Evaluating the Impact of Rev G to

Collocation Structures
ANSI/TIA-222-G Standard
Presented By:
Brandon J. Rut, P.E.
March 2012

Presentation

History of Standard
Impact on Existing Structures
Impact on New Structures
Rigorous Analysis
Adoption Code Confusion
Case Studies
Whats Next

History of Standard

1959 EIA RS-222 (first tower standard)

1966 RS-222-A
1972 RS-222-B
1976 RS-222-C (U.S. is divided into 3
wind pressure zones; A, B, and C)

1987 EIA-222-D (wind pressures are

replaced with wind speeds; a wind velocity
map is introduced)

1991 TIA/EIA-222-E
1996 TIA/EIA-222-F (most adopted
Standard)

2006 TIA-222-G (adopted on a limited

basis since 2006)

Reflects Change in Design Methods

Rev F
Allowable Stress Design
Typical

Rev G
Limit States Design
Contemporary
In Compliance With Current
Codes
Also the Method of Design for
Concrete and Structural Steel

Reflects Change in Wind Loads

Rev F
Fastest Mile Wind Speed
Measured at 33 feet above the
ground (50-year recurrence
interval) in Exposure C
Probability of this wind being
exceeded is approx. 2% in any
given year
NOAA and NWS collect and
publish the wind speed data for
the US

Rev G
3-Second Gust Wind Speed and
escalated with height
This brings the Standard in
compliance with other codes
Also measured at 33 feet above
ground (50-year recurrence
interval) in Exposure C
The NWS has phased out the
measurement of Fastest Mile
Wind Speeds

Wind Speed Conversions

Reflects Change in Ice Loads

Rev F

Considers radial
solid Ice with
uniform thickness
Does not specify a
design Ice thickness
requirement
Ice thickness is
owner specified
Provides
information for
consideration in an
annex
Escalation of Ice
over the height is
optional

Rev G
Specifies a design
Ice thickness
Escalation of Ice
thickness and wind
on ice over the
height of the
structure is required
Ice is assumed to
be glaze ice
All elements are
assumed to be
covered with a
uniform thickness of
ice that results in a
wind drag

Impact on Tower Structures

Impact on Existing Structures

All co-location applications not initially

considered in the original design will
require the tower to be reanalyzed under
Rev G
Most towers not substantially impacted
However, towers that have been
rezoned to a more or less severe wind
speed will be impacted
Towers that were not designed for ice
may now require it
Guyed towers are more sensitive to ice
loading
More retrofits and upgrade costs to
increase
Impacts are site-specific as there are
now more variables in the analysis
Results are difficult to predict in advance

Impact on New Structures

Rev G introduces new variables to consider

for design
Tower classification, exposure category,
topographic category will need to be specified
when ordering a tower
Design criteria can now be fine tuned based
on site-specific data as opposed to generic
criteria previously used
Feedline arrangement has a significant effect
on the wind and ice loading of a structure
Wind Speed, Ice Thicknesses, and Wind
Speed with Ice will need to be specified per
the local requirements
Very important to confirm the local
requirements as they may differ from the
Standard

Changes to Foundations

Eliminates the use of the term

normal soil
Soil parameters are now
provided in the appendix
when a geotech is not
available.
Presumptive soil parameters
for sand and clay type soils
are provided
The default soil type is clay
Using these default
parameters could result in an
over-designed foundation
which could increase costs
considerably

Adoption Code Confusion

Adoption

2007 IBC supplement and 2009 IBC

reference Rev G, making it legal
Local codes and ordinances may reference
current standard
Florida, Ohio, Alabama, others reference
Rev G in state-wide code
Some Coastal locations specify higher 3second gust wind standards but not Rev G
This causes confusion to users

Application

For towers designed under Revision F:

Rev G analysis is required when tower

undergoes a changed condition under Section

3403.2
Changed condition applied once the tower

reaches 105 percent of its capacity, i.e. reflects

that the tower is being changed beyond its
original design

Adoption Local Code Issues

Mississippi
Jurisdiction

Building
Code

Jurisdiction
Required
WindSpeed
3secgust

Biloxi

IBC2006

140mph

140mph

123mph

100mph

Pascagoula
Jackson
County
Harrison
County

IBC2006

150mph

150mph

133mph

100mph

IBC2006

140mph

125150mph

123mph

100mph

IBC2003

140mph

120140mph

123mph

100mph

RevGWind
Speed
3secgust

RevGWind
Speed
RevFWind
convertedto SpeedFastest
FastestMile
Mile

Coastal County Wind

Speed Contour Map

Case Study

Gulf Coast Case Study

HancockCounty,
MS
Rating
FStandard
GStandard
200ftSelfSupport
Difference(lbs)
Tower

DeadLoad

Rating

JacksonCounty,
MS

DeadLoad

Rating

AvgDifference
(lbs)/Price

DeadLoad

99.5

32,284

99.5

32,284

99.5

32,284

99.1

39,761

99.5

42,012

98.2

45,176

Costincreasein
steel

300ftGuyed
Tower

HarrisonCounty,
MS

7,477

9,728

12,892

10,032

$9,346

$12,160

$16,115

$12,540

FStandard

94.0

72,761

94.0

72,761

94.0

72,761

GStandard

98.5

93,521

99.8

99,906

99.3

99,906

Difference(lbs)
Costincreasein
steel
FStandard

GStandard
180ftMonopole
Difference(lbs)
Tower
Costincreasein
steel

20,760

27,145

27,145

25,017

$25,950

$33,931

$33,931

$31,270

99.9

43,125

99.9

43,125

99.9

43,125

89.3

43,125

95.7

43,125

98.4

43,125

$0

$0

$0

$0

Case Study (cont.)

Cost
Increasein
Steel
200ftSelf
Cost
Support
Increasein
Tower
Foundation
TotalCost
Increase
Cost
Increasein
Steel
300ft
Cost
Guyed
Increasein
Tower
Foundation
TotalCost
Increase
Cost
Increasein
Steel
180ft
Cost
Monopole
Increasein
Tower
Foundation
TotalCost
Increase

HancockCounty,
MS

HarrisonCounty,
MS

JacksonCounty,
MS

Avg.Cost
Difference

$9,346

$12,160

$16,115

$12,540

$10,940

$15,070

$19,950

$15,320

$20,286

$27,230

$36,065

$27,860

$25,950

$33,931

$33,931

$31,270

$14,265

$18,654

$18,654

$17,191

$40,215

$52,585

$52,585

$48,462

$0

$0

$0

$0

$6,980

$7,600

$8,200

$7,593

$6,980

$7,600

$8,200

$7,593

Rigorous vs Feasibility
Analysis for Rev G

Rigorous Analysis for Rev G

Rigorous Analysis requires mapping or confirmation of tower

geometry
Required for tower modifications
Includes analysis of tower member connection details
Analysis of foundation required
Foundation mapping and geotechnical studies have become
more common in order to perform foundation analysis

Feasibility Analysis for Rev G

Used as a preliminary review to identify the

impacts of changed conditions
Determines the overall stability of the
structure
Determines the adequacy of main
structural members
Does not include analysis of connections
Foundations: may compare the base
reactions to original tower design reactions

Mapping of Towers

Rev G provides a minimum

requirement of data needed for
field mapping of Appurtenances
and Structural Components for
each type of tower
Without this minimum
requirement of data, a full
accurate analysis is not possible
Educating tower climbers is
recommended
Tower mapping data sheets
should be provided by engineer
to get correct information

Mapping of Foundations

Requires specialized equipment

such as:
Ground Penetrating Radar
GPR

Pile Integrity Test equipment

PIT

Rigorous Analysis for Rev G

Rigorous analysis includes foundation

analysis when a tower is being modified
watch for issues like this

Rigorous Analysis for Rev G

Watch for caveats

XYZ firm did not have sufficient information to

perform a foundation analysis. If a foundation

analysis is required, provide XYZ with foundation
drawings and a geotechnical report

Whats Next?

Typical LTE Equipment

Can be up to 50% larger and heavier

Whats Next?

LTE

TYPICAL LTE LOADING = 235 lbs per sector

Questions?