GCSE CHEMISTRY

REACTIONS & FORMULAE

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 1
1

(ii)

Li/Na/K/Cu

(i)

Al3+

(ii)

Cl

(iii)

AlCl3

(i)

covalent

(ii)

CCl4

om

xx
H

(iii)

N
x
H

e.c

(c)

lose one or more electrons

(1 for bond pairs, 1 for lone pair)

ctiv

(b)

(i)

(a)

QUESTIONSHEET 2

(ii)

thermal decomposition

(i)

100

(ii)

Mr of CaO = 56
56 t CaO produced from 100 t calcium carbonate
280 t CaO produced from 500 t calcium carbonate

ma

CO2

he

(b)

(i)

ww
w.c

(a)

1
1

TOTAL 9

1
1
1
1
1
1

TOTAL 6

QUESTIONSHEET 3
(a)

2 and 2

(b)

mass of magnesium = 44.9 - 40.1 = 4.8 g

mass of magnesium oxide = 48.1 - 40.1 = 8.0 g
so, mass of oxygen = 8.0 - 4.8 = 3.2 g
moles of oxygen = 3.2/16 = 0.2
moles of magnesium = 4.8/24 = 0.2
ratio Mg:O = 1:1 therefore MgO

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

TOTAL 7

GCSE CHEMISTRY

REACTIONS & FORMULAE

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 4
(a)

(i)

to condense water

(ii)

find boiling point/boiling point is 100oC/

find freezing point/freezing point is 0oC/
blue cobalt chloride paper goes pink

Note: Cobalt chloride paper test only shows the presence of water, not that the substance is water.
It could be dilute acid, salt solution etc.
2.5 - 1.6 = 0.9 g

(ii)

0.9 / 2.5
= 36%

(i)

dehydration

(ii)

CuSO4 + 5H2O

om

(c)

(i)

CuSO4.5H2O

QUESTIONSHEET 5

1
1
1
1
1

TOTAL 8

23 + 14 + (3 16) = 85

(ii)

14 + (4 1) + 14 + (3 16) = 80

(i)

14/85 100
= 16.5%

(ii)

28/80 100
= 35%

1
1

(c)

ammonium nitrate

(d)

Two from:
alkaline/gas/poisonous/very soluble/smelly

(b)

he

(i)

ww
w.c

(a)

ma

ctiv

(iii)

e.c

(b)

1
1

1
1

TOTAL 9

GCSE CHEMISTRY

REACTIONS & FORMULAE

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 6
3.5/14 = 0.25 4/16 = 0.25
NO

1
1

(ii)

50/16 = 3.1
SO2

1
1

(iii)

39/39 = 1 1/1 = 1 12/12 = 1 48/16 = 3

KHCO3

1
1

(iv)

mass of oxygen = 16.0 11.2 = 4.8

4.8/16 = 0.3 11.2/56 = 0.2
Fe2O3

1
1
1

(i)

4.04/1 = 4.04 24.24/12 = 2.02 71.72/35.5 = 2.02

ratio of H:C:Cl = 2:1:1
CH2Cl

1
1
1

(ii)

relative mass of CH2Cl = 49.5

99/49.5 = 2 therefore C2H4Cl2

1
1

QUESTIONSHEET 7
(a)

(c)

om

e.c

ctiv

TOTAL 14

(i)

copper(II) chloride

(ii)

copper and chlorine

(iii)

bleaches
moist indicator paper

1
1

(i)

copper

(ii)

water

(iii)

CuO + H2 Cu + H2O

(iv)

reducing agent

ww
w.c

(b)

copper(II) oxide

50/32 = 1.5625

ma

(b)

(i)

he

(a)

1
2

TOTAL 10

GCSE CHEMISTRY

REACTIONS & FORMULAE

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 8
to allow you to find mass of substances in it

(ii)

125.9 - 117.8 = 8.1 g

(iii)

124.7 - 117.8 = 6.9 g

(iv)

8.1 - 6.9 = 1.2 g

(v)

1.2/8.1 100
= 14.8%

1
1

(d)

208

(ii)

18

e.c

(i)

moles of BaCl2 = 6.9/208 = 0.0332

moles of water = 1.2/18 = 0.0667
ratio of 1:2 therefore x = 2

QUESTIONSHEET 9
precipitation
reduction
endothermic
reversible
decomposition
oxidation
displacement
combustion

ww
w.c

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)

ma

(c)

heat the crucible again

cool and reweigh
repeat until weight is constant

ctiv

(b)

om

(i)

he

(a)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

TOTAL 14

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Note: In a question of this type it is not necessary to use all the available terms.
Sometimes, a term will be required more than once.

TOTAL 8

GCSE CHEMISTRY

REACTIONS & FORMULAE

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 10
energy/ heat transferred to surroundings

(b)

Ca(OH)2

(c)

neutralise acidity in lakes/soil/swimming pools

(d)

bubble carbon dioxide through it

(e)

heating it strongly

(f)

compounds can be formed from each other

any substances added are given off at a later stage

1
1

e.c

om

(a)

QUESTIONSHEET 11

TOTAL 7

displacement

(b)

c, e, f

(c)

chlorine + potassium bromide bromine + potassium chloride

(d)

Cl2

(e)

chlorine most reactive, then bromine, last iodine

(f)

fluorine displaces chlorine

(g)

no reaction

2KCl

Br2

he

2KBr

ww
w.c

ma

ctiv

(a)

1
3
1
2

TOTAL 10

QUESTIONSHEET 12
(a)

all are soluble

(b)

all are soluble

(c)

all except nitrate

are insoluble

1
1

(i)

lead carbonate + sodium nitrate

(ii)

no precipitate formed/ no reaction

(iii)

barium sulphate + sodium chloride

barium sulphate is very insoluble

not absorbed into bloodstream

1
1

(d)

(e)

TOTAL 11

GCSE CHEMISTRY

REACTIONS & FORMULAE

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 13
(a)

0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11

0.10

x
0.08
Loss in mass (g)

e.c

0.07

0.06

ctiv

0.05
0.04

0.03

0.01
10

20

30

ma

0.02

om

0.09

40

50

60

70

80

90

ww
w.c

labelled axes
sensible scales
accurate plotting
line of best fit

he

Volume of gas (cm )

1
1
1
1

(b)

student 4

(c)

(i)

38 cm3 (+/- 1 cm3)

(ii)

0.02 g (+/- 0.005 g)

(i)

find the density of the gas / mass/volume

compare to data book

1
1

(ii)

glowing splint
relights

1
1

(d)

Note: Always include the result of a chemical test. It is not sufficient to say,
for example, Use the glowing splint test.

TOTAL 11

GCSE CHEMISTRY

REACTIONS & FORMULAE

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 14
A and D

(ii)

rusting requires water/moisture

and oxygen/air

1
1

(b)

tube D
salt/ions in salt accelerates rusting

1
1

(c)

zinc/magnesium attached to hull/pier

zinc/magnesium more reactive than iron
corrodes in preference to iron

1
1
1

(i)

alloyed with another metal/electroplated

(ii)

coated in paint/plastic/electroplated

QUESTIONSHEET 15

(c)

iron/steel

(ii)

galvanising

(i)

sulphur dioxide

(ii)

Zn2+

(d)
(e)

ma

(i)

ww
w.c

(b)

Two from:
alloys may resist corrosion
alloys may look more attractive
alloys have lower meting points

he

(a)

e.c

(d)

om

(i)

1
1

TOTAL 10

ctiv

(a)

2
1
1
1
1

neutralisation

(i)

carbon

(ii)

ZnO + C

(iii)

reduction

Zn + CO

1
1

TOTAL 10

GCSE CHEMISTRY

REACTIONS & FORMULAE

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 16
sodium hydrogencarbonate

(ii)

acid

(iii)

sodium carbonate

the acid and carbonate react together

and fizz/produce carbon dioxide

1
1

(i)

raising agent
because it decomposes when heated to give carbon dioxide gas

1
1

(ii)

does not produce carbon dioxide when heated

(b)

(c)

calcium oxide

(ii)

calcium carbonate

ma

(i)

ctiv

QUESTIONSHEET 17
(a)

om

(i)

e.c

(a)

TOTAL 8

1
1

endothermic

(c)

limestone glowed brightly

crumbled

(d)

process is continuous/less energy loss/ time-saving

Two from:
jobs created
money brought into area
extension better than starting new quarry

Two from:
loss of animal habitats
eyesore
dust
noise
extra lorries on roads

(i)

(ii)

ww
w.c

(e)

he

(b)

1
1
1

TOTAL 10

GCSE CHEMISTRY

REACTIONS & FORMULAE

ANSWERS AND MARK SCHEMES

QUESTIONSHEET 18
delivery tube on end of test tube
delivery tube through cork
end of delivery tube in limewater

1
1
1

(ii)

limewater
goes cloudy/milky

1
1

(i)

copper produces a green flame

(ii)

dipped in acid

(iii)

calcium

(c)

om

(b)

(i)

calcium carbonate

e.c

(a)

(ii)

hydrogen

(c)
(d)

C
(i)

(ii)

irritant/harmful

(e)

ma

(i)

ww
w.c

(b)

he

(a)

ctiv

QUESTIONSHEET 19

hydrogen burns to make water

wasserstoff = water maker

1
1

TOTAL

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

TOTAL 8

QUESTIONSHEET 20
(a)

(b)

(c)

(i)

C + O2 CO2

(ii)

poisonous

(i)

oxygen is removed

(ii)

carbon

harder
lighter in colour
rougher texture

1
1
1

TOTAL 7