Admiral (UK)

AA Range: 13.5 - 16%

Characteristics: Bred as a replacement for Target with a less harsh bitterness. Weak aroma with mild
citrus character.
Substitutes: Target, Challenger
Ahtanum (US)
AA Range: 5.7 - 6.3%
Characteristics: Citrus and floral character, with grapefruit qualities said to be stronger than in
Cascade. Ahtanum may also feature resiny or earth notes.
Substitutes: Cascade, Amarillo
Amarillo (US)
AA Range: 8 - 11%
Beta: 6 - 7%
Cohumulone: 21 - 24%
Characteristics: Floral, grapefruit, citrus, peach.
Substitutes: Cascade, Centennial, Citra
Apollo (US)
AA Range: 18 - 22%
Beta: 5.5 - 8%
Cohumulone: 24 - 28%
Characteristics: Orange, with some resin. Dank.
Substitutes: Summit
Aramis (US)
AA Range: 8%
Characteristics: Herbal, floral, earthy, lemon.
Substitutes: N/A
Aurora (Slovenia)
AA Range: 7 - 9%
Characteristics: General "hoppy" aroma, fruity.
Substitutes: Styrian Golding, Premiant, Northern Brewer
Azacca (US)
AA Range: 14 - 16%
Beta: 5.4%
Cohumulone: N/A
Characteristics: Fresh citrus, tangerine, mango, grapefruit, piney, spicy, pineapple.
Belma (US)
AA Range: 12%
Characteristics: Clean fruity hoppiness; strawberry, melon, mild citrus. Click through for my experience
withBelma in a single hop IPA.

Substitutes: Pacific Gem

Bramling Cross (UK)
AA Range: 7 - 10%
Characteristics: Strong and spicy English hop. Fruity blackcurrant and lemon citrus.
Substitutes: East Kent Goldings, Progress, Brewer's Gold
Bravo (US)
AA Range: 14 - 17%
Characteristics: Smooth, mild flavor; fruity, floral. Clean bittering.
Substitutes: Warrior
Brewer's Gold (UK)
AA Range: 5 - 8%
Characteristics: Early bittering hop. Resiny, spicy. Black currant aroma.
Substitutes: Bullion, Galena, Bramling Cross
Bullion (US)
AA Range: 7 - 9%
Characteristics: Early, traditional bittering hop for stouts. Resiny, earthy; pungent black currant or
raspberry aroma.
Substitutes: Brewer's Gold, Galena
Calypso (US)
AA Range: 12-14%
Characteristics: Lemony aroma, tart apple, earthy tea.
Substitutes: n/a
Cascade (US)
AA Range: 4.5 - 7.0%
Beta: 4.8 - 7%
Cohumulone: 33 - 40%
Characteristics: Ubiquitous American hop; citrusy grapefruit character.
Substitutes: Centennial
Centennial (US)
AA Range: 9 - 12%
Beta: 3.5 - 4.5%
Cohumulone: 28 - 30%
Characteristics: Balanced fruity citrus / stone-fruit character. Smooth bitterness.

Substitutes: Cascade, Citra

Challenger (UK)
AA Range: 6 - 9 %
Characteristics: Clean bittering hop with strong, spicy aroma.
Substitutes: Perle, Target, Phoenix, EKG
Chinook (US)
AA Range: 11 - 14%
Beta: 3 - 4%
Cohumulone: 29 - 34%
Characteristics: Spicy, piney flavor with some grapefruit.
Substitutes: Nugget, Columbus, Northern Brewer
Citra (US)
AA Range: 10 - 12%
Beta: 3.5 - 4.5%
Cohumulone: 22 - 24%
Characteristics: Potent aroma of intense mango, tropical fruit and citrus. Flavor is a bit smoother, less
specific but still intense. Extremely effective as a dry hop and late addition hop. I've heard complaints
about Citra as a bittering hop
Substitutes: Galaxy, Centennial, Nelson Sauvin
Cluster (US)
AA Range: 5.5 - 8.5%
Characteristics: Pungent bittering hop; spicy, floral aroma. One of the original American hops.
Substitutes: Galena, Northern Brewer
Columbus / Tomahawk / Zeus (CTZ) (US)
AA Range: 14 - 16%
Beta: 4.5 - 5.5%
Cohumulone: 30 - 35%
Characteristics: Dank, earthy, resin.
Substitutes: Chinook, Nugget
Comet (US)
AA Range: 9 - 11%
Characteristics: Intense wild American grapefruit / citrus character; extremely dank.
Substitutes: Summit

Crystal (US)
AA Range: 2 - 5%
Characteristics: American grown Hallertau hybrid. Flowery, spicy aroma. Sister hop to Mount Hood and
Liberty.
Substitutes: Mt. Hood, Hersbrucker, Liberty, Hallertau
Dana (Slovenia)
AA Range: 11 - 16%
Beta: 4.8 - 6%
Cohumulone: 28 - 31%
Characteristics: A psuedo-Noble hop with a rustic, musty spiciness and mild bitterness.
Substitutes: N/A
Delta (US)
AA Range: 5.5 - 7%
Beta: 5.5 - 7%
Cohumulone: 22 - 24%
Characteristics: Slightly spicy with a hint of citrus. (Delta is a cross between i and Cascade). Described
as subtle and mild.
Substitutes: N/A
East Kent Goldings (UK)
AA Range: 4.5 - 6.5%
Beta: 1.9 - 2.8%
Cohumulone: 28 - 32%
Characteristics: A popular, traditional English hop with gentle fragrant aroma. Smooth, spicy and floral.
Has defined English ales for centuries.
Substitutes: Fuggle, First Gold, Williamette
El Dorado (US)
AA Range: 14 - 16%
Characteristics: An intense, candy-like aroma of cherry, pear and fruit. Can taste like cherry Jolly
Ranchers in extra-hoppy beers.
Substitutes: Sounds pretty unique, sorry folks
Falconers Flight (US)
AA Range: 10.5%
Characteristics: Tropical, citrus, floral, lemon and grapefruit.
Substitutes: Cascade, Ahtanum, Sorachi Ace

Falconers Seven Seas (US)

AA Range: 9 - 10%
Characteristics: Fruity, citrus, spicy, earthy. A cross-breed of 7 "C" variety hops. (Get it?)
Substitutes: Simcoe
First Gold (UK)
AA Range: 6 - 9%
Characteristics: A child hybrid of Goldings, similar in aroma; spicy. Woody, minty flavor and aroma.
Substitutes: Eat Kent Goldings, Fuggle, Crystal
Fuggle (UK)
AA Range: 4 - 6%
Characteristics: Woody, earthy. Mildly spicy.
Substitutes: Williamette, Styrian Goldings
Galaxy (AUS)
AA Range: 13 - 15%
Beta: 5.8 - 6%
Cohumulone: 35%
Characteristics: Tropical passionfruit, citrus hints of peach, mango. Similar to Citra but more fruity,
less dank. For notes on my Galaxy single hop IPA, click here.
Substitutes: Citra, Amarillo, Centennial
Galena (UK)
AA Range: 11 - 14%
Characteristics: Fruity black currant; citrus.
Substitutes: Legacy, Brewer's Gold, Nugget
Glacier (US)
AA Range: 5 - 6%
Characteristics: Earthy/floral character with a sweet citrus.
Substitutes: Williamette, Styrian Goldings
Green Bullet (NZ)
AA Range: 10 - 14%
Characteristics: Fruity, resiny; described as having a distinct raisin-like character.
Substitutes: Possibly Galena
Hallertau (GER)
AA Range: 3.5 - 5.5%

Beta: 3 - 4%
Cohumulone: 17 - 24%
Characteristics: Versatile, classic hop with mild spicy, flowery, earthy aroma. "Noble" hop common to
German lagers. See also: Hallertau Mittelfrh
Substitutes: Hersbruck, Mt. Hood, Liberty, Helga
Hallertau Aroma (Wakatu) (NZ)
AA Range: 7 - 9%
Beta: 5.8 - 8.5%
Cohumulone: 28 - 35%
Characteristics: Less spicy than Mittelfrh, with a floral and citrus / lime character. Also known as
Wakatu.
Substitutes: N/A
Hallertau Blanc (GER)
AA Range: 9 - 12%
Characteristics: Flowery-fruity aroma, passion fruit, grapefruit, gooseberry and pineapple.
Substitutes: Sounds like it could be the German response to Galaxy / Nelson Sauvin?
Hallertau Mittelfrh (GER)
AA Range: 3.5%
Beta: 3.5 - 4.5%
Cohumulone: 20 - 26%
Characteristics: Versatile, classic hop with mild spicy, flowery, earthy aroma. "Noble" hop common to
German lagers. Most likely a regional subset of Hallertau hops.
Substitutes: Hersbruck, Mt. Hood, Liberty, Helga
Helga (AUS)
AA Range: 5 - 6.3%
Beta: 4.6%
Characteristics: Noble-ish aroma, flowery, mild. (I like that the few sites I've found with this hop
describe it as "good for Ales and lagers." Gee, thanks.)
Substitutes: Hallertau Mittelfrueh, Hersbrucker
Herald (UK)
AA Range: 9 - 13%
Characteristics: A sister of Pioneer; strong bitterness with citrus and grapefruit.
Substitutes: Pioneer
Herkules (GER)

AA Range: 12 - 17%
Characteristics: Slightly fruity, spicy aroma.
Substitutes: Horizon, Magnum, (Hallertau) Taurus
(Hallertau) Hersbrucker (GER)
AA Range: 2 - 5%
Beta: 4 - 6%
Cohumulone: 19 - 25%
Characteristics: Moderate-intensity floral character, spice and fruit.
Substitutes: Hallertau, Helga
Horizon (US)
AA Range: 10 - 16%
Characteristics: Citrus and floral, fragrant aroma. Possibly some spice / resin. Clean bittering.
Substitutes: Magnum, Amarillo
Hll Melon (GER)
AA Range: 6.9 - 7.5%
Characteristics: Strawberry and honeydew, melon nuances.
Substitutes: N/A
Kohatu (NZ)
AA Range: 6 - 7%
Beta: 5.8 - 3.5%
Cohumulone: 21%
Characteristics: Intense floral characters, grapefruit, pine needles, tropical fruit.
Substitutes: N/A
Legacy (US)
AA Range: ~7 - 8%
Characteristics: Floral, blackcurrant, spicy.
Substitutes: Cluster, Galena
Liberty (US)
AA Range: 3 - 6%
Characteristics: Mild, slightly spicy, resiny. Sometimes considered a noble hop.
Substitutes: Hallertau
Lublin (Poland)
A Polish-bred descendant of Czech Saaz.

Marynka (Poland)
AA Range: 7 - 10%
Characteristics: Earthy, rooty, liquorice.
Substitutes: Perle, Chinook
Magnum (GER)
AA Range: 11 - 15%
Characteristics: Very clean bittering with mild, faint aroma.
Substitutes: Horizon
Mandarina Bavaria (GER)
AA Range: 7 - 10%
Characteristics: Intense mandarin, citrus notes.
Substitutes: N/A
Meridian (US)
AA Range: 6 - 7%
Characteristics: Not much info on this one yet; I've read that Meridian offers citrus, lemon, with some
tropical fruit and floral characteristics.
Substitutes: Citra, Amarillo, Sorachi Ace.. ?
Merkur (GER)
AA Range: 12 - 15%
Characteristics: Similar to Magnum for bittering, but with an earthy, floral aroma.
Substitutes: Magnum, Horizon
Millennium (US)
AA Range: 13 - 16%
Beta: 4.8%
Cohumulone: 30%
Characteristics: Clean bittering, with herbal aroma.
Substitutes: Nugget
Mosaic (US)
AA Range: 10 - 12%
Beta: 3.2 - 3.9%
Cohumulone: 24 - 26%
Characteristics: Mango, stone fruit, berry medley, melon. Mild herbal character reported in some
instances. Click through for notes on my Mosaic single hop IPA.

Substitutes: Possibly a blend of Galaxy and Nelson Sauvin

Motueka (NZ)
AA Range: 6.5 -7.5%
Characteristics: Lemony, tropical fruit, spice.
Substitutes: Saaz
Mount Hood (US)
AA Range: 5 - 8%
Characteristics: Mild and clean aroma and flavor.
Substitutes: Hallertauer, Tettnanger
Mount Rainier (US)
AA Range: 5 - 8%
Characteristics: Hallertauer with higher AA; aroma of citrus and licorice.
Substitutes: Hallertauer, Fuggles
Nelson Sauvin (NZ)
AA Range: 11 - 13%
Beta: 6 - 8%
Cohumulone: 22 - 26%
Characteristics: White wine, grapefruit, tangy berries. Dank and intensely fruity. Click through for
notes on my Nelson single hop pale ale.
Substitutes: Extremely unique, no subs.
Newport (US)
AA Range: 12 - 15%
Characteristics: Mild aroma; good bittering.
Substitutes: Magnum
Northdown (UK)
AA Range: 6 - 10%
Characteristics: Clean bitterness and a distinct woody, minty flavor.
Substitutes: Northern Brewer
Northern Brewer (UK)
AA Range: 8 - 10%
Characteristics: Good bitterness and neutral, mild flavor.
Substitutes: Northdown, Perle, Aurora

Nugget (US)
AA Range: 10 - 14%
Characteristics: Somewhat heavy, herbal bitterness and aroma.
Substitutes: Galena, Columbus
Opal (GER)
AA Range: 8 - 10%
Characteristics: Moderate bitterness, spicy, fruity, floral.
Substitutes: Saphir, East Kent Goldings
Pacific Gem (NZ)
AA Range: 13 - 16%
Characteristics: Clean bitterness; soft flavor with notes of strawberry, blackberry, berry medley. Tangy
citrus, melon, tangerine. Click through for notes on my Pacific Gem single hop pale ale.
Substitutes: Belma
Pacifica (NZ)
AA Range: 5 -6%
Characteristics: Orange marmalade flavor, with some citrus and floral character as well.
Substitutes: Possibly a combination of Mittlefruh and Amarillo.
Pacific Jade (NZ)
AA Range: 12 - 14%
Characteristics: Soft bitterness. Bold aroma of citrus and crushed black pepper.
Substitutes: Magnum
Palisade (US)
AA Range: 5.5 - 9.5%
Characteristics: Fruity but non-citrusy aroma; earthy undertones.
Substitutes: Willamette
Perle (GER)
AA Range: 6 - 8%
Characteristics: Spicy, minty aroma of moderate intensity and balanced bittering.
Substitutes: Northern Brewer, Northdown
Phoenix (UK)
AA Range: 7 - 11%
Characteristics: Spicy "English Ale" aroma with clean bittering.
Substitutes: Challenger, Northern Brewer

Pilgrim (UK)
AA Range: 9 - 13%
Characteristics: Spicy earthy character.
Substitutes: Target
Pioneer (UK)
AA Range: 8 - 10%
Characteristics: Citrus (less aggressive than American hops; more "English")
Substitutes: EKG
Polaris (GER)
AA Range: 19 - 23%
Characteristics: Minty.
Substitutes: N/A
Premiant (Czech Republic)
AA Range: 7 - 10%
Characteristics: Mild, pleasant aroma.
Substitutes: Styrian Goldings, perhaps Saaz and Aurora
Pride of Ringwood (AUS)
AA Range: 9 - 10.5%
Beta: 5.5 - 6%
Cohumulone: 32%
Characteristics: Unique, intense aroma describe as "coarse," citrusy, herbal. Ubiquitous Australian hop.
Substitutes: Cluster, Galena
Progress (UK)
AA Range: 5 - 7%
Characteristics: Mildly spicy or woody, hint of juniper, similar to Fuggle but slightly sweeter.
Substitutes: Fuggle
Rakau (NZ)
AA Range: 9 - 11%
Beta: 4.6%
Cohumulone: 25%
Characteristics: Grassy and spicy upfront, with some peach and tangerine in the finish. Click through
for notes on my Rakau single hop pale ale.
Substitutes: N/A

Riwaka (NZ)
AA Range: 5 - 7%
Characteristics: Strong grapefruit citrus character.
Substitutes: Cascade
Saaz (Czech Republic)
AA Range: 3 - 5%
Characteristics: Soft aroma and bitterness, maybe the quintessential "spicy" hop. Noble hop
traditionally used for pilsners.
Substitutes: Sterling, Spalt
San Juan Ruby Red (US)
AA Range: 7%
Characteristics: Wild growing hop discovered in CO. Fruity, slightly sweet.
Substitutes: n/a
Santiam (US)
AA Range: 5 - 7%
Characteristics: Similar to Tettnanger. Herbal, floral.
Substitutes: Tettnanger
Saphir (GER)
AA Range: 3 - 5.5%
Characteristics: Sweet, clean, spicy; citrusy with an almost tangerine aroma.
Substitutes: Hallertau
Satus (US)
AA Range: 12.5 - 14.0%
Characteristics: Similar to Galena.
Substitutes: Galena
Select (GER)
AA Range: 4 - 6%
Characteristics: Bred to be similar to Spalt, Tettnang, Saaz.
Substitutes: Spalt, Tettnang, Saaz
Serebrianka (Russia)
AA Range: 3.5%
Characteristics: Light perfume aroma.

Simcoe (US)
AA Range: 11 - 14%
Beta: 4 - 5%
Cohumulone: 15 - 20%
Characteristics: Pine and citrus, sweet berries and perfume. Unique, complex flavor with very smooth
bittering. Click for notes on my Simcoe single hop pale ale.
Substitutes: A combination of Columbus and Centennial might come close.
Smaragd (GER)
AA Range: 4 - 6%
Characteristics: A new European response to Amarillo. Fruity nose, flowery; more prominent aroma
than most European varieties; balanced subdued fruitiness.
Substitutes: Try a combo of German and American hops
Sonnet Golding (US)
AA Range: 6.6%
Characteristics: Similar characteristics to Golding hops.
Sorachi Ace (Japan)
AA Range: 12 - 16%
Characteristics: Lemony, Lemongrass, lemon-cream flavor.
Substitutes: Southern Cross
Southern Cross (NZ)
AA Range: 11 - 14%
Characteristics: Lemon, lime, pine.
Substitutes: Sorachi Ace
Sovereign (UK)
AA Range: 4 - 7%
Characteristics: Earthy, nutty, pine.
Substitutes: Fuggle
Spalt (GER)
AA Range: 3.5 - 5%
Characteristics: Spicy, Noble hop aroma.
Substitutes: Saaz, Tettnang
Stella (AUS)

AA Range: 14 - 16%
Beta: 4 - 4.5%
Cohumulone: 36%
Characteristics: Spicy, earthy, hints of star anise. Floral.
Substitutes: Mix of English and Noble varieties
Sterling (US)
AA Range: 5 - 9%
Characteristics: Floral, spicy, slight citrus aroma.
Substitutes: Saaz
Sticklebract (NZ)
AA Range: 11 - 14%
Characteristics: Piney, citrus. Harsher bittering.
Strisselspalt (France)
AA Range: 3 - 5%
Characteristics: Mild Noble-like flavor, spicy, herbal.
Substitutes: Hersbrucker, Hallertau
Styrian Goldings (Slovenia)
AA Range: 4.5 - 6%
Characteristics: Mild, spicy aroma.
Substitutes: Aurora, Fuggle, Williamette
Summer (AUS)
AA Range: 4 - 7%
Beta: 4.8 - 6.1%
Cohumulone: 23 - 25%
Characteristics: Apricot, orange marmalade, melon notes; undercurrent of mild earth, spice. Click
through fornotes on my Summer hopped pale ale.
Substitutes: Possibly Rakau, Amarillo
Summit (US)
AA Range: 17 - 19%
Characteristics: Smooth bittering with orange, tangerine, citrus character.
Substitutes: Apollo
Super Pride (AUS)
AA Range: 9 - 10.5%

Beta: 5.5 - 6%
Cohumulone: 32%
Characteristics: Unique, intense aroma describe as "coarse," citrusy, herbal. Ubiquitous Australian hop.
Substitutes: Cluster, Galena
Sun (US)
AA Range: 12 - 16%
Super Alpha (NZ)
AA Range: 10 - 12%
Characteristics: Piney, grassy, lemongrass.
Substitutes: n/a
Target (UK)
AA Range: 8 - 13%
Characteristics: Herbal, earthy, grassy.
Substitutes: Admiral
(Hallertau) Taurus (GER)
AA Range: 12 - 17%
Characteristics: Noble, aromatic, zesty.
Substitutes: Horizon, Herkules, Magnum
Tettnang (UK)
AA Range: 3.5 - 5%
Characteristics: Herbal, slightly spicy, woody.
Substitutes: Saaz, Spalt, Ultra
Topaz (AUS)
AA Range: 15.5 - 18%
Beta: 6 - 7%
Cohumulone: 47 - 50%
Characteristics: Lychee fruit, tangerine, spice and resin. Touch of citrus.
Substitutes: Possibly Rakau, Stella
Tradition (GER)
AA Range: 5 - 7%
Characteristics: Sweetly flowery, earthy. Bred to be stronger version of Hallertau.
Substitutes: Hallertau, Liberty

Ultra (US)
AA Range: 4.5 - 5%
Characteristics: Spicy, floral, mild. Noble hop replacement.
Substitutes: Saaz, Spalt, Tettnang
Vanguard (US)
AA Range: 5 - 6%
Characteristics: Slightly flowery, herbal, and mild. Similar to Hallertau.
Substitutes: Hallertau, Spalt, Tettnang
Waimea (NZ)
AA Range: 15 - 16%
Characteristics: Pine needles, citrus fruit, grapefruit, tangerine.
Substitutes: N/A
Wakatu (NZ)
AA Range: 7 - 9%
Beta: 5.8% - 8.5%
Cohumulone: 28 - 35%
Characteristics: Mildly spicy, with a floral and citrus / lime character. Also known as Hallertau Aroma.
Substitutes: N/A
Warrior (US)
AA Range: 15 - 17%
Characteristics: Clean, mellow flavor; mild citrus lemon character.
Substitutes: Bravo, possibly Apollo or Magnum
Willamette (US)
AA Range: 4 - 6%
Beta: 3.5 - 4.5%
Cohumulone: 30 - 35%
Characteristics: Herbal, woody, earthy.
Substitutes: Fuggle, Tettnang
Zeus
See: Columbus/Tomahawk.
Zythos (US)
AA Range: 10 - 12%
Characteristics: Strongly aromatic, with tangerine, lemon, grapefruit, and pine notes.

Substitutes: Cascade, Ahtanum, Sorachi Ace