INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE

MA-001 MATHEMATICS-I (2014-15)

Tutorial Sheet- 4
1. If x = r cos , y = r sin , prove that
2r
2r
1 h r 2  r 2 i
(a) 2 + 2 =
+
x
y
r x
y
 r 2  r 2
(c)
+
= 1.
x
y
2. If V = At1/2 ex

2 /4a2 t

, prove that

(b)

2 r 2 r  2 r 2

=
x2 y 2
xy

V
2V
= a2 2 .
t
x

3. If w = e2x+3y cos 4z , x = ln t, y = ln(t2 + 1), z = t, find

4. If u = f (y z, z x, x y) , prove that
5. If

dw
using the chain rule.
dt

u u u
+
+
= 0.
x y
z

y2
z2
x2
+
+
= 1, prove that (ux )2 +(uy )2 +(uz )2 = 2(xux +yuy +zuz ).
a2 + u b2 + u c2 + u

6. Transform the equation

2u 2u
+ 2 = 0 into polar co-ordinates.
x2
y

pq
, p = x + y + z, q = x y + z and r = x + y z, find u/x, u/y
qr
and u/z.

7. If u =

8. Show that the following functions satisfy Laplace equation (that is, f satisfy fxx +
fyy +fzz = 0):
(a)f (x, y, z) = (x2 + y 2 + z 2 )1/2
(b)f (x, y, z) = e3x+4y cos 5z.
9. If w = f (u, v) satisfy the Laplace equation fuu + fvv = 0 and if u = (x2 y 2 )/2 and
v = xy, show that w satisfies the Laplace equation wxx + wyy = 0.
10. If v = v(r), where r2 = (x1 )2 + (x2 )2 + ..... + (xn )2 , show that
n
X
2v
2v n 1
=
+
vr .
xi 2
r2
r
i=1

11. The roots of the equation ( x)3 + ( y)3 + ( z)3 = 0 in are u, v, w. Prove
that
(u, v, w)
(y z)(z x)(x y)
= 2
.
(x, y, z)
(v w)(w u)(u v)
12. If u = x + y + z, v = x2 + y 2 + z 2 and w = xy + yz + zx, show that u, v, w are not
independent and find the relation between them.
13. If x = r sin cos ,

y = r sin sin ,

z = r cos , show that

(x, y, z)
= r2 sin .
(r, , )

14. If u = x(1 r2 )1/2 ,v = y(1 r2 )1/2 ,w = z(1 r2 )1/2 , where r2 = x2 + y 2 + z 2 ,

show that J(u, v, w) = (1 r2 )5/2 .
15. Find the directional derivative of the function f (x, y) = 2xy 3y 2 at point P0 (5, 5)
in the direction of v = 4i + 3j.
16. Find equations for the tangent plane and the normal line to the level surface x2 +
y 2 + z = 9 at the point P0 (1, 2, 4).
17. The surface f (x, y, z) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9, g(x, y, z) = x + y + z = 5 intersect in a
curve C. Find the line tangent to C at the point P0 = (1, 2, 2).
18. Obtain the Taylors series for f (x, y) = 4x2 + xy + 6y 2 + x 20y + 21 about (1, 2)
up to highest possible degree term.
19. For the following functions f (x, y) find the linearization L(x, y) at P0 and find an
upper bound for the magnitude |E| of the error in the approximation f (x, y)
L(x, y) over the rectangle R:
(a) f (x, y) = x2 3xy + 5 at P0 = (2, 1) and R : |x 2| 0.1, |y 1| 0.1
(b) f (x, y) = 1 + y + x cos y at P0 = (0, 0) and R : |x| 0.2, |y| 0.2
20. Using Taylors formula, find the quadratic and cubic approximations for the function
f (x, y) = xey at the origin.
21. Use Taylors formula to find a quadratic approximation of f (x, y) = cos x cos y at
the origin. Estimate the error in the approximation if |x| 0.1 and |y| 0.1.

Answers:
 4t2 + 1


2
tan
4t
t(t2 + 1)
2
u 1 u
1 2u
6. 2 +
+ 2 2 =0
r
r r
r
7. 0; 2(p r)/(q r)2 ; 2(p r)/(q r)2
12. u2 = v + 2w
15. 4
16. 2x + 4y + z = 14 ; x = 2t + 1, y = 4t + 2, z = t + 4, t R
17. y z = 0
18. f (x, y) = 6 5(x + 1) + 3(y 2) + 4(x + 1)2 + (x + 1)(y 2) + 6(y 2)2
19. (a) x 6y + 7, 0.06
(b) 1 + x + y, 0.0106
20. x + xy; x + xy + xy 2 /2
21. 1 x2 /2 y 2 /2, E(x, y) 0.00134
3. 2w