MACHINE TOOLS

LATHE:
1) Estimate the machining time to turn MS Rod from 4 cm dia to 3.5 cm dia for a length
of 15 cm in a single cut. Assume cutting speed 30 m/min. feed 0.4 mm/ rev.
Ans. 1.58 min
2) Find the time required to turn a 60mm dia rod into the
dimensions shown, take cutting speed as 20 m/ min. f = 1.2
mm/ rev. All cuts are 3mm deep.
Ans. 3.23 min
3) Find the time for threading on 3 cm spindle of M.S for length of 15 cm. The no. of threads
to be cut are 3 / cm. The lathe runs at 88 rpm. Assume Approach and over travel are 0.5 cm
each and no. of cuts for M.S. are 7.
Ans. 3.85 min
4) Find the time required for drilling a component shown in the figure.
Cutting speed = 20 m/min, feed = 0.02 cm /rev
Ans. 1.57 min
5) A hollow spindle is to be bored to enlarge its hole dia from 2.5 cm to 3 cm
up to 12 cm depth in a single cut. Estimate the boring time if cutting speed = 30 m/min, feed
= 0.02 cm/rev
Ans. 1.58 min
6) Find the time reqd. to face both ends of a component shown in one cut.
Assume RPM = 100 rpm, Cross feed = 0.03 cm / rev.
Ans. 1.33 min.
7) The roughing speed and finishing speed for turning a job are 30 m/min
and 60 m/min. The respective feeds are 0.24 mm/rev and 0.1mm/rev. The max depth of cut is
2 mm and min depth of cut is 0.75 mm. Take material constant is 1600 N/mm2. Calculate the
power required for roughing and finishing in watts.
Ans. Roughing Power = 384 W,
Finishing Power = 120 W
PRACTICE PROBLEMS:
8) A single start thread with a lead of 0.5 mm is to be cut on a lathe on a spindle of length
20 cm rotating at 90 rpm using 5 cuts. Assuming Approach and over travel as 10 mm,
estimate the threading time.
a)
23.5 min
b) 22 min
c) 24.5 min d) None
Ans: A
9) Estimate the boring time to enlarge a spindle bore from diameter 30 mm to diameter 40
mm for a length of 100 mm taking cutting speed as 30 m/min, feed 0.01 cm/rev. All cuts are
2mm deep.
a)
3.2 min
b) 10.7 min c) 3.7 min
d) 4.2 min Ans: B
10) A through hole of diameter 20 mm has to be drilled in a lathe in a rectangular plate of
size 500 x 400 x 50 mm. Drills of diameter 10 mm and 20 mm are available. Assuming that

the cutting speed is 10 m/min and the feed for drill is 0.2 mm/rev, calculate the drilling time.
Neglect approach and over travel. Maximum material cut at a time cannot exceed 10 mm.
a)
1.6 min
b) 13 min
c) 16 min
d) 2.4 min Ans: D
11) A round plate of diameter 500 mm has to be faced on both sides to reduce it thickness
from 30 mm to 20 mm. Depth of cut is 3 mm. Estimate the machining time. Cross feed is
0.05 cm/rev and plate rotates at 500 rpm.
a)
1 min b) 2 min
c) 4 min
d) 3 min
Ans: C
12. A square plate of size 300 x 300 mm has to be faced on both sides to reduce it thickness
from 50 mm to 40 mm in two cuts per side. Cross feed is 0.05 cm/rev and plate rotates at 200
rpm.
a) Estimate the machining time a neglecting corner lengths
a) 1.5 min
b) 6 min
c) 3 min
d) 9 min
Ans: B
b) Estimate the machining time including corner lengths
a)
8.5 min
b) 2.1 min
c) 4.3 min
d) 12.7 min

Ans: A

PREVIOUS QUESTIONS:
13. Determine the transformation ratio (TR) of the gear train connecting the spindle and lead
screw of 4 TPI required to cut 1mm pitch screw threads on a centre lathe.
Ans. 20/127
14. For cutting double start screw threads of pitch 2mm on a lathe, the thread cutting tool
should have a feed of _______
Ans. 4 mm/rev
15. Calculate a simple gear train to cut right hand threads of 1mm pitch on a lathe with lead
screw of 3mm pitch.
Ans. 20/60 with one idler.
16. A non standard thread of pitch 3.175mm is cut on a lathe having lead screw of pitch
6mm. A change gear set is provided with lathe having following teeth: 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70,
80, 90,100, 110, 120, 127. The correct pairs of change gears (a/b x c/d) is ______
Ans. a/b x c/d = 127/40 x 20/120
17. Find the angle at which the compound rest should be set to turn a taper on a work piece
having a length of 200 mm, diameters, 45 mm and 35 mm.
Ans. 1.50
18. Find the amount of offset of tail stock required to turn a taper of length 400 mm when the
diameters at the ends are 60 and 40 respectively.
Ans. 10 mm
19. A medium carbon steel work piece is turned on a lathe at 50 m/min cutting speed,
0.8mm/rev feed and 1.5 mm depth of cut. What is MRR
Ans. 60000mm3/min

SHAPER:
1) In a shaper work, the length of the stroke is 200 mm. No. of double strokes per min. is 30
and ratio of return time to cutting time is 2:3 find the cutting speed.
Ans. 10 m/min
2) Find the time required for taking a complete cut on a plate 600 x 900 mm, if the cutting
speed is 9 m / min. The return time to cutting time ratio is 1:4, feed is
3mm, clearance at each end is 75mm.
Ans. 31.25 min
3) Also find for the above problem Time required by cutting stroke, Return stroke time, and
No. of double strokes required to complete the job.
Ans. Time required by cutting stroke 0.083 min
Return stroke time = m x cutting stroke time = 0.021 min
No. of double strokes required to complete the job = W / f = 300
4) Calculate the power in shaping a steel plate with a depth of cut 2.8 mm, cutting speed 65
m /min. Feed rate is 0.4mm and constant for HP conversion is 79 x 10-6
Ans. 5.75 H.P
PRACTICE PROBLEMS:
5) Estimate the machining time to machine a plate of size 800 x 600 x 50 mm to reduce its
thickness by 10 mm in a shaper. Return time to cutting time ratio is 1:4. The maximum
cutting stroke is 600 mm. Depth of cut is 5 mm. Cutting speed is 10 m/min, feed is 0.3 cm.
a)
40 min b) 20 min
c) 200 min
d) None
Ans: A
PREVIOUS QUESTIONS:
6. If the number of double strokes per minute in a shaper is calculated by (0.643 x Cutting
speed in m/min) per length of stroke in m, the return speed is faster than cutting speed by
_____
Ans. Faster by 40%
7. The quick return mechanism used in a shaper has a rocker arm drive of length 200mm. If
the crank radius is 50 mm and the offset between crank centre and rocker arm pivot is 20
mm, length of the stroke is __________
Ans. 1m
DRILLING:
1) At what speed a 20mm dia drill will run for cutting steel at 25 m /min surface speed ?
Ans. 398 RPM
2) A hole of 40mm dia and 50mm depth is to be drilled in a M.S. component. The cutting
speed is 65m /min. feed rate is 0.25 mm /rev. Calculate a) Machining time b) material
removal rate. Assume approach and O.T. = 3mm.
Ans. a) 0.5 min
b )163.4 cm3.min

3) Blind holes of dia 10 mm are to be drilled up to a depth of 50 mm at a speed of 600 rpm

and feed 0.2 mm/rev. Point angle of drill is 1200. Machining time per hole is ____
Ans. 0.44 min.
4) Estimate the torque and thrust for a 20mm drill with a feed of 0.2 mm / rev. rotating at
150 rpm while drilling M.S. Torque constant is 616. Thrust constant for steel is 84.7
Ans. Torque, = 50.4 N-m ;
Thrust, = 549 N
PRACTICE PROBLEMS:
5) In a 45 mm thick plate a 50 mm hole has to be drilled in a work piece. Drills are available
in steps of 10 mm starting from diameter 10 mm. Assume approach and over travel are 2mm
each and length of tip as 5 mm in the drills. Take feed as 0.25 mm/rev and cutting speed is 50
m/min. What is the drilling time assuming that it is not possible to remove more than
10
mm material from hole per cut.
1. a)
0.7 min
b) 2.1 min
c) 0.56 min d) None
Ans: B
PREVIOUS QUESTIONS:
6. A drilling machine has to be designed with 8 spindle speeds ranging between 120 to 1200
rpm. The 5th spindle speed is ________
Ans N5 = 447 rpm
7. A component requires a hole which must be with in the two limits of 25.03 and 25.04 mm
diameter. Which of the following statements about reamer size are correct?
1. Reamer size cannot be below 25.03mm
2. Reamer size cannot be above 25.04mm
3. Reamer size can be 25.04mm
4. Reamer size can be 25.03mm
Ans. 1&2
8. A hole of 30 mm dia is to be produced by reaming. The min, dia. Possible is 30.00mm and
max. dia. possible is 30.05mm. Which of the statement are correct?
1. The min. dia. of the reamer can be less than 30mm
2. The min. dia. of the reamer can not be less than 30mm
3. The max. dia. of the reamer can be more than 30.05mm
4. The max. dia. of the reamer must be less than 30.05mm
Ans. 2 & 4
MILLING:
1) Estimate the time required to prepare a square prism on a milling machine from a
round block 90 mm in length and 40mm in dia, feed 25 mm / minute. Set up & Indexing
time is 15 min. Added table travel = 10 mm.
Ans. 31 min.
2) Estimate the milling time to cut 60 teeth on a gear blank of 60 mm thick, feed 35 mm /
minute and take set up time as 10 min. Assume table travel = 10 mm.
Ans. 130 min.

3) A slot is to be made on a milling machine with the help of a peripheral cutter, revolving
at 120 rpm. Find the time required to prepare the slot in two cuts, if it is 2 cm. deep and 10
cm. long with a cutter of 8 cm. dia. Assume feed as 0.5mm /rev. Neglect Over travel and
assume clearance at exit is 0.5 cm.
Ans. 4.38 min
4) A 20x5 cm. C.I. surface is to be faced on a milling machine with a face cutter having a
dia of 10 cm. and 16 teeth. The cutting speed and feed are 50 m / min. and 5 cm / min.
Determine the milling time for a roughing cut, rpm of cutter and feed per tooth.
Ans. Time taken = 4.135 min.;
RPM, N = 159 rpm; ft = 0.002 cm / tooth
5) A CNC vertical milling machine has to cut a straight slot of 10 mm width, 2mm depth b/w
(0,0) and (100,100) on XY plane (Dimensions in mm) with a cutter of dia 10mm. Feed rate is
50 mm/min. Milling time in seconds is __________.
Ans. 175.7 sec.
PRACTICE PROBLEMS:
6) A hexagonal prism is to be made in a milling machine from a round bar of diameter 60
mm and 100 mm length. The feed is 30 mm/min and set up time is 2 min per face. Estimate
the machining time. Assume added table travel 10 mm.
a)
24 min b) 20 min
c) 32 min
d) 34 min
Ans: D
7) A splined shaft having 5 splines is to be produced in horizontal milling m/c. The spline slot
dimensions are 100 x 15 x 3 mm. If feed is 25 mm/min, estimate the machining time
assuming setup time is 15 min. Neglect over travel. Cutter dia is 15mm
a)
21.2 min
b) 36.2 min c) 20 min
d) None
Ans: B
8) A work piece of 100 x 50 x 25 mm has to be machined using a face milling cutter of
diameter 60 mm and 20 teeth to reduce the thickness to 15 mm. The feed per tooth is
0.03
mm/tooth. The cutter rotates at 150 rpm. The depth of cut cannot exceed 5 mm.
a)
2.52 min
b) 1.26 min c) 1.1 min
d) None
Ans: A
9) A work piece of 200 x 150 x 50 mm has to be machined using a face milling cutter of
diameter 50 mm and 20 teeth to reduce the thickness to 45 mm. The depth of cut cannot
exceed 5 mm. Added table travel is 10 mm. The feed per tooth is 0.02 mm/tooth. The cutting
speed is 50 m/min
a) Determine the RPM of the cutter
a)
1000 b) 320
c) 250
d) None
Ans: B
b) Determine the milling time.
a)
5 min b) 1.7 min
c) 3.4 min
d) None
Ans: A
10. Data for a slab milling operation are given below:
Length of WP = 200 mm,
Cutter Dia = 100 mm
No. of teeth = 4,
Cutter speed = 100 rpm
Feed = 200 mm / min,
Depth of cut = 2 mm
Total clearance at entry and exit = 5mm.
Neglect over travel.
a) Mean undeformed chip thickness is _____________
b) Machining time for single pass in sec is __________
Ans. a) tavg = 71 m
b) T = 66 sec

11. A side and face cutter of 125 dia has 10 teeth. It operates at cutting speed 14m/min with
table traverse 100 mm/min. Feed per tooth of cutter is _____________
Ans. ft = 0.28 mm
12. One brand of milling m/c has following index plates.
Plate 1:- 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, hole circles; Plate 2:- 21, 23, 27, 29, 31, 33, hole circles
To make 28 teeth by simple indexing, what plate is suitable?
Ans. Plate 2:- 1 full revolution + 9 holes in 21 hole circle.
NTM:
1) During the electrochemical machining (ECM) of iron (atomic weight = 56, valency = 2) at
current of 1000A with 90% current efficiency, the MRR was observed to be 0.26 gm/s. If
Titanium (atomic weight = 48, valency = 3) is machined by the ECM process at the current of
2000A with 90% current efficiency, the expected MRR in gm/s will be ---------Ans. 0.2984 gm/s
2) Electrochemical machining is performed to remove material from an iron surface of
20 mm x 20 mm under the following conditions: Inter electrode gap = 0.2 mm; Supply
voltage (DC) = 12 V; Atomic weight of iron = 55.85, Valency of iron = 2; Specific resistance
of electrolyte = 2 ohm-cm; Faradays constant = 96540 coulombs; the MRR in gm/s will be -Ans. 0.3471 g/sec.
3) While removing material from iron (atomic weight = 56, valency = 2, density = 7.8 g/cc)
by ECM, a MRR of 2 cc/min is desired. The current required for achieving this MRR is -----Ans. 896.07 Amp
4) A researcher conducts ECM on a binary alloy (Density= 6000 kg/m3) of iron (atomic
weight = 56, valency = 2) and metal P (atomic weight = 24, valency = 4). Faradays constant
= 96500 coulombs /mole. Volumetric MRR of the alloy is 50 mm3/sec at a current of 2000A.
The percentage of metal P in the alloy is -------Ans. 25.48 %
PRACTICE PROBLEMS:
5. Calculate the MRR and electrode feed rate in the ECM of an iron surface that is 25mm x
25mm in cross section using Nacl in water as electrolyte. The gap between tool and work
piece is 0.25 mm. Supply voltage is 12V DC. Specific resistance of electrolyte is 3 -cm
Valency of iron =2, Atomic weight = 55.85, Density = 7860 kg/m3.
Ans. a) Metal Removal Rate = 0.0368 cm3/sec.
b) Electrode feed rate = 3.53 mm/min
6. In ECM operation of pure iron, an equilibrium gap of 2 mm is kept. Determine the supply
voltage, if the over voltage is 2.5V, resistivity of electrolyte is 50 -mm, Set feed rate is
0.25mm/min.
Ans. V= 13.78V
7. In a RC type generator in EDM, the maximum charging voltage is 80 V and the charging
capacitor is 100 F. Determine spark energy.
Ans. 0.32 J/cycle

8. If in a RC type generator in EDM, to get an idle time of 500 s for open circuit voltage of
100 V and maximum charging voltage of 70 V, determine charging resistance.
Assume C = 100 F.
Ans. R = 4.15
9. For a RC type generator in EDM to get maximum power dissipation during charging
Vc = Vs x 0.716. Determine idle time for R = 10 and C = 200 F
Ans. Idle Time = 2.51 milli sec
10. Determine on time or discharge time in EDM if Supply voltage = 100 V and Discharge
voltage= 15 V, Spark energy = 0.5 J. Generator is expected for maximum power during
charging. Machine resistance = 0.5 .
Ans. Discharge Time = 0.15 milli sec
PREVIOUS QUESTIONS:
11. Estimate the MRR (in cc/s) of an alloy containing 18% cobalt, 62% Nickel, 20%
Chromium during ECM with a current of 500A. Density of alloy is 8.28 g/cc. The following
data is available:
Metal Gram Atomic Weight
Valency
Co
58.93
2
Ni
58.71
2
Cr
51.99
6
-2
Ans. MRR = 1.24 x 10 cc/s
12. A titanium sheet of 5.0mm thickness is cut by a wire edm process using a wire of 1mm
dia. A uniform spark gap of 0.5 mm on both sides is maintained during the cutting operation.
If the feed rate of the wire in to the sheet is 20mm/min, the MRR in mm3/min is _______
Ans. MRR = 200 mm3/min
13. In EDM process using RC relaxation circuit, a 12 mm dia through hole is made in steel
plate of 50 mm thickness using a graphite tool and kerosene as dielectric. Assume discharge
time is negligible. Machining is carried under following conditions. Resistance = 40.
Capacitance = 20 F, Supply voltage = 220 V, Discharge voltage = 110 V.
a) The time for one cycle in milli sec is __________
b) Average power input in KW is _____________
Ans. a) Cycle Time = 0.55 milli sec
b) Average power Input = 0.22 KW.
NC MACHINES:
1. In a point to point control of NC machine, the slides are positioned by an integrally
mounted stepper motor drive. If the specification of the motor is 1 deg/pulse and pitch of the
lead screw is 3.6 mm, what is the expected positional accuracy.
Ans. 10 m.
2. A cylinder of 155 mm dia is to be reduced to 150mm dia in one turning cut with a feed of
0.15 mm/rev and cutting speed of 150 m/min on a NC lathe. What are the programmed feed
rate and MRR.
Ans. Programmed feed rate = 46.2 mm/min
MRR = 56250 mm3/min

3. A DC servo motor is directly driving an NC table. The pitch of the lead screw of the table
is 5mm. The motor rotates at 100 rpm for an applied voltage of 10V. If the voltage speed
characteristic of the motor is linear, the applied voltage for a table speed of 3 m/min is _____.
Ans. 60V
4. In finish machining of an island on a casting with CNC milling machine, an end mill of
10mm dia is used. The corner points of the island are (0, 0), (0, 30), (50, 30), (50, 0). By
applying cutter radius compensation, the trajectory of cutter will be____
Ans. (0, 0) (-5, -5) (55, -5) (55, 35), (-5, 35) (-5, -5)
5. In a CNC feed drive, a stepper motor with step angle of 1.80 drives a lead screw with pitch
of 2 mm. The BLU for this drive is _____.
Ans. BLU = 10 m
6. A stepper motor has 150 steps. The output shaft of the motor is directly coupled to a lead
screw of pitch 4 mm which drives the table. If the frequency of pulse supply to the motor is
200Hz, the speed of the table (mm/min) is ______
Ans. speed of table = 320 mm/min
7. The total angular movement (in degrees) of a lead screw with a pitch of 5 mm to drive the
work table by a distance of 200 mm in a NC machine is _______
Ans. Total angular movement in degrees = 144000
8. For a 3-axes CNC table, the slide along the vertical axis of the table is driven by a DC
servo motor, via lead screw nut mechanism. The lead screw has a pitch of 5 mm. This lead
screw is fitted with a relative (incremental) encoder. The BLU of the slide along the vertical
axis of the table is 0.005mm. When the table moves along the vertical axis by 9mm, the
corresponding number of pulses generated by the encoder is _______
Ans. 1800 pulses.
9. A DC servo motor is coupled directly to a lead screw which drives an NC table. A digital
encoder which emits 500 pulses per revolution is mounted on the other end of the lead screw.
If the pitch of the lead screw is 5mm and the motor rotates at 600 rpm, calculate a) Linear
velocity of the table b) BLU of the NC system
c) The frequency of pulses transmitted
by the encoder.
Ans. a) 3 m/min
b) 10 m
c) 5000 Hz
NC PART PROGRAMMING:
1) A work piece shown in the figure has to be
drilled with 3 holes at different places as shown.
The depth of hole is 10mm and the cutting tool
is positioned above the work surface. The feed
rate is 200 mm/ min and spindle rotates at 1000
rpm.

2) A work piece shown in figure has to be machined

along AB & BC in milling taking depth of cut as 5 mm.
The feed rate is 200 mm/min spindle speed is 2000
rpm, cutter dia 10 mm.

3) Prepare a part program for machining a rectangular contour of 200 mm x 150 mm size
from a suitable blank of 5mm thickness. Also a reamed hole of 16 mm has to be made
centrally in the rectangular contour. Take feed and speed arbitrarily.
4) Make a program in Apt for the part shown on the right
in the figure.

5) Make a part program for the part shown on

the left using both tools of mill & drill.
Assume plate thickness of 15mm and set point
at (0, 20, 0) and Z = 0 at the surface of job.

6) Make a program in Apt for the part shown on the

right in the figure. Assume suitable data.

7) Make a program in Apt for the part shown

on the left in the figure. Assume suitable
data. Assume thickness of work piece is 6
mm.