U" W$ WM W?" ruM UMUzU WL?}z W"?!Wz W" WU W$ bW b?AWW W$
X} UMUz WWz WW$ W"W}"
u?} W bWz W d?O wMOUz W W wU?"U U?W uWzUW u W?Wz
26

u rOdOz U!U!

UMWW' d
d?? ? ? ? ? ? W?? ? ? ? ? ? u??~?W?z U??W?
u?? " w~? u W UU?? w?U?? ! W$
W?? ? w?JU? w?~ W?? ? ?O?? ? W?
W?? W?$ vW W?? *?W Wu?? ?! Wz
u?WzU?W ?? ? }? ? ?? u W?? ? W?z WM?|u?? ? %
u? W?? ? W?z W?M|u?? ? ?%? uW?zUW? ?? ? ?}? ? ??
W?J? W? d?? ? ? ? ? ? ?U?z W??u?? ? ? ? ? ? ! W??W?
W?M? }?u?? ? ? ? ? ? *? W?? ? ? ? ? ? w?? W?
U?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? A? ? ? ? ? ?}? b?M? d?? ? ? ? ? O?U? w?M?
W?M? |W?? ? ? ? ? ? W?? ? ? ? ? ?! ?? ? ? ? ? ? U?? W?$
u?WzU?W ?? ? }? ? ?? u W?? ? W?z WM?|u?? ? %
u? W?? ? Wz W?M|u?? ? %? u?WzU?W ?? ? }? ? ??
U?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? u??U? W?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? W??$
U?? ? ? ? ? ? U? W??U?? ? ? ? ? ? ! w?W?? ? ? ? ? ? ' w??M?
W?? w?d?? ? ? ? ? O? ? ? ? ? ? !W? ?? ? ? ? ? " W?? ? ? ? ? !U? W?z
W??? w?U? u?? ? ? ? ? ? ?A? ? ? ? ? ? ? }? U?u?? ? ? ? ? ? ?
u?WzU?W ?? ? }? ? ?? u W?? ? W?z WM?|u?? ? %
u? W?? ? Wz W?M|u?? ? %? u?WzU?W ?? ? }? ? ??
W?? ?!u?? ? U?? ? d?? ?N? ? }? ? !W? U?? ?N? ? O? ? U
W?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? !W?? ??U??z U??~? O? w??H? $ U??
W??/W?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? W??$ ?? W??$ w??u?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? U??
?W?? ? ? ? ?! U? ? W?? ? ? ? ?! U?~?|
uW?z UW? ?? ?}? ? ?u W?? ? Wz W?M|u?? ? %
u W?? ? W?z WM|u?? ? %? uWz U?W ?? ? }? ? ?
W?? ?"b?U?? ?! X?W$ X| X?O? ? ?? ? W?? ?
25

uWz w"U dO WAd' uMO!bW

WU??N? O? ? W$ b??O? "U w?? W$ WuWz W?M|u W W??? ?Ad??' U XW?W uz
dUz e|U
W?OuWz d?O wU U d?O WM|u WW? W WJW! W?"W U W?LW
WW"U U U!Uz U" UO W$
uW wUUu Uz e|U WAd' U uu
wU???U~O U??O? Wz w??*W???? sWz wU???U~O u W?JOW??! U e?? !bW???
u wUM} WW U"uA" Wd! bU WUNO WW wUz
U ud Uu? Uu!W W$ W?" ULW? U U!W?O?Wz U U!W?O? U WO?
W"W w WU!WM
W?W$ WU?W v W bU sUz b??U W?!W?N? }? WJOW?! U? udW?
s

W" gUO gU
U wu ? U? WMW?"W? s?|W W?"W?U sd??"U w? n$Wz
WOO sd"U Uu W" WWW" Wz
WM|W? W$ W" d?O WMO! W? Wz d|?W WO?O? W$ W! w?
WU? WWz U?? x??W U?W X|e?|U d??! w?U??"W?? U d?? " b?? wU??"d?? "
W! wW!e
W b?? U d~W b?U~O W?? " vW??" wW? W??? } w?W??! J U?U??
X}
} UWu| wW WW W"
W??! w"U wU??+uK?W?! W?W? W?$ W?! w??*? O u?? W??U??!W??' WJOW??! d??
X|e|U
UO W$ Uz wUU~O u$W WJOW! u

WOOUu W WAd' wWz

sW wUWA} W$ v"W WL W
u X WW$ vL+U WW"
b W??W W$ d?O U??Uz d?U? u W Uz W?" ??} WU?WJA??} W
WJ w"Uz dW wWJA} W" WW WW!
v WO W"WOO U WuL} Wz dO wJ}dOWz U WAO
??} w} W U? U?" W U?1W bW?? b?U w?"U u W???Ad??' d??N?}? !
wU? W? U?N?O? W$ W?UU?O Xb??} Wz u?!W W sW?uU wU?"W?? wU?
dN}! J d}Wz uU
dO dUz e|U WAd' W Uz dUz dUz Uz
w!W uW?? WUz wdW W?" d?O? W?Uz W$ u v!U?+W?! U U??U UU
d" UU!Uz Uu" UOW+u!
U?? ! u?? " d?? O? ? *? ?'W W$ u? ?? } X w?W~}?? W? u?? ? ?
wWuOu W UW bWdN}!
d?? ?}z ?? ?} u?? ?" bW? W d?? ?OWz b?~WW?? ?' W$ W?W U?MW?? ?! d?? O?Wz
W v wJAO wU"W! U~} UMW!W dOWz U*|Wz W$ W bW d}z dOWz
s wUU~O WJOW! W eOz UO!

UNO UO wUU~O uWz w!uW WJOW! U u!Wz

dO wM|u WUM} U bM W" } Uz dW p wWJA}W WW!
U"WOO?OW! u" X| bUNO wUU W$ W" WWz U bU?W UMW!W XUOu
gOU??"W?O?O?? sbW?! W2W?u??! wMU wU U??Lu?u?! U U??*?O? wMU U??!WW
bU?W wM?UW wU?L?Uz wU??"WM u?!W wU?L?O?z U d?}$ 7U?O?u? w?MU wU
Wd W U! dUz
U?"e|U bMOUz bW?!UO?+ W$ W?" b!?*?Oz wM W$ d?O d u?" 5 d
u WW" UJU WW d W$
XWW WMWW wMW U~} W W U"WW!W
Wz wW wUWUW wWW U!W
} X wW!zW Uu!
UUz W W" WUOWJA} W$ d dH WW
u" e U U
UO WJu$ U"W
U?*MOz wW? b?? wMOUz W$ d?' w$U?+ wU? dW?d?' W??} u?"W Wd?'
Wd' } WWKUO u!W wW bU wMW W$ s}
U W W!uWz

28

27

s}b} we wA W e g bOU' wU! W$ W" WUO vMW U W

W wWu?O? u b? wdW w~WW??' W$ 5u?! u??" u @WW??' U U???!U?!
W"U? b W?IAd W e?Oz bMOz wW?U wW Wz d?O W$ W" WW?U wJ|U?O
UO? u" WW Wz Wu? dO U"WO?OzUUz s"W$ W UO W$ d"U? wW
u
u" }
w+U' W!u

30

29

d?? ? ? ? ? ? W?M? |u?? ? ? ? ? ? W?? ? ? ? ? ? X?

U??d?? W ?? W??" Wz W?u W
d??~? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? +u??U?? U?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? W??$
d?? ? ? ? ? u?? ? ? ? ? " X? w?U?? ? ? ? ?"W?? ? ? ? ? L? ? ? ? ? ?W?
s?A? ? ? ? }? ? ? ? "b?? ? ? ? ! U??? ? ? ? ? w?U?? ? ? ?L? ? ? ? U?z
uU UbMO
UbMO wW! wu O

32

31

W?? ? UU?MW U? W?? ? wU?? ? (ahunavanw gatha) U?? ?U?? ? uW?Wz

UW$ U??"U??W u?}? W$ u !U W??OzU??W U?? w?W??W v? wJ|bW W W?W bW
WUW wMO!WW
bW U U?MW U u wU?? Ostavad gatha U?U?? W?? uz
W!u UW UW$ U"UW wMW w!U WOzUW U dFO !W bWW
WdO?U wJ}U!W W?UM|e XW s}' W?WW W$ UMWW?! W!W?G} X
w??W wU? 5uU? Ud?' d?' d??O wJ}W???W??W WM|W W?? W~W$
u??" w?J|u??}? W ?? w?"U wMO?Uz wU??"W??$U??!U?z wWu??O?u W?? W?? v wW?U??d??!
X}MW~ u!WW U
wMOUz w!W? W u?!W W?$ WU?W?W? Wz WbM|u? !W?W X}uU U?"U?U? WM|u?
W?!U U~?} Wz wUz w? w"U W$ w?UUzW? vu W U~ X d?O
d? Wz W?? o?$ W??? ?}? ? W$ X}?? wd?? }z d?? O U w?MOU?z Wz wMd?? U uM?}
g}W p?|u?| u??" wd?}z wM?OUz @WW??' wU W?|U??N ? U??" W? WU?u?
X}M U~W
UU?" wU' }? W$ wWuOu W" W?d}z wW?W wu U W' sd?1W+ U"U?U
wW?U??d?? ! WWz wW?? LW? U??"u| w?WW wU?~M W?1dWz Uu?? wd?? }
WL}z w WU~ X} U W Wz WMO+W w~WW'
U UzW w"U w"U bUA?O Uu!W du WMd| W' W$ WU?WW Wz
U!W wW!U" wU

U"UU W"W W'

U#Wu
UMW W$ sJ}?W gOWz W?" U?*|Wz wW sd?O1W?+ X wU?"d U U"UU?
U?O? u?}? W W?!Wz WW$ WW U?d?' bW9W?U w~d?? 7 wU?"W??W??W Wz WW$
u??}? w?M?W??W U??"U??U?? WU?!W?$ W~ WUu??O? u bW??U W???' W$ d? UU
u??}? U??"W?? U?O? WW U??OU??'W UMW U??? *|Wz wU??"W?W W??W$ wM??'U??Uz
W$ W" w?M}*W* W U?" UO U?*|Wz wU?"WW W$ W?' Wz U?"W U?"WO w?M
dO1W+
W$ WW?z U b??W?? W$ 5d U??"U??U?? U s}? UMW wU??"W??W W?$ U??" WW
WM UO UMW wU U'W
W?" Wd Wz wM?W?W u?}? U?!Wz W$ W Ub?W bW U?"WU W$ U?"W
v$ Uu? U UU? W s} W? WW d?" W W? !W W | WbW W$
U
UU dW d?O WU Wz wJ} W W$ U?"UU d !W W$ U" W U
U??U? Wz W?? W$ U? W??" uzd??Oz WzUW e U?? W$ W??"u?} W??" uuWz W??"W
dO ud U~} UMW wU W$ U*}z u du
W W W? Wz X?dJ*M wU?! W$ d?u? d? UMW?!W U??*|W?z W$ U?U? W?
b|W$ WUuOu CasanW bF!W W$ Cas W W$U bu} wU wU! W$ WUMW!
wM wU??"d?u W$ d u?} W? U w?W?WW? U?OU?"U?U? U??"WW?L wMO?Uz W?!U
d" wU W W gu
wU?"W?OU??!Uz U"U? | W$ W?!Wz W?" WU" U?! X w?U"W?U? w$W?
WU??!W U?L? ?O WU W?$ W?"?!W?z W u W u?}? W W?" d??u X
Wz w?!WW WJ?u vM}?0u?? U?? !W?? vU 4?W?? v? WU?? ? W?? W? d?? W$ v?W W?? Wz
wU?? U W U bW? wU? U??"U?U?? d !W W?$ U?" W W??" U9 WU??"
5MW WM|uW bW U Wz wWO U! d}$ U bW bW

W??!Uz U U U?MW??! U??" U?*? + u??" wU??! W$ p}? WW W??" u??" u??!W
W?' ??} WM| fU?? XW UMW??! w?A?W Uz w?"uW bK}? w?U?'W

wWOU W"
34

33

 rM|u? WM|U? U 5Uz Wz Wu?}z UO? WMW W s! bMOUz U?"U sWMO?!

b rOW!U u W" v$ UOW!U UWz d} x W/

+ U WJu wJW e|U d|U WL W?LW UJUW X|W! s!

W U"W"U d" wU W!uWz
w? wMOUz W pW? U!W? U?LM s|uM| W0 X}W UW e?} WU?" Wz U
WMO+W
W?? ?LW? XWW? uz ?? ? wU?W +u?? ? s?! W?? " W?z W WU?? ? W?? ?"
rMO W! wWU!W' W uWz J UU
W??" W?" v?$ U X U~| W?? W??LM} U???W? u| UJU WW? U W s!
wuWz WMO+W wM W WM}

XW ? wU?"W w? wL?Oz wu??}$ wU?$ U d?" W?! Wz

u!WH UW
Wz wW??!UW? 5u?? U d??}M U??!bW?? e??}W U?uW wJ|b??OW??!U u?Wz Wz
5 bM! WW

W?L}z b?OW?!UW U d?O wW!U?" e?} U W?" v$ XWW uz Wz

Xu!WH UW VUu
WJ UzW Wz wU"WOU" UO W" v$ UJ W!bW Wz
dW +u? W" b e?} Uu W?!WG?} W" s!W J U? UU Wz W?! Wz
WJ XAU u W d

u? W$ wMd?? sd?U W?" uWz Wz W$ W?" W"U s?! sd?"U Wz

u? U?' Xu? UO?}$ WU?W?" W s!W W?b W??uW?' W?"U
W}M}! W gOd! U W" Wd! wU"e} W$ v"W
X b?OW!U W?UuO?u U?*|Wz W?!UMU? u" W?" u U?O" wU?"U?U W$ v"W VU?u?
b} W d" uW+ Wz dO wMOUz u
u X wbU W$ d v"W VUu d Farasustar WuW'
36

UU Wz
U UMW

WW U rM?|bW W +U?"W?? WU g??W wU?"W$ W?! Wz

u!W W$ rOU!U w!Uz UW Uu W" W$ uMO!bW UM}
W" U!U uu WLW W" WWz -Uz s! XWW uz Wz

W?? " WU?? "U U?? "U b?? OW??!U? W??" X?WW uz U?JUW? uWzW?? ! Wz
w W$ W" s!W XOAWUO XW" Uz WMO! w"U wUNO W u
XdJ} W w"U

bU? w? WM} W?!bW??? uWz W??! W?LW XW?W uz Wz

W$ UU? W?" 7? wMOUz wW??! wW? u? u??} U?u?!W? W?!u?Wz uWz W??!
d v$ U u} v W UOW bU?"UU W$ X| WJW! WU"eOz U"W?d' u!W W
WOOU W UMW!W W! uWz
WU X|d?u WU"WAd' U? W W$ W"U d W" u w?M|U dO W uMO?!bW
v qOd U
W$ uWz w"U w? WM|u W X wMOUz W$ W?! W?d?' 5!W U XWW uz
s WW$ dUz e|U d|U WMO! wUNO
wM'U?Uz wd"d?}' wdW W?!uWz wU s|U dO W?M|u W!W"W W?d?' U WLW
d!W W"U
Uu? d?! W" W?WUUu Wz wM?U wdW WUUu e|U? d|U W?d?'
WW
W$ dJ" d?! U d! W" WU?NO Wz W wU?NO U d wJ}U?O W WMO! wUN?O
Wz WU WOO"U wUNO
WU'd?O U"e|U WM|u u W?d' U X|d bWHWz W b?OU W$ W" W!b?W
d|U bO?"U wU?NO W$ WW?!uWz wuW$ dW? W+U WM|u gWMO?! wUN?O W$
U?Ou d?| WzWW$ U Uu?}! W??d'W W?OW?W? wUz s e|U
Wz W?? W W$ W?uWz w?? " W??? ?d??' W?z WUu W?J U??"u?? ? A? ?" s W~? U?? U?? "W
WuWz u" gWz s} W" U UUz
35

r WUW

WUWUW Xb U b

b?A W$ d" U?O U"u| p?W wW?!" W?!W$ W W?" v u!W W$ d?"U W?!
W?" X| U!W?z gWL?}z X}M WW? W? bUN?O? W$ vu WuWz W W?"
X|W Wz

sW?? " u?Wz wA?U?? O UMO?W U?? L? ?? ? Uz e? wUU?u s! w? U?? ? ?*? ?}z
wu WW?!W U WU"u| U?W W W$ UJ U" W?L|U w}$ r|u
X}W U"e|U bM wd! U"Wu

WO?O W" bUUu UW$ u?!W' wu?u W WUd?' WMOUz WWUM W?" uWz W!
U U?"d?| U?"Wu? X W d??" oW? wWz U??bW?'Uz WJ?u Wz e|U W?? O?
W WW U wU v UOd' w*b}

U d" d' d?" 5 UUu wU WW" WUNO? W$ w w!U uWz W!

uu? U!Wz W dW d~ u? W$ su uWz wU!W?' dOzW U"W?d!
d" v$ UOd WLW d"

X} UUu e|U vu W" XOU v" bJW U!W u} W$ WLW Wz

w?? d??" uW??+ W??L? }z wMOU?z rUM s! W??" W??'W W??+U W? w! W??LW
W$ W??L? }z wMO??? d??O W??A|bWz sW? W W??" Wz W W??! Wz WU??!W???O? ?
5AM u U 7'UUz wUW U!d" WWz WW$ W bUNO

W$ , ??% U?Uu U??"e|U? UW wJ|U??O?W +u u w w?U u??u??

W?? ?" W?U?? ?" Wz U?? ? W?? ?" u? W?? ?W ?J U?? ? w?J}?U?? ?U? wU b?J}?U?? ?
X}W e}W Uu wJ|bU

d" wM|U w u W W?!U WLW Wz XWWuz Wz uWz W! Wz

r}Me} U W" v$ U"U
sWJ WJA} UU! wAU d W" 5J} sb W w WL}z
sAW +W s!W UNO W wW!U" su e} sdU W" u}z

W??OM}?N W?" X W?U Ud?" W?" WW?z wUz W?" v$ uWz W?! Wz
XW" U!U"
WW u X|d" uW+ u}$ U WU W + u

W g? d?? ? U W?UW?UW U? rO?? ?? ? U d?? ?" e?|U Wz u? W?? ?! Wz

W wUW wUNO W" WJ UUz v r} wU!W bU s!W WW W" WOOU

WO W du gW!WO U!WOW u X WU!WM U U!WO

38

wU UMW

W" wUd d" W U UbW'Uz UU d" uu

v W? w+ W??W?z d?" X wM! W?" W?W?" Wz W?O?}?" bU?I?u? w XM!
U?O?W wW!U?" W$ v wM! e|U WU?W UbW?'Uz Wz d?" u UOM! w!W?
b gOM!W U"d|

v?u?? W?? " wU? v" XA?? ?OW uz W?$ d?? " U?? O? ?d U?Uu U?? ?bW?? 'Uz W?U?? " Wz
X|e|U gWWz U" X gWu U wJ}W~}" UHUz ud}! UUu
X|d~ W W X}W Wz Uu W" UUu wMU d|bW vW"

Uz v e|U? UUu U?O? W$ W ? W U??bW?'Uz w! X?WW uz

bU?OU?"W??d| W?W$ v W?" W~ WW?UW?+ W suU? pW? U?!W r?MOU bM
v U Ud"
gO?M! X|u?? %? s! U?? " U? W?? " WW?z u?? !W W$ d?e?? }W? bJW?? w?W?? !?? " u?? }?W$
37


d??"U? W??!W??"W WW?? W$ U J wJ??" 7A?W? WW? WW? W?z WJu
WU w!W W$ U!W wJU W
u?}$ W WW" WMO! UU? W$ w"U w wbMWz d~W bUN?O wUU W$
wJ?U w W$ w?d?? s|u?? WMW?? " WW?z s ??!U?? " wuW?z u
s U'd r+u bW1dWz

Wz wU u?" W? v uM v wU?L?Uz W?" uMO?!b?W?? wUW? WW? W$

U?? wU d??"W? ??W U?? O? O? "U? wMOU?z bW?? U?? W?? " WWz u?? !W W
W U??"W???W W?1dWz s W??!U?" U?M} X UuW?z W?! bW??!
W!W U wd d"W

UW WU?"Wz WWJ UO? WW$ w wd? w"U wuUW? gOU" u|

U??"Wz ??W U?bW??WU d??" W??" Wz u? UWW??%W b??}$ W?MW??" WW
bJ} pW wU Wz wW!UW U 5+ u| d" U WJ} Uu!W

XW?W u?z W?? L?W ud?W?? w?"U w?? ? WW?? ? WUJ? W?? W?? ?" Wz
UW? XA? WM w?d X U?~| ? U?? ?J}? W$ Wz w?W?? ?!U e?? ?!bW?? ?? ?
w?}? W?W W$ W?" W sUz wu?!Uz WW?W b?xW? W$ W?" vMWW
v U~W bU wWW W W" v W" W" WbUW

W! Wz
wbU? w W??LW s|Wz e? wM w?W WU?U e? w?U?" WU?! Wz
WW$ W" WWz W$ W d wMdUW?W$ W X W UbW'Uz u UMW!W u|
d U u|W uW UU Wz

UU?uW? b wU?u s?} W?? ?LW? Wz XW?W u?z Wz uW?z Wz w? X

w!Uz wu?Uz wWU?ML?} vu? uJW U?"e|UW WJ ? UUuW e?} U? wJ|U?O
UJ W+W
X wJ|UO wIU WM} W"W W" WW +ULOz s! W! Wz

s!W 4}N U?LOz s} pW wW?!" Wz UUz UU U d" w? u"

UJ v U bW U d" w U s! WW! WMOUz Wz W WM}
uWz Wz
U*| U!Uz wU"W* wMU U*}z

wU UMW

Wz wM?? 'W U?u?? UJ U?W$ v W?? ? *u?? } U wJ?|U??O W ? W??" Wz d?? }$

}
W?d??! W UW? d??} W?LW s?W?'Uz W?" W??*?+ uWz wA?U?? UW? UW?
W Wz Wz W?Wz U??" W?!W? WW W U?" UU W$ X|W? +U?"W W?" ?}
X} W!U" WWz wUM b WU UJ v w$W!W W WUU!Uz

u?} U?O? W U?U? W??} WW?z d?"U? U~ d?Uz W$W

W? b??!U?"Uz W?$ W?" se U??" WW?%? U? d??O sUM wW?1dWz wW?! w?MOUz
WWL}z w$U+W

WWz u?} W$ u? bW b?"U d?" Uu? d?O W$ W? W?H$ WW? UW?

u W??'W W WW?z d? U??OW ??W U??O? O? ? WW?? uW? U?O? U d??O
d~W U WW

wM?? U w"Wz Wu?Wz wUu W?M|u bW??? ?U??A? L? Oz U W??? ?d??' 5!W??N? }? U u?dW??
WU WW$ wUW v wW!U U"WMUz
W$ v XWW?! Wz s} W?Wu| XWW?! wMO?U xW sUz wu?!Uz
WULOz
40

U" W*+ X d}$

39

 wM W WM} u% bUO u!W W$ +e gOM! U Xu!WH U XUJ

u?!W wWz e?!bW? W?! XWW uz W?" vU?" W W$ W?LW Wz

U e?}W? UuW wJ|UU?? Uu? ? s! s?|d?" @U wW?!U ? U?"WW?! W?? Ad?'
r Uu WW Wz Uu e} UW W$ +u

wU? W?" U W$ +e U WJ U?Uz 5? wM w?U dW sd??U W$ W?LW Wz

W wKOW s!W WJu ,
WJ UUz vU W$ W$ b WW s! W uWz W! Wz

wu w?UWUW?W UW?? 5?? w?M U W$ s?! W??" vU W?z d??O U? sd??? ?U

U"UUz wW U" WW' WLW W" W! w

w??d? sd???U sd??u? W??" u W$ w??WW wA?Uz d?" u??W UW? W??" Wz
w UbW'Uz W} wUW W" WWW" Wz WUJ dO WW
W! Wz
WOM| u wWW WMO! e}W
uWz Wz
u bAMW'Uz UW W$ W" WOM}! WMW W W UNO wub} U W$

d?" W$ d?O WL? U~U" W?$ u wU W?$ wUW? W" WU?" Wz W?! Wz
w? 5 W?" U d?" w"U w W w?!U"Uz Wz W?" rO
UNO wU"d" u!W bU!W'

u?}? WM U d| U? WM b?}? X?+W?? U XU??"WUz W?" WU??" Wz uWz W??! Wz

u W$ UUu wUM}NW wU e!bW UMOA u}

d?" e|U? u?" U?OU?"b?Uz U?"d| UUu W??" u wU?!W??'W W?! Wz

We W~U Wd' U wWz asi
42

U?? " U??!U?z u w"U w?? ?W U Uu?? W$ W?Wz wU ? WMO?? !

W dW wu W$ u U UU"Uz d" WWz u!W

W! Wz
sdW? Wz XWW uz W?z 4| ??uUz bU W$ W??" sW?U?W??" Wz Uu?? W??L? }z
W$ s W U?!U? d?O W?" WMW W b U?L?O?W?!U WJ U1UJU s}? U?"W??Ad?'
sUM d U su u!W b U! w wU!u

W sW?" U U s|u W?" WWz X}JA?} X|W?"W w? W" WU?" Wz vW

W b??? ?WW uz W?? ! W??LW w?"U wJ?? " W$ W?? b??}? UbW W?? " W??U
Wd

WMOJW UUz
w!U?z gU?? U?z wu?? ?Uz WW?? ?" Wz WJ? uW?? + W?? ?! d?? }? WMO?Uz Wz W?? ?Wz
v u}z wW uU sUUz UW wU ! W$ wbU

wU UMW

U?W WU Wz UW s! U?"W?Ad?' wMdW?! sdW Wz W?! Wz

WL} WW W! wbMWz WU U w wUNO wbJ}

WMOJW UUz
d??" wM! uWzW??! d|? wW Wb U?? X? U~| suU? u?}z W?z WW$
uJW? U w!U +U??*? OW U??? Wu| U??? W W??! W??? W W
w 5?? wM W??UM W?? W$ WJ} U?? !u??!W b U??A? O? u??}zW X U~?| +u??
5M|W0 U/U
WM! wMOUz w b}U X}U s! uWzW!

U?? ?U ? b?? O? ? ? ? w?MOU?z W$ W?? ?" e?? W?z ?? wU?W W?? ?" v$ W?? ?! Wz
41

wu W} bU" U" W$ d" U"W WW" Wz uWz W! Wz

WW v" d~W sdW w W sdW! W" v$ UOd uWz Wz

W W??! W$ U UJ U??!U??Uz Wb WM?W W wJ}U??O U W??? *u?}? p}U
WL}z U d" U!U! U!UzW W W! Wz vM}W% p}W" X}uW
UJU?O? Wz WJu b w|u?? XW U??!Uz UW? u?}z W$ v"W e?O? W W?"W
bu U! U wd| W} U d"W
dW U??W? w?}? W?" U?!Uz @W? W??W?" d~ W s} WMO?JW? UUz
W" U w W$ UJW W

W WU??" d??O? w?? W$ W??? W??" sb? u?? v W??W??" Wz U W u?Wz Wz

W" WMW W dO dUz U" WW W$ vu WU wU"W! bU! U W" WW"
U"Wz dO~ X Uu e
b X W?W b? wU?" W$ U??Wu| U??WW?! e? U W?! Wz
W" W U

wJ?U W?? ?WW?? ?? ? u?U W$ X? w?? ? W? WU?J W?? ?" W?? ?W?? ?" Wz
X}U W!W U wLO wU
d" WW"W sW uW WU?" W$ WWz UuU WUz wW Wz UUz
bM U

WU??" u??Uz w U??"e|U wUu? wL??O wWUW??! wU??U uWz W??!

Wz U X b"U d" dO W$ W" vW" wOW

Wz U 4|U?? w U w?W wU?? W?" WWz W?W? W$ X W Wz

W! WMO! wbU w w e|U Wu d" UW W"
wU?WUW 5?? U W?? U?? !W??' bW?? W??" X? Wz uWz W?? ! Wz
v

w U wUW U
w!UW W$ vuU X}?J v wW U?"W U"u?A?" W" W?" wMOA u?} W?! Wz
U dW wW"W w"U

XW wU ?+W W$ bUIu? WL}z w bU?NO UW? W$ W" WU?"Wz W! Wz

WUz W?" W U U W?L}zW XU d?" w!UW bU?L?W$W d" XU?O? W" WU?"Wz s
U" uW+ s

U?OJW U?"W d?" UU W W$ U u" W? U X u" WU?"Wz W

WW U WWW w W$ U?Uz e!bW d" XA?}N~U U wMOUz
wW!U d|W U wMOUz sU s

W$ XW?W? X?|d??" bU??N?O? UW dJU?z W$ W$ XUM?O U??Uz W??! Wz

W? XOW~O d d?"W XO uM? U d"W W??Od WW$ bx?W
WW u!W

UMb??"U WU x? W$ X?| W$ XA W$ W??" U?O?d W?$ uWz Wz

Xu!W' UW U"UU U"UW W" WU W$
v UxW W$ u!W Wz W! Wz

W! Wz
W?? "UU Wz b? v??W? wW?? !U W??" W?? W?? " Wz e?? W?? " U?? O? d ? W$
WOO UU WUJO b wW!U
w?*b??} WU?L?? W??" d?"W W?'W Wz W?? W?" U?O?d ? W$ uWz Wz
WOO U" bW UUu dJ wd| Uz W$ wU

w??W W??" U??N? O U o?u? p?O Wz UUz W??" U??O? d W?$ uWz W??! Wz
W} X}"b} bu wUz WU!WM e} wd"U
XO U UO} 5W Wd" WUUz W

44

43

X} bWMO! w W$ bxW W$ 5 wM wU!W' W! Wz

wU W$ sd? dW Uu W$ U? s u!W UJ U W?OOe U? wd!

X} U d" wMUz wAU!Uz W$ d! WW w*u} U
w UU w!U"Uz dUz d"U u!W W$ uWz W! Wz

d?? ! uM?? W?W$ W?? " Wz U?? N~?u W?? U?? O? ?U U w?U?? U W$ v?"W
d" d}' W wu%
W" W$ wLW ,W UU d! W$ s! WJ wJ|U" W! Wz

W$ pW? U?!W? U?" UW$U d?" d?}?' d?! W?d? UW W?" W?OU??!Uz Wz
WLO+ W+ wUW s Wz X}}U WU" U U"Uz
bU? u?}z s" W$ s?| W/U?O? wU W$ W?" WU W s! XW?W uz Wz W?! Wz
W"

WW U wdW U"WUz UW U b} W d? U W" Wd wU!Uz

U?" U U?"W~?}" vM}?U U?OW pW? U sUz w W?
X|dbW W X U~| wu|W

U?? "u?U W?? " U W?z W s?? ?"b?? } U?? ?? ?"W w?W bJ?} U W?Wz
WW% W wu}$ r W$ U"U%|u"
WW U"d" sd"U W$ w wW Wz W! Wz

Xd??}? sd??'W W??! WW?? w?"U W$ pW?? w?W??!??" WM}W??? U?W Wz

Wz w?U WW?? ? W?Wz ?| Uz wM?|u?? ? W?? ?O? ? O? ? ?? ? wU?? ?!U?? ?W W?Wz
U U WW$ W U Uu UU WW"
U" U wdW X W" bOA!W wU u} Vivanghan
u UW W!WG} garham
7W u| wUWA} W$ vL+U U karapan
46

wU UMW

wU?? !U?? ? WU?W?? W$ u?? }?z U?? "u| Wz U?W?? A? ?} W?z d| Wz U?? "U?z Wz
p|W??U??!W??' u?" WW?$ s s! wU??"W??OU???!Uz U? wW|u?? uWz W??! uM??
WJ W
s} b w! W$ UWA} U"d| U"Uz
U?"U?U wW??U?!W??' UJW?!e?? u?" W??" U w?? Wz W? WWM?uU W?L? }z
sWJ U WMW U"W*W

W$ U WO?O Wz W"U U Wz U wAW! wU WU?W u Wz uWz W!

WW?? v U?"e|U? Wz WW$ ??W U?!u??}z wu? W? wWz w! b?? wUu
s WL}z wWU wUbW W$ u}z dOz 7

g?? W u??}?z vU~ U? W??W?? " Wz W??U d?? " wL?? u W$ u?? }z U?? "u| Wz
UU u 5!WW W$ Wd" W W1W+ W?$W u}z WW wd" nU U"
WW

u}z wU?"UW$U WU!W' W$ wW!uJ? u} sdd?W U!W' WWu u}z W?" WU" W$
uWz W?! W$ +W WW?" XA WW?" U d" W?$ W" WW vM|u ?
U"u| wd~W U s} } U w

wW u}z u}? W" wW1dWz bJ} WU d" Uu d?OW u}z U"u| Wz

4}W U wUWUW U wU w!U+W W$ pW wW!" W

e?? U U W UM?} U bU??U W$ WW?? bWW u?Wz Wz

UUz WW$ u} sdUW UW$ XW" W
wLOKIz U u UOd}zW W W U W?LOKIz W UO U .W+ u 5!WW
WW
u wUW" wU"d"W W$ UW WA}
45

uWz wU??!U? W??}? w?? wM wd?" uW??+ UJ Wb?O Wz U???WW

W!

Uu? U"Wu? d| UW?A} U?Uz W w? wW W?" WW?" Wz

w??W??? ? W?? W??|W??" U wA?? b??!U??"Uz W$ v U? uU W???W? w"U
WMO! wWW

W?!W?" U W$ U?"Wd? wU?!W?'U w~ ? wA??WW W?" rM! Wz W?! Wz

X W$ U?OU??"W?A?} XW w}?U X? W$ U?W?" W?d?O? @M? W$ Uz wd?!
W? W? r wU??WU?" U?"de X? W$ U?"WUz W?d}?! W?L?O W?"W?!$
W"

W?"U d?" wU? U w wU X U?~| wu?}W W?" bWU?" W$ W?! Wz

d?W! u!W W?$ W" d? Wz W!uWz wW?!e W$ wU?WUW wU WU r?
W" v$ XOW!U

W$ W??"U??? *? Oz pW?? wU??A? O r?? U~| w?? wMO?Uz wUM}?W W??" W?A? } W?z rM!
| w?? d?" W U b U??A?O r?U?"u?? A?" wd??" d?? U U~| u? W??LW
WJ U W wU
WOUu W UW? rMO XWW z WLW W" W? uO uWz W! Wz
WJ WW$ U}uu rAOM UOWW$

WWJ U wJA?OW s} U"W"U Wz W?LW Wz XWW uz Wz W! Wz

u!W v 4} v +ULOz WJ v pW? wW!" u!W U WJ dJUz v$ +U s!
pW U?!W U"W?! W$ W~ s U dJUz U?!W UW$ U"W?"U wWUW!
w wMOUz WWJ

e?W WW?" U?N?O? wUJd? UJ?d| u?!W WW? bx?W W$

W U
W?? ? ?!W?? G? ? } WU?? " W?$ U WU W?M| WU?? "U?U Wz W?? " W?U?? " Wz 4O? W?? ! Wz
b gOWW w$W WUW U v UOeOz X

U? wU +W W w? W U?O? U"W?W" WW? W" }?! W$

UW wW!U sJW XW$

X} Wz WW$ WW W! WU"U wWU? WU!W' eO X wMOUz W$ d

W U *$ WOK qOd wWW d UU bW b!*Oz W$

wUUz U wW W UO" W"

48

WUM|u?? W?WJA?} W W U??O?} U?"W?Uz w?dJU?" U U?? wW Wz

U wW!U Wd} W! wM* @ W su

Wz UUz W?"!Wz W?" WWz W W WW?" bx?W W$ U"W?OW?" U"WWW?"

W? WW??" Wz wU?N?O? W$ 4O Uz ?!W?z W?" Wbb?!W??? Wz s UzW s??}U
wW!U" w

UJ Ud}' bWL U"e|U UO WWz X sd"U

r bW?? W b??? ?} e??}? Uu U??" r?d wu UzW? W uWz W?? ! Wz
e|U wW w' Uz W$ wd~W U +u W" WMW W WJ

wU UMW

W? wM?W W$ b?x?? ?W W$ u?U b?U wU?W?? ? wMO?Uz W?$ W?? " W?MW? W
U' u} sdW d" xJ} W WW$ UW Wz WW$ wW w
U"

X}?M|W?~ U ?? ? wU d?? ?" w?U d?? ?O?W W?? ?" v? W?? ?? ? W X?}u W?? ? W?? ?" Wz

wMU d~U W UO W$ W" WJ}WW U haoma

47


wJ}U? X d|?W w?U?"W?L? U? Wd?"d?O U U? U d?"
? W?U?!W' W?W d?" W!W? Wd?" W WU?L? W d?O WuW?"W? U
W" WJA} W!uWz UUW WUOz

wU UMW

WW!uU wu W" XOUM r~ W" v$ WLW Wz

W?? ?" sU?MO W? s! x?? ? W?? ?" v?$ U XW?W uz W?z W?? ?! Wz
W" UWJA}
wu?? ?? ?}?$ W s?! WU g?U?? O? gU?? ?? ? u?? !W?z Wz u?? ? Wz
rW WWJ UOOUWUW

UW UL} W?" WW sW" v$ 5"U d" Uu dO Uu? WL}z W! Wz

sW" U Uz U9 Xu!W'

wJW?? d?" d?O Wb??O wU W$ w? W??" X U?"e|U U??O W?! Wz

U" UU wWJA} d"u d d WW$ sb"U d" U

WJA?} UW b?AU? W?W$ U U?!WW?! W?L}z XW?W uz Wz uWz Wz

wU w u} WM 5UWUW w"U d" wU WWz u!W U UM} u}z
W UW W$ WAO!W WU" dO wU w"UW Wz W! Wz

wU??!W?? ' W$ W??" e??} W?z w?? e??} w?U?? W d?? Uz W??" su?? u?Wz Wz
UJ W+WA! w!U"U ! wu UM! U U dJUzW d" U bO

u??}z +U??W?? W$ u??}z d??" UW?z W?L?W Wz XWW? uz Wz W??! Wz

Wz v UOO U wUu UU W$ WW U UuWz v dO+W'W 5AW
WM?uU?? O? ? W$ WM?OW?? " U?? ? ?W u| U?? U? UJU? W$ W?? L? ?}z
d" u}z W$ U!

gWz e?} U? Uu? w?W u?}z WJu W?LW Wz X?WW uz Wz W?! Wz

d?W?W$ d?U?!U? W?" vMWW r?M|u?}? wW ?}? U?O U?" +u W?" WWz wU?A?O
WJ v U U gUW

WW?" W WJA} u!Wz u? U u%"U? r wU W! Wz

w w"U U~| u| W} s! wM W W} W" X}
W??? } WU??W w? wU?? W??" u??!Wz u?? W Wz U W$ U?Mb??"U W??L? }z
W"W!

WWz W W?" WWz W wW?U W" XU?"WO?O!U"U? U"W?OO? u!W? W! Wz

U U/U"WOO? WLW UOW u?!WH UW WL}zW bW?! XuW s W"
u!WH U WL ! W$ WL}z wW$ XWW uz uU wW!UW WJ

50

49

Wz U?O? WW? XWW uz Wz e?!bW?? Wz dUuW uWz W?! Wz

W?? |W??" W?? " W d?? " W?? !U WU?? " Wz W s?! wU?? "U uU?? Wz W??L?W
u UO}$ W"W! wG| wW 5AW W$ UW

W?"U wUW s|U? w W$ b v Uu e?} e!b?W? W$ WJ?} uWz Wz

W??LW e??} W$ w?? Uz e??} sd??W?! XW?W uz e??} W$ b v e??}
b v rOU$ 5AW

U?? " U~}?? W?Wz Wz b U? w?? r?? d?? W e?? !bW?? ? ? Wz uW?z Wz
u??" WU?W bWM?O? ! U??O W$ W?? " WUW??L? F? ?O W$ , pW?? wU??!uM| r?M}0 Wz ? 4O
W"W! rW} U d"
Uz wUU~O w"U wUNO W$ bW?UALO 5!W$W U w"U sWJ} UMW!W u
UO e|U W!WW Wd' U wU wW! v UMW!W u!Wz

 U!W W" u" U"UW b WWz d"

d| W" W?W XW" UW W? e wW U W?! Wz vW

W" u}W U wW$W
d| b?U u?? O? ?? A? WUW?UW W?? " W? wbU?? w?? w?MOU?z W$ W?? !Wz
uW U U"Uz d" wU Wz WJu X} U" U"Wu

U"d" sd"U U"U sdU W$ u!WH UUz W! Wz

UW? b?!W W$ U? e?} wUuW XW?W uz Wz W?LW Wz uWz Wz
w!W! U?"W U rJ} s! U WJ U?Uz W+ u wU?"bW wU W?W$ W" WAU?
W!WJ U U u}z

bWW W?" d" U wU?' UM"W!Wz wd?}!u? uWJW wUO W?! Wz

U??O?? W pW?? wW??!?" W? wUM! wd?? d??" W??L? U?z wu
WU!U" Wz U U d" w wM wud}'
W U"U u!W s! wuOA UW v rU UNW s! XWW uz Wz

? U W?W bW?WU d"W? WUO?"W U??Wu| wUW?A} W?! Wz

U"WW W! w WW%
W??" WWz WM?! wMOUz W??W$ d?e?}?W s! W$ U??? W u| W??A? } W??W
U UOWW U~| bxW W$ 5 wM WW"W

WU??W?? " Wz W WU? WK Ud??' U?U s" W$ W?? ! e??!bW??? ? W??! Wz

U?"u| bW 4OU wu?Uz U? e?O?W b Uz UW$U W?U d?"W
bWz bO wMOUz WW$ gOWz WL}z W$

wA??W U w U d?" WL?}z X U? U uWz W?! Wz

U bW WMO! w uO WMO+W U Wz W e!bW

uz W?? ? LW? u?? ?" b?U?? ? N? ? O? ? ? W W?$ wW? u w?UW?UW? uW?z Wz

WU e}W w wU e!bW XWW
b wM?W W?? W?$ wUM?!W W??" W?Wz wu??O? ?? A? bU W?? ! Wz
XWW e!bW XWWuz WLW u" wU

u!W WU!Wz W wbWUO gW WO?O wu W!U" wMOUz W! Wz

WU wJWW vWz W" WU Wz WO u!W U u!WH
WJ U!UUz U d" X U~| W$

X U~| W$ W" w?U Xu U?Wz XM!W W" W"U d?" U~| Wz uWz Wz
U wbW?!d?O u?!W wU W?" U~}? WzW? U"W?U?O?u? w d?" X? W?" W?"U

52

51

UU uWz

54

53

WU?? ?"Wz U?? " U?? ?Uz wM?? ?AW?? ? W$ pW?? U?? ?!W?? e?? !b?W?? ? ? 4?|u
UJ WW VW' Wz W$ vuU W" U U" e!bW

d" v$ UOd s! U WLW W" WU" W$ uWz W! Wz

wU ? U?A?OU W?!U??"W bx?W W$ WW Xbu?} b??W?" W?W$ XO?}?" Wz
wU w"UW WOU

wW? e??}W U?W U??W??O? "W? XW wM! W?? " X Wz W W?U??"Wz

X} VOWW W v u% w bU*W W$ U , w
rO U wM! WUW U W?L|U W/ WU" Wz U W! Wz

bx?W W$ d?" v$ U?O?d s! WU? WL?W W?" bWU?" W$ uWz W?! Wz

WOU
?? d?? O d?? Uz wbW?b??}? gU?? ? e? U?? W Wz W 3 w?U w"UW?
WLU w wMW rA W!W" w W$ dO X}W Uu e} UW WLU

sW" v$ e?!bW s! W"U?U!W b s! wMO? wM w$W X Wz

WJu? W?L? }z W$ W??d???O W?W XJ|U??O?d? W u?? wW U???*? }z U?? W?L? }z W??? } U
e??} XW??" v$ U?O? d gW??W??" Wz W??| e?}?W wJ|U??O W$ W??"U?O? d
Wb u" bW9u+ wJ|UO w! wUUzW vu W" WUuW bWz WW Wz

d??}?' w?U?"W??"d??O W$ U? W??"W s?! U W??LW WU??" Wz uWz W??! Wz

wW?? !??"W? wM w?!UW wb?UW?? s! b W?? W?? U?Uz wU w?"UW d?? "
! W?} WMOUz sd?"U sd?"U u?!W'W W?" dO WMOUz Wz W? pW
s! Uz

WJ? w?? wM w?Md?? U W?? *W? X Wz s?!W XU?? !W?? ' W?? " WU?? "Wz
WM} UuW? wWz W?W$ d W?$ W W?| WMO?! w W$ W Wz w?
56

wU UMW

uWz W! Wz
X}?$ W?? L? U~U?? ?" W$ X?W?? " W d?? ?! wU?? ?"Uz U?z u?? !W w?u W?? ?"
XWJ W uW+ Uu WWz wU"W$U!Uz U"WUz WL|U
v +U w"U U W' , dW w W$ +u U b s! w?W!U e!bW Wz
WAW

u??}? sd???"U? sd?? "UW WW ? w?WW? Uz W?" Wz u?? X}$ W??! Wz

wWW? | wW??!W U wU U?? Xu??!W?H U?W? v W? v wU??!U? W??W$
XOAW w

v w?U W?$ wU?? ?O wU? W$ W?? ?" U?? ?O Wz X?} d?? ?? ? "U U W?$ su?? ? uW?z Wz
W?!U+W? Wz W d W?L?}z sd" w?M|uM| uW X? U~| W W??* W?L?}z W
Wz wU"W"U bW'Uz uWz WU W"
WL}z wM|uM| W u W"U U W" d}!u Wz W! Wz

wW wU e? W" WU" Wz u?OU U UuW bWM?O! wUN?O W$ U?! W! Wz

W?O? O?? e??} W?" d??Uz W?*? }? W??W?" wW W$ W? W W?W?z w?
s! WW" b"U d" e} WW$

r$W? W? W?" U W v wU??N?O? W$ U?? W?"W U? Wz u?Wz W?! Wz

W?? W??Wz s! w?U?"d??" U??"W w?U W??" r??AW~}? wU w"UW? X
vWz W"U
W$ W?" W WW?d? d? U?"Uz U W WW?"U U? d?" U wU U
WW" UO UO"W W$ XOU Wd W"U WuW bxW

uMO! bW? W?W$ w|U U xW U?"Uz b WU?" Wz W! Wz

U?? WM| U??" d?? ' w?? bU?? N? O? W?$ ?? d??"W W?? " W??LW u?U??
55


WW?" WUN?O? W$ pW w?W!?" v r} w?W W" v$ U?O?d uWz Wz
U??O? U? d??" WWz w?? W UUz d?? U??O? "U d??" w?U wW? r W
s !U" UOW vW
U w?A? W? U??! X? Wz X W?? "U U?? O W?z w?? Wz W?? ! Wz
wJWW U u! Wz WxW wW

gMW'Uz U UW wMUNJ}? W$ b s!W W" UOd W$ uWz Wz

W" W?W" e?}W Wz W WU? U"d}?Wz UW W?" WO}?" WW" U?"WOO? w"U
W} u W" U!Wz vWz W W~U!
+e d w WU!Wz W" Wz Uu s! W! Wz

ud?? W?? W?$ wU??"W?U??L? ?Uz d|W$ w?M W??W?? " W??" U?? O? d? W$ uW?z Wz
? W??"W? WUM?} U W vW?" d??" oW? wU??"U?O? U?"Uz W?" W??"U
d" bu w u
d" U gW! U W! Wz UUz

wJU pW?"W wU"U W?" WW v" Wz b 3 W?" UO?d W$ uWz Wz

UWW$W? W?" W?O?}" d?" X W? W$ Wd?" WW? ? wW? W?" W?O}?" d?" oW?
d" oW U WW s}W U1W W" WWz W W uO

Wd?" X}?d?" rOU?!W?'U Wz v? Wb U?"W?"U UJU? wU e?

w

s?! WU ? W$ s! U?J WM?O? ?U ? W?? LW? W?? " WU?? " W?z uWz W?? ?! Wz
wU w"UW
U?? ? ? " v?uU? W?? ? ? " O? W? U?u? W?$ W?? ? ?" W?? v W?U? Wz W?? ? ? ! W?z
W" wM! wOWW b bWMO! w W$ W" u% WU Wz W Wz wMOAWW

uz U?? "UW X?W??"W? m| s! W$ ?? wu?? UW? U b?? O? "U?? U?? O W$ W?? Wz

5??b?W b??!?? wW? W??W$ U r b?? W e??Oz wU?u UU?? W$ X?WW
W??O? O? uW??+ U? wMOUz W?W WU??" W?z wU??L? U?z wU??!W??' wW?|u?? Wz W?Ju
sW" W UOub} sW uW

UO?} d" Ud?}' Wz s" WMU w?O?!UMu WLW W?" WU" W$ W?! Wz
W wUA|W wW wU?!U W}? W" XWJ W"u*W U?W! W" U
wUM w"UW WU" Wz w wW

W$ U? WWz ?W ? w"U wU X uWz W?! Wz

U W$ Uu e} u wW O WM w? W w"U W WW" }
s UW u" e!bW w W$ W u
s"U U d" wU W" Wb WWz wU u e!bW Wz

uWz Wz
uz U?Uz Wz wJ?W??W? u??! s?! W??" W?Uz w?? W UU?z u??!W?? H s?!W rd ? W$

wU UMW

wU"W?WUz X wU"W W$ d w!U?" WW W$ X wU?"UO?d w$W } W?M|u

W$ bW W" Uz W?| UOd Wz qO$W wL?OdOz wW wU?"UOd WU d?O U/Uzu+
U wM|u? 5 gWz u r?Od?O?z wW U?!W W?"W w? W U?O?} U?u?}?!
w"U U u uWJW W?O?"u wU?u?" W$ W" U? W?'uz W$ rOd?Oz wW? wMW
d! W$ u bd?}z w W$ rOdOz W?" X}MO*W WO?OW dW wJ|U W?" Uz w!U! U

rOdOz v X Wu"
58

v$ U?Od W W WU WK e? W" U? Wz gWz UW UW? uWz Wz

b 3 W"
uz U?O??W U UJ d?}?' wAU?O? U? Wz w+W e? W W?! Wz
X} U9 U d" W" b wW!U WL}z } XWW
gW! U' wWUML} WM|u wO!UMu tusna maiti
57

bW 5?? wM w?M! W??" WW d?|??W W?? ? !W??G? } ? W??" rW??" W?? "W Wz
W" UUU!W WOuW

uWz Wz
W?O}?" r|Wz UOW?W$ W" ? UW*?+ W" bW? Wz ?O W$ v r} W?" UO?d W$
W??" W?? W Wz 4! W$ W U??" U??" W$ W W??O?}? " W?O? O?? W
WJ WW$ wUW vU s! wM!W vU Wz UUz W!U" U" W bM! WW$ wu}$

uWz Wz
Wz d??}MO W?!W??% ? W$ u?| +u K v r}? W?" U?O? d W$
bW X}W Ubu} b?O W?W$ s X X|W UU s+ U!W'U W?" WU
WOO UO"U d" WU U U!Uz

uWz Wz
W$ wU!W?'W U w e?}W w W?!b +u K v s!W W" U?Od W$
UW wU?!UW?U W ! Wz U??WW b XW? vWJ v?W+ wW W?A
4}N

uWz Wz
WW? W~ U?? U??U? Uu?? W?? Wz W?? " wu ? UUz v? s!W W?? " U?? O? d ? W$
UU WW~ XWW uz wW!UW
XWz Uu W!U" wW!U U?*| W W$ W" WU1W Wz wMdU WW$ W W! Wz
XWW UO!U"

uWz Wz
W wMOUz UW XA W" dO e} Wz WO}" v s!W W" UOd W$
U wAW! U d?" W" Wz WU wAW U!bW? Wz dJUz v W! Wz
b wW X wW!U U U! d}M dJ}

60

wU W?$ W?LW U?Uz UMb?"U? wW?!U W?M| U? d??"W e?!b?W?? XWW

WMO! w wU WU" WL}z
W! Wz UUz
d" oW vW" XOW Uz Uu

uWz Wz
d" oW } e!bW uU W" u!WH s!W W" UOd W$
U U w W$ u" w*W wOOd'W W" WW"
W! Wz
rUM WWz u!W UbW'Uz U e!bW W" X|W! s!

uWz Wz
U WW$ U wu}$ W W|W" s! w K v r} W" v$ UOd
rd? W?? ?LW? XWW? uz W?$ gOU? w U? W$ w?U?? ?"W?? ?OU?? ?u?? ?!U?z Wz
d U X u}W

uWz Wz
wM|uM| W?W?!u rM|U?d?O wJW? w?M e|U W?" s! UUz v s?!W W?" v$ U?O?d
Wz WM?| WMO??! W?? WW?? Wz W??" v!b Uu??! +u b??O? ? w!U??+W?? W$ Wz
uu UO WLW XWW uz W! W" U~}

uWz Wz
s! WW?" U wUL?Oz w U? pW UUz v? s!W W" UO?d W$
W" v wu}$ u'W uOW U WUNO WU W"W WM Wz W UO}

uWz Wz
wM s! W?" WUW" Wz WU?" WU?!W' U"e|U U?Uz v s!W W" UO?d W$
d" d}'
59

5UU W WW$ WL}z wWUM! U wMOUz X* U!Uz d" wWW

u??} W$ W?Wz W??" U??? U u?? wM!W? bU UW?? W$ U u?Wz W??! W$

W??? W wu bU?? w?U wU??" W$ W?? s! W??" WM? Wz WW??"W W??Wz u??}z
s wULOW W!W

W" W*+ d"U UNO W" W UW

W d" oW wUNO W" Wz d?" rJW U!Uz UM} rO wMOUz s! W! Wz
Wz U U O" gOM d" U d| w"U UM}
wu?? ?!W W?? "U? W?? W u?? ?!W W?? ?" uWz W?z W?? O? ?O? Wz Uu? W?? "
vM}W%

u!W wM'W W?" Wu Wz } U u wM!W d?"U uWz W! W UW

W"U
WW bU? w"U d" W?}? W$ X Wz WU?!W' WM s! U ? W" WWz
} dW! u!W W$ W" W$ wUWUW U

XWW uz Wz
uWz W??! Wu??!W U wU U?u? W??" W Wz W??" wAU?? r??W Wz
UM}? w"U UW?? W$ WW?z WJu X?|W s! e U?? ?? w"U? UU e?? }W
UJ UUz sU pW W" WW$ s! v UW Wz U

s uU W$ u W" WWz u!W bM u!W

W$ W?UWU?W w?W U?? !U?? ?? ?!U?? " w?? w?W W?? " s W?? ?b?? }
wWuU b wWW w W$ uWz W! W" WU!Wz s bUW$U ! WL

W???*? }z vW? v U uWz W$ W?U gU??? d??" v X| X?"U wU W??Wz

dO Uu d?" U~| w$W W WMO! w wU"U~| ? + UW X|W!
U?? 5UM u?Wz W??! U?? L? O?u XW?W uz wW?? !UW W?U??" W$ W?? "U??U?9 U
62

uWz Wz
K? WJ UzW? W w?M?? AW?? w?!U?? " +u K v? r}? W?? " v$ U?? O? ?d
wMOUz w W? v w X|d" UUz d v$ U?dW U" W!W?% +U"W +u
sWJ xJ} WOO u} W" WW" Wz wUO W$

uWz Wz
5U?! W?? W$ wd s!W b?? W?" W?$ X W?z v s!W WW U??O?d
uz wW?!UW wMO?A?W g wW v? bUW? u" d?? W?'W W Wz W?
s! w WU XWW

uWz Wz
??O? ? p}?? W??"W U?? F? ! ! X b?? W??" Wz v? r} W?W U??O? ?d
UUz Wz wUNO W$ Wz e W$ s! WOO UO W$ e U"

WW?" U ? Wz bJ}U W?$ U wJ|bu WM? su U"u| W?Wz UO?d

Uz 5 w? wM W WU?!Wz uJ U?OU?"WUz u"U U U?W" ZO?uz
u" U uJW WJ Uz W W"U X|U U"uA" UUu

wU UMW

uU WJ?e W$ W?" WU?W??" Wz UUz 7'U?U?z WW?!uU Wz W??" W?*?+ U?? *?}z
W?"U W$ s! wU?"bW W s! wU?"W b v r|u? w wM ?W WM X|WU
WdJUz } s! Wz WJu
wU?!W W" W?W Wz W U"W?OOd U?!Uz W! Wz we?Oz rMW U?}
d wJ|U? U~ ? wUzW U?" @U d? UU wMOUz u?}z WM}?W? Uu?
X}MWA v$

WW?? W w"U W?W?? W?? " U U U? wUW?? WW?? W? UW?? U?? ? *? ?}z
61

W" UUz U U"Uz WU!W

W! Wz
W" uW+ 5 wM wU"WOU!Uz u!W W" U uU" Wz U W"
sJ}UW" UUU W| WLW WWz
uWz Wz
W UUz b} Wz

WW 5? wM wUW?A}? W$ U" d?W U?U W?W W?'W Wz

s pW wU"bu W$ U! W! Uz
W! Wz
W$ v"W W???} UJ Wz U?%? UU? W$ W??W W?z W?" rJ}?W?" wM?U Uu?
W}M| w"U w wMOUz U~| s}JW W} vu U wU"A}

W ?? w?W? wJ|W X}u?? W?O? O?? wM W ?? W??" WU Wz

UM! U? UJ U?? W?z WU??L? ? ?!W s!Wz U?~}?? wW?W?? W$ UJ w?M|uM| X? U~|
b e wW wM W$ Wz WW suW uA} wU"WMU

UJ U??" W?z vu W??" Wz W? b UW W??" v W?z Uu?? p}U?z vU??" W

U?bW?'Uz WU?" U*? W Uz Wz U?!u vW? UJ v$ wG| W wW?!U
U!Wz W| UW bU u" W wW!U gWz UW
uWz Wz
wW d wJ}?W X w bU v?W X W WUNO? UW W$ W
d u" w

W! Wz
W??" W?? LW Uz d?W?? b Uz X?|W s! W?? W?? | XW WU?? " W$
s! wAU bU W} vW" 5 wM b}W
uWz Wz
64

U Wz wAU UU W$ U! WU

U? WW Wz Uu W! WJu W?" U? U? w"U wWUM! W W?! s}

U?!Wz 5UMO? w"UW b U!Uu u?Wz W! U WUJ U p?U WL?}z wU
U/U"Uu U?"uA"W b W"W? bMO wM W}? W$ U d"W
UJ d' U!WU!WM

wW??!U U?" U W??A?O?!W? W?W?" Wz d?~ v$ e| W?" g?U?? W??! s}

X?W?W u?z g?W?? ? ? ?!W?z X?} U? w?U? X?|d?~ v?$ e?| u?W?z W?? ? ? ?! W$ U?J?
Uu e?? } su? s! wW? W??" vW?? ! Uu?? ! u U??O?M!W W?? LW
s bW!dW Wz UW WJ W$ U" W!e

uWz W! Wz
W$ sd?'W b? !W? w?WW U?N?O W? W?' W d? wJW? WW?!W?$ W?" W?W?" Wz
w d U u" gWz w"U wM U W} UJ U"u|

wU UMW

U??"W??A?}? UWz r s?W? W??!U??" p}? U??" uM U??" W??!WJ

s! w?U??!U?? WM? W??O? ?O U wJ?|U??"Uz g?OU??"d?| W??" v$ . U?? "W??O? ?OU?? ?
+u v r?} uWz W?! Wz W?L?}$ U?O?+ 4!W w??W wbW?
WJ U

W! Wz
W?? " W?? + W W?? O? O? +d?? ' wU?? !U?? W?z W W$ + ?? wW?? v ? Wz
s -W v uW
uWz Wz
u"W b s! d?" U w$W WW rOWK? W" WUJ s" W$ Wz
W??? } W??" W$ 5?? w?M W$ s! W??!U UW? v W??"W??? wW??!U W??" p}???
63


wM W?? W?| W??" W UJ U??!U? X? U?!W???O? ? W??" U?!W?? ?O W?$ WW v"
v W w
W?! v WW? U bU?N?O? W$ W?" WWz e? Wz wMW b W W?" W?W?" Wz
Wz gW??L?}z U?" d?' W?z wU?!U? W?L?W W?L?*?+ W?U?" wbU? wU? guWz
U!Wz WMOM} w wM bU U wW

X Wz
bU W} u! wW! wMOUz wb} W W" WMb"U Wd! Wz WO}"
WUJ W U U~ WOUU W X|WN Wz WW"
w wM wuOA bU W} U" w!U"Uz W$ W" VUu U" Wz
uWz W! Wz
U~| W?? WM| W?" WU?d??! Wz U d?" U? U wL?W W?" W?~U Wz
UOWL*+ WW" fW wbU wJ" Wz wU W$ g w wM

U?O? W?W$ W U W?!u?}?z W?W$ Wz U?OU??!W??O? ? Wz U?O?? WW Wz

wM?OUz 5?!W?? "W w"U?? ! w?? ? WJ?u U?? w?W WW?? " w?? ? Ud?? " W? u?? }z WW?J
WOOuWz

W? WL?}z bU? w?WW W Wd?}!u? Wz W?W$ U ? W?u?W?' Wz

s U"U WWW W$ W" sW"
u?}? WU?N?O? W$ W?" WW?Wz wUWUW w WU?"e?|U U?? U~}? Wz
W}M}W U wd'W W b|W$ uWz W! u U d" wWUM!

W?" w?uU?N?}$ U??"e|U W?U??!W?' wU b?? U~}?W?$ Wz ? VU??!U? Wz

uz UJUW? W?" uWz W?! w? w?MOUz UM} W$ U??"b?O?' U?U?O? W UW?

W"UUz WU!W' W$ s! w UNO

W! Wz
b v$ W!W WW W$ wM! wMUz UW W" WW"W W Wz weOz u
? W"W?U ??Wz wU W?}? X|W s! W?" UU U?"Uz d?O Wz U
X} Wd wu dW v U wU W$ W" vW$W W|W~

v U??U?" U?bW??'Uz W$ u??"U U W?L? }zW U? W??"W W?" d??}?!u?? Wz u v"

sd~ e| U UU
u?z W u?? ? u?? ? W?z X?WW? uz w?U?? ? "W W?? ? " X?|W U? U?? ? !W?? ?
W d" UOd WLW W$ XWW

uWz W! Wz
wM wU?!W?' W$ W?" W Wz U U?O W?z wW W?WJ bU? w?WW W?" v$
d W$ W" w?AW gU?O W" WWz u?!W WW$ U Wz U" ?W w
WMW 5

W$ U??OU?O? W$ 5 d W? W?W? W?" W?Wz W U?"WW??" U?"WW?W?"

U w?db?? } ? WU?? !WM? W$ U?? U W?UW U?W W?? " W?Wz sW?$ WM| b?uW??
W" v UO*UU U" pW wUAO Wd U~|

U"W WUJ U e?!bW wUJ} W}? W$ XWW uz W" WU" Wz

W$ guW?z W?! U?" uW??+ U?O?}$ W?L?W w UW?' wU??A|u? W?+
U" U Wz bxW

u X w!e Wz W W 5!W wA u} Sapitaman

W$ x?? ? W W?? ? " WJ?|d U? X w?M W?$ Wd?? ? " w+U? UU?? ? !W cinvad U cinvat
*?Oz wM uW wM W$ W?" dUz W$ U?"Wd WW U?"W"U W?W
d4 O d s} W!W

u X wUuOA W$ v"W VU!U d VUu d Farasustar

u X wM W W" WOO wJ}WU!WM U Faryan

u X U"uW" e WWz W U W wA 5!u u} Hactasp

66

65

wW UUz W U?W w?W XM}W WW"U wW uM?O!bW? UJUW

d~ dW wU"W"U WLFO W$ su

uWz W! Wz
w+U? WU?? " Wz W? Wz Uu?? w?? ? wM W?? W?M} X?|W U WW?z sd?? '
W U? XWW uz e?? !bW??? uMO??!b?W??? wW??!UW d?? Uz Wd??"
WWz XW XW w

wU UMW

W$ w??W W??" Wz X}? U?$W?z X}??U W U W??" WU U????!Uz Wz W X?WW

WW" Wz v!b w"U d" w sd"U W" Wz e U" W s! wMOUz
W W e UJ W X|W
XWW uz Wz W! Wz
s! u X* wU!W' WWz W" UU W u}z wU"Wu s! u} W

w!U?$W?z WM! w!U?"W W?z X|d~W s! W U?~W W?? w?M W$ W?" W??W?" Wz
vu? u?}? W??}? WU?N?O? W$ b?} d wJ}U?N?O? W?" W?W?" Wz W?U e? b
U~ wW wUz wWW e b Uu
W| s! wU!W' wW!UW WUUz Wz wMdUU W" vW" Wz W! Wz

uWz Wz
U?"u| UJU?u? W?" vMWW v W??W w? U?" wU?! WM?W? vU?"
w?W r W?$ d?? " U? wA?U?? O? W?? " W?Wz W?? ? U?? ? wd?? d?? ?" e?? ?W
s uW

uWz Wz
wM?AW? g} WWz U?Od? w W?" W$ XWJ U?Uz W?" v$
U?? *?}z WU?N? O? W$ su w?? wW U?? W U?U we?? x?W
4|W XW
WUNO W$ WOO"U w!UW UOd Wz w! WdJUz

U" UW U! W! U uWz W" WWz U wd! U!Uz sd"U

W! Wz
Wz w"U??! W??"U?" w?MOUz W$ U d?O? ? w?* +W?? wW?!UW v U? wd?!
U~} dO WM

W! Wz
W U?U d??" Uu?? d??O W?$ vU??" U d??" Uu?? d??O U? W??" W??d??! Wz
W$ Wz W} X|WNO U?! W w wMOUz WUJ X|WO U"W U"

WJA??} U d??" d?O? Uu? 5?? wM u?MO?!b?W?? W?? } W??" W?d??! Wz

X}AW v wbU wd' U"e|U wUu uWz W! Wz UJ

WW W?MW?%? O U d??" U u?? UW v? d?? U uM?O?!bW??? W??" Wz

WW W! WUJ pe uWz W?! W vu d! W" W"U d?O Uu d"
X}U d!

W! Wz
wUz W?LW? W?W$ U?O?d U W$ W??" Wz uMO?!bW?? wW??! U wU
b} wuUz W~}" e!bW WU" Wz d" oW WL}z WM} U

W! Wz
W?" Wz U??W w? W? uMO?!bW?? wU?!W?' W$ U?? W?" u U?"W??W Wz
v UW UdN}! UW w WW$ v WUu U U W"W

uWz W! Wz

68

67

wU UMW

4|W~ v dJUzW WLW

WOO w wMW b}W Wz wU W" we v bU

W! Wz
wWW w*?O W?" s?U W W?" wJW? wW?!?" WU? s! w!UW W?"
Wd??" x?W WMO??" W?$ Wz WJu W?? W?? W$ U??"W?WW??"
XW WWz W" 4}W W! wW UU Uu

W! Wz
U U!U? W wUz s| d?}! u?} W?} U9 U?! U" W$
wu?? s|u?? W???W W$ W??L? ?}z wW?? !U WM| W?Wz WU??!U?? " b??O? ? ? U??"e|U W?? W$
U d" WW U$WzW W" sUW" e|U bW

W! Wz
w? wM W$ U d?" wd?" u?W?+W U? W?" wbU? WU?!Wz
W" W
W" U" W$ UJ!W W w WW WMO" W" WU!Wz

wU UMW
W?" Wz Uu? s! bJ}U? W$ WM!W u? W? sdW? bMO W?" ?}?! W$ U?*?}z
WJ UU X U~| W W!W% U"!u U"
W! Wz
Wb W"U wU Xb UW W" v$
WLW Wz
bMO d}M U!W W!

WW? wd?? ! Uz W?? |d?? " u?? p?W?? w?W??!?? " W$ w?? u?? X*? W??W?$ bx?? W
U"WW!W

e!bW Wz
WJ wUU W W$ U dO wU d" U wUU W" v$
W"W! VOWW U!UJd wUU uWz Wz
e!bW Wz
? e??HUz U??U?O? U? wU U?! u??}? WM w?JW? U??!W? W?" W? s! UJ
XWJ WW' U"WUz s|

W?? LW d??" U?W?? W??L? }?zW U e??}? U wU??! u?U?? u??}? e?? !bW??? ? vW
bUIu wU wd}! WLO U"WUz
b s? W$ U?? O? ? XW?W uz w?W?? !UW U?? O? UMO? UW?? W$ u?Wz W?? !
b} W wU"eHUz

X W" 5? wM wdJuW+W s} s"U wU Uu WU?W" Wz Wz UUz

W WWz WW% U W$ WMO" wWUM} U wd!
uWz Wz
s wW!U"W wU! W$ WUWUW s"U d" wU W" vU+uKW! Uz

W! Wz
W?z WW?? ? ? !U?? ? ? " s?! ? U v?W? W? ? w?U W?? w? W?$ w?"U w?d?JW?
U?? "d?? " W?? ?LW w?W?? !UW W?z XWJ? XWW? uz WJ?}? ?UW W?? ?" W
WW" W" U"U"e|U wM}~WbW

XWW uz Wz W! Wz
W" s! W$ WW W" WW$ dUu WW de}W u}z W" 4|uM W"

X W bMU W"WOU' bU
u X UMW u| wUU W$ v"W Bandva
70

WMW u} W$ wU"W! W Hamastakan:

69

X}W U?ObuW XWW uz WW$ W?ud?'W Xb U W?AO!W? u Wz

wb - WMO! w
uWz Wz
U!Wz WMO wU"d} d! W$ W" sWz Uu Wud' s!

U"WU?!W' UI?u sW !U+ wbUW? W" 5? wM bU UU~O VU?!U

X|W
bx??W W?$ W?" s?e Wz u??!W X}?W xJ} XW? W??W$ W??? U Wz
d U sd"U w wW w

W! Uu Wz W! Wz
e|U U?U W$ W?J} U?"e|U w? W w W?"U w?d u?
Xe|U Wz W v e}W U

d??O d?" U W??" WWz d??! W$ d? w?UU? W? W?U??!W?' W?M WWz

WOO UO"U
WUWUW? ? U?U w?WW wW?!u? W?$ WW?" bU w!U??"Uz W$ WWz
U"W wU! U d! WM

WW!U" U XWW uz Wz
w +uOA u W" v$ XOW!U r W" s! WLW Wz
uWz W! Wz
v$ UJ XO? bU W UJ W?" w?MW?'Uz W?! ? WU gU???W s!
s! wW WWJO d"U WMOAW wW W$ W" Wz W"

wU UMW

U s?! w WW v?W?? " WU?? N? ?O? ? Wz wU? wu W? U WW?z s! U?? O? ?d

b
72

U ?}? ? wWU?d??! w? W$ U??!U?z Wu bMO W?" ??}?! W$

s! W$ U~| Wz U?Od W?} WLW W?W$ U U" uW+ e?!bW? W" X|W
ud

W! Wz
WWz u?!W WWz s! w?Uz d U !U?+ u? w? W?L}?z wMOUz W$
w U~| W WM} u v$ UO U~|
W"W! Wu!Uz U"WW WW$ W" v$ U s! WMOJW Wz

wU!W U?!Wz W W| u? u" U bW?!" U W$ WO?O U UUN?O dO WWz

bx??W W$ Wd??' Wz d?? d??" s!W???W?z wbW wJW?? U??
UOW W} WUW wWU W" U"u| U~} U+W!

W! Wz
WLW W?W$ UNO wWu?Ou W" Wz wW WJ bU W$ w wUO?!U"
e!bW UMUz W} XWW uz u| UW b d
uWz Wz
WMO! w WMW" bJ}UW" Uz WW$ Wz

XWW uz Wz W! Wz
wW??!UW +u?? U U?" WW??% WW b?UUu W$ Wz W??" v$ U W??L|U U?? }$
W!WJ x bUNO W$ w wMW bW u}z wLKO X*

W! Wz
rM|uM| W r}$ uWz W?z gWz XWW uz W?LW WU~ W*?+ Wz
b W w?? wM wd?" uW??+W W?" W Uu?? W? U?" W??A?} U?" u??!W?H
b w"U W wUz U"uA"W

wUWUW w Wz uWz W! Wz
71

+U?! b?!? wU W?$ U UJ d?}?' s!W ? wMO?Uz W?LW u|u?}W X?* U?bW?'Uz
sUUz WWW X|WW w dWW

WLW Wz XWW uz Wz W! Wz
??O U? u??W u??}z u?? "U W??" U??? A?U??O W??L?|U U??? }$ W?? " U?? Wz
b rOW!U u WM} Uu e}W W UUO bW!W

XWW uz Wz W! Wz
W UU W Wd" x wUJ}?W W" Wd W wU"dW Wz
d?" WuW W?" wW W$ U W" U?O?A?UO U?"e|U WM|W UM}?NW +U?"W? u?}z
W"W rW} U!Wz WM| U

XWW uz Wz W! Wz
w+??%? O?z 5??W gU??? d?? "W ?? u??% wU? WU~ r?? W?? " WU??" Wz
v U U d?O? W?A?O?!W u?"UW r??"b?} Wz U W?"b?} W?UW W?"U
d~ dW W"U wU W$ , w wM W

WLW Wz uWz Wz W! Wz
s! wU?? W$ WU?? N? O? W$ w?W w!U??$W?z uU W$ d?? " r"U d?? " wW
UW wu?? wJA??O u??" WW$ U??U?!W !W?? e?? WW wu?? wW b??WU
wAUO Uu!W UW uU"

XWW uz Wz W! Wz
,U??' W Wb?} U?u e?} W?U?" Wz U s?UM bW?? W~AU???W u?? Wz
W?"U W$ wW wW?!U?" WW~ wJW? wW?!?" W" UJ? wH?u$W UN?O?
X} UOOWW

W! dW? W" v$ U?OW!U s! W?" WU" W$ W?LW Wz XWW uz Wz

X} s! d U wu WO}" W!uOU wW W" uWz

W! Wz
wUz w? WU?? U?? WMW W W?Uz W Uu?? W??" vW?? " wu??Wz W?K
X}W WW wU"uA" Uz WWz
UW Wu UU W" WWz W UW$ W W|W U 5 wM WW W" Wz
XWz v wUO W W XWW bxW W$

W! Wz
XM}?W W?L?W uU?? u|u??}W XWW u?z UJU wW??!UW W??" Wz
w W?$ w?? wM v?u wWz e?? }W? W?? " U??O? Wz Wz u? W?? A? W?? ? W
wUz WU% W$ U WUJx bW w}

uU Wz WLW Wz XWW uz Wz uWz W! Wz

W$ d?}/u? W?" U?"d?" WM|u w!b?Wz U W?" U??AU?? r?W U s! U??*?}z
WU?J W?MO?? ?? ? w?MO?Uz w?W?? ?U?? ?!W?? ? ' U~| W?$ wW?? ??U?? ?!W?? ?' w?Uz
U!W

XWW uz Wz uWz W! Wz vW
5Ud??N? O? ! WM?}?N? !U?W u??}z WJu ,U? W???}? u??}z wu??? }$ wU??$ W?$ W?" W? r}$
WW" UL} UU wWW W$ WL}z wMW U dJUz wW!UW

W! Wz
v$ U w?? U Wz W X? W?? gU??O b?MWz W??? !W??G? }? UWz
U"
d" VUu U" U Wz
? WW$ U?"b?} UW$ wJ|?O?" w!bWz W$ d?! wU"d?" d?! U W$ v X
WUU X| bJUOW w!bWz W$ UW d" XWW WU
wu wWW W v u U~} W carzaman

74

73

UUWAu

76

75

W! Wz
w?O?WW WJ b W?O?O?!W?"W? wU?" W$ d?? WU e?}? WL?W u| u?}W
s!

W! Wz
Wz W?!W?J U WU W W?z W??*u??} WJu W??" W?*?+ XWW??! W$ U?? *?}z
wW W?? ? } W??" WUW?$U wd?? Wz X?W w?? wW W?? ? } W??" W??O? OU?? !U?? w??
X}MW~ UUW wM vu W" U W!WG} vW wW

W! Wz
W$ v W?Wz U??Wu| U??WW?! e d?"u? wMUz W?*?}? d?UzW
wW U w wW !U+ vM WUAO bU"WUO

W! Wz
Uu?? d? wW??" X| wUJ?W?? Wd?? WW1d?Wz W W$ W??"W??" d?W??W
W??? } W?? "U wU wU?M}W U? XWW uz W?$ W??" W??O? O wM?! wub??} d?UW$
UU

W! Wz
X|d~ w wM W$ W" Wz WO}" W U?!WO w W" UO Wz u"

wU UMW

U?"WO?O? W U?!u? W d"U? @WW' W$ d?u d?"U wU' wMW?! W$

WW! uFH!U! wd! e

W! Wz
U wU?"d" X}?J} W?" WJ}?W" w? dW sd?U d|?W U w
rM} @M wUW" WUz Wz U rM}W s! U*}z s W

Wu?}z wU!U? W?" XWW U W?MO! w e?!bW? Wz uWz Wz W?! Wz

4|uM W" u}z wAUO WWz s!W WLW u|u}W

W$ U? W$ W?? ?" W? W?Wz W?? ? @? v u?? ?}?z XW?W uz W?z uW?z Wz

d" uW+ Uu}z wU"WOU!Uz d"
W! Wz
sWz U!U! U!Uz W"W WLW

W! Wz
wW W WW%U W UOU b|u" W$ UA}" UO$ WWz
W uU WLW e!bW XW?W uz WW$ b|u" W$ pW U!W
U WM Wd

U X? U w?? ? Wb? W?? O? ? O? ?!W?? "W?? ? X}? d?? " U U? d| W?? ?Wz
wW u?? ? }$ W? W??|W?? " bx??W? W$ U??!u~?} UJ g?U??O U?? Wz X
W!

d?? " UWz W?W WWz W?b d?? ? ?U wW W?$ Wz uW?z W??! b?x??W? W$
W?u U? X U~?| W$ W?Wz w?? ?O? ? W? WUJ? d?? ?d?? ? Wd?? ? w?W W?$ Wz
Wz wU

wW?? ?!UW W?? ?" v$ bU?? ?Iu?? ? U?? O? ? u?? ? U?? "Uz b?U?? O? ? W?? W?? " W?z Wz
Xb v .UWUW wUu uMO!bW

78

77

X|dJH} b u! wMOUz w$W W"U d?" W~ W$ W" d" X Wz WO}"

e!bW WO}"

bU*?! d'W UW$ U!WO? w W XAW vU" W?" W'W XW w!u

d"W U? wM! W wW!U uW? UU W$ U!W UW$ +U?"U UW
W U~|

 b v? W bJW?? w?W?? !?? " UW$ v? U?? O? "U?W ?? u?d?? U W?? ! wMO?Uz
W"U WM W$ UJ UUUz

e!bW WLW XWW uz WW$ ud U"W W" vUW" Wz

UOW!U b W u W! W$ W?" UAU U gUO wU" W$
b

wMW b W? vu b?"U d?" Uu? d?O UW W$ W??} U? U?"e|UW U?O

-Uz s! U??" W? U??OW ?? WMO??! w W??LW u| u??}W uWz W??!

WJ}U Uz

WOW wAU d" W" X}U w"UW WW" Wz uWz W!

U?O}$ W? wUW sW" U?OAU? U? UW W u W?" WWz gWL?}z
WMO pe

Wz w d??" W??? } W??"U w?U W$ ?? X*?? ?? U??N? O XW WM?W W

X U~| W$ ? U?U d?"W WJu? v wU?W wu 5 d W?W$
WW"

sU"WUz UUu Uz wJW W"U W d| w w W$ U"WWW"

x??W U?? W WU??!WM W??" e? w W?z W?" v$ W??! Wz
U"W%O W"U*}z U

Wu b? w? wM wW U?u?! X W?" vU X W?
Wz WW!W?z d" dO ? uW uWz W! U? W"W W?" U~} Wz W U?!WW
b u}zW bO U d" %Oz wJAO UW W$ s! W" WOU wU

w+%?Oz U~| d" uW+ U?u! wMOUz u UU Wz W?W$ VUu W?" UU

U$Wz WU WL}z U" WMW W W w U uWz U!Uz U

Uu uWz W?! W$ W" U?AO s!W wW?! wJ|WJW W?u?W'

w? bW?!W W$ U b w} d?O wM? U~| W$ X|W?N wWUu? Wz W?" Wz
X}bW

w W$ Wz ?W ? eOz wW?' u" W?? WMOUz Wz ? VU!U?

X|W WLW
uWz Wz
s wAAW UW W$ wU"dOU VU!U W" W" v$

W$ W" Wz wM}W? wU W!W?G} b U?NO W$ Wz U U!W?O U?!uW!

u WuW' w" WM}" U W} u"W Hvovi
X wU W$ v"W VU!U
bU U?!W??O?? wU?!bWz W$ v"W u? X ?!Uz WU?!WM W$ madyumah
X

80

79