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Zoo301L

Muscle

1.

2.

3.

4.

Origin
Insertion
MUSCLES OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL
Lumbodorsal
Extensive neurosis
fascia, posterior (passes to the linea
External oblique
ribs by separate
alba), pubis
slips
2nd sheet of
Linea alba by the
lumbodorsal
extensive
Internal Oblique
fascia and
aponeurosis
border of the
pelvic girdle
2nd sheet of
Linea alba by the
Transverse
lumbodorsal
extensive
(transversus
fascia and
aponeurosis
abdominis)
border of the
pelvic girdle
Anterior end of Sternum and costal
pubis symphysis
cartilages
Rectus abdominis

5. Pectoantibrachialis

6. Pectoralis major

MUSCLES OF THE CHEST

Manubrium
By a flat tendon on
the fascia of the
forearm
Sternum and
Humerus
median ventral
raphe
Sternum
Humerus

7. Pectoralis minor

8. Xiphihumeralis

Xiphoid process
to the sternum

Humerus

MUSCLES OF THE NECK AND THROAT

Median raphe,
Skull (from the
manubrium of
lambdoidal ridge to
9. Sternomastoid
the sternum
the mastoid
process)
10. Sternohyoid
11. Cleidomastoid

First costal
cartilage
Mastoid process

Body of the hyoid

bone
Clavicle and the

Action
Constricts the
abdomen

Compresses
the abdomen

Compresses
the abdomen

Retracts ribs
and sternum;
compresses
abdomen
Draws the arm
towards the
chest
Draws the arm
towards the
chest
Draws the arm
towards the
chest
Draws the arm
towards the
chest
Turn the head
(singly);
depresses
head on neck
(together)
Draw the hyoid
posteriorly
Pulls the

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Zoo301L
raphe lateral to the
clavicle*

12. (a)Clavotrapezius and

(b)clavobrachial (or
cephalobrachial
together)

(a)Superior
nuchal line of
occipital bone
and the middorsal line of the
neck to the
spine of the axis
(b) clavicle and
raphe lateral to
the clavicle
Zygomatic arch

13. Masseter

14. Temporal

15. Digastric

Side of the skull

from the
superior nuchal
line to the
zygomatic
process of the
frontal bone,
and from part of
the zygomatic
arch
Jugular and
mastoid process
of the skull
Mandible

(a)clavicle and the

raphe between the
clavotrapezius and
the clavobrachialis
(b)ulna

Posterior half of the

lateral surface of
the mandible
Coronoid process
of the mandible

Elevates the
lower jaw

Mandible

Depresses the
lower jaw

Median raphe

Thyroid cartilage of
the larynx

Raises the floor

of the mouth
and brings
hyoid forward
Draws the
hyoid forward
Pulls the larynx
posteriorly

Posterior horn of

Raises the

16. Mylohyoid

17. Geniohyoid
18. Sternothyroid
19. Thyrohyoid

Mandible near
the symphysis
Sternum (in
common with
the sternohyoid)
Thyroid cartilage

clavicle craniad
or turns head,
acting singly, or
lowers head on
neck
(a) elevates
and retracts
(adducts)
scapula
(b)flexes
forearm

Body of the hyoid

Elevates the
jaw

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Zoo301L

the hyoid
larynx
MUSCLES OF THE UPPER BACK AND SHOULDER AND BACK OF THE NECK
Neural spines of By a tendon on the
Pulls the
the last thoracic
medial surface of
forelimb
and most of the
the Humerus
dorsally and
lumbar
caudally
20. Latissimus dorsi
vertebrae and
from the
lumbodorsal
fascia
21. Trapezius muscles
Spines of the
Fascia of the
Draws the
a. Posterior trapezius/
thoracic
scapula
scapula dorsad
spinotrapezius
vertebrae
and caudad
Neural spines of
Metacromion
Draws scapula
cervical and first process and spine
dorsad and
b. Middle trapezius/
thoracic
of scapula and
holds the two
acromiotrapezius
vertebrae
fascia of the
scapulae
preceding muscle
together
c. Anterior trapezius/
See above
clavotrapezius
Transverse
Metacromion
Draws the
22. Levator scapulae
process of the
process and
scapula
ventralis
atlas and
neighboring fascia
craniad
occipital bone
Neural spines of
the vertebrae
Vertebral border of Draws scapula
23. Rhomboideus
and adjacent
the scapula
dorsad
ligaments
Draws the
Superior nuchal
scapula
24. Rhomboideus capitis
Scapula
line
craniad and
rotates it
Middorsal line
Superior nuchal
Raises or turns
25. Splenius
and fascia
line
the head
Greater tuberosity
Whole surface
of the humerus,
of the
Extends the
26. Supraspinatus
next to the
supraspinous
humerus
insertion of
fossa
petoralis minor
27. Deltoids
Acromion
Surface of other
Flexes the
Acromiodeltoid
process
muscles of the
humerus and

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Zoo301L

shoulder

rotates it
outward
Deltoids raise
and rotate the
humerus

28. Deltoids Spinodeltoid

Spine of the
scapula

Deltoid ridge of the

humerus;
concealed by the
acriodeltoid

29. Deltoids Clavodeltoid

Clavicle and
clavotrapezius
muscle

Humerus

Flexes forearm

Surface of the
scapula

Greater tuberosity
of the humerus;
concealed by
deltoids

Rotates the
humerus

In common with
latissimus dorsi on
the medial surface
of the humerus

Rotates the
humerus and
lowers it

30. Infraspinatus

31. Teres major

32. Teres minor

33. Subscapularis

34. Serratus ventralis

35. Serratus dorsalis

36. Scalenes
37. External intercostals
38. Internal intercostals

Axillary border
of the scapula
and fascia of
neighboring
muscles
Axillary border
of the scapule
Subscapular
fossa
By slips from the
first nine or ten
ribs and the
anterior part
from the
transverse
processes of the
last five cervical
vertebrae
Aponeurosis
from the median
dorsal line
Ribs
Caudal border of
one rib
Cranial border of
one rib

Greater tuberosity
Lesser tuberosity
of the humerus

Assists the
infraspinatus
Pulls the
humerus
medially

Scapula near the

vertebral border

Draws the
scapula
craniad,
ventrad and
against the
thoracic wall

Last ribs

Draws ribs
forward

Transverse
process of the
cervical vertebrae
Cranial cover of rib
caudad
Caudal cover of rib
above

Draw ribs
forward and
bend the neck
Raises rib
(inhalation)
Draws adjacent
rib together

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Zoo301L
and lower rib

Transverse
39. Epaxial muscles of
processes of
Spinous process 1the thorax cervical and
7 superior to origin,
Semispinalis
thoracic
nucal lines of skull
vertebrae
Iliac crest,
Transverse
sacrum, lumbar
processes of the
40. Epaxial muscle of the
and sacral
thoracic and
thorax - Longissimus
spinous
cervical vertebrae,
processes
mastoid process
iliac crest,
sacrum, lumbar
Angles of ribs,
41. Epaxial muscle of the
and sacral
transverse
thorax - Iliocostalis
spinous
processes c4-c6
processes
MUSCLES OF THE UPPER ARM
42. Triceps brachii or
Anconeus
43. Epitrochlearis or
extensor antibrachii
44. Biceps brachii
45. Brachialis
46. Triceps brachii or
Anconeus
47. Epitrochlearis or
extensor antibrachii
48. Biceps brachii
49. Brachialis

Distal end of the

humerus

Ulna

Latissimus doris

Olecranon

Glenoid fossa
Humerus

Radius
Ulna

Distal end of the

humerus

Ulna

Latissimus doris

Olecranon

Glenoid fossa
Radius
Humerus
Ulna
MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM
Lateral
epicondyle of
Proximal end of
50. Extensor carpi ulnaris
the humerus,
fifth metacarpal
and semilunar
notch of the ulna
51. Extensor digitorum
Lateral surface
Digits
lateralis
of humerus

Extends and
flexes vertebral
column, head
and neck
Extends and
flexes vertebral
column and
head
Extends and
flexes vertebral
column

Strengthens
the elbow
joints; possibly
rotates the ulna
Rotates the
ulna
Flexes forearm
Flexes forearm
Strengthens
the elbow
joints; possibly
rotates the ulna
Rotates the
ulna
Flexes forearm
Flexes forearm
Extends the
fifth digit and
ulnar side of
wrist
Extends the
digits

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52. Extensor digitorum

communis
53. Branchioradialis or
supinator longus
54. Extensor carpi
radialis
55. Pronator teres

56. Flexor carpi radialis

57. Palmaris longus

58. Flexor profundus
digitorum

59. Flexor carpi ulnaris

60. Gluteus medius

61. Gluteus maximus

62. Caudofemoralis

3Bio1
above the lateral
epicondyle
Lateral
epicondyle of
the humerus

Zoo301L

Digits

Humerus

Radius

Humerus near
other extensors
Medial
epicondyle of
the humerus
Medial
epicondyle of
humerus

Second and third

metacarpals

Medial
epicondyle of
humerus

Radius

Extends the
digits
Supinates the
hand
Extends the
hand
Rotates radius
to prone
position

Second and third

metacarpal

Flexes the
metacarpals

Flat tendon passes

through wrist
ligaments; 4-5
tendons

Flexes the
digits

Ulna and
Basal phalanges
humerus
Medial
epicondyle of
Pisiform bone of
the humerus;
the wrist
Olecranon
process of ulna
MUSCLES OF THE THIGH
Adjacent fascia;
crest of ilium,
lateral surface of
greater trochanter
ilium, transverse
of femur
process of last
sacral and first
caudal vertebra
Fascia and
transverse
Fascia and to
processes of
some extent the
last sacral and
greater trochanter
first caudal
of the femur
vertebra
Transverse
Patella
processes of
2nd and 3rd

General flexor
of the fingers
Flexes ulnar
side of wrist

Abducts thigh

Abducts thigh

Abducts thigh;
extends shank

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caudal vertebra
63. Sartorius

64. Tensor fascia latae

65. Biceps femoris

66. Quadriceps femoris

a) Vastus lateralis
b) Rectus femoris
c) Vastus medialis
d) Vastus intermedius

70. Gracilis
71. Adductor longus and
Adductor femoris
72. Semimembranosus
73. Semitendinosus
74. Tenuissimus

75. Tibialis anterior

76. Extensor digitorum
longus
77. Peroneus
78. Gastrocnemius
79. Soleus

Crest and
ventral border of
ilium

Proximal end of the

tibia & patella and
fascia & ligaments

Adducts and
rotates the
thigh; extends
shank

Fascia lata

Tightens the
fascia lata

Patella and tibia;

fascia of shank

Abducts thigh;
flexes shank

Ilium and
neighboring
fascia
tuberosity of
ischium
a) Greater
trochanter
and surface
of femur
b) Ilium near
acetabulum
c) Femur
d) Surface of
femur
Ischial and pubic
symphysis

Patella and
adjacent ligaments

Extends the
shank

Aponeurosis which
passes to tibia

Adducts leg

Pubis

Femur

Adducts thigh

Ischium

Medial epicondyle
of femur, proximal
end of tibia

Extends thigh

Ischial tuberosity

Tibia

Flexes the
shank

Transverse
process of
Fascia of shank
second caudal
vertebrae
MUSCLES OF THE SHANK
Proximal parts
First (1st)
of tibia and
metatarsal
fibula
Lateral
Tendon inserted on
epicondyle of
each digit
femur
Metatarsals and
Fibula
digits
Surface fascia;
femur, tendon,
Calcaneus
and fascia of
plantaris
Fibula
Calcaneus

Abducts the
thigh

Flexes the foot

Extends the
digits
Extends and
flexes the foot
Extends the
foot
Extends the

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80. Plantaris
81. Flexor digitorum
longus
82. Tibialis posterior

3Bio1

Patella and
femur
Tibia, fibula,
adjacent fascia
Tibia, fibula,
fascia

Zoo301L

Calcaneus
Phalanges
Scaphoid and
medial cuneiform
of ankle

foot
Flexes the
digits
Flexes the
digits
Extends the
foot