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Lect1f Intro
Lect1f Intro
INTRODUCTION TO
BOTANY
http://lecture.brawijaya.ac.id/smtom
sm09tom1
LECTURE CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
Teaching Philosophy
Definition
Botany Areas
LIFE
CELL
Growth
Development
Metabolic Processes
Movement
Response To Stimuli
Reproduction
Science
The scientific method
Deductive and
inductive reasoning
Hypothesis
Theories, facts and
change
HOW TO STUDY
1. ENGLISH PRESENTATION
2. STUDY MODEL: PCL (PropagationCentered Learning) or SPARS (Self-
IM
D
KDM
TRADISONAL
(TCL)
PCL
IM
IM = INDIVIDU MAHASISWA
D = DOSEN
KDM = KELOMPOK DISKUSI MAHASISWA
IM IM
IMIMIM
INTRODUCTION
Teaching Philosophy
"Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day, but
teach a man to fish and he will eat for a lifetime" Confucius
Your instructor is here to teach you to fish, i.e.
think.
Therefore, a question may sometimes be answered
with a question, or your fellow classmates may be
called upon to help answer it
As long as you make an honest effort to answer the
question you need not be embarrassed. However, if
you are not keeping up with the material then you may
indeed be embarrassed.
COMPETENCY
Students successfully completing botany lecture would be
able
1. Tead college-level materials.
2. To define or interpret unfamiliar words, and to use
features such as the table of contents, index, appendix
and glossary.
3. To conduct careful, thoughtful observations of objects in
nature and science.
4. To describe their observations and measurements
accurately using appropriate terms and units.
5. To interpret and draw conclusions based on their
observations and measurements.
6. To evaluate the significance of their conclusions.
7. To interpret, analyze and evaluate spoken messages
Competency
8. To identify the main and subordinate ideas in spoken
messages.
9. To distinguish between informative and persuasive
spoken messages.
10. To follow spoken instructions.
11. To recognize valid and invalid reasoning.
12. To understand and use inductive and deductive reasoning
13. To draw reasonable conclusions from information found
in various sources.
14. To distinguish between fact, opinion and inference.
15. To compare, contrast and classify information and
concepts.
16. To recognize cause and effect
COURSE OBJECTIVES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
DEFINITION
Botany Areas
Plant Taxonomy
Plant identification, naming and classification
Plant Morphology
Plant form and anatomy
Plant Physiology
Plant functions and reactions
LIFE
What is life?
If we were to list the criteria for defining
life what would they be?
All living things are composed of cells
They have self regulating metabolisms
They move
Respond to stimuli
Reproduce
Adapt to environment
CELL
All life begins in one cell
The CELL is the smallest unit of living
matter. The smallest living things are
one celled animals. Certain bacteria
and algae
Larger organisms are collections of cells
in which cells are differentiated by
function by act in concert, that is they
are organized and cooperate.
Growth
Growth can be illustrated with
a snowball rolling downhill or a stream growing larger as
Development
Living things also develop as they grow,
that is they change: from fertilized egg
to embryo to fetus to infant, to child to
adolescent to adult hood to maturity and
death.
METABOLIC PROCESSES
An organisms ability to convert food into living
cells is the result of complex chemical reactions
that transform nutrients into the chemical
components needed to build cells.
The process of releasing energy from nutrients
for growth and development is called cellular
respiration.
The collection of all of the chemical reactions
and energy transfers necessary for growth,
maintenance, and reproduction is called
metabolism
Metabolic reactions go on constantly. What
would the condition be called when all
metabolic functions cease?
To stay alive
the various functions within an organism must
work in cooperation with each other
one system must know when and how to work in
conjunction with another
how much of a substance to produce, when to
start and stop producing it
MOVEMENT
Although some living things do not have
the ability of locomotion (moving
themselves from one place to the next),
internal motion is found in all life forms.
The material which comprise cells is in
constant movement. Although plants
cannot move from place to place they
are able to respond to changes in light
and local conditions while in place.
RESPONSE TO STIMULI
All living things respond to stimuli.
What are stimuli? Changes
Hungertemperaturequality of our
surroundingsfear
REPRODUCTION
All living things reproduce in some
fashion. All living things die. Species
perpetuate themselves through
reproduction.
Reproduction involves the transfer of
hereditary information from one
generation to the next by
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). It is the
molecular vehicle or blueprint that is
used to build the next generation, it is a
mixture of the parents DNA.
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction occurs in simple
organisms such as an amoeba, where
after reaching a certain size a single
parent divides in half giving rise to two
new amoebas
Prior to division an amoeba makes a
copy of its DNA so that one complete
set of DNA is passed on to each new
individual. Because the DNA is
identical, each individual is identical.
SCIENCE
Science is a way of thinking and a
method of investigation to understand
natural phenomena
The word science comes from the latin
word scientia which means to know
The scientific process is dynamic
(always changing) and it is creative
INTRODUCTION
HYPOTHESIS
When a scientist forms a hypothesis, certain
guidelines are followed
the hypothesis is consistent with well established
facts,
the hypothesis can be tested in some way, and the
test can be repeated
the hypothesis can be shown to be false
For example
a dog has puppies, the dog is a
mammal, it bears live young, with hair
The hypothesis (using inductive logic)
would be that all mammals are milkgiving, bear live young, with hair
This was true until someone discovered
the duck billed platypus, the spiny
anteater that had fur, gave milk but laid
eggs
HYPOTHESIS
The End