1

Implicit and logarithmic differentiation

1. For each equation below, find the equation of the tangent line to the curve at the given
point.
 

(a) cos(x y) + sin(y) = 2 at

,
2 4
sin(x y)(1 y 0 ) + cos(y)y 0 = 0
(sin(x y) + cos(y))y 0 = sin(x y)
sin(x y)
y0 =
sin(x y) + cos(y)
sin( 2 4 )
0
y =
sin( 2 4 ) + cos( 4 )
sin( 4 )
y =
sin( 4 ) + cos( 4 )
0

y0 =

+ 22
1
y0 =
2

y = (x )
4
2
2
1
y= x
2
(b) (x2 + y 2 )2 =

2
2

2
2

25xy 2
at (1, 2)
4
25 2
(y + 2xyy 0 )
4
25
25
(4y(x2 + y 2 ) xy)y 0 = y 2 4x(x2 + y 2 )
2
4
2
3
25y 16x 16xy 2
y0 =
16x2 y + 16y 3 50xy
25(2)2 16(1)3 16(1)(2)2
y0 =
16(1)2 (2) + 16(2)3 50(1)(2)
1
y0 =
3
1
y 2 = (x 1)
3
x+5
y=
3
2(x2 + y 2 )(2x + 2yy 0 ) =

!!

(c) ax2 + bxy + cy 2 = d at (e, f )

2ax + b(y + xy 0 ) + 2cyy 0 = 0
(bx + 2cy)y 0 = 2ax by
2ax by
bx + 2cy
2ae bf
y0 =
be + 2cf
2ae bf
yf =
(x e)
be + 2cf
2ae bf
2ae bf
y=
x
e+f
be + 2cf
be + 2cf
y0 =

y=

2ae bf
2ae2 + bef
bef + 2cf 2
x+
+
be + 2cf
be + 2cf
be + 2cf

y=

2(ae2 + bef + cf 2 )
2ae bf
x+
be + 2cf
be + 2cf
y=

(2ae bf )x + 2d
be + 2cf

2. Find the equations of the vertical and horizontal tangent lines of the ellipse defined by
the equation x2 + 4y 2 + 2xy = 12.
2x + 8yy 0 + 2(y + xy 0 ) = 0
(8y + 2x)y 0 = 2x 2y
x y
y0 =
x + 4y
The tangent line is vertical when x + 4y = 0. Solving for x:
y=
x2 + 4(

x
4

x 2
x
) + 2x(
) = 12
4
4
3 2
x = 12
4
x = 4, 4

The tangent line is horizontal when x y = 0. Solving for y:

x = y
2

(y)2 + 4y 2 + 2(y)y = 12
3y 2 = 12
y = 2, 2
3. Use logarithmic differentiation to find the derivatives of the following functions.


x+1
(a) f (x) = ln
x1
f (x) = ln(x + 1) ln(x 1)
1
1

x+1 x1
x+1
x1
2
f 0 (x) = 2
x 1 x 1
2
f 0 (x) = 2
x 1
f 0 (x) =


2x
1
(b) f (x) = 1 +
x

f (x) =

x+1
x

2x

ln(f (x)) = 2x(ln(x + 1) ln(x))



1
f 0 (x)
1
= 2(ln(x + 1) ln(x)) + 2x

f (x)
x+1 x




f 0 (x)
x+1
x+1
x
= 2 ln

+ 2x
f (x)
x
x(x + 1) x(x + 1)




x+1
1
f 0 (x)
= 2 ln
+2
f (x)
x
x+1
 


2x
x+1
1
x+1
0
f (x) = 2 ln

x
x+1
x
!!

(c) f (x) =

x2x (ex)3x1 1+2x ln(ex2 )

e
x10x+15
2)

f (x) = x2x e3x1 x3x1 x10x15 e1 e2x ln(ex

f (x) = x2x e3x1 x3x1 x10x15 e1 (ex2 )2x

f (x) = x2x e3x1 x3x1 x10x15 e1 e2x x4x
f (x) = xx16 e5x
3

ln(f (x)) = (x 16) ln(x) + 5x

f 0 (x)
x 16
= ln(x) +
+5
f (x)
x
16
f 0 (x)
= ln(x) 1 +
+5
f (x)
x


16
0
f (x) = 4 ln(x)
xx16 e5x
x