COMPUTER HARDWARE

COURSE CONTENT
1.INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER
1.1 WHAT IS COMPUTER
1.2 COMPUTER GENERATION
1.3 COMPUTER TYPES
1.4 COMPUTER HISTORY
2 BASIC ELETRONICS
2.1 GATES WORKING METHODS
2.2 ANALOG SYSTEM
2.3 BINARY SYSTEM
2.4 NUMBER SYSTEM
2.4.1 BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM
2.4.2 DECIMAL SYSTEM
2.4.3 OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM
2.4.4 HEXA DECIAML NUMBER SYSTEM
3..COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5

DEFINE ARCHITECTURE
INPUT UNIT
PROCESSING UNIT
OUTPUT UNIT
MEMORY UNIT
3.5.1 MAIN MEMORY OR PROMARY MEMORY
3.5.2 SECONDARY MEMORY
3.5.3 EXTERNAL MEMORY

4.MOTHER BOARDS
4.1
4.2

4.3

MOTHER BOARD TYPES

MOTHER BOARD PARTS
4.2.1 BACK PANEL
4.2.2 RAM SLOTS
4.2.3 PROCESSOR SOCKETS
4.2.4 PCI SLOTS
4.2.5 AGP SLOTS
4.2.6 NORTH BRIDGE
4.2.7 SOUTH BRIDGE
COST OF MOTHER BOARDS

5.RAMS
5.1 USE OF RAM
5.2 TYPE OF RAM
5.3 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE RAMS
5.4 COST OF RAMS
6.PROCESSORS
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7

SLOT PROCESSOR
SOCKET PROCESSORS
PROCESSOR TYPES
DIFFERENT TYPE OF PROCESSOR
PROCESSOR PRODUCING COMPAIES
DEFFERENT PROCESSOR DETAILS
COST OF PROCESSOR

7.SMPS
7.1 AT POWER SUPPLY UNIT
7.2 ATX POWER SUPPLY UNIT
7.3 PROCESSOR POWER SUPPLY UNIT
7.4 HARDDISK POWER SUPPLY UNIT
7.5 FLOPPY POWER SUPPLY UNIT
7.6 SMPS PRODUCED COMPAIES
7.7 COST OF SMPS
8.HARD DISK
8.1 HISTORY OF HARD DISK
8.2 TYPE OF HARD DISK
8.3 HARD DISK HARDWARE
8.4 IDE HARD DISK
8.5 SCSI HARD DISK
8.6 SATA HARD DISK
8.7 HARD DISK PRODUCED COMPANIES
8.8 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE HARD DISK
8.9 COST OF HARD DISK
9.CD-DVD WRITERS
9.1 HISTORY OF CD'S
9.2 HISTORY OF DVD'S
9.3 CD-DVD PRODUCED COMPANIES
9.4 TYPE OF CD-DVD WRITERS
9.5 CD-DVD WRITER PRODUCED COMPANIES
9.6 COST OF CD,DVD

10.CABLES
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6

VGA CABLES
SATA CABLES
IDE CABLES
IDE TO SATA POWER ADAPTER
POWER SUPPLY ADAPTER
COST OF THIS CABLES

11.PCI CONNECTORS
11.1
11.2
11.3

SOUND CARDS
NIC CARDS
USB CARDS

12.CABINETS
12.1
12.2
12.3

TYPES
CABINET PRODUCED COMPAINES
COST OF CABINET

13.ASSEMBLEING THE CABINET

13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
13.10

INSERT THE SMPS

INSERT THE PROCESSOR ON MOTHERBOARD
INSERT THE POCESSOR FAN ON THE BOARD
INSERT MOTHER BOARD ON THE CABINET
INSERT THE RAM ON SLOT
INSERT THE HARD DISK
INSERT THE CD-DVD WRITTERS
INSERT THE AT OR ATX ON BOARD
INSERT PROCESSOR POWER SUPPLY
INSERT THE FRONT PANEL CONNECTIONS
13.10.1 POWER SWITCH
13.10.2 RESET SWIRCH
13.10.3 POWER LED
13.10.4 HARD DISK LED
13.10.5 USB CABLES
13.10.6 AUDIO CABLES

14.OPERATING SYSTEM INSTALLATION

14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6

DEFINE OS
HISTORY OF OS
TYPE OF OS
WINDOWS HISTORY
UNIX AND LINUX HISTORY
MAC OS HISTORY

14.7
14.8
14.9
14.10
14.11
14.12
14.13

HOW TO INSTALL THE OS

USE CD-DVD OR PENDRIVE
STEP 1:BOOTING IN CD-DVD OR PENDRIVE
STEP 2:GO TO BIOS CHANGE BOOT PRIORITY
STEP 3:OS LOADED
STEP 4:HARDDISK PARTITION
STEP 5:FINAL INSTALLATION

15.AFTER OS INSTALLATION
15.1
15.2
15.3
15.4
15.5
15.6

DELETE THE TEMP FILES

CHANGE SCREEN RESOULTION
CHANGE PICTURE
INSTALL THE DRIVER SOFTWARE
INSTALL THE BASIC SOFTWARE
INSTALL THE ANTIVIRUS

16.VIRUS
16.1
16.2
16.3
16.4

WHAT IS VIRUS
HISTORY OF VIRUS
HOW TO PROTECT IN MY SYSTEM
BEST ANTIVIRUS

17.HOW TO DOWNLAOD SOFTWARE

17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4

DOWNLOAD DRIVER SOFTWARE

DOWNLOAD BASIC SOFTWARE
DOWNLAOD PORTABLE SOFTWAER
DIFFERENT BETWEEN NORMAL AND PORTABLE SOFTWARE

18.BASIC TROUBLESHOOTING
18.1
18.2
18.3
18.4
18.5
18.6
18.7
18.8

RAM PROBLEM
HARD DISK PROBLEM
POWER CABLE PROBLEMS
OVER HEATING PROBLEM
OVER DUSTING PROBLEM
HIGH RAM USE PROBLEM
HIGH SOTRAGE PARTITION PROBLEM
SOFTWARE PROBLRM

****************************** ALL THE BEST********************************

UNIT 1
INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER
WHAT IS COMPUTER?
THE COMPUTER IS AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE.IT IS USE TO PERFORM MANY
OPERATION LIKE THAT ADDITION,SUBTRACTION,MULTIFICATION,DIVISION,ETC.,
THE EARLIER COMPUTER CAN INVENT ONLY CALCULATIG PURPOSE.BUT COMPUETR IS
USED IN ALL FIELD.SIMPLY ANY TIME,ANY WHERE,ANY PROBLEM CAN USE THE
COMPUTER.
THE USER CAN GIVE THE INPUT TO COMPUTER USING THE INPUT DEVICE THE
MACHINE PROCESS THE INPUTE USING THE PROCESSING UNIT TO PRODUCE THE
DESIRED OUTPUT TO SHOW USER VIA OUTPUT UNIT.

COMPUTER HISTORY
DO YOU KNOW WHO INVENTED THE FIRST COMPUTER? STEVE JOBS, BILL GATES
OR MORE GENIUSES LIKE ALAN TURING OR KONRAD ZUSE. THE ANSWER IS NEITHER
ONE OF THEM. HAVE YOU HEARD OF CHARLES BABBAGE? CHARLES BABBAGE WAS A
PHILOSOPHER AND MATHEMATICIAN BORN IN 1791.
DURING THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19 CENTURY HE ATTEMPTED TO BUILT A
MACHINE CALLED THE DIFFERENCE ENGINE OR DIFFERENTIAL ENGINE. IT WAS
A TYPE OF MECHANICAL CALCULATOR CONSISTING OF A LARGE NUMBER OF
MECHANICAL PARTS AND ITS JOB WAS TO PERFORM COMPUTATIONS ON SETS OF
NUMBERS.
SO, SOME PEOPLE ARGUE THAT CHARLES BABBAGE IS THE FATHER OF THE
MODERN COMPUTER AND NOT ALLAN TURING OR KONRAD ZUSE.
DUE TO ITS EXTREME COST AND SOME OTHER DISPUTES WITH LOCALS AND
POLITICIANS OF HIS TIMES, BABBAGE WAS NOT ABLE TO BUILT THE DIFFERENCE
ENGINE.
HOWEVER, HIS IDEA BECAME THE FOUNDATION OF MODERN COMPUTERS, AND
HIS DIFFERENCE ENGINE PROJECT WAS COMPLETED BY THE SCIENCE MUSEUM IN
LONDON IN 1991. AND IT IS A FULLY FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENCE ENGINE.

HE PROBLEM WITH THE DIFFERENCE ENGINE WAS THAT IT COULD ONLY

PERFORM CALCULATIONS AND WAS NOT ABLE TO CHECK THE RESULTS AND PERFORM
DIFFERENT OPERATIONS ON A SET OF NUMBERS AS DESIRED. THEREFORE, WITH
GREATER PLANS, CHARLES BABBAGE CAME UP WITH THE IDEA OF DEVELOPING
ANOTHER ENGINE CALLED THE ANALYTICAL ENGINE.
THE ANALYTICAL ENGINE WAS A GIGANTIC MACHINE, THE SIZE OF A ROOM, IT
HAD ITS OWN CPU, MEMORY AND WAS PROGRAMMABLE THROUGH PUNCH CARDS,
BUT UNFORTUNATELY, IT WASNT COMPLETED. HOWEVER, LATER ON, HIS SON, HENRY
BABBAGE WAS ABLE TO COMPLETE A PORTION OF THIS ENORMOUS MACHINE AND
WAS FUNCTIONAL. AFTER 150 YEARS, THE SCIENCE MUSEUM OF LONDON PLANS TO
BUILD THE CHARLES BABBAGES ANALYTICAL ENGINE.
ONE MIGHT ASK THAT WHETHER CHARLES BABBAGE WOULD HAVE BEEN
ABLE TO BUILD SUCH A MAJESTIC MACHINE BACK THEN.

WHO INVENTED THE FIRST PROGRAMMABLE COMPUTER?

KONRAD ZUSE, A GERMAN SCIENTIST, DURING 1936 AND 1938 BUILT THE Z1.
WHICH WAS CONSIDERED AS THE FIRST PROGRAMMABLE COMPUTER.

IDEAS THAT LEAD TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN COMPUTERS:

ALAN TURING, IN 1936, PROPOSED THE IDEA OF THE THE TURING MACHINE.
THIS LEAD TO THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE MODERN DAYS COMPUTERS.

WHO INVENTED THE FIRST DIGITAL COMPUTER?

J. PRESPER ECKERT AND JOHN MAUCHLY WERE THE FIRST TO INVENT THE
ENIAC AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA AND WAS COMPLETED IN 1946.
THE ENIAC WAS A GIGANTIC COMPUTER, IT WEIGHED ALMOST 50 TONS AND WAS
ACCOMMODATED IN A BUILDING WITH 18,000 VACUUM TUBES. SO, THE ENIAC IS
CONSIDERED AS THE WORLDS FIRST DIGITAL COMPUTER.

WHICH IS THE EARLIEST COMPUTER COMPANY?

THE FIRST OFFICIAL AND EARLIEST COMPUTER COMPANY WAS ESTABLISHED BY
J. PRESPER ECKERT AND JOHN MAUCHY AND WAS KNOWN AS THE ELECTRONIC
CONTROLS COMPANY. LATER ON, IT WAS RENAMED TO ECKERT MAUCHLY
COMPUTER CORPORATION (EMCC). THE UNIVAC MAINFRAME COMPUTERS WERE
RELEASED BY EMCC.

WHICH ONE IS THE FIRST COMMERCIAL COMPUTER?

THE FIRST COMMERCIAL COMPUTER IS Z4, DEVELOPED BY KONDRAD ZUSE IN
1942. VISIT AGAIN, AS THIS ARTICLE WILL BE UPDATED REGULARLY, WITH MORE
USEFUL INFORMATION ABOUT EARLY COMPUTERS.