TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_1_Solution

TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_1_Solution

An ellipse E has equation

Consider the equation

2 z 3 + (1 2i ) z 2 ( a + bi ) z + 2 + 2i = 0 ,
where a and b are real.

9 x 2 + 16 y 2 = 144 .
dy
in term of x and y.
dx

(i)

Find

(ii)

Show that the point P with coordinates ( 4cos, 3sin ) lies on E.

[1]

(ii)

dy
=0
dx
dy

= 9x
dx
16 y

9 x 2 + 16 y 2 = 144 18 x + 32 y

Since 9 x + 16 y = 9(4 cos ) + 16(3sin )

= 144(cos 2 + sin 2 )
= 144
Hence, point P lies on C.

(iii) Equation of normal at point P:

y 3sin =

[3]

Solution:
Since 2 is a root of the equation,
3
2
2 ( 2 ) + (1 2i )( 2 ) ( a + bi )( 2 ) + 2 + 2i = 0

Let z = be the third root.

2 z 3 + (1 2i ) z 2 ( 5 + 3i ) z + 2 + 2i = 2 ( z )( z + 2 )( z 1 i )
By comparing constant term, we have
2 ( 2 )( 1 i ) = 2 + 2i
2 ( 2 )( 1 i ) = 2 + 2i

=
16(3sin )
( x 4 cos )
9(4 cos )

3(cos ) y 9 cos sin = 4(sin ) x 16 cos sin

y = 4 tan x 7 sin
3
3

Given also that 1 + i is another root, find the third root of the equation.

16 + 4 8i + 2a + 2bi + 2 + 2i = 0
10 + 6i = 2a + 2bi
by comparing coeff., a = 5, b = 3

Solution:

[3]

[1]

(iii) Find the equation of the normal to the ellipse E at the point P, in the form of
[3]
y = mx + c where m and c are single trigonometric expressions of .

(i)

Given that 2 is a root of the equation, find the values of a and b.

1
2

TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_1_Solution

TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_1_Solution

HIMHEYS' Confectionery recently created three types of chocolate: Organic white,

Organic milk and Organic dark, available in 250g bars. Cocoa butter, an essential
ingredient in chocolate bars, makes up 25%, 20% and 15% of the mass of an Organic
white, Organic milk and Organic dark chocolate bar respectively.

Referred to an origin O, the position vectors of two points A and B are a and b
respectively. The points P on OA and Q on AB are such that OP = 2PA and
5AQ = 4QB. Show that the equation of the line l passing through P and Q can be
written as
2
r = a + ( 4b a ) , where
.
[4]
3

To prepare for the official launch of their chocolate bars at an upcoming Food Expo,
HIMHEYS' decides to manufacture a total of 300 bars for the event, with more than 70
bars of each type.
The confectionary intends to use 14kg of cocoa butter in the production of the above
batch of chocolate bars. If the number of milk chocolate bars is to be smaller than the
number of white chocolate bars, determine how many organic chocolate bars of each
type can be produced.
[6]
Solution:

Let D, M and W be the number of dark, white and milk chocolate bars (250g organic)
respectively.

The point X on l is such that AX is perpendicular to l. If a = 2, b = 1 and a is

perpendicular to b, show that the position vector of X is
Solution:
Since OP = 2PA,

2
OP = a
3
Since 5AQ = 4QB, therefore AQ:QB=4:5
Using Ratio Theorem,

D + M + W = 300 -------- (1)

15
20
25

250 D +
250 M +
250 W = 14000

100
100

100

ie. 3D + 4 M + 5W = 1120 -------- (2)

Solving (1) and (2): D = 80 + W , M = 220 2W
Given D > 70, W > 70, 70 < M < W ,
70 < 220 2W < W
73.3 < W < 75
Since D, M and W are integers, we get W = 74, M = 72, D = 154

1
(11a 4b ) .
15

5a + 4b
9
5
4
= a+ b
9
9

OQ =

1
4
PQ = OQ OP = a + b
9
9
1
= ( 4b a )
9
Since the line passes through P and is // 4b a
therefore an equation of l is
2
r = a + ( 4b a ) where

3

2
Since X lies on l, we have OX = a + t ( 4b a ) for a particular value of t
3

Since AX is perpendicular to l, AX ( 4b a ) = 0

a + t ( 4b a ) a ( 4b a ) = 0
3

3 t a + 4tb ( 4b a ) = 0

Since a and b are perpendicular, a b = 0

2
1 2
+ t a + 16t b = 0
3
1
+ t 4 + 16t = 0
3
1
t=
15

2
1
1
OX = a ( 4b a ) = (11a 4b )
3
15
15

[4]

TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_1_Solution

TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_1_Solution

The functions f and g are defined by

f : x  6 + x x2 , 2 < x <

6
1
,
2

g : x  ln ( 9 x 2 ) , 3 < x < 3 .

(including the domain) of the function if it exists.

f 1 ,

(b)

gf .

[9]

Solution:
(a) Any horizontal line y = k , k
cuts the graph of y = f ( x) at most once, so by the
horizontal line test, f is 1-1. Therefore f 1 exists.

5
Now Domain of f1= Range of f = 0,
2
Let y = 6 + x x 2 y 2 = 6 + x x 2

dy
= cos x ,
dx

(i)

ey

(ii)

d 2 y dy dy dy
d3 y
+ 3 2 + +
=0.
3
dx
dx dx dx dx

[2]
3

Determine whether each of the following functions exists and give a definition

(a)

Given that y = ln (1 + sin x ) , show that

Find the Maclaurins series for y up to and including the term in x3.
Hence, or otherwise, show that

cos x
x2
1 x + .
1 + sin x
2

Solution:
(i)
y = ln (1 + sin x ) e y = 1 + sin x
Diff wrt x, we have
dy
ey
= cos x
dx
(ii) Diff wrt x again, we have
2

d2 y
dy
e y + e y 2 = sin x
d
x
dx

Diff wrt x again, we have

x2 x + ( y 2 6) = 0
x=

1 1 4 ( y2 6)
2

Since x

1 25 4 y 2
2

1 1 4 ( y 2 6 ) 1 25 4 y 2
1
, x=
=
2
2
2

2
2
d3 y
dy
dy d y
dy d y
e y + 2e y 2 + e y 2 + e y 3 = cos x
dx
dx
dx dx
dx dx
3

2
2
d3 y
dy
dy
dy d y
dy d y
e y + 2e y 2 + e y 2 + e y 3 = e y
d
x
d
x
d
x
d
x
d
x
dx
dx

So f 1 : x 

1 25 4 y 2
5
,0< x<
2
2

5
(b) Range of f = 0, , Domain of g = (3,3)
2
Since Range of f Domain of g, gf exists.

gf ( x) = g

6 + x x2

= ln 9

6 + x x2

)
2

= ln ( 3 x + x 2 )
So gf:x  ln ( 3 x + x 2 ) , 2 < x <

1
2

d 2 y dy dy dy
d3 y
+ 3 2 + +
=0
3
dx
dx dx dx dx
When x = 0,
dy
d2 y
d3 y
y = 0,
= 1,
= 1,
=1
dx
dx 2
dx 3
1
1
y = 0 + 1x + x 2 + x 3 + 
2!
3!
1
1
y = x x 2 + x3 + 
2
6
1
1
i.e. ln(1 + sin x) = x x 2 + x3 + 
2
6
[Hence]
Diff wrt to x, we have
cos x
1
= 1 x + x2 + 
1 + sin x
2
x2
x2
cos x
1
1
[Otherwise]
= 1 (1 + x ) = 1 (1 x + x 2 + ) = 1 x + x 2 + 
1 + sin x
2
2
2

[3]

[3]
[2]

TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_1_Solution

TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_1_Solution

(b)(i)
un = etn where tn+1 = tn + d ( d is the common difference and is a constant)

(a)

(b)

A finite arithmetic progression has n terms and common difference d. The first
term is 1 and the sum of the last 5 terms exceeds the sum of the first 4 terms by
193.

(i)

Show that 5nd 21d192 = 0.

[3]

(ii)

Given also that the 6th term of the progression is 16, find n.

[2]

th

tn

A sequence U is formed in which the n term is given by e where tn is the n

term of an arithmetic progression with first term t1 =1.

(i)

Show that U is a geometric progression.

(ii)

Given that the sum to infinity of even-numbered terms of U is

common ratio of U.
Solution:
Method 1
(a)(i)
S n S n5 = S 4 + 193

n
n5
4
[ 2 + (n 1)d ]
[ 2 + (n 6)d ] = (2 + 3d ) + 193
2
2
2
2n + nd ( n 1) 2( n 5) ( n 5)( n 6) d = 8 + 12d + 386
n 2 d nd + 10 n 2 d + 11nd 30d = 12d + 394
10nd 42d 384 = 0
5nd 21d 192 = 0
(a)(ii)
1 + 5d = 16
d =3
5n(3) 21(3) 192 = 0
n = 17

Method 2
Tn + Tn 1 + Tn 2 + Tn 3 + Tn 4 = S4 + 193
5
4
(Tn 4 + Tn ) = (T1 + T4 ) + 193
2
2
5
4
(a + (n 5)d + a + (n 1)d ) = (2a + 3d ) + 193
2
2
5
(2a + 2nd 6d ) = 4a 6d + 193
2
5nd 21d192 = 0 when a =1

th

[2]

8e
, find the
63
[3]

un +1 = etn+1 = etn + d
d
un +1 etn + d
= tn = e which is a constant independent of n
un
e

U is a geometric progression with common ratio r = e d

er
8e
(b)(ii)
=
1 r 2 63
8r 2 + 63r 8 = 0
1
r = or r = 8 (rejected)
8

TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_1_Solution

The point A has position vector 3j 4k with respect to an origin O.

The plane 1 has Cartesian equation 13x 9 y + z = 15 .
If 2 is a plane parallel to 1 and contains the point A, write down the equation of
2 in scalar product form and find the distance from the origin O to 2 .
[3]

(i)

Hence or otherwise, find the distance between 1 and 2 . State with clear
explanations whether O and A are on the same side of 1 .
[3]

(ii)

TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_1_Solution

(iii)

1
Given 3 has Cartesian equation x + py + 3 z = q 3 : r p = q
3

Since 3 is perpendicular to 1 n1 n3 ,


13 1

9 p = 0 13 9 p + 3 = 0
1 3

and point A(0, 3,4) lies in 3 ,

(iii) Another plane 3 has Cartesian equation x + py + 3 z = q . If 2 and 3 intersect

at a line containing A and that 3 is perpendicular to 1 , find the value of p and q. [4]

Solution:
(i)

0
13 0 13
13



OA = 3 2 : r 9 = 3 9 = 27 4 = 31 2 : r 9 = 31
4
1 4 1



1

13

2 : r 9 = 31 r
1

13
1 31
31
9 =
Distance from origin to 2 is
.
251
251
251
1

(ii)
Since

13

13
13
1
15
1 31

9
=
>
0
and

:
r

9 =
<0
2
251
251
251
251
1

1
1
15
31
46
+
=
Hence distance between 1 & 2 =
251
251
251

1 : r 9 = 15 r

1
15
251

13
n1 = 9
1

31

251
A

And from above diagram, A and O are on the same side of 1 .

3 p + 3(4) = q q =

20
3

p=

16
9

TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_1_Solution

TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_1_Solution

(b)
u 2 + u 1 = (u + 2)(u + 1) k (u + 2) + h
equating coeff of u: 1 = 3 k k = 2
equating constant: 1 = 2 2k + h h = 1

(a)

Prove by induction that

n

2
r =1

+ 1 = ( n + 2 ) 1 n .

[5]

1 u u 2 N (u 2 + u 1)
=
(u + 2)!
u =1 (u + 2)!
u =1
N
(u + 2)(u + 1) 2(u + 2) + 1
=(-1)
(u + 2)!
u =1
N
1
2
1
= +

u
!
(
u
+
1)!
(
u
+
2)!
u =1
2 1
1 +
=
2! 3!
1 2 1
+ +
2! 3! 4!
1 2 1
+ +
3! 4! 5!
+
1
2
1
+
+

( N 2)! ( N 1)! N !
N

Show that u + u 1 can be written in the form (u + 2)(u + 1) k (u + 2) + h where

[2]
h and k are positive constants to be determined.

(b)

1 u u2
N +1
1
=
.
( N + 2)! 2
u =1 (u + 2)!
N

Hence show that

Solution:
(a)
n
1
r

Let Pn be the statement r + 1 = (n + 2) 1 n , n Z +

2
r =1 2
When n=1
1
3
LHS= +1=
2
2
1 3
RHS= (1+2)(1- )=
2 2
P1 is true

1
r

Assume Pk is true for some k Z + , i.e. r + 1 = (k + 2) 1 k

2
2

r =1
k +1
1
r

Want to prove that Pk +1 is true, i. e, r + 1 = (k + 3) 1 k +1

2
r =1 2
From Pk , we add the (k+1)th term,
k

k +1

2
r =1

r
k +1
+ 1 = r + 1 + k +1 + 1
r =1 2
2

1 k +1

= (k + 2) 1 k + k +1 + 1
2 2
(k + 2)2 k + 1
( k + 3) [ k +1 k +1 ]
=
2
2
k

k +3
2k +1
1

= (k + 3) 1 k +1
2
Since P1 is true and Pk is true implies Pk +1 is true. Therefore by mathematical induction,
= (k + 3)

Pn is true for all n  +

[4]

1
2
1
+
+

( N 1)! N ! ( N + 1)!
1

2
1
+
+

N ! ( N + 1)! ( N + 2)!
1
1
1
= +

2 ( N + 1)! ( N + 2)!
1
N +1
(Shown)
= +
2 ( N + 2)!

TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_1_Solution

TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_1_Solution

10

Solution:

(i) For the curve y = 2cos x, when y = 0, x = or .

2
2

Shaded area = 2 2 cos x dx Area of semi-circle

1
2
= 2 2 2 cos x dx (1)
0
2

= 2 [ 2 sin x ]02
2

= 4
2

x2 + y2 = 1

= u 2 cos u + 2u cos u du

The diagram shows the region R bounded by the x-axis and the two curves
y = 2cos x and x 2 + y 2 = 1 .

(ii)

Using integration by parts, show that

y = 2 cos x

(ii) u 2 sin u du = u 2 cos u 2u ( cos u ) du

y = 2 cos x

= u 2 cos u + 2u sin u + 2 cos u + C

Find the exact area of the region R.

x2 + y2 = 1

= u 2 cos u + 2u sin u 2 sin u du

(i)

y
. When x = 0, y = 2.
2
2
14
3
Volume of hemisphere = (1) = .
23
3

(iii) y = 2 cos x x = cos 1

[3]

Volume of S = x 2dy Volume of hemisphere

y
2

= cos 1 dy
0
2
3

y
By substitution: u = cos 1
y = 2cos u
2
2

sin u du = u 2 cos u + 2u sin u + 2 cos u + C

where C is a real constant.

[2]

y =0u =

x2 + y 2 = 1
dy
= 2 sin u
du

2
y = 2u =0

(iii) The region R is rotated radians about the y -axis to form a solid of
revolution S. Show that the volume of S can be expressed as
m

The required volume of revolution

cos 1 dy k ,
0
2

2
y
2
= cos 1 dy
0
2
3

0
2
= 2 u 2 sin u du
3
2

= 2 u 2 cos u + 2u sin u + 2 cos u

where m and k are exact values to be determined.

[3]

y
Hence, by using the substitution u = cos
and the result in part (ii), find the
2
exact value of the volume of S.
[4]
1

2
= 2 [ 2 ]
3
14

= 2
3

/2

2

3

y = 2 cos x

TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_1_Solution

11

(a)

TJC_JC2_H2_Maths_2012_Prelim_Paper_1_Solution

Show that

(ii)

e
2

4 x + e 2 dx = m ln 2 + ne ,
4 x2 + e2

dx = x(15 x)
dt
500

500

1
dx = 1 dt
x(15 x)

500 1 + 1
dx = t + c
15
x 15 x

where m and n are exact values to be determined.

[6]

100 ln x ln 15 x = t + c
3

x
100 ln
= t + c as 0 x 15
3
15 x

(b)

In an experiment to study the spread of a soil disease, an area of 15 m of soil

was exposed to infection. In a simple model, it is assumed that the infected area
grows at a rate which is proportional to the product of the infected area and the
uninfected area. Initially, 5 m2 was infected and the rate of growth of the
infected area was 0.1 m2 per hour. At time t hours after the start of the
experiment, an area x m2 is infected.

When t = 0, x = 5

c = 100 ln ( 0.5 ) = 100 ln 2

3
3

is the solution of the DE.

Hence, t = 100 ln 2 x
3
15 x

(iii) When x = 0.95(15) = 14.25 m2, t = 121.25 hours. (2dp)

(i)

x (15 x)
Show that dx =
.
dt
500

[2]

(ii)

Solve the differential equation and express t in terms of x.

[4]

(iii) Find the minimum time in hours needed for 95% of the soil area to
become infected.

Solution:
(a)

e
2

4 x + e 2 dx = 1
2
4 x2 + e2

e
2

8 x dx + e 2
4 x2 + e2
e

2
= 1 ln ( 4 x 2 + e 2 ) 2 + e
0
2
4

e
2

1 dx
4 x 2 + e2

e
2

1
dx
2
x2 + e
2

()
= 1 ln ( 2e ) ln ( e ) + e 2 tan ( 2 x )
2
4 e
e
2

e
2

= 1 ln 2 + e tan 1 1 tan 1 0
2
2
= 1 ln 2 + e
2
8

(b) (i)

Let dx = kx (15 x) .
dt
Given that when t = 0, x = 5, dx = 0.1 . 0.1 = k(5)(15 5)
dt
k= 1
500
x (15 x)
dx
Hence,
.
=
dt
500

[1]

It required a minimum of 122 hours for 95% of the soil area to become
infected.