Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GSM Basics-IIT PDF
GSM Basics-IIT PDF
GSM Basics-IIT PDF
Lecture notes
on
GSM Basics
by
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
Department of Electrical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
TAX
Originating
Xch
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
Terminating Xch
GSM
STD Code A
Mobile
NW
STD Code B
GSM
Network Architecture
M
S
Abi
s
Base
Stn.
Contr.
Eqpmt ID.
Reg.
A
Mob.
Sw.
Cen.
Um
.
.
B
S
C
.
.
.
.
.
M
S
.
M
S
E1/SS7
M
S
Auth.
Cen.
Op &
Maint.
Cen.
B
S
C
C
to PSTN
VLR
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
64 kbps transcoders
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
can be
shared by many mobiles
signalling channel
common control
dedicated control
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
Multiframe Structure
8 time slots per carrier : 576.92 s x 8 = 4.615 ms frame duration
slot 0 on one carrier (called beacon) is for control
156.25 bits/slot
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
2045
2046
2047
49
24
50
1 frame= 8 slots
3
TB
57
bits
25
25
50
1 26 1
F T F
57
bits
3
TB
8.25
G
576.92 sec
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
12
13
25
. . . . . .
signalling
idle
GSM
GSM
10
10
11
40 41
Broadcast +
Paging +
Access Grant
50
Idle
GSM
11
3
TB
all-zero data
142
all zeros
3
TB
8.25
G
constant frequency
when MS is turned on, it can hunt continuously for FCH on beacon all
carriers in its SIM list
when found, look in slot 0 of next frame for Synchronisation Burst
One beacon per cell
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
12
3
TB
39
message
39
message
6
T
3
TB
8.25
G
S burst
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
13
Paging CHannel
for paging MS during incoming calls
paging channel divided into sub-channels (one out of every n PCH
slots)
MS wakes up less often in idle mode
Access
Grant CHannel
GSM
14
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
15
need these when TCH is not (yet) assigned, or, for user service (like
messaging) not requiring TCH
like TCH, but of lower capacity
Standalone Dedicated Control CHannel obtained by dividing
TCH/F into 8 parts
a time slot in four contiguous frames (for 23 bytes message), but
a gap of n frames before next such occurrence
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
16
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
17
Traffic
channels
duplex
Half-rate
TCH/H
Broadcast control BCCH
Broadcast
channels
simplex
base-to-mobile
Signalling
channels
Common
control
channels
simplex
mobile-to-base
Dedicated
control
channels
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
Fast associated
control FACCH
Slow associated control SACCH
GSM
duplex
18
GSM
19
Timing Advance
Propagation delay : ~1s per 300 m
MS synchronised to BTS clock as received by MS d meters away
d / 300 s offset
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
20
Location Area
should a paging message go on PCH channels of all BTSs?
heavy load on PCH
LA is a group of cells
all cells must belong to same MSC
MS listers to LA ID from BCCH
MS (i.e., SIM) registers itself in the LA with MSC
LA updation also helps MSC determine if call restrictions apply ;
e.g., in case of roaming
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
21
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
22
Appln.
Um
interface
Abis
interface
A
interface
CM
CM
MM
MM
RRM
RRM
RRM
SCCP
Network
Datalink LAPD
m
Phy
RRM
Radio
MS
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
LAPD LAPD
m
LAPD MTP
Radio 64 kb/s
64 kb/s64 kb/s
BTS
SCCP
MTP
64 kb/s
MSC
BSC
GSM
23
MTP : as in SS7
272 byte payload
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
24
Signalling
MS-BSC: radio resource management
channel assignment, timing advance, power control, handover (MSBTS only for handover)
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
25
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
26
handover management
channel quality and adjacent cell measurements by MS
co-ordination with MSC
ciphering/encryption control
access initiation always in clear mode
transition to encrypted mode occurs later
orchestrated by BSC
MSC involved only in handover, due to traffic considerations
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
27
Handover Management
handovers can be due to
movement out of cell, i.e., rescue, even call break and reestablishment can occur
reduction of interference , i.e., confinement, or good civic behaviour
traffic congestion in a cell
GSM
28
Mobility Management
Location area updation and paging control
HLR contains user registration information
VLR knows LA of each MS
VLR obtains subscriber information from HLR
GSM
29
Call Management
manages call establishment and teardown
treats MS-MSC (visited) link as fixed link
GSM
30
Call Setup by a MS
BSC
MS
MSC
4
5
6
2
3
PSTN
VLR
Assignment of trunk
on A channel
Assignment of TCH (SDCCH)
Assignment Complete
Assignment Complete
(voice path from MS to MSC)
7
8
9
10
Route Establishment
Alerting
11
ringback heard by MS
12
13
14
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
Answer
Connect
Connect Acknowledge
GSM
31
BSC
MS
Routing Information
4
5
PSTN
HLR
VLR
Page Message to
appropriate BSCs
Page
LA & TMSI
Page Response
Access Request
Complete Call
Setup
Call Confirmed
Alert
Setup Complete
Connect
18
19
Connect Acknowledge
20
21
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
Answer
end of MSC-VLR
dialogue
GSM
32
MS
Target
BSC
MSC
2
3
new TCH ID
Handover Command
5
Handover Command
6
7
8
9
10
11
Release
12
13
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
Release Complete
GSM
33
GSM 2G Services
circuit-switched services
voice: full rate (13 kbps) and half-rate (5.6 kbps)
data: fax, modem, X.25..
terminal adapter needed at MS, modem/fax/PAD needed at MSC
short messages
broadcast messages on CBCH
2-way paging on SACCH or SDCCH using Short Message Transport
Protocol between MS and SMC-Service Centre at MSC
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
34
References
1. GSM: A System for Mobile Communications, M. Mouly, and
M-B. Pautet, Palaiseau, 1992
2. Principles and Applications of GSM, V. K. Garg and J. E.
Wilkes, Prentica-Hall, N. J., 1999
3. Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, T. S.
Rappaport, Prentica-Hall, N. J., 1996
Dr Bhaskar Ramamurthi
GSM
35