Introduction

The word ceramic is derived from the Greek word (keramikos). Ceramics are nonmetallic inorganic compounds formed from metallic (Al, Mg, Na, Ti, W) or semi-metallic (Si, B)
and non-metallic (O, N, C) elements. It can be classified into two categories: (traditional based
on clay. china, bricks, tiles, porcelain and glasses.), and advanced ceramics for electronic,
computer, aerospace industries. The ceramics are

Generally hard and brittle

Generally electrical and thermal insulators

Can be optically opaque, semi-transparent, or transparent

Ceramic bonds.
The ceramic Bonds are partially or totally ionic, and can have combination of ionic and covalent
bonding. For a given combination of atoms the type of bond or the proportion of the ionic and
co-valent character in the bond can be calculated as follows.
Percentage of ionic character [ 1 e

[0 . 25( X

X B )

]100

Where XAXB are the electro negativities of the elements present in the molecule